OTHER POLLUTIONS

SOIL POLLUTION NOISE POLLUTION THERMAL POLLUTION MARINE POLLUTION NUCLEAR POLLUTION

DEFINITION
Pollution is the effect of undesirable changes in our surroundings that

have harmful effects on plants, animals and human beings

Pollutants are solid, liquid or gaseous substances present in greater

than natural abundance, produced due to human activity, which have detrimental effect on our environment.
It refers to the very bad condition of Environment in terms of Quality

and Quantity.

Pollutants

Degradable or non-persistent pollutants

These are rapidly broken down by natural processes e.g.: Domestic sewage, discarded vegetables, etc.

Slowlydegradable or persistent pollutants

These remain in the environment for many years in an unchanged condition & take decades or longer to degrade e.g.: DDT and most plastics

Non-degradable pollutants
These cannot be degraded by natural processes & are difficult to eradicate & continue to accumulate e.g.: Toxic elements like lead or mercury and nuclear wastes

SOIL POLLUTION
Contamination of soil caused by

chemicals and other activities resulting in the loss of the fertility of production of soil

SOURCES OF SOIL DEGRADATION

Humans (Urban waste) Insecticides Industrial waste Radioactive waste Nitrification Agricultural waste Biological Agents Mining

EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION

Alters the biological properties of soil Chronic diseases

Human health is affected due to pesticides

Fluorosis Disturbs human food chain

METHODS TO CONTROL SOIL DEGRADATION

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

By making vegetation cover By terrace or contour bonding By controlling the grazing By proper dumping of unwanted wastes Substituting animal manures instead of chemical manures

6.
7.

Recycling and Reuse of wastes

Public Awareness

NOISE POLLUTION
Noise is defined as the sound of unpleasant

and annoying nature It is the type of Energy pollution in which distracting, irritating or damaging sounds are audible. Greater than 140 dB causes heavy noise pollution

VARIOUS NOISE LEVELS IN DB

SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION

Industrial Activities Transport Activities

Domestic Activities
Cultural Activities Agricultural Activities Defense Activities Mining Activities

EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

A. Auditory effects: Hearing Loss (Deafness) Auditory fatigue Damage to tympanic membrane B. Non-Auditory effects: Headache Cardiovascular symptoms Hypertension Loss of memory Fast irregular heartbeats (Tachycardia)

C. Psychological effects:
Depression Anger Frustration Fatigue Irritation Insomnia

MEASURES TO CONTROL NOISE POLLUTION

Usage of Noise cancelling Head-phones Construction of Acoustic barriers Installing the Noise absorbent materials Blowing of horns and especially pressure horns should be

reduced
Green belt should be developed
Public awareness

THERMAL POLLUTION
Thermal pollution is the degradation of water

quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. Also defined as Addition of excess of undesirable heat to water that makes it harmful to man, animal or aquatic life.

CAUSES OF THERMAL POLLUTION

EFFECTS OF THERMAL POLLUTION

Aqua ecosystems get affected Animals die or migrate Quantity of dissolved oxygen declines

MEASURES TO CONTROL THERMAL POLLUTION

Constructing cooling towers Developing cooling ponds Creating Spray ponds Creating artificial lakes Cogeneration

MARINE POLLUTION
It is the result of human activities, industrial wastes, transport,

municipal waste, domestic waste, etc. which are allowed directly to flow into the sea or estuaries, to make the oceanic water pollute.

Causes
Sea, Wage (Pathogens) Fuel oil from ships, cars, trucks , oil tankers Industrial effluents, pesticides from agricultural farms Fishing nets, cargo, plastic waste Radio active, nuclear waste

Effects
Diseases like typhoid, gastro ,etc. Marine life of plant and animals comes in danger Contamination of sea food. Fatsoluble toxic elements bio-magnify to create danger to life Non-degradable material causes danger to aquatic life. Enters into the food chain. Alters the chromosomes in the DNA.

CONTROL OF MARINE POLLUTION the load (amount) and the type of pollutants To control, first identify
i.e. the sources
Public awareness

Develop the technology to treat the effluents

Form the acts (laws) to protect the marine environment

NUCLEAR POLLUTION
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Nuclear fusion and Nuclear fission Advantages: Production cost per unit of power is less Area required for mining of nuclear fuel is less By using the correct technology, air and water pollution can be kept under control Heat generated is higher than any other thermal power plant

LIMITATIONS
High technology to generate nuclear power is not available in all the

countries
Fuel required is not available in all the countries

Nuclear waste is large and radioactive, disposal is to be done very

cautiously
Risky process of nuclear energy generation Danger of misuse of nuclear fuel

Risk of accidents