vafre laLdkj ds LFkku ij Hkh >aMk vk/kk Qgjk;k tk,xkA x.

kra= fnol] Lora=rk fnol]

xka/kh t;arh] jk"Vªh; lIrkg] fdlh Hkh jkT; ds o"kZxk¡B ;k jk"Vªh; vkuUn ds fnu]
fdlh Hkh vU; fo'ks"k fnu] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fufnZ"V fd;s x, fnu ij e`rd ds vkokl dks
NksM+dj >aMs dks vk/kk >qdkuk ugha pkfg,A ;fn 'ko dks 'kksd dh vof/k dh lekfIr ls
igys gVk fn;k tkrk gS rks /ot dks iw.kZ eLrwy fLFkfr esa mBk;k tkuk pkfg,A fdlh
fons'kh x.kekU; O;fä;ksa dh e`R;q ij x`g ea=ky; ls fo'ks"k funsZ'k ls jkT; esa
'kksd dk ikyu fd;k tk,xkA gkykafd] fdlh Hkh fons'k ds çeq[k] ;k ljdkj ds çeq[k dh
e`R;q ij] ml ns'k ds çR;kf;r Hkkjrh; fe'ku mi;qZä fnuksa esa jk"Vªh; /ot Qgjk ldrs
gSaA

jkT; ds voljksa] lsuk] dsUæh; v/kZ lSfud cyksa] >aMs ds Hkxok iêh dks 'kh"kZ ij
j[kdj fVdVh ;k rkcwr dks aMs dk lekiu tc >aMk {kfrxzLr gS ;k eSyk gks x;k gS rks
mls vyx ;k fujknjiw.kZ aMs dh xfjek ds vuq:i u"V dj nsuk pkfg, ;k tyk nsuk pkfg,A
frjaxs dks u"V djus dk lcls vPNk rjhdk gS] mldk xaxk esa foltZu djuk ;k mfpr lEeku
ds lkFk nQuk nsukA ljnkj oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy Hkkjr ds Lora=rk laxzke lsukuh FksA Hkkjr
dh vktknh ds ckn os çFke x`g ea=h vkSj mi ç/kkuea=h cusA ckjnksyh lR;kxzg dk usr`Ro
dj jgs iVsy dks lR;kxzg dh lQyrk ij ogk¡ dh efgykvksa us ljnkj dh mikf/k çnku dhA
vktknh ds ckn fofHkUu fj;klrksa esa fc[kjs Hkkjr ds Hkw jktuhfrd ,dhdj.k esa dsaæh;
Hkwfedk fuHkkus ds fy, iVsy dks Hkkjr dk ykSg iq:"k Hkh dgk tkrk gSA vuqØe iVsy dk
tUe ufM;kn] xqtjkr esa ,d ysok ikVhnkj —"kd ifjokj esa gqvk FkkA

os >osjHkkbZ iVsy ,oa ykMck nsoh dh pkSFkh larku FksA lksekHkkbZ] ujlhHkkbZ vkSj
foêyHkkbZ muds vxzst FksA mudh f'k{kk eq[;r% Lok/;k; ls gh gqbZA yUnu tkdj mUgksaus
cSfjLVj dh i

vUr esa ljdkj >qdh vkSj ml o"kZ djksa esa jkgr nh x;hA ;g ljnkj iVsy dh igyh lQyrk
FkhA ckjMksyh lR;kxzg eq[; ys[k ckjMksyh lR;kxzg ckjMksyh ds fdlkuksa ds lkFk
ckjMksyh dLcs esa l'kä lR;kxzg djus ds fy;s gh mUgs igys ckjMksyh dk ljnkj vkSj ckn
esa dsoy ljnkj dgk tkus yxkA vktknh ds ckn ;|fi vf/kdka'k çkUrh; dkaxzsl
lfefr;k¡ iVsy ds i{k esa Fkha] xka/kh th dh bPNk dk vknj djrs gq, iVsy th us
ç/kkuea=h in dh nkSM ls vius dks nwj j[kk vkSj blds fy;s usg: dk leFkZu fd;kA mUgs
miç/kku ea=h ,oa x`g ea=h dk dk;Z lkSaik x;kA

fdUrq blds ckn Hkh usg: vkSj iVsy ds lEcU/k rukoiw.kZ gh jgsA blds pyrs dbZ voljksa
ij nksuks us gh vius in dk R;kx djus dh /kedh ns nh FkhA x`g ea=h ds :i esa mudh
igyh çkFkfedrk nslh fj;klrksa jkT;ksa dks Hkkjr esa feykuk FkkA bldks mUgksus fcuk
dksbZ [kwu cgk;s lEikfnr dj fn[kk;kA dsoy gSnjkckn ds vkijs'ku iksyks ds fy;s mudks
lsuk Hkstuh iMhA Hkkjr ds ,dhdj.k esa muds egku ;ksxnku ds fy;s mUgs Hkkjr dk ykSg
iq:"k ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA mudk nsgkUr gks x;kA blds ckn usg: dk dkaxzsl ds vUnj
cgqr de fojks/k 'ks"k jgkA

nslh jkT;ksa fj;klrksa dk ,dhdj.k eq[; ys[k Hkkjr dk jktuhfrd ,dhdj.k ljnkj iVsy us
vktknh ds Bhd iwoZ laØe.k dky esa gh ihoh esuu ds lkFk feydj dbZ nslh jkT;ksa dks
Hkkjr esa feykus ds fy;s dk;Z vkjEHk dj fn;k FkkA iVsy vkSj esuu us nslh jktkvksa
dks cgqr le>k;k fd mUgs Lok;Ùkrk nsuk lEHko ugha gksxkA blds ifj.kkeLo:i rhu dks
NksMdj 'ks"k lHkh jktokMksa us LosPNk ls Hkkjr esa foy; dk çLrko Lohdkj dj fy;kA
dsoy tEew ,oa d'ehj] twukx< rFkk gSnjkckn ds jktkvksa us ,slk djuk ugha LohdkjkA
twukx< ds uokc ds fo#) tc cgqr fojks/k gqvk rks og Hkkxdj ikfdLrku pyk x;k vkSj
twukx< Hkh Hkkjr esa fey x;kA tc gSnjkckn ds futke us Hkkjr esa foy; dk çLrko
vLohdkj dj fn;k rks ljnkj iVsy us ogk¡ lsuk Hkstdj futke dk vkReleiZ.k djk fy;kA

fdUrq usg: us dk'ehj dks ;g dgdj vius ikl j[k fy;k fd ;g leL;k ,d vUrjk"Vªh; leL;k
gSA xka/kh] usg: vkSj iVsy xka/khth] iVsy vkSj ekSykuk vktkn 1940 Lora= Hkkjr ds
çFke ç/kkuea=h ia- usg: o çFke mi ç/kkuea=h ljnkj iVsy esa vkdk'k&ikrky dk varj
FkkA ;|fi nksuksa us baXyS.M tkdj cSfjLVjh dh fMxzh çkIr dh Fkh ijarq ljnkj iVsy
odkyr esa usg: ls cgqr vkxs Fks rFkk mUgksaus lEiw.kZ fczfV'k lkezkT; ds fo|
kfFkZ;ksa esa loZçFke LFkku çkIr fd;k FkkA usg: çk; lksprs jgrs Fks] ljnkj iVsy mls
dj Mkyrs FksA usg: 'kkL=ksa ds Kkrk Fks] iVsy 'kL=ksa ds iqtkjh FksA
iVsy us Hkh Åaph f'k{kk ikbZ Fkh ijarq muesa fdafpr Hkh vgadkj ugha FkkA os Lo;a
dgk djrs Fks] eSaus dyk ;k foKku ds fo'kky xxu esa Åaph mM+kusa ugha HkjhaA esjk
fodkl dPph >ksifM+;ksa esa xjhc fdlku ds [ksrksa dh Hkwfe vkSj 'kgjksa ds xans
edkuksa esa gqvk gSA usg: dks xkao dh xanxh] rFkk thou ls fp<+ FkhA usg:
vUrjjk"Vªh; [;kfr ds bPNqd Fks rFkk lektoknh ç/kkuea=h cuuk pkgrs FksA ns'k dh
Lora=rk ds i'pkr ljnkj iVsy mi ç/kkuea=h ds lkFk çFke x`g] lwpuk rFkk fj;klr foHkkx
ds ea=h Hkh FksA ljnkj iVsy dh egkure nsu Fkh NksVh&cM+h fj;klrksa dk Hkkjrh; la?k
esa foyhuhdj.k djds Hkkjrh; ,drk dk fuekZ.k djukA fo'o ds bfrgkl esa ,d Hkh
O;fä ,slk u gqvk ftlus bruh cM+h la[;k esa jkT;ksa dk ,dhdj.k djus dk lkgl fd;k
gksA

,d fj;klr foHkkx dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA ,d ckj mUgksaus lquk fd cLrj dh fj;klr esa
dPps lksus dk cM+k Hkkjh {ks= gS vkSj bl Hkwfe dks nh?kZdkfyd iês ij gSnjkckn dh
futke ljdkj [kjhnuk pkgrh gSA mlh fnu os ijs'kku gks mBsA mUgksaus viuk ,d FkSyk
mBk;k] oh-ih- esuu dks lkFk fy;k vkSj py iM+sA os mM+hlk igqaps] ogka ds jktkvksa
ls dgk] dq,a ds esd er cuks] egklkxj esa vk tkvksA mM+hlk ds yksxksa dh lfn;ksa
iqjkuh bPNk dqN gh ?kaVksa esa iwjh gks xbZA fQj ukxiqj igqaps] ;gka ds 38 jktkvksa
ls feysA bUgsa lSY;wV LVsV dgk tkrk Fkk ;kuh tc dksbZ buls feyus tkrk rks rksi
NksM+dj lykeh nh tkrh FkhA iVsy us bu jkT;ksa dh ckn'kkgr dks vkf[kjh lykeh nhA blh
rjg os dkfB;kokM+ igqapsA
ikVhZ esa lnL;rk lkadsfrd 'kqYd dk Hkqxrkus ij lHkh ds fy, [kqyh FkhA ikVhZ dks
fdlh ,d dqyhu laxBu dh u cukdj bls jk"Vªh; turk dh ikVhZ cukus ds fy, blds vanj
vuq'kklu esa lq/kkj ykus ds fy, ,d inlksiku lfefr xfBr dh xbZA xka/kh th us vius
vfgalkRed eap dks Lons'kh uhfr esa 'kkfey djus ds fy, foLrkj fd;k ftlesa fons'kh
oLrqvksa fo'ks"kdj vaxzsth oLrqvksa dk cfg"dkj djuk FkkA blls tqM+us okyh mudh
odkyr dk dguk Fkk fd lHkh Hkkjrh; vaxzstksa }kjk cuk, oL=ksa dh vis{kk gekjs vius
yksxksa }kjk gkFk ls cukbZ xbZ [kknh igusaA xka/kh th us Lora=rk vkanksyu dks
lg;ksx nsus ds fy, iq:"kksa vkSj efgykvksa dks çfrfnu [kknh ds fy, lwr dkrus esa
le; fcrkus ds fy, dgkA

;g vuq'kklu vkSj leiZ.k ykus dh ,slh uhfr Fkh ftlls vfuPNk vkSj egRokdka{kk dks nwj
fd;k tk lds vkSj buds LFkku ij ml le; efgykvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tk, tc ,sls cgqr ls
fopkj vkus yxs fd bl çdkj dh xfrfof/k;ka efgykvksa ds fy, lEekutud ugha gSaA blds
vykok xka/kh th us fczVsu dh 'kSf{kd laLFkkvksa rFkk vnkyrksa dk cfg"dkj vkSj
ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa dks NksM+us dk rFkk ljdkj ls çkIr rexksa vkSj lEeku dks okil
ykSVkus dk Hkh vuqjks/k fd;kA vlg;ksx dks nwj&nwj ls vihy vkSj lQyrk feyh ftlls
lekt ds lHkh oxksaZ dh turk esa tks'k vkSj Hkkxhnkjh c< xbZA

Vkbe if=dk us usYlu eaMsyk dks xk¡/kh ds iq= ds :i esa dgk vkSj muds vfgalk ds vk|
kfRed mrjkf/kdkjh] Hkkjr ljdkj çfr o"kZ mYys[kuh; lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa] fo'o ds
usrkvksa vkSj ukxfjdksa dks egkRek xk¡/kh 'kkafr iq#Ldkj ls iq#L—r djrh gSA usYlu
eaMsyk] lkÅFk vÝhdk ds usrk tks fd tkrh; erHksn ds mUewyu esa la?k"kZjr jgs gSa] bl
iq:Ldkj ds fy, ,d çoklh Hkkjrh; ds :i esa çcy nkosnkj gSaA vkt ftrus Hkh uksV
bLrseky esa gSa muij egkRek xk¡/kh dk fp= gSA

;wukbVsM fdaxMe us Mkd fVdV dh ,d J`a[kyk egkRek xk¡/kh ds t;arh ds miy{; esa tkjh
dh ubZ fnYyh esa xk¡/kh Le`fr ij lgknr LrEHk ml LFkku dks fpfUgr djrk gS tgk¡ ij
mudh gR;k gq;h] ;wukbVsM fdaxMe esa ,sls vusd xk¡/kh th dh çfrek,¡ mu [kkl LFkkuksa
ij gSa tSls yUnu fo'ofo|ky; dkyst ds ikl rkfoLrksd pkSd] yUnu tgk¡ ij mUgksaus
dkuwu dh f'k{kk çkIr dh] ;wukbVsM fdaxMe esa tuojh rhldks jk"Vªh; xk¡/kh Le`fr fnol
euk;k tkrk gSA la;qä jkT; esa] xk¡/kh dh çfrek,¡ U;w ;kdZ 'kgj esa ;wfu;u LDok;j ds
cgkj vkSj vVykaVk esa ekfVZu ywFkj fdax twfu;j jk"Vªh; ,sfrgkfld LFky vkSj
okf'kaxVu Mh-lh esa Hkkjrh; nwrkokl ds lehi ekxZ esa gSaA

Hkkjrh; nwrkokl ds lehi] nf{k.k vÝhdk] tgk¡ ij xk¡/kh dks çFke&Js.kh ls fudy fn;k
x;k Fkk ogka mudh Le`fr esa ,d çfrek LFkkfir dh xbZ gSA xk¡/kh dh çfrek,¡ ekse
laxzgky; yUnu esa] U;w ;kdZ vkSj fo'o ds vusd 'kgjksa esa LFkkfir gSaA xk¡/kh dks
dHkh Hkh 'kkfUr dk ukscsy iqjLdkj çkIr ugh gqvk] gkyk¡fd mudks ik¡p ckj euksuhr
fd;k x;k ftles vesfjdu ÝsaM~l lfoZl dfeVh }kjk fn;k x;k ukekadu Hkh 'kkfey gS]
n'kdks mijkar ukscsy lfefr us lkoZtkfud :i esa ;g ?kksf"kr fd;k fd mUgsa viuh bl
Hkwy ij [ksn gS vkSj ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd iq:Ldkj u nsus dh otg foHkkftr jk"Vªh; fopkj
FksA egkRek xk¡/kh dks ;g iq#Ldkj 1948 esa fn;k tkuk Fkk] ijUrq mudh gR;k ds dkj.k
bls jksd nsuk iM+kA ml lky nks u, jk"Vª Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku esa ;q) fNM+ tkuk
Hkh ,d tfVy dkj.k FkkA

jkt ?kkV] ubZ&fnYyh] Hkkjr esa] ml LFkku dks fpfUgr djrk gS tgk¡ ij xk¡/kh dk
nkg&laLdkj gqvk Fkk fcjyk Hkou ;k fcjyk gkWml] ubZ fnYyh tgk¡ ij xk¡/kh dh gR;k dh
x;h dk vf/kxzg.k Hkkjr ljdkj us dj fy;k rFkk xk¡/kh Le`fr ds :i esa turk ds fy,
[kksy fn;k] ;g ml dejs dks latks; gq, gS tgk¡ xk¡/kh us vius vkf[kj ds pkj eghus
fcrk;s vkSj og eSnku Hkh tgk¡ jkr ds Vgyus ds fy, tkrs oä mudh gR;k dj nh x;hA ,d
'kghn LrEHk vc ml txg dks fpfUgr djrk gSa tgk¡ ij mudh gR;k dj nh x;h FkhA çfr o"kZ
egkRek xk¡/kh ds iq.;frfFk ij dbZ ns'kksa ds Ldwyksa esa vfgalk vkSj 'kkfUr dk
Ldwyh fnu euk;k tkrk gS ftldh LFkkiuk Lisu esa gq;h FkhA os ns'k ftuesa nf{k.kh
xksyk/kZ dSysaMj bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSa] ogka rhl ekpZ dks bls euk;k tkrk gSA

,-ih-ts vCnqy dyke ftUgsa felkby eSu vkSj turk ds jk"Vªifr ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS]
Hkkjrh; x.kra= ds X;kjgosa fuokZfpr jk"Vªifr FksA os Hkkjr ds iwoZ jk"Vªifr]
tkusekus oSKkfud vkSj vfHk;ark bathfu;j ds :i esa fo[;kr FksA bUgksaus eq[; :i
ls ,d oSKkfud vkSj foKku ds O;oLFkkid ds :i esa pkj n'kdksa rd j{kk vuqla/kku ,oa
fodkl laxBu vkSj Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqla/kku laxBu bljks laHkkyk o Hkkjr ds ukxfjd
varfj{k dk;ZØe vkSj lSU; felkby ds fodkl ds ç;klksa esa Hkh 'kkfey jgsA bUgsa
cSysfLVd felkby vkSj ç{ksi.k ;ku çkS|ksfxdh ds fodkl ds dk;ksaZ ds fy, Hkkjr esa
felkby eSu ds :i esa tkuk tkus yxkA

bUgksaus Hkkjr }kjk igys ewy ijek.kq ijh{k.k ds ckn ls nwljh ckj Hkkjr ds iks[kjku
f}rh; ijek.kq ijh{k.k esa ,d fu.kkZ;d] laxBukRed] rduhdh vkSj jktuSfrd Hkwfedk
fuHkkbZA dyke lÙkk:<+ Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ o foi{kh Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl nksuksa
ds leFkZu ds lkFk Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr pqus x,A ikap o"kZ dh vof/k dh lsok ds ckn] og
f'k{kk] ys[ku vkSj lkoZtfud lsok ds vius ukxfjd thou esa ykSV vk,A bUgksaus Hkkjr
jRu] Hkkjr ds loksZPp ukxfjd lEeku lfgr dbZ çfrf"Br iqjLdkj çkIr fd;sA çkjafHkd
thou esa ,d e/;eoxZ eqfLye ifjokj esa budk tUe gqvkA buds firk vf/kd i<+s fy[ks
ugha Fks u gh iSls okys FksA

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buds firk eNqvkjksa dks uko fdjk;s ij fn;k djrs FksA vCnqy dyke la;qä ifjokj esa
jgrs FksA ifjokj dh lnL; la[;k dk vuqeku bl ckr ls yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd ;g Lo;a ik¡p
HkkbZ ,oa ik¡p cgu Fks vkSj ?kj esa rhu ifjokj jgk djrs FksA vCnqy dyke ds thou ij
buds firk dk cgqr çHkko jgkA os Hkys gh i<+s fy[ks ugha Fks] ysfdu mudh yxu vkSj
muds fn, laLdkj vCnqy dyke ds cgqr dke vk,A ik¡p o"kZ dh voLFkk esa jkes'oje ds
iapk;r çkFkfed fo|ky; esa mudk nh{kk&laLdkj gqvk FkkA

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