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Earths Interior
Core
dense Iron and Nickel Inner Core - solid Outer Core - liquid Less dense than core Iron and Magnesium silicates Mostly solid Upper mantle is partially molten
Mantle
Crust
Outermost layer Very thin and rigid Continental granite Density = 2.8 g/cm3 Oceanic basalt Density = 3.0 g/cm3
Granite Basalt
S waves
Secondary waves
Move side-to-side
Slower (~ 4 km/sec) Travel thru solids only
Lithosphere
Consists of continental, oceanic and upper part of mantle Continents composed of granitetype rock, quartz and feldspar minerals, density+2.8g/cm3 Oceanic crust formed of basalt; basalt rich in iron/magnesium minerals, density+3.0 g/cm3 Lithosphere is rigid layer of crust and mantle overlying partially-molten asthenosphere
Continental Drift
Geographic Fit
Continental Drift
Fossils
Continental Drift
Mountains
Continental Drift
Glaciation
Seafloor Spreading
Continental drift reexamined in 1960s with new information New theory developed Seafloor spreading Supporting evidence for seafloor spreading World seismicity Volcanism Age of seafloor Paleomagnetism Heat flow Theory combining continental drift and seafloor spreading termed Plate Tectonics
Seafloor Spreading
Youngest sea floor is at mid-ocean ridge Oldest sea floor away from mid-ocean ridge
solid inner core in liquid outer core (both mostly Fe) When rocks cool at the Earths surface, they record Earths magnetic field (normal or reverse polarity)
Seafloor Spreading
Heat Flow
Seafloor Spreading
Convection Currents
Plate Boundaries
Three types
Plate Boundaries
Divergent
Plates move away from each other New crust is being formed
Plate Boundaries
Convergent
Three Types:
Ocean-continent Ocean-ocean Continent-continent
Examples
Plate Boundaries
Transform
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