FIVE EXPERIMENTS WITH WATER

GIMNAZJUM NR 18 POLAND

INTRODUCTION
The general objectives of testing the quality of natural water:

getting the knowledge of methods of testing water quality,

Getting the knowledge of biological and economic importance of water,

identify difficulties and their causes in water treatment;

understanding the importance of wastewater treatment plants to the environment.

1st EXPERIMENT Determination of pH of water

Equipment: tube tube stand

Reagent: indicator papers

Test: four tubes were filled with water samples (1) tap (2)
lake, (3) mineral (4) melted snow.

1st EXPERIMENT
The pH of each of water

was checked with indicator

paper, and its colour was compared with the scale of the pattern.

Observations: the colour of the indicator paper changed to pink only in the case of mineral water.

Conclusion
The samples of water (1), (2), (4) are inactive, and (3) is weakly acidic.

The tested water samples were clean.

2nd EXPERIMENT Detection of chloride ions Cl

Equipment:

tubes

flasks

pipettes

Reagents: sodium chloride NaCl, solution of nitrate (V)

AgNO3 silver, dilute nitric acid (V) HNO3

2nd EXPERIMENT
Test: four tubes were filled with water samples (1) tap (2)

lake, (3) mineral (4) melted snow, (5) saline NaCl. To

each of them a few drops of HNO3 and AgNO3 were added.

Observations: In the tubes (1), (2), (3) we did not observe

any changes in (4) a white precipitate appeared comparable to the model (5). Conclusion: The sample (4) contained chloride ions.

3rd EXPERIMENT Determination of solids content in water Equipment:

laboratory scales
measuring cylinder measuring beaker glass rods

Weighting the beaker with a glass rod in it.

Pouring water
into a beaker and measuring the sample of water.

HEATING TO EVAPORATE

HEATING TO EVAPORATE

After cooling,
weighting the

beaker with the

sediment.

Conclusion
The tested sample of water, derived from melted snow contained solids. A large amount of solids reduces the water

quality and is detrimental to certain organisms.

Too low concentration of solids can inhibit the

development of aquatic life. High concentrations

of dissolved solids in drinking water can give it an unpleasant taste and laxative effects.

4th EXPERIMENT Detection of nitrates (V) in water

Equipment:
Tubes pipettes tube racks

Reagents: Hydrochloric acid, solution of rivanolum, nitrate (V) Potassium KNO3, universal indicator paper, magnesium turnings;

Test: four tubes were filled with water samples (1) tap (2) lake, (3) mineral (4) snow melted, we added 3 drops of solution of rivanolum and we acidified it with HCl, then magnesium turnings were added;

Observations: Only in the sample (2) we observed

changes in colour it was pink.

Conclusion
Water from the lake contained nitrates. Water, which is used for drinking should not contain too much nitrate. From drinking water they get into our bodies. Water with high nitrate concentrations is particularly dangerous for young

children - can cause cyanosis. Children affected

by this disease are called blue children.

5th EXPERIMENT Electrical conductivity of natural waters

Equipment:

ammeter

3 wires

two flat 4.5 V battery

beaker

two carbon electrodes

Test: the set was prepared according to the schedule set and then we read from the ammeter indicators for the studied water samples.

Observation: The highest conductance had a

mineral water, the lowest distilled water.

Conclusion
The electrical conductivity of water is proportional

to the contents of dissolved in it electrolytes.

Large, sudden change in electrical conductivity in the surface of water indicates that pollution leaks into water. Pollution contains electrolytes, i.e. acids, alkalies and salts (including heavy metals).

THE END
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