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Basics Of Computers
A Desktop Machine
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Introduction to Computers
A Computer System
Hardware Software User
User
Software
Hardware
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Introduction to Computers
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Introduction to Computers
Software
Software is set of programs (which are step by step instructions) telling the computer how to process data. Software needs to be installed on a computer, usually from a CD. Softwares can be divided into two groups: - System SW - Application SW
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Introduction to Computers
Software (Contd.)
System Software It controls the overall operation of the system. It is stored in the computer's memory and instructs the computer to load, store, and execute an application.
Software (Contd..)
Application Software They are Softwares written to perform specific tasks.
The basic types of application software are: word processing, database, spreadsheet, desktop publishing, and communication. Examples: MSOffice, Tally, MSOutlook, ISBS, MODBANKER BANKSOFT
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Types of Computers
On the basis of Computing Power & Size:
Laptop / Palmtop Micro Computer / Desktop Mini Computer / Mainframe Super Computer
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Language of Computers
Computers only understand the electronic signals. Either Current is flowing or not. Current Flowing : ON Current Not Flowing : OFF Binary Language ON : 1 OFF : 0
Computer Network
A Computer Network is interconnection of Computers to share resources. Resources can be : Information, Load, Devices etc.
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Wide Area Network (WAN) Its a network of the computers spread widely geographically.
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Internet
Internet is a huge network of computer networks. Internet provides many services: Email World Wide Web (www) Remote Login (Telnet) File Transfer (FTP)
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End Of Session #1
ANY Queries ??????
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VDU (Monitor)
This is the television-like screen where the results of a computer's tasks are displayed. Monitors come in all sizes, but most commonly they are either 15 or 17 inches (measured diagonally from one corner of the screen to the opposite corner).
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Keyboard
The keyboard looks like a typewriter. It contains all the letters of the alphabet, numbers and some special symbols. It operates like a typewriter keypad, but instead of moving an arm, which strikes the paper, it sends an electronic impulse to the computer, which displays a character on the monitor.
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Mouse
Its
a device that is used to control the computer. A cable connects the mouse to the computer.
When the mouse is moved on a pad, called a mouse pad, the cursor on the screen moves. A cursor is a small symbol displayed on the computer screen (normally a diagonal arrow that is used as a pointer) that shows you what the mouse is referencing on the screen.
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Printer
A printer is designed to output information from a computer onto a piece of paper.
There are three kinds of printers: dot matrix, laser, and inkjet.
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Scanner
A scanner is a device used to copy an image off paper and convert it into a digital image, which can be saved as a computer file and stored on a hard drive. Scanners can also use a special kind of technology called Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to read text from paper and save it as an editable document file
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A Look Inside.
Floppy
CD
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A Look Inside ..
power supply
CD-ROM drive
floppy drive
cards
hard drive
motherboard
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A Look Inside
Identify all the major components: Power Supply Motherboard Memory Card Slots Cards (sound, video, network) CPU, heatsink and fan Drives (floppy, hard and CD-ROM)
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What these components do.. RAM Random Access Memory (short-term memory) holds data and program instructions that the computer is currently using. Hard Drive (long-term memory) holds all of the information that needs to be stored between uses of the computer. Floppy and CD-ROM drives (mouth/ears) allow you to give data to the computer and take data away from the computer.
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Power Supply
SMPS Switch Mode Power Supply Switching Transistors Outputs + 5V, -5V, +12 V, -12 V Typical Costs are: ATX Rs.700 Non ATX Rs.300 Usually, SMPS comes with the CPU Cabinet.
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Motherbo ard
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ALU
Memory Registers
Examples: Intel Family Pentium 4, 3, 2, Pentium, XEON, Itanium AMD -- Athlon, K62 IBM -- Cyrix Motorola -- 68000 Series
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RAM
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Hard Drive
We wont remove this.
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Floppy Drive
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CD-ROM Drive
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Ribbon Cables
polarized
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Video Card
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Sound Card
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Back of Computer
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CPU The central processing unit or (CPU) is the "brain" of your computer. It contains the electronic circuits that cause the computer to follow instructions from memory.
The CPU contains three main parts, all housed in a single package (Chip):
BACK
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Session # 3
Computer Peripherals
Major Peripherals
Keyboard Mouse Hard Disk Floppy Disk CD ROM Printer Scanner Joystick
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Keyboard
Keypad contains:
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Mouse
Pointing & Click Device.
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Floppy Disk
Magnetic Memory Device. Removable storage. A single circular mylar plastic disk, coated with magnetic material is packed in a protective plastic casing. Typical size is 3.5 & Capacity is 1.44MB Typical Costs are:
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CD ROM
Optical Device.
Removable Storage. Read Only Memory.
Drive
Related Terms:
-- Rs.1000
Printer
Output Device, Produces Hard Copy Types: Dot Matrix Inkjet Laser Typical Cost Ranges from Rs.3500 Rs.2 lacs Related Terms: Impact Non Impact Ribbon, Cartridge, Toner, Duty Cycle Major Vendors in India: HP, Cannon, Samsung, TVS, Epson etc.
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Scanner
Input Device, Converts a hard copy into a computer file. Used to Scan Signatures, Photographs etc. Optical Device. Typical Cost Rs.4000 Rs.75000 Major Vendors in India: HP, Umax, Cannon Nowadays Scanners with OCR produces editable documents.
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End of Session #3
Queries???
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Session - 4
OS is system software, which may be viewed as collection of software consisting of procedures for operating the computer.
It provides an environment for execution of programs (application software).
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Operating System
Human Understandable Language (High Level Language)
User / Programmer
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Types of OS
Multiprogramming OS
Multitasking/Multiprocessing Multiuser OS Time Sharing OS Real Time OS
Distributed OS
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A Second Classification
This Classification is based on the type of interface Operating System provides for the user to work in. Character User Interface (CUI)
The User has to type the commands on the command prompt to get the work completed. Ex. DOS, UNIX.
Functions of OS
File Management
Memory Management
Process Management
Device Management
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Types of Processing
Serial Processing
The job is processed at the time when it is submitted.
Batch Processing
The similar jobs are bunched together and are kept for processing at an later time.
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MS-DOS Overview
MS-DOS is an acronym for MicroSoft Disk Operating System It is a CUI based operating system. It provides user with a command prompt (generally called as C:\) where various command could be typed. When one operates in the DOS environment, one interacts with the command interpreter, which interprets the commands given by user. It provides an environment for execution of various application programs like MS-Word, MODBANKER, ISBS etc.
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What is Command
It is a string of characters which tells the computer what to do. When one types commands to a computer, one is conversing with the operating system's command interpreter.
For example, to copy a file called file.txt from the 3-1/2" floppy drive to the hard drive, one could type
C:\> copy a:\file.txt c:\ The word "copy" is a DOS command which causes files to be copied from one location to another
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Directory
A collection of files is directory (in DOS) or folder (in Windows) It is analogous to the Office Folder which contains various documents. A directory/folder eases the management of related files/ documents, like the various circulars related to personnel could be placed in a directory called personnel and all the circulars related to loans could be placed in a directory called loans.
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Filenames in DOS?
The filename can contain alphabets and numbers. It cannot contain any special character other than underscore (_) and also no spaces.
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The DOS file system is a hierarchical file system. Files are collected into directories, and directories may contain
both files and other directories.
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The drive which contains the root is specified at the head of the
path, separated from the root by a colon (':')
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circulars
loans
personnel
officer.txt
new.dat
january
retire.txt
february
rest.txt
abc.txt
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Overview of Windows
Windows is an GUI based operating system. It is also developed by Microsoft Corporation, which is headed by Mr. Bill Gates. Over the years the Microsoft have evolved various versions of Windows. Win95, Win98, Win2000, Win ME, Win NT, Win XP. It gives user a handy environment where he doesnt have to remember and learn the syntaxes of various commands as is the case in DOS. The user can just point and click on the Icons provided to him on the screen. 6/20/2012 Introduction to Computers 75
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End of Session #4
Queries???
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QUIZ
1. Name any four devices of a Computer. Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Light Pen. 2. What is the job of CPU? Central Processing Unit controls and coordinates all the activities of the computer.
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QUIZ
3. What is the unit of measuring the speed of the processor? Mega Hertz or Kilo Hertz ( No. of CPU Cycles/second) 4. What is a computer network? It is interconnection of computers to make a LAN,MAN or WAN.
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QUIZ
5. Name any three storage devices. Hard Disk, Magnetic Tape, Compact Disk. 6. What is command to create directory? C:\>MD <<dir-name>>
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QUIZ
7. What is Internet? It is the network of networks. 8. What are different types of printers? Dot Matrix Printer, Inkjet Laser
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QUIZ
9.What is the use of Scanner?
10. Why Operating system is required? It is required to provide the interface between the user and the computer.
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QUIZ
11. What is the difference between Primary Storage and Secondary Storage? Primary Storage is temporary storage, fast and costly. Secondary storage is permanent, slow and cheap.
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QUIZ
12. What is MODEM. Why it is required? It is Modulator Demodulator. It is used to connect the PC to the Internet using Analog Telephone Lines. 13. What is the maximum length name in DOS? First Name- 8 characters, Last characters.
Introduction to Computers
of
file
Name- 3
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QUIZ
14. What is the command in DOS to contents of the file? C:\> Type<<File Name>> see the
15. What are the two types of Software? Systems Software Application Software
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