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Chapter 5
Evaluating Work:
Job Evaluation
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Chapter Topics
Job-Based Structures: Job Evaluation Defining Job Evaluation: Content, Value, and External Market Links How-to: Major Decisions Ranking Classification Point Method
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Who Should be Involved? The Final Result: Structure Balancing Chaos and Control
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Job content Skills required Value to the organization Organizational culture External market
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Defining Job Evaluation: Content, Value, and External Market Links (cont.)
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Defining Job Evaluation: Content, Value, and External Market Links (cont.)
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Ranking
Orders
job descriptions from highest to lowest based on a global definition of relative value or contribution to the organizations success
Simple, fast, and easy to understand and explain Initially, the least expensive method Can be misleading
Two approaches
Alternation ranking Paired comparison method
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Classification
Uses
class descriptions that serve as the standard for comparing job descriptions
Classes
Outcome: Series
jobs in each
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Point Method
Three
Most
commonly used approach to establish pay structures in U.S. Differ from other methods by making explicit the criteria for evaluating jobs compensable factors
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Conduct job analysis Determine compensable factors Scale the factors Weight the factors according to importance
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Issue
Whether to make each degree equidistant from adjacent degrees (interval scaling)
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Anchor
degree definitions with benchmark-job titles and/or work behaviors it apparent how degree applies to job
Make
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Weight
50% 30% 12% 8%
1
100 75 24 25
2
200 150 48 51
3
300 225 72 80
4
400 300 96
5
500
120
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Factor
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Degree Degree Degree Degree Degree
14 22 14 10 5 5 5 5 5 10 5 28 44 28 20 10 10 10 10 10 20 10 42 66 42 30 15 15 15 15 15 30 15 56 88 56 70 110 70 50 25 25 25 25 25 50 25
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Skill 1. Knowledge 2. Experience 3. Initiative and Ingenuity Effort 4. Physical Demand 5. Mental or Visual Demand Responsibility 6. Equipment or Process 7. Material or Product 8. Safety of Others 9. Work of Others Job Conditions 10. Working Conditions 11. Hazards
40 20
20 20 20 20 40 20
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Involves training users on total pay system Includes appeals process for employees
Employee acceptance is imperative
Communication
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Tool for managers and HR specialists once plan is developed and accepted Trained evaluators will evaluate new jobs or reevaluate jobs whose work content has changed
May also be part of appeals process
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Online job evaluation is widely used in larger organizations Becomes part of a Total Compensation Service Center for managers and HR generalists to use
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Organizations with unions find including union representatives helps gain acceptance
Extent of union participation varies
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Appeals/review procedures
Inevitable that some jobs are incorrectly evaluated Requires review procedures for handling such cases and helping to ensure procedural fairness
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Exhibit 5.15: Resulting Internal Structures Job, Skill, and Competency Based
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Job evaluation changed the legacy of decentralization and uncoordinated wage-setting practices left from the 1930s and 40s It must afford flexibility to adapt to changing conditions
Avoids bureaucracy and increases freedom to manage Reduces control and guidelines, making enforcement of fairness difficult
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