Maria Elena Rodriguez

What is memory?
The retention of information over time.

Memory and Learning

If learning deals with how experience changes the brain, memory deals with how these changes are stored and subsequently reactivated.

3 Domains
Encoding involves how information gets into

memory. Storage consists of retention of information over time. Retrieval takes place when information is taken out of storage.

Memory Encoding
Rehearsal
conscious repetition of information that increases

the length of time that information stays in memory. Verbal or visual Deep Processing add meaning to the information. (association)

Memory Encoding
Elaboration
Adds distinctiveness of the memory codes you come up with some examples of the concept.

(self-reference) Imagery Reconstruct the information Has two ways: verbal code or image code

Types of Memory
Sensory Memory
Holds information for only an instant, not much

longer than the brief time it is exposed to the visual, auditory, and other senses. Echoic Memory (auditory sensory memory) Iconic Memory (visual sensory memory)

Types of Memory
Working or Short-Term Memory
Limited-capacity memory system in which

information is retained for as long as 30 secs. Long- Term Memory Relatively permanent type of memory that holds a huge amounts of information for a long period of time.

Sensory memory

ShortTerm Memory

LongTerm Memory

*Memory Consolidation- transfer of short term memories to long term storage.

Memorys Contents
Declarative Memory Explicit Memory Conscious recollection of information, such as

specific facts or events Can be verbally communicated Nondeclarative Memory Implicit Memory Memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without that experience being consciously recollected

Memorys Contents
Episodic Memory
Explicit memories for the particular events or

experiences of ones life Ex. Daily life experiences Semantic Memory Explicit memories for general facts or information Ex. Language ability, factual knowledge

Hippocampus
Play a role in consolidation
Temporarily store memories until they can be

transferred to a more stable cortical storage system Episodic recognition of visual objects Storage of memories for spatial location

Inferotemporal Cortex
The cortex of the inferior temporal lobe
Involved in the visual perception of objects It is thought to participate in storing memories of

visual patterns

Amygdala
An almond sized and shaped brain structure
Sits in the brain's medial temporal lobe Play a role in memory for the emotional significance of

experiences

Cerebellum
Store memories of learned sensorimotor skills
Involved in the implicit memory required to perform

skills

Amnesia
The loss of memory
Extreme memory deficits and comes in two forms Damaged in hippocampus

Amnesia
Anterograde Amnesia
Forward- acting Memory disorder that affects the retention of new

information or events Retrograde Amnesia Backward- acting Memory loss for a segment of the past but not for new events

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