FACTORISATION - CORRIGÉ

NIVEAU 1
a) facteur commun

A = 7x² – 14 x = x(7x – 14) ou mieux 7x(x – 2) ;

B = – 3x (x + 2) + 5 (x + 2) = (x + 2)(– 3x + 5) ;

C = (2x – 5)2 + 3(2x – 5)

= (2x–5)(2x – 5) + 3(2x – 5)
= (2x – 5)(2x – 5 + 3)
= (2x –5)(2x – 2)

D = 2x (2x + 1) – 6(2x + 1) = (2x + 1)(2x – 6)

b) Identités remarquables : a² – 2ab + b² se factorise en (a – b)² ;

a² – b² en (a + b) (a – b) ;
a² + 2ab + b² en (a + b)²

1. (x + 5)² = x² + 10x + 25
2. (x + 6)² = x² + 12x + 36
3. (4x – 3)² = 16x² – 24x + 9
4. (3 – b)² = 9 – 6b + b²
5. (3x – 2)(3x + 2) = 9x² – 4
6. (5x + 2)(5x – 2) = 25x² – 4
E = x² – 25 = x² – 5² ( forme a² – b² )
= (x + 5)(x – 5)
F = 4x² – 49 = (2x)² – 7² ( forme a² – b² )
= (2x + 7)(2x – 7)

G =(2x + 5)² – 9² ( forme a² – b² , avec a = 2x + 5 et b = 9)

= [ (2x + 5) + 9 ] [ (2x + 5) – 9 ]
= (2x + 14) (2x – 4)
 NIVEAU 2
a)facteur commun

H = (3x – 5)2 + 3x – 5
= (3x – 5)(3x – 5) + (3x – 5) × 1
= (3x – 5)(3x – 5 + 1)
= (3x – 5) (3x – 4)

I = (x + 6)² – 2(x + 6)(x – 1)

= (x + 6)(x + 6) – 2(x – 1)(x + 6)
= (x + 6) [ (x + 6) – 2(x – 1) ]
= (x + 6) ( x + 6 – 2x + 2)
= (x + 6)(– x + 8)

K = (2x + 1)(3 – x) + (x – 3)(3x – 5)

pas de facteur commun… mais deux expressions opposées : 3 – x et x – 3

x – 3 est l’opposé de 3 – x donc x – 3 = – (3 – x)

K = (2x + 1)(3 – x) + (x – 3)(3x – 5)

= (2x + 1)(3 – x) – (3 – x)(3x – 5)
= (3 – x) [ (2x + 1) – (3x – 5) ]
= (3 – x) ( 2x + 1 – 3x + 5 )
= (3 – x) ( – x + 6)

autre méthode : on remplace deux facteurs par leurs opposés dans le produit, cela ne
change pas le résultat

K = (2x + 1)(3 – x) + (x – 3)(3x – 5)

= (2x + 1)(3 – x) + (3 – x)(5 – 3x)
= (3 – x)[ (2x+1) + (5 – 3x) ]
= (3 – x) ( – x + 6)
b)Identités remarquables

 Factoriser :

L = (2x – 3)² – 49 = (2x – 3)² – 7² (forme a² – b²)

= [(2x – 3) + 7] [(2x – 3) – 7]
= (2x + 4) (2x – 10)

1 2
M= x +4 x +16 (forme a² + 2ab + b²)
4
2
1
= (x+ 4 )
2

N = (3x + 1)² – (5x – 2)² → forme a² – b² avec a = 3x + 1, b = 5x – 2

= [ (3x + 1) + (5x – 2) ] [ (3x + 1) – (5x – 2) ]
= (3x + 1 + 5x – 2) (3x + 1 – 5x + 2)
= (8x – 1)(– 2x + 3)

1
P= 4 x 2− x + (forme a² – 2ab + b²)
16
2
1
= ( 2 x− )
4

Q = 16x² – 5 = (4 x ) −( √ 5) (forme a² – b²)

2 2

= (4x + √5)(4x – √5)

R = – 2x² + 16x – 32 = – 2(x² – 8x + 16)

= – 2(x – 4)²