SMK SULTAN IBRAHIM, KUALAIJAYA

VIDEO 1 VIDEO 2

2.5 Understanding the effect of force

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

i. State the Newton's second law of motion ii. Describe the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces acting on the object. iii. Determine the relationship between force, mass and acceleration.
Fnet = ma

iv. Solve problems using F = ma

Force is a push or a pull

Newton's second law of motion

The acceleration, a of a body is parallel and

directly proportional to the net force F and inversely proportional to the mass, m.

The SI unit of force is Newton (N) Acceleration due to gravity symbol as g Weight of the object: w= mg

 In general, there are many several forces acting on the mass, whether parallel or anti-parallel, or in different direction. Thus, the force, F, must be replaced with the net or resultant force when there are several forces acting on the mass.

Fnet = ma

Effects Of Balanced Forces Acting On The Object

When the forces acted on an object are balanced, they cancel each other out (net force=0). The object then behaves as if there is no force acting on it. Since Fnet = 0, the acceleration of an object a=0. Thus the object remains at rest or moves at constant velocity when there is no net force. This is Newtons first law of motion.

Example of balanced forces:

1

The weight of the book,W, is balanced by the reaction force,R, from the table. The two forces are of equal magnitude but opposite in direction. Without the table (that is, no reaction force)

Reaction force, R

2
Air resistance, G Thrust,T

Friction,Fr

Weight, W There are 3 horizontal forces acting on a car moving at a constant velocity. The forward thrust, T, provided by the car engine is balanced by the frictional force on the wheels and the air resistance. T = G + Fr

The weight of the car, W, is vertically balanced by the reaction force, R, from the road. W=R

Effects Of Unbalanced Forces Acting On The Object

Lift from wing, L Drag or air resistance, G

Engine thrust, T

Weight, W

Fnet 0 a0

 When the force acting on the object do not cancel out each other, a net force known as unbalanced force is acting on the object. Unbalanced forces produce an acceleration to the mass on which the forces are acting. However, the object will accelerate in the direction of the net force. When an airplane is moving constant velocity, if the pilot increases the engine thrust, the forces acting horizontally are no longer balanced. There is a net force forwards and the plane will accelerate in the forward direction.

Relationship Between Force, Mass and Acceleration.

F m 2F m

(a) F m m

(c)

(b)

 (a) shows a force, F, acting on a mass, m. The mass moves with a constant acceleration, a. (b) If the force acting on the mass is doubled, its acceleration is also doubled, its acceleration is also doubled. (c)If the same force, F is acting on a mass of 2m, the acceleration, a, is reduced by half.

Solve problems using F = ma

Problem 1

F=20 N Ffriction

Zamhari pushes a heavy block with a force of 200 N. Find the frictional force acting on the heavy block.

Solution:

Problem 2

5000 N Upward force from the engine, F m = 300 kg

Weight,W 3000 N A small rocket of mass 00 kg at the point of take-off. Find the initial acceleration.

Solution:

Conclusions:
Newton's second law of motion:
The acceleration, a of a body is parallel and directly

proportional to the net force F and inversely proportional to the mass, m.

Resultant force when there are several forces acting on the mass.
Fnet = ma

Homework!!!
Hand out exercise Submit to me on the next class