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Ariane 5 A European Launcher for Space Exploration

Towards a European Infrastructure for Lunar Observatories - Workshop

David Iranzo-Greus
Head of Advanced Studies Launchers, Propulsion and Defence EADS SPACE Transporation Bremen, March 23rd, 2005

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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2005

Ariane 5

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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Ariane 5

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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Ariane 5 Flight

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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Ariane 5 is already a launcher for exploration

Rosetta Ariane 518 March 2nd, 2004 SMART-1 Ariane 516 Sept. 27th, 2003

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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Ariane 5 options
Reference Ariane 5 Robotic exploration missions Possible participation to assembly of infrastructure in conjunction with other heavylift launchers (international mission )

Minor adjustments of Ariane 5 Limited gain in performance

Heavy Lift Ariane Ariane 5 technology Heavy Lift Launcher

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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Ariane 5 and LEO launch (1) Performance of Ariane 5 with EPS

L10 EPS

P240 EAP

H173 EPC Vulcain 2


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Performance : payload + adapter Ariane 5 ES : Performance : 20.9 t (200 km x 200 km / 51.6 ) 20.7 t (300 km x 200 km / 51.6 ) EPC falldown constraint taken into account (margin with respect to European coast) Ariane 5 ESv (versatile) : Performance : 21.3 t (200 km x 200 km) 21.1 t (300 km x 200 km) natural EPC falldown in the Atlantic Ocean ballistic phase (< 2 h) before EPS re-ignition

This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Ariane 5 and LEO launch (2) Performance of Ariane 5 with ESC-A

H14.4 ESC-A + HM7B P240 EAP)

Ariane 5 ECA : Performance : 20.7 t (200 km x 200 km / 51.6 ) 20.6 t (300 km x 200 km / 51.6 ) natural EPC falldown in the Atlantic Ocean no performance gain with respect to Ariane 5 ES and Ariane 5 ESv due to - non optimal staging for LEO - ESC-A non reignitable

H173 EPC Vulcain 2


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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Ariane 5 and LEO launch (3) Performance of Ariane 5 with ESC-B

H28 ESC-B + Vinci P240 EAP

Ariane 5 ECB : Performance : 23 t (300 km x 300 km / 51.6 )


de-loading of ECB (17.5 t of propellant) EPC falldown constraint taken into account ballistic phase (3000 s) before ESC-B re-ignition

H173 EPC Vulcain 2


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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Lunar Mission Example (1)


Mission profile :
LEO parking orbit de-orbitation boost circularisation boost

LTO (Lunar Transfer Orbit) DV needs:

capture boost mid-course correction

Phase LTO injection Mid-course correction LOI Descent Moon landing

DV 3131 m/s 30 m/s 780 m/s 1760 m/s 60 m/s

Notes Duration ~140 hours

Altitude = 100 km

Preliminary estimate

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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Lunar Mission Example (2)


Hypotheses : - Storable propellant stage for LTO injection (13% structural coefficient used: idem EPS) - Storable propellant stage for mid-course correction, circularisation, descent and lunar landing (18% structural coefficient used) - Isp : 324 s (idem EPS)

Performance (simplified DV approach) :


A5ES Mass in LEO Mass in LLO (**) Mass on the Moon P/L on the Moon (*) 20.5 t 6t 2.6 t 2t A5ESv 20.9 t 6.1 t 2.7 t 2t A5ECA 20.3 t 5.9 t 2.6 t 1.9 t A5ECB 22.6 t 6.6 t 2.9 t 2.2 t

(*) = mass on the Moon dry mass of propulsive stage (**) Low Lunar Orbit
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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Ariane 5 and direct LTO injection


Hypotheses : - LTO performance assumed equal to the performance into a parabolic scape trajectory (C3=0 / sizing hypothesis) - Storable propellant stage for mid-course correction, circularisation, descent and lunar landing (18% structural coefficient used) - Isp : 324 s (idem EPS)

Performance (simplified DV approach) :

A5ECA Mass in LTO Mass on the Moon P/L on the Moon 6.8 t 3t 2.2 t

A5ECB 10.8 t 4.7 t 3.5 t

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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Synthesis about Ariane 5 and Exploration

Ariane 5: between 20 t and 23 t into LEO Ariane 5 in the same performance range as:
Atlas 552 19 tons Delta IV Heavy 23 tons

Ariane 5 ECB provides a substantial gain for direct

LTO injection

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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Adaptation of the Ariane 5 concept (1)


Objective :

Maximize Ariane 5 performance without major architecture modifications


Approach : increase of Vinci thrust level (ESCB) : 200 kN instead of 180 kN. Composite casing for the EAP : 248 t of propellant for 27 t of dry mass (versus 240 t / 38,6 t for the current configuration) Vulcain Mark III : evolutions with respect to Vulcain II + 13.3 s on the Isp (446.8 s) + 350 kN on thrust (1700 kN vac.)
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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Adaptation of Ariane 5 concept (2)

LEO performance: 27 tons Identified critical points


high dynamic pressure level (> 48 000 Pa ) (+30% with respect to the Ariane 5 ECB reference version) considering a dynamic pressure constraint on the trajectory optimization process would cancel the performance gain important effect on the launcher aerodynamic loads launcher ascent controlability to be verified

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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Ariane 5 Heavy Lift Derivatives


Context : study initiated by CNES in 1991 reference mission : human flight to the Moon (Apollo-like) launcher performance > 32 t in LTO Ariane Super Lourd / ASL : - 4 EAP (P230) - cryogenic lower stage : H620 / 8.2 m diameter 5 Vulcain II - cryogenic upper stage : H70 / 5.4 m diameter Vulcain at 700 kN (re-ignitable?) 90 tons in LEO 100 km x 200 km/23 35 tons in LTO/23
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Payload : 35 t (LTO injection ) VEB H70 1 Vulcain II

Height 74 m

H620 4 P230

5 Vulcain II Lift-off mass : 1874 t

This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

Synthesis

Ariane 5 performance is interesting mainly for robotic exploration missions (21 to 23 tons in LEO) Maximum performance increase to 27 tons in LEO while keeping the general Ariane 5 architecture Ariane 5 heavy-lift derivatives could be considered but high development costs to be expected even with proven technologies Ariane 5 elements could be used through an international cooperation aiming at developing an upper stage based on EPC and Vulcain technologies
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This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement. Its contents shall not be disclosed. - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004

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