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Drawing Basics
1. The Graphics class: provides pens, brushes and drawing methods. The Graphics
class is included in the System.Drawing namespace. This namespace is
implemented on top of Graphics Device Interface Plus (GDI+). GDI+ is a
Win32DLL (gdiplus.dll).
Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics();
try
{
// code for drawing
}
finally
g.Dispose();
The using block always calls the Dispose() method at the end of the block for
objects created in the using block
4. If drawing methods are implemented in the Paint event handler, use the Graphics
object in the paint event argument e
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
5. If drawing methods are not implemented in the Paint event handler, use the
CreateGraphics() method as shown above and the method Refresh() to call the
Paint event and update the form. For example
6. If drawings on the form are cha nged when resizing the Windows form, add the
following code to the constructor (after the InitializeComponent() method)
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.ResizeRedraw, true);
7. To reduce flicker when drawing with mouse, add the following to the constructor
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.DoubleBuffer, true);
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.UserPaint, true);
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint, true);
The following examples show how to use all Drawing methods available in the
Drawing and Drawing 2D namespaces. Code is added to the Paint event handler. The
form name is MainForm.
1. Drawing Line :
2. Drawing Lines:
4. Drawing Arc :
5. Drawing Pie:
6. Drawing Bezier: A Bézier spline is a curve specified by four points: two end
points and two control points. The curve begins at pt1 and ends at pt2. The
curve doesn't pass through the control points, but the control points act as
magnets, pulling the curve in certain directions and influencing the way the
curve bends
7. Drawing Beziers :
8. Drawing Curve :
Filling Shapes
• Any of the shapes in the Graphics library that contain an interior can also be
filled. Simple shapes such as rectangles and ellipses have obvious interiors. If
a filling operation is applied to an open curve, Graphics will add an extra line
segment to close the curve.
• Drawing a shape requires a Pen and filling a shape requires a Brush.
• Note that filling and drawing are two separate operations . For example,
FillRectangle() produces a rectangle containing only the filled interior
(without any outline of the edges) of the rectangle. To produce a filled interior
and a drawn outline, we need to call FillRectangle() and then
DrawRectangle() in this order.
• Five brushes available for filling shapes are SolidBrush, HatchBrush,
TextureBrush, LinearGradientBrush and PathGradientBrush.
• Two filling modes available for filling a more complex shape (e.g. a
polygon) are FillPolygon() and FillPath().
The following examples can be placed in the Paint event handler of a Windows
Application project using C#. The project name is FillingShapes and the Form1 is
replaced with MainForm.
The first example uses FillPolygon() and the second one uses FillPath(). The
FillMode.Alternate is used. Both produce the same result
The FillMode.Winding is used below. The first example uses FillPolygon() and
the second one uses FillPath(). Both produce the same result
7. Filling a region: a region describes a set of pixels, a pixel is considered either fully
inside, or fully outside the region. Consequently, FillRegion does not antialias the
edges of the region.
Using Pens
The following examples show how to use pens. Code is added to the Paint event
handler. The form name is MainFo rm.
Syntax:
Pens.selectedColor (with a width of 1)
Pen(System.Drawing.Color color, float width)
Pen(System.Drawing.Brush brush, float width)
We can reset the Width and Color attributes after creating the pen
myPen.Width = 2;
myPen.Color = Color.White;
We can also set the DashStyle attribute after creating the pen
myPen.DashStyle = DashStyle.Dash;
Other attributes such as DashDot, DashDotDot and Dot are available.
The LineCap enumeration specifies the type of graphic shape to use on the end of
a line drawn with a pen. The cap can be a square, circle, triangle, arrowhead,
custom, or masked (hidden). End caps can also "anchor" the line by centering the
cap at the end of the line
Using Brushes
The following examples show how to use brushes. Code is added to the Paint event
handler. The form name is MainForm.
2. SolidBrush: The SolidBrush class defines a solid colour Brush object used to fill
in shapes similar to the way a paint brush can paint the inside of a shape.
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
. . .
HatchStyle.Cross
HatchStyle.BackwardDiagonal
HatchStyle.ZigZag
.
4. TextureBrush: The TextureBrush class defines a Brush object that contains an
Image object that is used to fill the interior of a shape
We can use a wrap mode to specify how a texture or gradient is tiled when it is
larger than the area being filled
Syntax:
or
LinearGradientBrush(Rectangle rect, Color color1, Color color2,
LinearGradientMode mode);
or
LinearGradientBrush(Point pt1, Point pt2, Color color1, Color
color2);
Example 1:
private void MainForm_Paint(object sender,
System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
using (Graphics g = e.Graphics)
{
LinearGradientBrush myBrush = new
LinearGradientBrush(
ClientRectangle, Color.Black,
Color.White, (float) Math.PI/4, true);
g.FillRectangle(myBrush, ClientRectangle);
}
}
Example 2:
private void MainForm_Paint(object sender,
System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
using (Graphics g = e.Graphics)
{
LinearGradientBrush myBrush = new
LinearGradientBrush(
ClientRectangle, Color.Black,
Color.White, LinearGradientMode.Vertical);
g.FillRectangle(myBrush, ClientRectangle);
}
}
We can use the LinearColors method to set the starting and ending colors of
the gradient as follows
Example 3: