1831ish

Cholera and state of cities here

1866 1875 public sanitary act health act 1858 the great 1865 here here stink here bazelgette here

1798 Jenner + small pox here 1854 1842 john snow chadwicks 1848 public cholera report here health act here here

1861 Pastures germ theory + Koch here

1875 artisans dwelling act here

Working class get vote means more public health laws passed

State of cities and cholera

Throughout the industrial revolution of the time more and more people began to move from the country to cities and towns. The housing was overcrowded with no fresh water or good waste disposal. It was the perfect place for disease, and in 1831 cholera killed 1000s of people and as it was water born disease, it spread very quickly and effected rich and poor which was strange and it made sure that the government would act. This shows the laissez faire attitude to be undermined.
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Chadwicks report of housing conditions in towns and cities

Chadwick was made to write a report for the poor law but he was shocked at the housing conditions in towns and he criticised conditions in towns, said people should get access to clean water, sewage and rubbish should be cleared. The Report got the attention but not everyone agreed with it due to laissez faire attitude of gov and also because he believed the miasma theroy he strugled to use scientific ideas to explain his ideas. people did not want to pay taxes for it and water companies, who were giving dangerous diseasey water would lose profit so they complained

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Public health act 1848

with help from Chadwick's report in 1842 the government finally created the public health act of 1848 after a bad out break of cholera and it did most of what Chadwick suggested saying that councils should elect a town medical officers who dealt with sewage fresh water and health. However it was not compulsory so most towns ignored it and it did not achieve much. However it did finaly break the laissez faire attitude of the government and made them realize that acting could be a very good thing.
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John snow discovers link between cholera and water 1854

In 1854 john snow proved that cholera was spread through dirty water and he was very meticulous about and had so much evidence that it spread from one pump in London and there was a women who had cholera who did not live the the area but got her drinking water from there. He also broke the pump for a bit and while it was broken the death rate dropped It was important as he showed that disease could spread through water and gave much evidence to Louis pastures germ theory later.
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The great stink1858

this was when there was a very hot summer in 1858 and the water in the thames lowerd and left the sewage on the banks to boil. The smell was so bad that parliament was abondond for the summer and it was decided that proper sewage system needed to built this links to bazalgette
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Pasteurs germ theory 1861

He studied microorgamisms using new mircoscopes. He was very acoplished in his field so wine industry asked for help to find why some grapes rotted while fermenting. He showed that it was disease causing microorganism and to stop it heat the wine and seal it (pasteurization). Next silk industry asked why silk worms were dying of disease

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bazelgette
After great stink joseph bazalgette created 1300 miles of sewers in seven years and it was completed in 1865

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Sanitary act
after another outbreak of

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Artisans dwelling act

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Public health act

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Jenner + small pox

Jenner created the first vaccination and it was for small pox which killed 1000s. before Jenner children were inoculated which is like a vaccination but much more dangerous and with side effects. This is what happened when Jenner was born, he was deaf. He created a vaccination for small pox with cowpox, he observed that milkmaids who caught cowpox did not get small pox. In 1798 he published his results ,after testing it on a small boy, but the public and other scientists did not agree with his work as he did not understand how it worked and could not be applied to other diseases and were worried about the idea of getting cowpox. The government did not act on it for many years due to the laissez faire attitude but in 1852 did make it compulsory. As Jenner did not know how it worked, could not apply it to other diseases and could not improve it, it could be seen not very important even though it saved many lives. But it did also encouraged people to understand why and helped Louis pasture with his germ theory but at the time did not improve medical understanding
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Robert Koch

pasture

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