CCNA

Cisco Certified Network Associate 640-802

OSI 7 layer

Hesham ahmed shehab

OSI Open System Interconnection We want the system to be standard to can any one use it ISO International Standard Organization Make standarization to main task for operation ( IEEE)

OSI Model Overview

Hesham ahmed shehab
Application Application (Upper) Layers Presentation Session Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Physical
3

Data Flow Layers

7- Application Layer

Hesham ahmed shehab

HTTP : Browsing protocol FTP : File Transfer Protocol TFTP : Trivial FTP Telnet : Remote access protocol SMTP : Simple Mail Transfer protocol SNMP : Simple Network Management Protocol

6- presentation layer
Hesham ahmed shehab

Format of data Compression & decompression of data Encoding & decoding of data

Such ac ASCII code ( 8bit) , EBCDIC code (5bit)

5- session layer
Set a logical connection ( session) between different application Specifies communication mode ( simple - Half duplex full duplex )

4- Transport layer

Flow control Error recovery

Flow control

Pc1

Buffering Congestion avoidence

Pc2

stop

Go on

Windowing
Sender Receiver

Windowing
Sender
Window size = 3 Send 1 Window size = 3 Send 2 Window size = 3 Send 3

Receiver

Windowing
Sender
Window size = 3 Send 1 Window size = 3 Send 2 Window size = 3 Send 3

Receiver

ACK 3 Window size = 2

Packet 3 is Dropped

Windowing
Sender
Window size = 3 Send 1 Window size = 3 Send 2 Window size = 3 Send 3

Receiver

ACK 3 Window size = 2

Packet 3 is Dropped

Window size = 3 Send 3 Window size = 3 Send 4

Windowing
Sender
Window size = 3 Send 1 Window size = 3 Send 2 Window size = 3 Send 3

Receiver

Packet 3 is ACK 3 Window size = 2 Dropped

Window size = 3 Send 3 Window size = 3 Send 4 ACK 5 Window size = 2

TCP Sequence and Acknowledgment Numbers

Source Port Dest. Port Sequence # Acknowledgement #

I just sent #10.

Source Dest. Seq. Ack. 1028 23 10 1

TCP Sequence and Acknowledgment Numbers

Source Port Dest. Port Sequence # Acknowledgement #

I just sent #10.

I just got #10, now I need #11.

Source Dest. Seq. Ack. 1028 23 10 1

Source Dest. Seq. Ack. 23 1028 1 11

TCP Sequence and Acknowledgment Numbers

Source Port Dest. Port Sequence # Acknowledgement #

I just sent #11.

I just got #10, now I need #11.

Source Dest. Seq. Ack. 1028 23 10 1

Source Dest. Seq. Ack. 23 1028 1 11 Source Dest. Seq. Ack. 1028 23 11 2

TCP Sequence and Acknowledgment Numbers

Source Port Dest. Port Sequence # Acknowledgement #

I just sent #11.

I just got #11, now I need #12

Source Dest. Seq. Ack. 1028 23 10 1

Source Dest. Seq. Ack. 23 1028 1 11 Source Dest. Seq. Ack. 1028 23 11 2 Source Dest. Seq. Ack. 23 1028 2 12

Type of protocol at transport layer

TCP (connection oriented protocol)

It must establish session before transmit the data , make recovery&control UDP connectionless protocol no session,no recovery&no control

3-Network layer

1-routing

2-IP addressing

2- Data link

1- Arbitration : find the best time to send the data ( CSMA/CD & taken)

Error detection 1- parity check : but very week 2-CRC : Depend on mathematical equation

Data link is divided into two sub layer

802.3 MAC sub layer ( Media Access control)

802.2 LLC sub layer ( Logical Link Control)

MAC address : hardware address

48 bit
24 bit ( vendor) 24 bit IEEE

LLC sub layer

TCP/IP SPX/IPX

Physical Layer: Ethernet/802.3

10Base2Thin Ethernet 10Base5Thick Ethernet

Host Hub
10BaseTTwisted Pair

Hosts

Encapsulating Data
Application

Presentation
Upper Layer Data TCP Header Upper Layer Data Session

PDU
Segment

Transport

IP Header

Data

Network

Packet

LLC Header

Data

FCS

Data Link

Frame

MAC Header

Data

FCS

0101110101001000010

Physical

Bits

De-encapsulating Data
Application Presentation Session

Upper Layer Data

Transport
Upper Layer Data

Network
TCP+ Upper Layer Data IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data

Data Link
LLC Hdr + IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data

Physical
0101110101001000010

Network Device Domains

Hub Bridge Switch Router

Collision Domains: 1 4 Broadcast Domains: 1 1 4 1 4 4

Hubs Operate at Physical layer

Physical

ffff.ffff.ffff

All devices in the same collision domain All devices in the same broadcast domain Devices share the same bandwidth

Switches and Bridges Operate at Data Link Layer

Data Link

OR

Each segment has its own collision domain All segments are in the same broadcast domain

Router Operate at Network layer

255.255.255.255

Question
Broadcast ?? collision ??

Question
Broadcast ?? collision ??

Question
Broadcast ?? collision ??

Question
Broadcast ?? collision ??

Hubs: One Collision Domain

More end stations means more collisions

CSMA/CD is used

Switches

Switch
Memory

Each segment has its own collision domain Broadcasts are forwarded to all segments