Elegance in Structures 1

6WUXFWXUDO'HVLJQRID+LJKULVH%XLOGLQJDERYHD0RWRUZD\

+LGHQRUL.$5$6$.,  <DVX\RVKL+,720,  +LURVKL7$.$+$6+,
6WUXFWXDO(QJLQHHU 6WUXFWXDO(QJLQHHU 6WUXFWXDO(QJLQHHU
1,+216(..(,,1& 1,+216(..(,,1& 1,+216(..(,,1&
7RN\R-$3$1 7RN\R-$3$1 7RN\R-$3$1
.DUDVDNLK#QLKRQVHNNHLFRMS +LWRPL\#QLKRQVHNNHLFRMS 7DNDKDVKLK#QLKRQVHNNHLFRMS
  
+LGHQRUL.DUDVDNLERUQ <DVX\RVKL+LWRPLERUQ +LURVKL7DNDKDVKLERUQ
UHFHLYHGKLVDUFKLWHFWXUDOGHJUHH UHFHLYHGKLVDUFKLWHFWXUDOGHJUHH UHFHLYHGKLVDUFKLWHFWXUDOGHJUHH
IURP:DVHGD8QLYHUVLW\-DSDQ IURP7RN\R,QVWLWXWHRI IURP:DVHGD8QLYHUVLW\-DSDQ
+HLVZRUNLQJIRU1,+21 7HFKQRORJ\-DSDQ+HLVZRUNLQJ +HLVZRUNLQJIRU1,+21
6(..(,,1&7RN\R-DSDQ IRU1,+216(..(,,1& 6(..(,,1&7RN\R-DSDQ
 7RN\R-DSDQ 
6XPPDU\
725$12021+,//6LVWKHPDLQEXLOGLQJRIDODUJHVFDOHUHGHYHORSPHQWSURMHFWORFDWHGLQWKH
FHQWHURI7RN\R7KLVKLJKULVHEXLOGLQJKDVDKHLJKWRIPDQGIORRUVDERYHJURXQGIORRUV
EHORZJURXQGDQGP[PLQSODQ,WLVXVHGDVKRWHOUHVLGHQWLDOIDFLOLWLHVRIILFHVVKRSVDQG
FRQIHUHQFHIDFLOLWLHV
7KH VXSHU VWUXFWXUH LV PDLQO\ D ULJLG VWHHO IUDPH ZLWK UHVSRQVHFRQWURO GHYLFHV XVLQJ FRQFUHWH
ILOOHG VWHHO WXEH FROXPQV 7KH XQGHUJURXQG VHFWLRQ LV D PL[HG VWUXFWXUH FRPSRVHG RI VWHHO VWHHO
UHLQIRUFHGFRQFUHWHDQGUHLQIRUFHGFRQFUHWHIUDPLQJV7KHSLOHGUDIWIRXQGDWLRQW\SHLVXVHG
7KHUHPDUNDEOHIHDWXUHRIWKLVKLJKULVHEXLOGLQJLVWKDWWKHPRWRUZD\UXQVWKURXJKWKHEDVHPHQWV
RIWKHEXLOGLQJZKLFKPDNHVLWVWDQGMXVWDERYHWKHPRWRUZD\7KLVFRQGLWLRQLVDQLPSRUWDQWIDFWRU
RIWKHEXLOGLQJGHVLJQ7KHSODQVKDSHLVGHVLJQHGWRILWDORQJWKHFXUYHRIWKHPRWRUZD\
6SHFLDOFROXPQVDWWKHFRUQHUVDUHUHTXLUHGWRDYRLGSODFLQJFROXPQVLQWKHPRWRUZD\7KLVVSHFLDO
FROXPQLVDVLQJOHLQFOLQHGFROXPQLQWKHORZHUIORRUVWKDWEUDQFKHVLQWRWZRFROXPQVLQWKHPLG
IORRUVWRVXLWWKHFROXPQORFDWLRQLQWKHXSSHUIORRUV7KHFDVWVWHHOMRLQWLVXVHGIRUWKHEUDQFKLQJ
SRLQWRIHDFKVSHFLDOFROXPQWRVHFXUHO\WUDQVIHUWKHVWUHVV
.H\ZRUGV +LJKULVH EXLOGLQJV 5HVSRQVHFRQWURO 'HYLFHV 6WUXFWXUHVZLWFKLQJ 7UXVV 5RDG
&XOYHUW6WUXFWXUHDQG8QGHUJURXQG'DPSLQJGHYLFHV

 ,QWURGXFWLRQ
725$12021 +,//6  6KLPEDVKL  7RUDQRPRQ 5H
GHYHORSPHQW 3URMHFW =RQH ,,, LV D ODUJHVFDOH XUEDQ UH
GHYHORSPHQW SURMHFW SURSRVHG IRU WKH 7RUDQRPRQ DUHD RI
7RN\R$QRWDEOHIHDWXUHRIWKLVSURMHFWLVWKDWWKHSODQQHG
/RRS 5RDG 1R  ZLOO FURVV HDVW WR ZHVW WKURXJK WKH
GHYHORSPHQW VLWH DQG XQGHU D FRPSOHWHG VXSHU KLJKULVH
EXLOGLQJ ZLWK D KHLJKW RI  P5HIHU WR )LJV   7KH
/RRS 5RDG 1R  LV RQH RI WKH PDLQ URDGV SODQQHG LQ D
SURMHFW WKDW VWDUWHG MXVW DIWHU WKH :RUOG :DU ,,  7KH
UHGHYHORSPHQW RI WKLV EXLOGLQJ SURMHFW ZLWK D PRWRUZD\
UXQQLQJ WKURXJK ULJKW XQGHU WKH VLWH ZDV SRVVLEOH DIWHU D
ODSVH RI \HDUV ZKHQ FRPSOHWLQJ D ODZ WKDW PDGH SRVVLEOH
WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ RID EXLOGLQJ WKDW LVMXVW RQ WRSRI VXFK D
URDG
7KH SODQQHG EXLOGLQJ LV WR EH HUHFWHG RQ D VLWH RI DERXW
 PDQG LW KDV  IORRUV DERYH JURXQG DQG ILYH
EHORZ JURXQG ZLWK DWRWDOIORRU DUHD RIDERXW  P
$VDPXOWLXVHEXLOGLQJWKHSDUNLQJORWWDNHVXSWKHIORRUV
EHORZ JURXQG VKRSV DQG D FRQIHUHQFH IDFLOLW\ RFFXS\
IORRUV  WR  RI WKH ORZHU OHYHO DQG WKH RIILFHV DUH LQ WKH
)LJ$SSHDUDQFHSKRWR
2 IABSE Conference Nara 2015

IORRUVWRRIWKHPHGLXPULVHVHFWLRQ7KHWKIORRULVWRWDOO\UHVHUYHGIRUWKHXVHRIDVSDFH
WUXVVIRUDGLIIHUHQWDUUDQJHPHQWRIFROXPQVIURPWKHWKIORRUDQGDERYH,QWKHKLJKULVHVHFWLRQ
UHVLGHQWLDO IDFLOLWLHV DUH ORFDWHG IURP WKH WK WR WKH WK IORRUV ZKLOH D KRWHO RFFXSLHV WKH WK
IORRUDQGDERYH
0RVWRIWKHUHGHYHORSPHQW]RQHLVRFFXSLHGE\WKHVXSHUKLJKULVHEXLOGLQJDQGWKHXQGHUJURXQG
VHFWLRQZKHUHDWXQQHOIRUWKH/RRS5RDG1RSDVVHV$VWRU\FRPPHUFLDOEXLOGLQJLVORFDWHGDW
WKH VLWH DQG D ODUJH IUHHVWDQGLQJ HDYH WKDW SURWUXGHV IURP WKH QG IORRU RI WKH KLJKULVH EXLOGLQJ
RYHUKDQJVWKHSOD]DEHVLGHWKHKLJKULVHEXLOGLQJ)LJV
/DUJHHDYH  (-  +LJKULVHEXLOGLQJ 

0RWRUZD\ 

VWRU\
FRPPHUFLDOEXLOGLQJ

)LJ)ORRU)UDPLQJRI6WDQGDUG)ORRUV


 2XWOLQHRIEXLOGLQJDQGVWUXFWXUH
7KH DERYHJURXQG VHFWLRQ RI WKH VXSHU KLJKULVH EXLOGLQJ LV PDLQO\ D ULJLG VWHHO IUDPH VWUXFWXUH
XVLQJ FRQFUHWHILOOHG VWHHO WXEH FROXPQV ZLWK UHVSRQVH FRQWURO GHYLFHV DWWDFKHG DQG WKH
FRPPHUFLDO EXLOGLQJ DQG ODUJH HDYH DUH DOVR VWHHO IUDPH VWUXFWXUHV 7KH XQGHUJURXQG VHFWLRQ LV D
PL[HGVWUXFWXUHFRPSRVHGRIVWHHOVWHHOUHLQIRUFHGFRQFUHWHDQGUHLQIRUFHGFRQFUHWHIUDPLQJV7KH
SRGLXP VWUXFWXUH DUWLILFLDO JURXQG RQ WKH /RRS 5RDG WXQQHO FRQVLVWV RI  PWKLFN SUHFDVW VODEV
7KH LQYHUWHG FRQVWUXFWLRQ PHWKRG ZDV DGRSWHG IRU WKH IRXQGDWLRQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ LQ RUGHU WR UHGXFH
WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ WHUP &DVWLQSODFH SLOHV ZHUH XVHG WR IRUP D SLOHG UDIW IRXQGDWLRQ LQ ZKLFK WKH
SLOHVDQGVSUHDGIRXQGDWLRQEHDUORDGVUHVSHFWLYHO\DFFRUGLQJWRWKHLUULJLGLW\


 5HVSRQVHFRQWURO6WUXFWXUH
$UHVSRQVHFRQWUROVWUXFWXUHZDVVHOHFWHGIRUWKHVXSHUVWUXFWXUHZLWKPîPLQSODQDQGWKH
UHVSRQVHFRQWURO UHVSRQVHFRQWUROGHYLFHV
GHYLFHV DUH SRVLWLRQHG  P  P
LQ GLIIHUHQW VHFWLRQV RI
 P

WKHFHQWHUFRUH$PHJD
 P

IUDPH WKDW FRYHUV IURP

WKH VW VWRU\ WR WKH VW
VWRU\ LV  FUHDWHG LQ
 P

RUGHU WR HIIHFWLYHO\

VXSSUHVV EHQGLQJ
GHIRUPDWLRQ RI WKH
HQWLUH EXLOGLQJ $
FRPELQDWLRQ RI LQFOLQHG
URRILQJ DQG VKLIWHG URRI  P
WRSV WR IRUP D 2IILFH)ORRU $SDUWPHQW)ORRUIORRU
GLVWLQFWLYH URRI IUDPH LV
DGRSWHG DQG DOO WKH )LJ$UUDQJHPHQWRI9DULRXV6WUXFWXUHV
VWUXFWXUHV DUH OLQNHG 
 Elegance in Structures 3

HPSOR\LQJ UHVSRQVHFRQWURO GHYLFHV

)LJ$FRPELQDWLRQRIWKUHHNLQGVRI
UHVSRQVHFRQWURO GHYLFHV LV XVHG RLO
GDPSHUVEXFNOLQJUHVWUDLQWEUDFHV
 DQG IULFWLRQ GDPSHUV  $
UHVSRQVHFRQWURO PHFKDQLVP WKDW WDNHV
DGYDQWDJHRIWKLVNLQGRIFRPELQHGXVH
FDQ VXFFHVVIXOO\ VHFXUH KLJK VHLVPLF
UHVLVWDQFH E\ UHGXFLQJ WKH LQWHUVWRU\
GULIW DQJOH GXULQJ DQ HDUWKTXDNH WR 
PRUH WLPHV OHVV WKDQ WKDW RI FRPPRQ
KLJKULVHEXLOGLQJV)LJ%HVLGHVWKH
RLO GDPSHU LV HIIHFWLYH IRU VPDOO
GHIRUPDWLRQV DQG LWV XVH DOVR UHGXFHV
WKH EXLOGLQJ VKDNLQJ ZKHQ ZLQGVWRUPV
RFFXU GXH WR WKH DGGLWLRQDO GDPSLQJ WR
WKLV GDPSHU 7KXV PDQWDLQLQJ WKH
EXLOGLQJKDELWDELOLW\

 &RQQHFWLRQIRU7LOWHG
&ROXPQFURVVHG6HFWLRQ
7KHWLOWHGFROXPQV\VWHPLVDGRSWHGIRU
WKH QRUWKZHVW VRXWKHDVW DQG VRXWKZHVW
FRUQHUVRIWKHEXLOGLQJIRUWKHIROORZLQJ
UHDVRQV FROXPQV FDQ QRW EH SRVLWLRQHG
DERYH WKH DUHD FRYHULQJ WKH /RRS 5RDG
1RDQGWKHEXLOGLQJFRUQHUVPXVWEH
ILQLVKHG ZLWK VKDUSO\ DFXWH DQJOHV IRU
DHVWKHWLFSXUSRVHV7KLVLVGRQHIURPWKH
WKWRWKHWKIORRUVWZRWLOWHGFROXPQV
RQ HDFK XSSHU IORRU LQWHUVHFW DQG )LJ$UUDQJHPHQWRI5HVSRQVHFRQWURO'HYLFHVDQG
FRPELQHWRIRUPDVLQJOHFROXPQRQWKH 6WUXFWXUHVZLWFKLQJ7UXVV
IORRU EHORZ &DVW VWHHO FRQQHFWLRQV
ZHLJKLQJDERXWWRQVHDFKPD[FUDQHOLIWLQJZHLJKWDUHDGRSWHGZKHUHWKHFROXPQVLQWHUVHFWVR
WKDW WKH VWUHVV FDUULHG E\ WKH WZR XSSHUFROXPQV FDQ EH VHFXUHO\ WUDQVIHUUHG WR WKH VLQJOH FROXPQ
EHORZ)LJ








,QFOLQG&ROXPQ
 &ROXPQVIRUFRXSOLQJDQLQFOLQHGFROXPQV







)LJ&DVWVWHHOFRQQHFWLRQIRUSHULSKHUDOWLOWHGFROXPQFURVVHGVHFWLRQ
4 IABSE Conference Nara 2015

 6WUXFWXUHFKDQJHLQJ7UXVV
7KHEXLOGLQJLVDUUDQJHGLQDGRXJKQXWVKDSHZLWKRXWFKDQJLQJWKHRXWHUEXLOGLQJGHVLJQDWWKHWRS
RIWKHWKIORRU)LJ7REHDEOHWRGRWKLVFROXPQVORFDWHGDWPIURPWKHRXWHUFROXPQDUH
XVHGVHH)LJDQGWKHVHDUHVXSSRUWHGE\WKHVWUXFWXUHVZLWFKLQJIORRUWUXVVHVRIPKHLJKWDW
OHYHO7KHVHVSDFHWUXVVHVDUHGLVSRVHGRYHUWKHHQWLUHDUHDRIWKHIORRULQWZRGLUHFWLRQV
7KHJLUGHUVKHLJKWRIWKHDQGIORRUVLVK 7KHWUXVVGLDJRQDOPHPEHUVKDYH+a
KHLJKWDQGZLGWKDQGDUHLQIRUFHGFRYHUSODWHRQERWKVLGHVWRLQFUHDVHWKHD[LDOVWLIIQHVV
7KHFROXPQFRQQHFWLRQKDVDFRPSOH[VKDSHIRUPHGE\ILYHGLDJRQDOPHPEHUVWKDWDUHDUUDQJHGRQ
WKH IORRU  1RUWKHDVW DQG VRXWKHDVW FRUQHUV 7KH GHWDLOV DUH H[DPLQHG IRU WKH DVVHPEO\ ZHOGLQJ
DQGLQVSHFWLRQSURFHGXUHRIWKHFROXPQFRQQHFWLRQSUHYLRXVWRWKHSURGXFWLRQ)LJ

)LJ6WUXFWXUDO)UDPHIRUIORRU )LJ&ROXPQFRQQHFWLRQ


 ,QFOLQHGURRILQJ
7KHWRSRIWKHEXLOGLQJLVDPDMRUIHDWXUHRQWKHEXLOGLQJH[WHULRUGHVLJQ7KHVORSLQJURRIVIROORZ
WKH HDVWZHVW GLUHFWLRQ DQG KDYH WULDQJXODU S\UDPLGV VKLIWHG VKDSHV )LJ  7ZR NHHO WUXVVHV
FRQQHFWHG E\ WLH WUXVVHV DUH XVHG WR HIIHFWLYHO\ WUDQVPLW WKH URRI IRUFHV WR WKH EXLOGLQJ 7KH URRI
ODUJHVWGLDJRQDOPHPEHUDWWKHWRSLVP7KHVL]HRIWKHGLDJRQDOPHPEHULV+îDQG
KDVUHLQIRUFHGFRYHUSODWHVRQERWKVLGHVWRLQFUHDVHWKHLQSODQHVWLIIQHVV
$VWKHKRWHODFFRPPRGDWLRQKDVDGRXJKQXWVKDSHLQSODQHXQWLOWKHWK)ORRUWKHJLUGHUXQGHU
WKH WK )ORRU ZLWK D KHLJKW RI PP VHUYHV WR VHW XS WKH VWUXFWXUH VZLWFKLQJ SDUW DQG DOVR WR
VXSSRUWWKHWRSIUDPHZRUNRIWKHURRI
NHHOWUXVV WLHPHPEHU NHHOWUXVV GLDJRQDOPHPEHU


)


6WUXFWXUDOFKDQJHWUXVV


)LJ,QFOLQHGURRILQJ
 Elegance in Structures 5

&RXQWHUPHDVXUHVDJDLQVW5RDG9LEUDWLRQ
7KHUXQQLQJXQGHUJURXQG/RRS5RDG1R
FRQQHFWV WKH HDVW VLGH RI WKH EXLOGLQJ DW WKH
VHFRQGEDVHPHQW OHYHO ZLWK DQ XQGHUJURXQG
WXQQHOLQVWDOOHGRXWVLGHWKHGHYHORSPHQWVLWH 5RDG&XOYHUW
DQG WKHQ UHVXUIDFHV RQ WKH ZHVW VLGH RI WKH
VLWH7KHURDGFXOYHUWLVSODFHGRQWKHWRSRI
WKH DUFKLWHFWXUDO EXLOGLQJ  DQG VWUXFWXUDOO\
WKHUH LV QRW DQ\ FRQWLQXRXV SDUW EHWZHHQ WKH
URDGDQG WKH EXLOGLQJ 7KH HIIHFWRI WKH URDG
WUDIILFYLEUDWLRQDVWKHURDGSDVVHVZLWKLQWKH
EDVHPHQW VWUXFWXUH LQ WKH KDELWDELOLW\ LV RI
FRQFHUQ WKHUHIRUH YLEUDWLRQ SURRILQJ
PDWHULDO LV SXW LQWR WKH ZKROH DUHD RI WKH
ORZHU SDUW RI WKH URDG FXOYHUW IUDPH 7KHVH
YLEUDWLRQ SURRILQJ PDWHULDOV KDYH EHHQ XVHG
ZLWK JRRG UHVXOWV VLQFH ORQJ WLPH DJR IRU
UDLOZD\V DQG RWKHU FLYLO HQJLQHHULQJ
VWUXFWXUHV3RO\XUHWKDQHHODVWRPHULVXVHGIRU
LWV H[FHOOHQFH LQ ZHDWKHU UHVLVWDQFH Y L E U D W L R Q  G D P S L Q J  P D W H U L D O
VXVWDLQDELOLW\GXULQJORQJSHULRGV
7KH VWLIIQHVV KDV EHHQ VHOHFWHG VXFK WKDW
UHVRQDQFH GRHV QRW JHQHUDWH 7KLV KDV EHHQ
GRQH FKRRVLQJ WKH YLEUDWLRQ SURRILQJ
PDWHULDOV DQG WKH URDG FXOYHUW VWUXFWXUH
ZHLJKW DQG WKH YLEUDWLRQ SURSHUW\ RI WKH
WUDIILFYLEUDWLRQ)LJ )LJ5RDG&XOYHUW6WUXFWXUHDQG8QGHUJURXQG
%XLOGLQJ6WUXFWXUH


 /DUJH(DYH
$ODUJHIUHHVWDQGLQJHDYHLVLQVWDOOHGRQWKHSOD]DDWWKH:HVWVLGHRIWKHEXLOGLQJ)LJ,WKDV
VN\OLJKWVZLWKRXWHUGLPHQVLRQVRIDERXWPîP,WVWDQGVDWDKHLJKWRIDERXWPDERYHWKH
SRGLXP VWUXFWXUH DQG KDV DQ RYDO VKDSH )LJ  7KH LQQHU IUDPH VHFWLRQ DGRSWV D VLQJOH OD\HU
IUDPHDQGLVFRPSRVHGRIVN\OLJKWJODVV7KHIUDPHLVGHVLJQHGDVDVSDFHWUXVVFRPSRVHGPDLQO\
RIVWHHOSLSHVLQRUGHUWRFDUU\WKHLQQHUIUDPHDQGWRPDLQWDLQLWVRZQKLJKULJLGLW\





,QQHUIUDPH %RXQGDU\IUDPH






 7DSHUHGFROXPQ


)LJ6WUXFWXUDO)UDPHIRU/DUJH(DYH
6 IABSE Conference Nara 2015

 (YDOXDWLRQRIWKHZLQGORDGFRQVLGHULQJWKHDGGLWLRQDOGDPSLQJHIIHFWRI
WKHYLVFRXVGDPSHU
7KH PRGDO DQDO\VLV RQ WKH IUHTXHQF\ GRPDLQ LV SHUIRUPHG IRU WKH EXLOGLQJ XVLQJ LWV VWUXFWXUDO
SURSHUWLHV DQG WKH ZLQGIRUFH REWDLQHG E\ WKH ZLQGIRUFHH[SHULPHQW 7KH VWPRGH LV WKH < D[LV
GLUHFWLRQZLWKVHFRQGVSHULRG7KHQGPRGHLVWKHWRUVLRQGLUHFWLRQZLWKVHFRQGVSHULRG
7KHUGPRGHLVWKH;D[LVGLUHFWLRQZLWKVHFRQGVSHULRG
7ZR G\QDPLF DQDO\VLV PRGHOV DUH SHUIRUPHG WR HVWLPDWH WKH DGGLWLRQDO GDPSLQJ HIIHFW RI WKH
YLVFRXVGDPSHUV
7KH EXLOGLQJ PRGHO ZLWKRXW RLO GDPSHUV DQG WKH PRGHO ZLWK RLO GDPSHUV ZHUH FDUULHG RXW WR
HVWLPDWH WKH DGGLWLRQDO GDPSLQJ HIIHFW RI WKH RLO GDPSHUV 7KH GDPSLQJ RI WKH EXLOGLQJ LV
FRQVLGHUHGDVVWLIIQHVVSURSRUWLRQDOGDPSLQJVHFRQGVORQJ6,1ZDYHYLEUDWLRQWKHSHULRG
 VHFRQGV Ҹ WKH QDWXUDO SHULRG! DSSOLHG WR WKH WZR PRGHOV DV LW FDXVHV VLPLODU GHIRUPDWLRQ
UHVXOWV WR WKH ZLQG ORDG IRU D UHWXUQ SHULRG RI  \HDU ZLQG YHORFLW\ RI PV 7KH DGGLWLRQDO
GDPSLQJHIIHFWRIWKHRLOGDPSHUVZDVHVWLPDWHGFRPSDULQJWKHIUHHGDPSHGYLEUDWLRQUHVSRQVHVRI
WKHVHWZRPRGHOV
7KHUHVXOWRIWKHIUHHYLEUDWLRQUHVSRQVHVPHDVXUHGDWWKHWRSRIWKHEXLOGLQJPRGHOVLVVKRZQLQ
)LJ,WZDVIRXQGIURPWKHUHVXOWVWKDWWKHDGGLWLRQDOGDPSLQJRIWKHRLOGDPSHUVDUHLQWKH
;D[LVGLUHFWLRQDQGLQWKH<D[LVGLUHFWLRQ
)LJVKRZVWKHVWRU\VKHDUIRUFHGLVWULEXWLRQ<D[LVGLUHFWLRQHYDOXDWHGIRUDYHU\UDUHFDVHRI
ZLQGORDG7KHUDWLRRIWKHVWRU\VKHDUIRUFHGXHWRWKHZLQGORDGDJDLQVWWKHRQHGXHWRHDUWKTXDNHV
LV PD[LPXP  ,W FDQ EH FRQFOXGHG WKDW WKH ZLQG ORDG FDQ EH UHGXFHG DERXW  ZKHQ
FRQVLGHULQJWKHDGGLWLRQDOGDPSLQJHIIHFWRIWKHRLOGDPSHUV

㻔㻿㼠㼛㼞㼥㻕 㻔㻿㼠㼛㼞㼥㻕

㼄㼐㼕㼞㻚㻌㻹㼑㼍㼚 㼅㼐㼕㼞㻚㻌㻹㼑㼍㼚
㻡㻞
㼄㼐㼕㼞㻚㻌㻲㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼚㼓
㻡㻞
㼅㼐㼕㼞㻚㻌㻲㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼚㼓 6KDNHZLWKVLQHFXUYH
6,1Ἴ࡛ຍ᣺ &RXQWDGGLWLYHGDPSLQJ
ࡇࡢ༊㛫ࡢ⮬⏤᣺ືࡼࡾ➼౯ῶ⾶ࢆ⟬ᐃ
㼅㼐㼕㼞㻚㻌㻹㼑㼍㼚䠇㼅㼐㼕㼞㻚㻌㻲㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼚㼓 
㼄㼐㼕㼞㻚㻌㻹㼑㼍㼚䠇㼄㼐㼕㼞㻚㻌㻲㼘㼡㼏㼠㼡㼍㼠㼕㼚㼓
㻠㻣 㻱㼍㼞㼠㼔㼝㼡㼍㼗㼑 㻠㻣 㻱㼍㼞㼠㼔㼝㼡㼍㼗㼑  




㻠㻞 㻠㻞 
 

 'HIRUPDWLRQ>FP@

㻟㻣 㻟㻣


㻟㻞 㻟㻞 
ኚᙧFP

㻞㻣 㻞㻣 

㻞㻞 㻞㻞 

㻝㻣 㻝㻣



㻝㻞 㻝㻞

 Z'DPSHUV
࢜࢖ࣝࢲࣥࣃ࣮᭷ࡾ
㻣 㻣 ZR'DPSHUV
࢜࢖ࣝࢲࣥࣃ࣮↓ࡋ
㻔㼗㻺㻕 㻔㼗㻺㻕 
㻞 㻞           
㻜 㻡㻜㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜㻜㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜㻜㻜㻜 㻜 㻡㻜㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜㻜㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜㻜㻜㻜
7LPH>VHF@
᫬้V
&RPSRQHQWVRI;GLU &RPSRQHQWVRI<GLU

)LJ5HVXOWVRIWKHIUHHYLEUDWLRQUHVSRQVH )LJ6WRU\VKHDUIRUFHE\ZLQGORDG
>0D[LPDPIRU<GLUƒ@


 &RQFOXVLRQV
7KH7RUDQRPRQ+LOOVLVDKLJKULVHEXLOGLQJIRUPXOWLSOHXVHDQGZLWKDGLVWLQFWLYHVKDSHWKDWKDV
UHVWULFWLRQVRIDGULYHZD\SDVVLQJWUKRXJKLWVEDVHPHQW7KLVPDNHVLWDVSHFLDOVWUXFWXUHWRGHVLJQ
%HVLGHV WKH EXLOGLQJ VDIHW\ DQG KDELWDELOLW\ LV VDWLVILHG DQG LWV GHVLJQ LV  UDQN JUDGHG XS  E\
LQWURGXFLQJWKHODWHVWWHFKQLTXHVRIYLEUDWLRQFRQWUROGHYLFHV
)XUWKHUPRUH RXU REMHFWLYH WR FUHDWH D EXLOGLQJ ZKHUH FLYLO HQJLQHHULQJ DQG DUFKLWHFWXUH DUH
LQWHJUDWHGLVIXOO\DFKLHYHG
:LWK WKHFRRSHUDWLRQ RIDOO SHUVRQVFRQFHUQHG WKHRSHQLQJ RI WKLV EXLOGLQJZDV KHOG WKLV \HDULQ
-XQHZLWKQRLQFLGHQW:HDUHORRNLQJIRUZDUGWRFRQWULEXWLQJWRWKHHQOLYHQPHQWRI7RN\RWKURXJK
WKLVEXLOGLQJDVDQHZV\PERO