USE OF HYDROCYCLONE IN DRILLING RIG AS MUD CLEANER & DESANDER

S B SINGH TEGA INDUSTRIES LIMITED

DRILLING RIG
A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes (usually called boreholes) and/or shafts in the ground. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person.[citation needed] They sample subsurface mineral deposits, test rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling rigs can be mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil rigs' even if they don't contain a drilling rig). The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex of equipment that is used to penetrate the surface of the earth's crust. Drilling rigs can be: Small and portable, such as those used in mineral exploration drilling, water wells and environmental investigations. Huge, capable of drilling through thousands of meters of the Earth's crust. Large "mud pumps" circulate drilling mud (slurry) through the drill bit and up the casing annulus, for cooling and removing the "cuttings" while a well is drilled. Hoists in the rig can lift hundreds of tons of pipe. Other equipment can force acid or sand into reservoirs to facilitate extraction of the oil or natural gas; and in remote locations there can be permanent living accommodation and catering for crews (which may be more than a hundred). Marine rigs may operate many hundreds of miles or kilometres distant from the supply base with infrequent crew rotation

Mobile drilling rigs

In early oil exploration, drilling rigs were semi-permanent in nature and the derricks were often built on site and left in place after the completion of the well. In more recent times drilling rigs are expensive custom-built machines that can be moved from well to well. Some light duty drilling rigs are like a mobile crane and are more usually used to drill water wells. Larger land rigs must be broken apart into sections and loads to move to a new place, a process which can often take weeks. Small mobile drilling rigs are also used to drill or bore piles. Rigs can range from 100 ton continuous flight auger (CFA) rigs to small air powered rigs used to drill holes in quarries, etc. These rigs use the same technology and equipment as the oil drilling rigs, just on a smaller scale. The drilling mechanisms outlined below differ mechanically in terms of the machinery used, but also in terms of the method by which drill cuttings are removed from the cutting face of the drill and returned to surface.

Drill types
Auger drilling Percussion rotary air blast drilling (RAB) Air core drilling Cable tool drilling Reverse circulation (RC) drilling Diamond core drilling Direct Push Rigs Hydraulic-rotary drilling Sonic (vibratory) drilling

Mud Cleaner
A mud cleaner is a combination of desanders and/or desilters mounted over a shaker with a fine mesh screen. A mud is fed to the inlet of the hydrocyclone (desander and/or desilter) of size 4 ( 18 No.s )to separate particles and the underflow passes to the fine screen mesh where in particles larger than barite are discarded and thrown away. In most drilling operations, a mud cleaner is installed in its mud systems. It is usually located in a mud tank in the same location as with the desilters. The purpose of the mud cleaner is to remove drilled solids larger than barite. Solids larger than 74-105 microns can be removed by the mud cleaner before the viscosity builds up

Drilling mud combo cleaner

Drilling mud conditioner -Mud Cleaners

Drilling mud conditioner -Mud Cleaners

The Combo Cleaner combines hydrocyclones and a Vibratory Screen to provide liquid/solids separation at a high flow rate. As a first stage, the mud is processed through the hydrocyclones, the cleaned fluids is carried out the Hydrocyclone overflow and the concentrated underflow (solids) are deposited on a vibratory screen deck. The screen deck imparts a rapid linear motion, producing an energy force that dewaters and conveys the solids to the discharge end of the screen. The screened fluids flows into a collection pan located below the screen deck. The cleaned liquid overflow from the hydrocyclones and the screened liquid may be blended together.Drilling Mud Cleaner Combo Unit Hydrocyclones over a Linear Motion Shale Shaker Screening Deck.

Mud Cleaners
Treating Capacity Desilter cones Desander cones Inlet Diameter Outlet Diameter Matching pump Matching Shaker Shaker Motor Screen Area Remarks 120~300m3/h 528~1320GPM 4"(10~20ea) 10"(1~3ea) 125~150mm 200mm 45~75KW ZS83108-3 21.8/1.72kw 2.7m3 120~300m3/h 528~1320GPM 4"(10~20ea) 10"(1~3ea) 125~150mm 200mm 45~75KW ZS63125-3 21.5kw 2.4m3 120~300m3/h 528~1320GPM 4"(10~20ea) 10"(1~3ea) 125~150mm 200mm 45~75KW ZS70105-3 21.5kw 2.2m3 60~180m3/h 264~792GPM 4"(4~10ea) 10"(1~2ea) 100~125mm 150~200mm 30~45KW ZS83108-2 21.3kw 1.8m3 60 m3/h 264GPM 4"(4ea) 8"(1ea) 75~100mm 125~150mm 15~30KW ZS60160 0.5kw 1.0m3

Cones numbers decide the treating capacity,cone numbers and size are customized 4" desilter cones =12~15 m3/h, 10" desander cone=90m3/h

Desander

Desander
Capacity
Cone size Cone number Pressure Matching pump

40m3/h 176GPM
8" 1 0.21~0.4Mpa SB43-12(11kw)

80m3/h 352GPM
8" 2 0.21~0.4Mpa SB5413(30kw)

90m3/h 396GPM
10" 1 0.21~0.4Mpa SB5414(37kw)

180m3/h 792GPM
10" 2 0.21~0.4Mpa SB8613(55kw)

Inlet Size
Outlet Size

75mm
125mm

100mm
150mm

100mm
150mm

150mm
200mm

Separation size
Screen area

47m
1.0m2(6001600mm)

Desanders
Desanders and desilters are drilling rig equipment with a set of hydrocyclones that separates sand and silt from the drilling fluid. Desander is installed after shakers and degasser but before desilter. Desander removes those abrassive solids from the drilling mud which cannot be removed by shakers. A centrifugal pump is used to pump drilling fluid through the set of hydrocyclones of size 10 to 12( 3 Nos.) Hydrocyclones is also called cyclone separator.Hydrocyclones consist of desander(10 in. cone) and desilter(4 in. cone)are drilling rig equipments with a set of hydrocyclones that separates sand and silt from the drilling fluid. Desander is installed after shakers and degasser but before desilter. Desander removes those abrassive solids from the drilling mud which cannot be removed by shakers. Desander, as stated earlier, have no moving parts. The larger the internal diameter (ID) of the desander is, the greater the amount of fluid it is able to process and the larger the size of the solids removed. Desander (10 in.cone) are able to remove roughly 50 percent of those solids within the 4050 micron range at a flow rate of 500 gallons per min (gal/min), while desilter (4 in. Cone) are able to remove approximately 50 percent of those solids within the 15-20 micron range at a flow rate of 60 gal/min. Micro fine separators are able to remove around 50 percent of those solids within the 10-15 micron range at a flow rate of 15 gal/min. Desander is typically positioned next-to-last in the arrangement of solids control equipment, with decanting centrifuge as the subsequent processing unit. Desander are preceded by gas busters, gumbo removal equipment (if utilized), shale shakers, mud cleaner (if utilized) and vacuum degasser.Desander is widely used in oilfield drilling.

Desander & Desilter

3-Stage Mud-Cleaning Circulation System

Hydrocyclone Desilter

Hydrocyclone Desilter
Hydrocyclone desilter IG 45M-2 is intended to clean non-weighted drilling mud from cuttings of size no more than 0.6 mm during oil and gas wells drilling.Parallel arrangement of hydrocyclones, manifold block length reducing, drop-side sludge trap height increasing and other design changes provide for effective and safe operation of the desilter. It can be used separately or be incorporated into hydrocyclone separator LSGS.

Specifications: Flow rate, m3/s The smallest size of particles with density of 2.6x103 kg/m3, removed by 95% and more, when drilling mud density is (1.1x103 1.2x103) kg/m3, mm Working pressure before hydrocyclones, MPa Hydrocyclone number, pcs. 0,045 0,05 0,3 6

Hydrocyclone diameter, mm
Dimensions, mm length width height Weight, kg 250

150
1,170 760 1,380

HYDROCYCLONE SEPARATOR FRAMEWORK

PRIMARY CLEANING DESANDER PG 60/300

PRIMARY CLEANING DESANDER 60/300-

SHALE SHAKER-DESILTER IG 45 PRIMARY CLEANING DESANDER 60/300- SHALE SHAKER-DESILTER IG 45

FINE-CLEANING DESILTER IG 45/75-K

SHALE SHAKER-DESILTER IG 45-2

Fine-Cleaning Desilter with Radial Hydrocyclon Arrangement

Fine-cleaning desilter IG 45/75-K is intended to clean non-weighted drilling mud from cuttings of size no more than 0.8 mm during oil and gas wells drilling. It can be used separately or be incorporated into hydrocyclone separator LSGS Fine-cleaning desilter IG 45/75-K is analogue to IG 45/75. Hydrocyclone radial arrangement enables to provide uniform distribution of drilling mud between hydrocyclones that provides for desilter IG 45/75-K effective operation.
Specification: Flow rate, m3/s The smallest size of particles with density of 2.6x103 kg/m3, removed by 95% and more, when drilling mud density is (1.1x103 1.2x103) kg/m3, mm Working pressure before hydrocyclones, MPa 0,045 0.02 0,3

Hydrocyclone number, pcs

Hydrocyclone diameter, mm Dimensions, mm length width height Weight, kg 285

16
75 1,070 1,000 1,450

Desander Hydrocyclone Assembly

HYDROCYCLONE ASSEMBLY