Petroleum Engineering 306 Reservoir Rock Properties Lesson 10 - Development of Linear and Radial Flow Equations September 23, 1991 Quote du Jour; Drugs, ... it’s not a black thing or white thing, it's a death thing. - Judd Nelson New Jack City Objectives: (things you should know and/or be able to do) = Be able to derive the liquid flow relation for horizontal, linear flow from the Darcy velocity relation. - Be able to derive the liquid flow relation for inclined, linear flow from the Darcy velocity relation. - Be able to derive the liquid flow relation for vertical, linear flow from the Darcy velocity relation. = Be able to derive the liquid flow relation for horizontal, radial flow from the Darcy velocity relation, Outling - Review our developments for horizontal and inclined linear from the last lecture. - Derivation of linear flow relations. = Discussion of Hubert results (derivation of Darcy's Law from fluid mechanics principles) ~ Coordinate system for Darcy Law (downward flow is positive) = Development of steady-state flow relations using Darcy's Law ~ Horizontal flow = Inclined flow = Vertical flow ~ Vertical free flow = Vertical flow under head (down and up) = Derivation of radial flow relation. ~ Coordinate system for Darcy Law (flow is positive away from well) = Development of radial, steady-state flow relation using Darcy's Law Reading Assignment: Gas Flow in Porous Media, Conversion Factors for Permeability - ABW:71-79 - PETE 306 Course Notes: VII-18 to VI-32 Unda ‘pect us to cover the following this week: = 9/23/91: Development of Linear and Radial Flow Equations = 9/25/91: Flow of Gases in Porous Media and Conversion Factors for Permeability = 9/27/91; Flow in Channels and Fractures, Laboratory Measurement of Permeabil- ityFlot! Flow in Brove Meola O 78 deel revcleyments Veni vet's Law — bigvid Flow lon Recall ow vecults from Sas\nar How in pipes Ue ke dp o Abe lutere ty de the condlutance" of the pipe and is given as 2 2 ‘e, | ber @) a 8 | pe ad @ 32 [We stated bi indvetion that 4ek Ap a | abt 4 valid toe Hao iy puro mesin. We called the perevs media condvetance tem, k, the ermeabi iby, Ubibingy [4 ia Affterentih notation, we have yer k op 9 4k where the minus sibn un fgs matcher the coordinate sgstem used in the ABd/ text (the yuard direction negative), The other gener vation thet we wilh» make ic to we "s" rather Gann" as the Length notation. This yiekde Ye -k dp ) a asOme aezla/ | Simmarisinay what we have so far ue -k ob ts a model for thew th porous media. that ts derived by Unduetion trom tui flow in pipe theory, The appropriate assumptions ave 1 laminar How 2 herizonta Plow (present form , we ath extend te non-horzontd.) & Trcompresci ble Fluid 4, Constant tlvid Viscosity 6 Nor-reactive Llvidy kee constant 4 back ts oot saturated with a sngle todd tn 186, 1, kivey Hobbard! presented a ebassie poper on the derivation of Laver!s law (64,5) trem rigoros toil \mechanics, bie overall result proved that Laren's aw i vabid, aud that the permeability, k, can be elated to the constant Nd® where Wit a ollmansionless i dave factor... de some appropriate Length tat represents the pore stricture of the core, In tact, Hebards contention i to deflae bend= @ Where by. 6 provides a convenient mathematical entation ‘of the strvetvre (whieh be consideved to be uniform Arrouport the core). The point 1s that the permeabiling, k, reprecents an aggregqrate mearsure of the pore stricture, which is no Less accwate than assumingy that How channede of dhameter, d, eist in a partivbar rock,i | | @ m6 sheky \the bbbord reevlt is a2 Wud?) Lop ~ ogg de] Q i ds aes ds | where iy 9H) acconts for non-horieartal. flow, sing the \detinitlon kEnd? we have aye -elp-ey be] é) We te ds where ez latnn gand gx WObes cm sec | | \ i 7; =] pees uo® dyna en i A graphieab. rendering of ig & vs given below! “2 trom trigonometry 42 = de 42 Asxo Zs ads | Fig, |- Coordlinate System tor Dever law | Melina Gut tr the é = she tenn, we pave i tee -k Le - ey shed a x os Where 1 is theoretically fustitied by Heblard werk,® a8 ake lay fbisoogh the theoretical jieitieatior may seem trivial on Wnnecessarty to the casual reader, vt is not, The fact that %.4 ean be derived trom rigoran principhes of (loid mechanics ts ectremely tnportant. The rityorove proot yprevie! by Hubbard means that we may vse &,4,th leombination with kgvations of mass Continituy , and equations of state Lyr tly, 1, compotion), to develae space and tine ‘solutions tor flow throvgh porous media. These solutions we ued to medel reserioir behavior un mobtiple gence dimensions (1,2, or 8 dimensions) over time, Dewebooment_of Steady State Flow Kebations Usiity Darcy's law | bigolel Case It Horlzontal, Linear Flow | Geall the generabieed Davey How relation, £4,4, Le le - epg sined 4) a a tn this cose the flow geometry is illxtraded as 72 | | + « j >. snes0 | | | Fi 2- Coodinate sigetem for Horizontal Linear Flow lose for this case, F4,4 becomes ark op (io)| Gountdna terms i by 10 ques @ 98 ahela | ds = -k ¢ ae: a |Snteg rating, £4), py ig) gies | alae -cbih | 4 a” | ales nk Cpt A he Glo) ek ‘g-p? 4 & | or solving hr 4g | d= kh Gy-g) a | ao | geil ae 2! tpellned Linear Flow tn this care the How geometry is ilustated as tegratiog — slot), plp,p) gles t & phn a Chl epgone Ld] | 2 I Fay, 8 - Coordinate Syster | on tor Inehined Linear | ea o Flaw Case. ° ts mabtiphy ing through by 4 buy ce Aves des adres -k [dp ~eygsineds] ! ‘on | | | iwhlch piekok } 8 qhzlas Lib -k sl oah - cyg sine Cs], i) lo (t-o) = -k c le-p?) - cygsine C-o)] = gte kL£lpy) teygsine hI a a“ sobuhy tor g ylebds ae KALG- g) tegoneL] (a) ab Aiguil ts fase 31 Vertical Flow | za dhis case o/s convenient to vse an altemate form of lar, defined dn terms of the potential, F. the potential us oe ned as | \ } gs p-ofge @) and. Drty law ts deted as a e-2 kh a) 4 ads | ganating and abagentin Z ff “dee ok 2H dg fen = -£ yf a & iL or i g2 4 (£-4) te) abFree Flow Om alehi Fy 4- Vertical Free Flow ¥ E «IW 2) lato 2 ft 9 vent, Bits #6 Cy, Ey, ergu) ab | = kA (eygl) at or ge kA cy9 (le) a lew Under Head LL freseire componsat i i |Peps-Verbical Flaw vedbr Head’ Down) | etna G18 #8 Giant 20° Chem” LG I) ae 2 kh cya (het) at or ws " = cyq (/+4) 0?)|| Youarel Chow Uacler Head Ome akelay Graver component Fi, b ~ vertical. Flos Under Head (yp) | | | | Lecall Eg, 18 ge 6 G-#) Ab = Ka (Ly t egg lhexet) cpg lh I-bg, 46 9x1) or mb qe Hh eygh fis) ab | Liguid Goce s ~ Compressible Fle t | We note that dh volumetric rates s tar assume sneompress bh (Hlew, that bs, the reservole Howrate eguabs the Aowrate at sturduid eordit lens, or 4° te Ga) “owever, this is not typleally the case, for compressible tlw 2 volume charge veeure, In fetvolevm exglvcering we use formation Velie teeters to account for sve changes. Vig the apprepriste formation volume factor we have | 42 heh (eo) where & = Hg,1, composition), The biteral compilation of be Us dlsevsse! in Pere 910. for the pores of this course, we will provide bor simple methods t compte b,O78 tkshy The compressible How concept will become extremely important tn the wert sectlon where we develop ges relations. In the gas case we have i 4 4-7-4 & @ where Gs te T i) ¢ % 4 Ligvid Case 43 Horizontal, badllok Flow tr this case €g,4 becomes qe k de (3) 4 or fecause the tlow vs horizontal and since How vs to the orlgla (as to a well), &, 27 is perltive tn sign. &2¢ can akso be expressed as | tenet tn | Ap ae ae jwhere A, tk the area of a erplindrical shedl of helelnt,h. Ov A. 2 tiveumterence kh = aerh Onbhing Bs, 24 and 28, we cbtall grk ap arh 4a des) @) |gputing Xx f= seth dp wm | Zateq rating rhwre), Ppp) the Lae = inth LA dp r Me 2 I© 76 akes/a) £4, 2- Ladlal Hows geometry with tow towards the well.| O 8 4 leh | 4 blr NE = srkh ple Ma aint Lary) = tath (yp) a | Beeall that Lal) = Ina Amb, thie gives g My) = 2th (p-p) | a | sohuing hr 4 glues ge enkh Ge-t) Ge) Aw dnlb/ry) Sommary ot Liguid Flow Egvations Ineompressible How: 924, | Compressible flow; 4248 | Horvsontak -Non- Horizontal Vertical Free Linsar Flow . binear Flow Clow gh Gog) gh Cig deesgshord geek erg ao AL aL | perbeal Low Verbal Plows Morizontal Lede Ueder Head Coun) _Vader Head (Ug) Flow ge eh epgoet) gz kd opgh ferent | we ae aby) | [orev ¢ Due ‘Aleolat | Derive all of the How equations given oh the table abeve, \Znelode all assumptions tr each relation,