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  • HP67 - Owners Handbook

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    545 vues177 pages

    HP67 - Owners Handbook

    Transféré par

    domjoce201
    mode emploi hp67

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 177
    HEWLETT-PACKARD Owner's Handbook and Programming Guide “The success and prosperity of our company will be assured only it we offer our customers superior products that fill real needs and provide lasting value, and that are supported by a widle variety of Useful services, both before and after sal Statement of Corporate Objectives Hewlett-Packard When Messis. Hewiet! and Packard founded our company in 1939. ‘we offered one superior praduct, an audio osellater. Today, we offer ‘more than 3,000 quality products, designed and bul for sore of the worl's moat discerning customers, 10 wo inroduced our frst scientific calculator in 1967, we've sold aver a milion world-wide, both pocket and dasktop models. Their owners include Nobel laureates, astronauts, mountain climbers, businessmen, doctors, students, and housewives Each of our calculators is precision cratied and designed to solve the problems its owner can expect to encounter thraughout & working etime HP calculators fil real needs. And they provide lasting valve. wen cere fi raciano HP-67 Programmable Pocket Calculator Owner’s Handbook and Programming Guide September 1976 (noe? 90097 Rev. 9776 Poenndin Sieganore © Memes rected Gomoary 1978 Contents ‘The HP-67 Pocket Programmable Calculator . Function Key Index ‘The HP-67 ves Programming Key index .. Meet the HP-67 .... Manual Problem Solving Running @ Prerecorded Program ‘Your Own Program Using this Handbook Part One: Using Your HP-67 Pocket Calculator .. Section 1: Getting Started Display... Keyboard... Keying In Numbers Negative Numbers Clearing .. Funetions ‘One-Number Functions Two:Number Functions Chain Caleulations A Word about the HP.67 ction 2: Display Control Display Control Keys - : Display Number Changes . Scientific Notation Display Fixed Point Display . Engineering Notation Display .... ‘Automatic Display Switching ....... Keying In Exponents of Ten Calculator Overtiow . Error Display Low Power Display . Sbepsatbaas seeeeses Section 3: The Automatic Memory Stack ‘The Stack . Initial Display ss Manipulating Stack Contents | 7 7 Reviewing the Stack = . Exchanging xand yoo... sco ee scene ‘Automatic Stack Review oo. esc sec es Clearing the Display: . otras + The REM Key ..... One-Number Functions and the Stack . . Two-Number Functions and the Stack Chain Arithmetic... : Order of Execution .... aewa eevee ee . WAST Xoo. : Recovering trom Mistakes. Recovering @ Number for Calculation Constant Arithmetic... a Section 4: Storing and Recalling Numbers Storage Registers .. ‘Storing Numbers . Recalling Numbers . ‘The I-Register ....... Protected Secondary Storage Registers ‘Automatic Register Review . Clearing Storage Registers Storage Register Arithmetic ‘Storage Register Overflow Section 5: Function Keys ‘Number Alteration Keys , Rounding a Number... Absolute Value Integer Portion of a Number .. Fractional Portion of a Number... Reciprocals . . - . Factorials 60... eee ares ‘Square Roots . . a eva. SigiAIAG ccs snncconenssimeemavuneresen Using Pi... . . . . Percentages .. Sees Percent of Change 2. .).csseseeees Trigonometric Functions... ..6+++ Degrees/Fadians Conversions .. ‘Trigonometric Modes... Functions... Hours, Minutes. Seconds:Decimal Hours Conversions . Adding and Subtracting Time and Angles ...... Polar/Flactangular Coordinate Conversions «s+. Logarithmic and Exponential Functions... 0.00. +. SSt8ess Logarithms. auniaeabys 103 Raising Numbers to Powers 0.02. .ccscjcsescces a 10M Statistical FURCHOMS 5... coc estecveeesvsereesee es 107 ‘Accumulations pion ie sae 107 Mean ....... abeterentrecrssecacasn AIT Standard Deviation woe co NB Deleting and Correcting Data. NB Vector Aritheetic GRRE Part Two: Programming the HP-67 124 Section 6; Simple Peden a 123 What Is a Program? ..... e poseaeee Fb Loading a Prerecorded Program Stopping a Running Program .. Looking at Program Memory»... Roycodes 2... cesccesess Detauit Functions .,., Problems... : Clearing a Program . Creating Your Own Program The Beginning of a Program... Ending a Program . The Complete Program ....- Loading a Program ..........- 3 137 Flunning a Program ........,00 sscsssevesesseee Searching for a Label... oes csevceseseesseese AST Executing Instructions oo... ecco vcyceee seen 19 Labels and Step 000 . 140 Fioncharts . ieee ees 141 Problems . .. - ih wieauebe: 14a Seetlon 7): Program Taltlag s:--..0. cM Nonrecordable Operations .......--...5 veseven WAT Pythagorean Theorem Program ....0).c0cc;s0escce000) 149 Initializing @ Program ....... cee Running the Program... 5... Resetting to Step 000 . Single-Step Execution of a Program Modifying a Program - Single-Step Viewing without Execution Going to a Step Number .. Stepping Backwards through a Program, Running the Modified Program... ..- Deleting an instruction ......... Problems... Section 8: aaa Your Program Leonseu Using Pausing ina Program Pausing to View Output . Pausing for input . Scetion 9: Branching ...... Unconditional Branching and Looping Problems. . “ Conditionals and Conditional | Branches Problems....-..... . cones Section 10; Subroutines ....,.... Routine-Subroutine Usage, Subroutine Limits, Problems. Section 11: Controlling the [-Register Storing a Number int... we Exchanging # and 1.0... ooo e eevee Problems... cn Section 12: Using the |-Register for Indirect Control ....... A oe Indirect Display Contral Siaeers es Indirect Store and Recall soe Indirect incrementing and Decrementing of Storage Registers... UI Indirect Control of Branches and Subroutines ses beves Rapid Reverse Branching ........ i « . Problems, sancies z a 150 151 151 +152 154 155 157 158 160 . 161 . 168 169) ceeseee nee 168 172 172 175 179 179 - 182 185 192 197 204 - 206 208 213 213 218 - 215 - 220 228 225 238 238 24a 250 Section 13: Flags —.....-0-..-.-.-- oo 288: ‘Command-Cieared Flags Soge EAE ae Test-Gleared Flags ...........sss.ceseeseeseveceseee B58 Data Entry Flag oe - 260 Problems .... fee BBB: Seetion 14: Card Reader Operations sreververe it Magnetic Cards .... oe sess ATT Program Cards .. ean Rte Fiecording a Program onto @ Card... are Reloading a Recorded Program trom a Gard 273 Merging Programs .....csccsescsssesveee are Protecting a Card 2.2... csccssecneeeeseeseeess ee B78 Marking a Card ‘ bedeeee! . 278 Dain Care ea csvais tuida weLoaversasiistudea cotine BED Recording Data onto @ Gard... cs .c.ceecc eens 27 Loading Data from a Gard.......... sees oo 281 Merged Loading of Data .... cere ees BBE Pausing to Read a Card te 2382 Seetion 15: The HP-67 and the HP-97: Interchangeable Software . Keycodes ..... E Print and Automatic Review Functions . ‘A Word about Programming wt Appendix A: Accessories . Standard Accessories ...... Optional Accessories ..... ae Appendix B: Service and Maintenance ..........310 Your Hewlett-Packard Calculator... Spin chy alt Battery Operation .. ee earaant Recharging and AC Line Operation 23 Battery Pack Replacement... 2.2. ..2-- 313 Battery Care... soe seeee sees Janse Magnetic Card Maintenance... 2. ccs. ccce necro 1S Service covets woe NB Low Power... cccsescsee TE ate Blank Display... samen lS Blurring Display ......- voeeeeeee SIT Improper Card Read Operation. oo... oe IT Temperature Range... cee. soisiscere NB The HP-67 Warranty .escsccsseee paciaurececs tl Full One:Year Warranty Cae Programmable Pocket Calculator Obligation to Make Changes ” . wo B18 Repair Policy pacisices fo 18 Function Key Inde: Soeur seteatsete Be Manual AUN Mode. WPRGN-AUN switch wrmca METI} 9UN set :0 FUN. Sere Rees ones cease ate Function keys pressed from the keyboard execu ndvdual uncon as they heroes... * * {are pressed. rout numbers and anowors rv capayed. Al tunctonfoys tal Further Information <—.. colar ‘algu operate eaher tom the kajboard or as ecoréee nsritons i & program G3 OF tions .., ay 320 Renenehs 5 eaesrer ones corr Mion Power igh Entry EE) Leaves ony Appendix D: Stack Lift and LAST X sere Baw ‘awich (page 27). (EEN emvers acopy _lactonal portion of BEDOK UMN cose oese ionnare a oo BRB ‘otnumberindisplayed —UTBer in displayed test x A stint vermouMTE on giturberin pled eect oy rut Program med anteh Xetra ingimtoger Berton Appendix E: Calculator Functions (page 124). separate numbers (page 87). and Keycades . . cove eeeee BBM Defsult Functions «(Page 58). Gel Rpedemscieee G sane vetonnees . OEE Changes sign of pone encral Index 333 HER Croren sit Kester io old Datasttncons—— tgresiamearet alge sen nite Serenade anes eRster (page za), Pay (page BS). ine iisteora Sere FFE} Enter exponent, Number Manipulation Boon loaded hio pt: ‘Aer pressing nett} fois up contents (gram memory. Dupli- numbers keyed in are ‘of stack for viewing in ated by other ‘exponents of 10 displayed X-epster eee caea (page 48). (page 55). orograrinieg o , ual use {page ) trough (2) Dist =) Ralis. dawn con- SE eee ee meemanen tngin oeplayeo X- Sack rence Flashes Teor (page 64) Prete K ontents of sack in aoe oe barr2 rem Ge hnars Il Pressed betore blinking decimal point registers of stack [okie Alara {page 58). (page 55). neti pi tT re hay (page 28): eee GH com ee Ce eae toed valve of number in Ea is on ey, Seles aplyed X roger Percentage tue function pried (page 8). D Computes i of y below key (page 28). [= Leaves oniy {page 90). BD Prosead batora ‘nleyer portion of nue Computes per Diack lunes pried too by tances Sea eee eee ay eee on page 122 courtesy of NASA, on slanted key face fractional portion ee tonumber in displayed jesearch Center. (page 28). (pege 88). X-register (page 91). 8 Storage FR Lregster Statiaties GE Store Fotowes — Sctres8 appeare hy pocumuates The H-67; Dyaccectiy, core Slerpacading con. A and Gepisyed rurberin (NS of Sane ‘registers nio sec. pana sora eo (pege crdary eorage Fe). sete: ‘ser (Ro ihroug A, Istrs Fy, trough Pas Automatic Memory Stack Retoogh Red tose 107), Registers eerie ne eee. Display Control == Subtract x Bom serge rg: values Wore sor Program Memory z ‘ster arthmetc (2) Selects foxect oe Et Fogjeters Ra, through me Yoo (page 72). ors Sorkey Ran tor (age 46, Cesc Se or a” Recall. Followed nimi ortries aos Gacenterecm § Gooamm seen rue ems tific notation display (page 116). ‘ons ae] Olaplayed X. umber om Brmaty (page 43) Gi) conpues storage register yee om es rough, through — GSalectsengi-—_—faverage) of x and y ms __s Ry.)épecihedintothe neering notation die- values accumyulatod isplayed X-register Piay (page 46), by (pege 191), (page'72) [ED Fotiowed by —--G) Computes sari er a number key, selects sane onieates i fa Clears con umber of ehsplayed mand y values. 22 - wasTx tants of al primary ioits (page 42). accumulated by (S) fae sue fotos (ope 13, vOugh Ry Og 2 _sel Ri, 1) 19 2000 Mathematics Pelacmactingstie ; Computes ectorat Conversion ‘of number in asplayed Converts Sager gata’ CO comers ey, fates placed in X- and the previous operation Computes re- ete Addressable Storage Registers Dackinotbecpiayed Gprccal otrumberin — aetncer and ange Primary Registers Xcregistor (page 67). ane 2 (page 99). adie [2 Convers poter Primary ox: © Computes square tragntude’ and angle change secondary, ol number in displayed: @in K-and ¥-rogistors: Exchangos contents Xeragistar (page 88). 10 yectangular « andy ‘ol primary sorage fog: coordinates (page tis Rehrousr he” (=) Computes squnre Say" with contents of pro- ere ae in dis- leetog tacondsry Biayed Xregster a or a Set og. Followed M4 SF) ol (Gage 74) Gpuces vane ofp By tag designator e- Sepaat Kees 4, 2, oF 3), sets flag 4 oplayed Xwogsar (ue (page 258), Tee revlon Flares, aDP ES F) Claas ting, Fotow- cumeceoe § OO8 ‘by fing designator registers in order Ris Anthmetic operators: (@. 1. 2, oF 3), dears NOUN A,.Rythcugh (page 32). ‘sg (page 255), 9 Talgonometry (E255) Converis ‘aeimal Mours or de- aoceean th Cane] Aas ners, ‘minut@é, seconds, or degrees, minutes, ‘seconds in register to those in cspiayed K-rogister (page 96). Gor J ford Cond Computes are sine, are casing, oF arctan ‘gent af number in Gisplayed X~rogister (page #3), GG} com ‘utes sine, cosine, o” fengert of value in cispiayed X~eaister (oage 93). EB converts desrees TOradtans (page 92) Converts radians: Basson oage Ba BEB) Sets decimal segees mods tor Ingonometrictunctons (page 93). AD) Sete radians ‘mode for rigonomettic functions (page 93). ‘ano: Seis grads mode for trigonometric functions (Page 3). Indirect Canta! STH Stored. Stes number Hegster (age 73)- C1 Recalt. Recals umber from Feqister (page 73). (0 when preceded by aaa, Gi. G3, Edo GEM. he ‘sd6'008 or cont waive for thal foretion is soociied by the cara narnbor in 1 (page 223) 1 increment and ‘ip 2ero, Ads 110 contents of 1. Skips ‘ne step i contents fare then zero (poge 218). ZB increment) ‘and sip W rere. Acs 1 to contents of si ge rege epecitog by value in 1 Skips ne step if contents ‘are then nero (page 238), 2 Detrement tend ‘ip if 2070. Subtacts 1 fom contents of 1, ‘Stops one stop if con tents are then zero (page 215) 3 Decrament () and ship # zero, Sub {eaots rom contents of siorage register ‘specified by value in I, Sheps eno tap F ean torts are then Zoro (page 238. {Xt Exehangos-on- toris of spayed X- register with those of register (page 214). Logarithmic and Exponential G5 raises number in ‘Yregatet to power of ‘number in displayed Xregster (page 104). C5) common anti- agar, Raises 10 10 power of number in displayed K-rogisler «page 103). © Natural an arith. Raises ¢ 716281828) to ipower of number in ‘displayed Xrogistor «page 100), [3 GComautes com ‘man logarthe (base 10) of number in i> splayed Xcregister (page 103) (2) computes newt tase © 2730. Jot number displayed Xerogiter (page 103). SS ta magnetic ‘cards passed ihrough the card reader i: mocately after ‘operation, ihe con- ‘ents of the storage registers are recorded ‘on the card (page 279) (GED Merses, ratherthan overwrites, data or program tom ‘magnetic card with data or program in calculator (page 275). Programming Key Index ‘Automatic RUN Mode PAGM BUN switch wencea BIT Rox swicheaitoWiPRGM || set to RUN. wencw (ITE Fun Function keys may be executed a5 part of ‘Alt function keys ax || receded program or ncvidualy Oy pressing ceptthe Sdefauitkeye |] from te kayoourd. Inpu numbore and and the funcbons Answers are daplayed by the eaiulator, Shownbeionareload- |} excent where incicatod, Data or nstrucions ‘aime program Teaded lrom magnetic card ino ealculator ‘memory when pressed. Program memory con- tents racorded upon ‘magnetic card when ‘aid passed through ‘card reader. whan card is pessed through card reader. ‘Active keys: In PROGRAM mede only tv operations are ‘active. These opera. lions are used to help acord programs, and cannot themselves o2 Tacordod in program memory, Pressed from keyboard: o650G OOo User-cefinable keys. Cause caiculator 0 ‘through program ‘meriony to fst cesig- ‘ated label and begs ‘execution there, (page 137), nated label, and ra- ‘sume execution there (page 193), DOOOO ae eignirs. Operate cea aclabel Coa fae ete eve. except they are pre- ceded only by 3, Ga. ona a oage 129. 10 PROGRAM Mode Active keys: (GD Go to. Falowed byl) GG) LE) post: LORS calculator te step ‘nan of program ‘rvemory! Ne instruc ons ate executed (page 157). Pressed trom ‘the keyboard: Go te Followed by] ) fe sei ealeuiior fo step nan of program memory ‘wlnout executing sn stuctons. Followed by abe! designator (OV row.) through fB @), (0) through (9) orf) Causes calculator io search dowaward {hreugh program ‘memory to fist dos- ignated label ard stop there (page 173). G3 Eco Subroutine: Followed By label des'gnaton (‘ a ceo” through (3). 1), causes calculator to ‘Sar exceu0ng in- siructions, beginning with sesignatod label {page 207. fat) Retu, Sets Ccaleulator to slop 000 {f program memory (page 152). Executed as a recorded program instruction: GD Go to. Foltoweds by labol designator (C3 wrough © wrought ©.) ‘rough (3)) or causes calculator to stopexecution. search through progeam memory to first des ignated tabel. and re sume execution there (bage 179) EC) C3 soto subroutine, Followed Boece (GS vvrougn G () trough (2), (2) through (3)) or £0, causes calculator to search through pre gram memory to frst designated label and oxecutethat section! program memory a8 a subroutine (page 187). etn) Return If exo: Guited as a result of procsing label desig nator er execution ofa insietion, stops execution and returns control fo Keyboard, If exeauied as areault of instutin. re urns control to next step alter tne (3) instruction (page 138). "1 PROGRAM Node ‘Active keys: (39) Crear pro- ‘ram. Clears program memory to al (2/3) instructions, sets Calculator to step 000, Sears al fags, and Species FIX 2 and DEGREE modes (page 132). (857) Back step, Mowes calculator back one step in program memory (page 158). EGR Single stop, ‘Mowes calculator fore ward one step of Program memory (page 185). ‘Automatic RUN Mode Pressed from keyboard: C22) Aner fh pro: Thx key, cancials that tay. Attor other Keys, does nothing, Does not distur program memory or ealculator status (Page 147). 857) Back step. Sets taleulator to and dis- playsstepnumber and keycode of previous program memory step ‘when pressed:cispiays} ‘original contents of X-regisier whon released. No instruc: tions re executed (page 158). Singee step. Displays stop number ‘and keycode of eur- {ont program memory ‘step when pressed: ‘executes instruction, ‘displays result, and (eause) stops pro- ‘gram execution and {ranstars control to keyboard ter! eocend, then resumes program execution (page 172). Baea Bi@es Conditionals, Each teste value in regis tor agamst 0 oF value In ¥-ragister as indi- Caled. Hine, caloula= tor executes instruc tion in next step of program memory. false, eaiculalor stops ‘one step before re PROGRAM Mode | ‘Automatic RUN Mode Rative keys: Prossed from Executed as & the keyboard: recorded program instruction: ( Fiash x. Pauses To dispiay contents of Xvregister for 5 | onds. Used to write down answers or to iniertace programs with HP-97 Program. imable Prining Calculator (page 472), (GRACE] Execvied as grams with HP-97 Progammatie Printing Calculator (page 304). 5) Runsstop. Begins] (E75) Runistop: Stops execution romcurrent| program execution siep of program mem-| (page 168) | Ory, Stops execution i program is running (page 168). DEL Delete. Deletes ||[DEL Aor) prottx Gutrent instruction key, cancels that key tom programmemory, || Alter other keys, oes All suDsequont in- nothing. Does not structions moved up || disturb program one stop (page 161). |} memory or calculator Hiatus (page 161). Any key. Pressing ‘any kay on the key. board stops execution ‘of a running program 13 Meet the HP-67 Congratulations! With your purchase of the HP-67 Programmable Pocket Calculator, you have acquired a truly versaile and unique celeulating instrument. ‘Using the Hewlett-Packard RPN logic system that clices with ease through the most difficult equations, the HP.67 is without parallel: ‘As a scientific calculator. As a scientific calculator, the HP-67 features. multiple-entry keybourd with each of the 35 keys control- ling up to four separate operations, ensuring maximum computing power in a pocket instrument. Asi problem-solving machine. Anyone who-can follow simple step by-step instructions ean use the prerecorded magnetic casds it the Standard Pac and the optional application pacs from the areas of engineering, mathematics, finance, statistics, medicine, and many other fields, Immediately! ‘As a personal programmable calculator. The HP-67 is s0 easy to program and use that it requires no prior programming experience or knowledge of arcane programming languages. Yet even the most sophisticated computer experts marvel at the programming features of the HP.67: ‘= Magnetic cards that record data or programs—permanently, ‘= 26 data storage registers = 224 steps of program memory. ‘= Fully merged prefix and function keys that mean more pro- ramming per step. = Easy-to-use editing features for correcting and modifying programs, = Powerful unconditional and conditional branching. v= Three levels of subroutines, four flags, 20 easily-accessed labels, ‘s Indirect addressing, 15 16 Meet the HP-6? ‘And in addition, the HP-67 can be operated from its rechargeable battery pack for complere portability, anywhere. Now let's take a closer look at the HP-67 to sce how easy it is to use, whether we solve @ problem manually, usc onc of the sophisticated prerecorded programs from the Standard Pac, or even write our own program, Manual Problem Solving To get the fee! of your HP-67, try a few simple calculations. Firs set the switches that are located at the top of the keyboutd as follows: Set the OFF-ON switch or#[MlJon to ON. Set the WIPRGM-RUN switch wenctaiI}au to RUN. To solve: S+o-0 0 A Ge i S+2-s Gl Sa am T-403 Boe os 9x8 =72 B=E{s ae Lo» Bae Sine of 30° = 0.50 Gid Ged GB ES a Now let's ty something a litle more involved, To calculate the surface urea of a sphere, the formula A rd? can be used, where: A is the-surface area of the sphere, is the diameter of the sphere, 17 is the value of pi, 3.141892654, Ganymede, one of Jupiter's 12 moons, has a diameter of 3200-miles. ‘You can use the HP-67 10 manually compute the ates of Ganymede. Merely press the following keys in order: il ret Display aa [G20 Diameter of Ganymede. 2a (i9zs0000-60 —} Square of the diameter. ao (34) The quantity a ‘Area of Ganymede in square miles. Meet the HP-67 17 ‘As you will see, these same keystrokes can be used to write @ program for the HP-67 that will salve for the area of any sphere But first let's look at @ prerecorded program, one of the fifteen in the Standard Pac shipped with your calculator Running a Prerecorded Program ‘The Standard Pac shipped with your calculator contains 15 prere corded magnetic eards, and each card contains « program, By using cards from the Standard Pac (or from any of the optional application pacs, available in arcas like finance, statistics, mathematics, engi- neering, or medicine) you cua use your HP-67 to perform extremely ‘complex calculations just by following the cockbook-style directions in each pac. Let's try running one of these programs now I. Select the Calendar Functions program from the Standard Pae ard esse. si 2. Ensure that the W/PRGM-RUN switch wencie IMEI] won is set to RUN. 3. Insert side 1 of the Calendar Functions card, printed side up, into the card reader slot on the right of the calculator as shown, When the card is partially into the slot, a motor engages and passes the card through the calculsior and out a similiar stot (on the left of the calculator. Let the card move freely 18 Meet the HP-67 4. The calculator display should read [CF to prompt you that side 2 of the ear must be read! in, 5. Now insert side 2 of the calendar functions card, again face up, into the ead reader slot on the right side of the calculator and permit it to pass through the card reader to the rear of the Calculator 6. If after either pass of the card through the card reader, the cbsplay shows [Ef@r——], that side ofthe card did not read properly, Press GB then Insert that side of the card into: the card reader slot and let it pass thvough again, 7, ‘When both sides ofthe eard have been read properly, the display ‘will again show the previous answer 8, Insett the card into the window slot, as shown, The markings fon the card should be diectly over the keys marked $52 SB SW The markings, or mnemonics, on the Soe identify the Function of each of these five keys You are now ready to use the program. Example: How many days are there between September 3, 19a and November 21, 1975? Solution: The figure on the next page duplicates the user instructions for the Calendar Functions program. These instructions can also be found in the HP-67 Standard Pac, just as can the instructions for the other 14 programs in the pac Meet the HP-67 19 To solve the problem, just follow the User Instructions, beginning with step 1, Since you have already performed step 1, and you do not wish to perform step 2, you cominue on to step 3, There you input the first date in the format mm.ddyyyy. (This means you key jn the date as the month, from 00 ta 12, then a desimal point, then the day as dd, and finally the year as yyy.) Thus, to key in September 3, 1944: Press Display oposiss, ——_[o509998 20 Meet the HP-67 Reading across the line, you can see that after you input the first date (DT,), you are directed under the Keys heading to press (3 Press Display 2 Julian day number (number of days since the inception of the Julian calendar). Now follow the instructions for the second date (DT;) which is November 21, 1975. Press Display 1.211975 [arairers) a [zaazrae. | (Gulian day number used by astronomers.) Now you move to step 4, which gives the key you press for cal- a You can see that to calculate the days between dates, you press: Press Disphyy 2 ‘The number of days between September 3, 1944 and November 21, 1975 is 11401 You can run the program again as often as you like, With the calendar program, you can calculate the days between dates, the weeks between dates, or even the day of the week on which any date falls. ‘You have seen from this example how simple itis to use your HP-67. You can begin using your Standart Pac, or any of the optional applications pacs, right now. All you have to do to begin taking advantage of the calculating power and programmability of the HP-67 is follow simple instructions like these. Meet the HP-67 21 Your Own Program Earlier, you calculated the surface ares of Ganymede, one of Jupiter's 12 moons. Now, if you wanted the surface area of each moon, you could repeat that procedure 12 times, using a different value for the diameter d each time. An easier and faster method, however, is to create a program that will calculate the surface area of a sphere from its diameter, instead of pressing all the keys for each moon. To calculate the area of a sphere using 4 program, you should first create the program, then you must load the program into the cal- culator, and finally you run the program to calculate cach answer. If you want to save the program, you can record it permanently on a magnetic card. Creating the Program. You have already created it! A program is nothing more than the series of keystrokes you would exceute to solve the same problem manually. Two additional operations, a label and a return are used 10 define the beginning and end of the program. Loading the Program. To load the keystrokes of the program into the ealeulator: Slide the W/PRGM-RUN switch wence [IIMMeun to W/PRGM (program) Press 88 2B to clear the calculator. Press the following keys in order. (When you are loading a program, the display gives you information that you will find useful later, but which you can ignore for now.) BB & Defines the beginning of the program. ea These are the same keys you pressed 10 solve the BF problem manual. = BQ ®__ Defines the end of the program. ‘The calculator will now remember this keystroke sequence. 22 Meet the HP-67 ‘Running the Program. To run the program to find the srea of any sphere from its diameter: 1. Slide the W/PRGM-RUN switch weno} back to RUN. 2. Key in the value of the diameter. 3. Press (to run the program. When you press 2}, the sequence of keystrokes you loaded is auto- matically executed by the caleulator, giving you the same answer you would have obtained manually. For example, to calculate the area of Ganymede, with a diameter of 3200 miles: Press Display 3200 2 [a2te9906.78 | Square miles. With the program you have loaded, you can now calculate the area of any of Jupiter's moons—in fact , of any sphere—using its diameter. You have only to leave the calculator in RUN mode and key in the diameter of each sphere for which you want the area, then press $3. For example, to compute the surfice area of Jupiter's moon lo, with a diameter of 2310 miles: Press Display 30 16769652.56 _] Square miles. For the moons Europa, diameter 1980 miles, and Callisto, diameter 3220 miles: Press Display 1950 ‘Area of Europa in square miles. 32208 (Gas7326927__] Ares of Callisto in square miles Meet the HP-67 23 Programming the HP-67 is that easy! The calculator remembers a series of keystrokes and then executes it at the press of a single key. In fact the HP-67 can remember up to 224 separate operations (and many more keystrokes, since many operations require two or three keystrokes) and execute them at the press of one of the Label keys. By using, say, label A for one program, label B for another, etc. yourcalculator can contain many different programs atone time. Recording the Program. Just ss the programs in the Standard Pac have been permanently recorded an magnetic cards, s0 you can record your program on a magnetic card, To record your program: 1. Select a lank, unprotected (unclipped) magnetic card. 2, Slide the W/PRGM-RUN switch wencw [IIIa to WIPRGM. 3. Insert side 1 of the card into the right card reader stot on the calculator. Permit the card to passthrough the card reader tothe left of the calculator, Since your program contains fewer than 13 instructions, you need to pass only one side of the card through the card reader. Your program is now recorded on the ‘magnetic card. 4. Be sure to mark the card so you don’t forget what program is on the card and what keys control the program. The marked card might look like this when you are through: SPHERE SURFACE AED aa. 5. ‘The program now on the card will remain there until you record another program over it. To save the program permanently, so that no other program can be recorded on the card, clip the comer of the card nearest side 1: Son - saee = SPHERE SURFACE AREA yy) gah orsacies 24 Moat the HP-67 ‘That's all there is to it! You can reuse the program as often as you like—merely pass the card through the card reader with the W/PRGM-RUN switch set to RUN each time you want 0 load this program into the calculator Using this Handbook New to Hewlett-Packard Calculators? Part One of this handbook has been designed to teach you f0 use your HP-67 as a powerful scientific calculator. By working through these sections of the handbook, you'll learn every function that you can use (0 calctlate answers manually, and you'll come to appreciate the calculating sfficiency of the Hewlett-Packard logic system with RPN. And since the programmability of the HP-67 stems from its ability to remember a series of manual keystrokes, Part One, Using Your HP-67 Calculator, is invaluable in laying the groundwork for Part Two, Programming The HP-67, Previous HP User? If you'vealready used Hewlett-Packard pocket or desktop calculators with RPN, you may want to turn directly to Part ‘Two, Programming The HP-67, Later, though, you will undoubtedly wish to peruse Part One at your leisure in order to discover the many calculating advantages of the HP-67, Whether an old hand or a novice, you'll find the Function and Key Index on pages 813 invaluable as a quick reference guide, a pro- ‘gramming guide, or even to illusirate the features of the HP-67 «0 your friends, Part One Using Your HP-67 Pocket Calculator Section 4 Getting Started Your HP-67 is shipped fully assembled, including « battery. You can begin using your calculator immediately by conneeting the cord from the ac adapterirecharger and plugging the charger into an ac out. If Yyou want to use your HP.67 on battery power alone, you should charge the battery for 14 hours first. Whether you operate from battery power or from power supplied by the charger, the battery pack must ‘always be in the caleuiator. To begin: Slide the W/PROM-RUN switch wencMIIT] am to RUN. Slide the OFF-ON switch oFFll[Jow to ON. Display Numbers that you key into the calculator and intermediate and final answers are always seen in the bright red display. When you first turn the calculator ON, the display is set to [0.00 to show you that all zeros are present there a Keyboard Each key on the Keyboard can perform ax many as four dif: ferent functions. One function is indicated on the flat plane of the key face, while another is printed in black on the slanted face of the Key. A third and a fourth function may be indicated by ined symbols in gold and. hue, respectively, helow the ey There are three prefix keys, EB, and MB. By pressing one of these prefix keys before pressing a function key, you select the function printed on the slanted key face or ane of the func- tions printed in gold or biue below the function key. To select the funetion printed on the flat plane of « function ‘key, press the key. ar 28 — Goting Started To select the function primed in black on the slanted key face, press the black HM prefix key, Then press the function key. To select the function printed in gold below the function key, first press the gold {3 prefix key. Then press the function key To select the function printed in blue below the function key, first press the blue [EB prefix key. Then press the function key To execute this function, imply press i. To execute this function, ‘To execute this function, first press (53) then press Ei). To execute this function, first press (mi, then press Gi. In this handbook, the selected key function will appear in th appropriate color, outlined by a box, like this: 2, @), Q. Keying In Numbers Key in numbers by pressing the number keys im sequence, just as though you were writing on a piece of paper. The decimal point must be keyed in if it is part of the number (unless itis to be right of the last digit), Example: Key im 148.84 by pressing the keys Display oo80a8 Gages) The resultant number 148.84 is seen in the display. Getting Started 29 Negative Numbers To key in a negative number, press the keys for the number, then press (EIB (change sign). The number, preceded by a minus (—) sign, ‘will appear in the display. For example, to change the sign of the number now in the display: Press Display = ‘You can change the sign of either a negative or a positive nonzero ‘number in the display. For example, to change the sign of the =148.84 now in the display back to positive: Press Display = (aes) [Notice that only negative sumbers are given a sign in the display Clearing ‘You can clear any numbers that are in the display by pressing G2 (clear X). This key erases the number in the display and replaces it with [0.00 | Press Display = Af you make a mistake while keying in a number, clear the entire num- ber string by pressing GE, Then key in the correct number, 30 Getting Started Functions In spite of the dozens of functions available on the HP-67 keyboard, you will find the calculator functions simple to operate by using. a Single, all-encompassing rule: When you press a function key, the calculator immediately executes the function written on the key. Pressing a function key causes the calculator to immediately partorm that tunetion For example, to calculate the square of 148.84, merely: Press Display 148.84 on EF To calculate the square root of the number now in the display: Press Display oo Gas) Notice that you did not use the {29 function directly over the E key to calculate the square root. The five functions above the £3, ©, @. 1D. and G2 keys are known as default functions. When you fist tum the HP-67 ON, these default functions are present in the calculator, and you ean select any of them by simply pressing the appropriate key (EB through (9), However, as soon as you begin keying in a program, the default functions are lost, and the top row keys (3 Uhrough fi) are used to select programs or routines within program. The only way to restore the default functions to the calculator is to clear the calculator of all programs, either by turning it OFF, then ON, of by pressing MM) Cizoa) with the W/PRGM-RUN switch wench [ITIlileun set to W/PRGM. Each of the five default functions is dupticated by another key on the keyboard. For example, you can select the square root function either with the default function ff or by pressing €] [). When the default functions are operational, you can use a default function by pressing only one keystroke. In this handbook, however, we normally show the prefixed function instead of the defauit function, Getting Stated 31 ‘Whether selected as a default function or as a prefixed function, is ‘an example of a one-numiber function; that is, a key that operates upon fasingle number. All function keys in the HP-67 operate upon either one number or two numbers at a time (except for statistics keys ike sand ()—more about these later) Function keys operate upon either one number or two numbers. One-Number Functions To use any one-number function key: 1, Key in the number, 2. Press the function key (or press the prefix key, then the function key), ‘For example, to use the one-number function () key, you first key in the number represented by x, then press the function key. To calculate Ye, key in 4 (the x-number) and press Press Display ‘ — ow (ozs Now try these other one-number function problems. Remember, Lfitst hey in the number, then press the fiunction: + 904) uu 10° W3204100 Jog 12.58925411 78 (Use the GED key.) 32 Getting Started ‘Two-Number Functions ‘Two-number functions are functions that must have two numbers present in order for the operation to be performed. E8, G2, G2, and ‘are examples of two-number function keys. You cannot add, subtract, multiply, or divide unless there are two numbers present in the calcu. lator. Two-number funetions work the same Way as one-number functions—that is, the operation occurs when the function key pressed. Therefore, both numbers must be in the caleulator before the function key is pressed. ‘When more than one number must be keyed into the calculator before performing an operation, the (ELE key is used to separate the two numbers. key whenever more than ona number must bbe keyed into the calculator before pressing @ function, If you key in only one number, you never need to press HEIN. To plice two numbers into the calculator and perform an operation: 1. Key in the first number. 2. Press (EIEN) to separate the first number from the second. 3. Key in the second number. 4. Press the function key to perform the operation For example, to add 12 and 3: Press 12 ‘The first number. SUE Separates the first number from the second, ‘The second number. s ‘The function. The answer, [95.00] is displayed. Getting Started 33 Other arithmetic functions are performed the same way: To perform Press Display in=3 12 oD 3 [goo] 12x3 DO 3e [36.00] 1243 2 oD ‘The@) key is also atwo-number operation. Its used 10 raise numbers to powers, and you can use it in the same simple way that you use every other two-number funetion key: 1. Key in the first number, 2. Press GIIEGD to separate the first number from the second. 4. Key in the second number (power). 4. Perform the operation (press 3 )). When working with any function key (including @)), you should remember that the displayed number is always designated by.x on the function key symbols, ‘SoG means square root of the displayed number, [] means 1 displayed number Thus, to ealeulate 3°; + etc. Press Display 3 am 3.0 6 | 4t, the displayed number, is now six. on ‘The answer. 34 — Getting Started Now try the following problems using the) key. keeping in mind the simple rules for two-rumber functions: 16" (16 to the 4" power) = SI? (81 squared) = [6567.00 (You could also have dame this as a one- ‘number function using ®@) 2254 (Square root of 28) = (78.00 (You could also have done this as a one- number function using @, 2" tothe _ 16 power)= [6589600] 16% (4 root of 16) = (20g Chain Calculations ‘The speed and simplicity of operation of the Hewlett-Packard logic system become most apparent during chain calculations. Even during the longest of calculations, you still perform only one operation at a time, and you see the results as you calcutate—the Hewlett-Packard automatic memory stack stores up to four intermediate results inside the calculator until you need them, then inserts them into the calcu: lation. This system makes the process of working through a problem fas natural as it would be if you were working it out with peneil and paper, but the calculator takes care of the hard part For example, solve (12 + 3) X 7. If you were working the problem with a pencil and paper, you would first calculate the intermediate result of (12 + 3), Wert «T= fh cootnd then you would multiply the intermediate result by 7. (art x 7 = 105 ISK] = fos Getting Started = 35 ‘You work through the problem exactly the same way with the HP-67, ‘one operation at a time, You solve for the intermediate result first «2 +3) Press Display 12 TEE 12.00 3 E a memati ....and then solve for the final answer. You don't need to press SHED to store the intermediate result—the HP-67 automatically stores it inside the calculator when you key in the next number. To continue... Press Display 7 | tion is automatically stored inside the calcu- Iator when you key in this number, a 105.00 Pressing the function key multiplies the new nur- ber and the intermediate result, giving you the final answer, Now try these problems. Notice that for each problem you only have ‘to press: to insert a pair of numbers into the calculator—each subsequent operation is performed using a new number and an autor matically stored intermediate resutt ‘To solve Press Display (2 +3) 10 x = 3 s 10 36 Getting Started To solve Press Display 316-4) M4743 4 sa) ‘Problems that are even more complicated can be solved in the same ‘simple manner, using the automatic storage of intermediate results, For example, to solve (2 +3) x (4 +5) with apencil and paper, you ‘would: Q+3x*4+5 Fist soe for the contents VA s en oe and than for these parentheses... and then you would multiply the ‘wo intermediate answers together. Gatting Started 37 You work through the problem the same way with the HP-67, First you solve for the intermediate result of (2 + 3).... Press ‘Display 2 z Timp — a Invermediate result ‘Then add 4 and 5: (Since you must now key in another pair of numbers before you can perform a function, you use the! key again to separate the first number of the pair from the second.) Procedure Press Display panes 4 sa ‘Then multiply the intermediate answers together for the final answer: Procedure Press Display "t need to write down or key in the intermediate fnswers from inside the parentheses before you multiplied —the HP-67 automatically stacked up the intermediate results inside the caleulator for you and brought them out om a last-in, first-out basis When it was time to, multiply. No matter how complicated a problem may look, it can always be Feduced to a series of one- and two-number operations. Just work through the problem in the same logical onder you would use if you were working it with a pencil and paper: 38 Getting Started For example, to solve: +8) x7 +2) 4x5) Press Display [GED 30 1700] Intermediate result of +8). 7 25 oa) Intermediate result of (7 +2) oa 15500 J (9 + 8) multiplied by +2), sO sa Intermediate result of 4x3). o re The final answer, Now try these problems. Remember to work through them as you would with « pencil and paper, but don't worry about intermediate answers—they're handled automatically by the calculator. xan +4 x5) = ei] (4 + 12) * 8 = 12) 2g oh aa) Views 3x5. pare 4x (17-12) +0 - 5) = [OE VOTO XGTS + VOTH X ETD = (ar) Getting Started 39 ‘A Word about the HP-67 Now that you've learned how to use the calculator, you can begin to fully appreciate the benefits of the Hewlett-Packard logic system. ‘With this system, you enter numbers using a parenthesis-free, unambiguous method calted RPN (Reverse Polish Notation). It is this unique system that gives you all these calculating advantages ‘whether you're writing keystrokes for an HP-67 program of using the HP-67 under manual control; ‘The HP-67 cuts problems down to size instead of making them ‘more complex. ‘= Pressing a function key immediately executes the funetion. You ‘work naturally through complicated problems, with fewer key- strokes and less time spent, Intermediate results appear as they are calculated, There are 50 “hidden calculations, and you can check each step as you go. & Intermediate results are automatically handled. You don't have to write down long intermediate answers when you work a problem. Intermediate answers are automatically inserted into the prob- Jem om a last-in, first-out basis. You don’t have to remember where they are and then summon them, ® You ean eateulste in the same order that you do with pencil and paper, You don't have to think the problem through ahead of time, ‘The HP system takes a few minutes to learn, But you'll be amply rewarded by the ease with which the HP-67 solves the longest most somplex equations. With HP, the investment of a few moments of Jeaming yields a lifetime of mathematical dividends. EEX Section 2 Display Control In the HP-67, you can select many different rounding options for dis- play of numbers. When you first tum on the HP-67, for example, the calculator “wakes up"’ with numbers appearing rounded to two decimal places. Thus, the fixed constant 77, which is actually in the calculator as 3, 141592654, will appear in the display as 3.14 (unless ‘you tell the caleulator to display the number rounded to a greater or lesser number of decimal places), Although a number is normally shown to only two decimal places, the HP.67 always computes internally using each number as a 10-digit ‘mantissa and a two-digit exponent of 10. For example, when you compute 2 3, you sce the answer to only two decimal places: Press Display 2 se 6.00 However, inside the caleulator all numbers have 10-digit mantissas and two-digit exponents of 10, So the HP-67 actually ealculates using full 10-digit numbers: 2.000000000 % 10" GED 3.000000000 >< 10 ER yields an answer that is sctually carried to full 10 digits intemally: Jamaica a ay 42 Display Control Display Control Keys There are four keys, Ci, G2, (6), and GED that allow you to control the manner in which numbers appear in the display in the HP.67. GB followed by a mumber key changes the number of dis- played digits without changing the format. (2) displays numbers in Fixed decimal point format, while GE) permits you to see numbers in scientific notation format. (68) displays numbers in engineering nota tion, with exponents of 1Oshown in multiples of theee (e.g, , 108, 10°8, 108) No matter which format or how many displayed digits you choose, these display control keys alter only the manner in which a number is displayed in the HP-67. The actual number itself is not altered by any of the display control keys. No matter what type of display you select, the HP-67 always calculates internally with numbers con sisting of full 10-digit mantissas multiplied by 10 raised to atwo-digit exponent. Display Number Changes ‘The EBB (display) key followed by a number key specifies the num- ber of digits that your HP-67 will lay. For example, when you tum the HP-67 ON, it “'wakes up" with two digits displayed after the decimal point. Using the 53 key and the appropriate number key (0-9), you can display up to nine digits after the decimal point. For example: Press Display (Tum the calculator OFF, then ON.) [07] Calculator “-wakes up” ‘with two digits shown after the decimal point, eas Four digits shown after sdecimal point eo Nine digits shown after ‘decimal point. G2 ‘Two digits shown after decimal point, In the next few pages, you will see how the MED) and number keys are used in conjunction with (=), [E21], and ieM6) to display numbers in any of a wide variety of formats. Display Control 43 Scientific Notation Display In scientific notation each number is displayed with a single digit to the left of the decimal point followed by a specified number of digits {up to nine) to the right of the decimal point and multiplied by a power of 10, Scientific notation is particularly useful when working with very large o small numbers. 10-digit mantissa . = Menliess aa | Exponent af 10 Sign of exponent of 10 Scientific Notation Display Scientific ‘notation ii aelected by pressing E) (621). The EA key followed by a digit key is then used to specify the number of decimal aces tn which the muri rounded. The dlapiy set satifind and includes trailing zeros within the setting selected by the [22 key To change the number of places displayed after the decimal point, use the [ED Key followed by the appropriate number key. For example: Press Display (Turn the calculator OFF, then ON.) [0-00] _ Calculator **wakes up!’ with two places displayed after the decimal point Taae7 Taa 02] Displays 1.23 x 10% ‘Two decimal places shown after decimal point. 44 —_Dispiay Control Gas 1.2346 02) Displays 1.2346 10". Notice that the display rounds if the first hidden mantissa digit is S or greater. m7 12345670 02) Displays 1.2345670 « 10 mo 234567000 03) Displays 1.234567000 x 10, ws [72345 03) Displays 1.2346 10%. Fixed Point Display ‘When you first tum the HP-67 ON, the display you see is FIX 2—that is, fixed point display with two decimal places shown. In fixed point display, numbers are shown with a fixed number of displayed digits after the decimal point. ‘The number begins at the left side of the dis. play and includes trailing zeros within the setting selected. You can select fixed point display from the keyboard by using the [=] function 10-digit number 4 Sign Decimal point Fixed Point Display After you have specified fixed point format, you can use theGE@ key followed by the appropriate number key (0-9) to select the number of places to which the display is rounded. For example: Press Display 123.4567 (asaeeT—] aw [123.4567 Display is rounded to the four decimal places you specified earlier Display Control = 45, 123. 25. 4567000 [iaxs Notice that the display rounds if the first hidden digit is $ or greater ca: 128, Normal FIX 2 display, Engines ing Notation Display Engineering notation allows all numbers to he shown with exponents cof 10 that are multiples of three (e.g.. 10°, 10°%, 10!) One signesne Tt 7 digit always present. Specied significant Exponent of 19 igs after the first one. always @ multiple of three. Engineering Notation Display Engineering notation is particularly useful in scientific and engineer- ing calculations, where units of measure are often specified in multi ples of thres. See the prefix chart below, 46 © Dispiay Control Engineering notation is selected by pressing G9 6 . The first signifi cant digit is aways present in the display, When you press followed by a number key, you specify the number of additional displayed digits after the first one, The decimal point always appears in the display, For example: Press Display 0012345 o0n07#5aS—) Do (i276) Engincering notation ds- play. Since you had specified G9 2 in the previous example, the number appeass here rounded off to two sig nificant digits after the ‘omnipresent first one, Power of 10 is proper multiple of three om; Display is rounded off 10 third significant digit afier the first one. ae Go 10. =06] Display rounded off to first significant digit Notice that rounding can occur to the left of the decimal point. 8s in the case of EMG 0 specified above. When engineering notation has been selected, the decimal point shifts to show the mantissa as units, tens, or hundreds in order to maintain the exponent of 10 as a multiple of three. For example, multiplying the number now in the calculator by 10 causes the decimal point to shift to the Fight without altering the exponent of 10: Press Display a? ENG 2 display. De 123. =06) ENG 2 display. Display Control 47 However, multiplying again by 10 causes the exponent to shift to another multiple of three and the decimal point to move to the units position. Since you specified ENG 2 earlier, the HP-67 maintains two significant digits after the first one when you multiply by 10: Press Display 108 Decimal point shifts. Power of 10 shifts to 10"*. Display maintains two significant digits afer the first one. Automatic Display Switching ‘The HP-67 switches the display from fixed point notation to full scientific notation (SCI 9) whenever the number is too large or too small to be seen with a fixed decimal point. This feature keeps you from missing unexpectedly large or small answers. For example, if you try to solve (.05)* in normal FIX 2 display, the answer is auto- ‘matically shown in scientific notation, [0 Terma IX 2 ep 17,250000000-04] Display automatically switched to SCI 9 to show answer After automatically switching from fixed to scientific, when a new ‘number is keyed in or ND is pressed the display automatically reverts back to the fixed paint display originally selected 48 Display Control ‘The HP-67 also switches t0 scientific notation if the answer is too large (10) for fixed point display, For example, the display will not switeh from fixed if you solve 1582000 1842; Press Display 1382000 Cn 1802 4044000.) Fixed point format, However, if you multiply the result by 10. the answer is too large for fixed point notation, and the calculator display switches avto- ‘matically to seientifie notation: Press Display 08 Scientific notation format. ‘Notice that automatic switching is between fixed and scientific nota- tion display modes only—engineering notation display must be selected from the keyboard. Keying In Exponents of Ten ‘You can key in numbers multiplied by powers of 10 by pressing (EEE (ener exponent of 10) followed by number keys to specify the exponent of 10. For example, to key in 15.6 trillion (15.6 x 10"), and multiply it by 25: Press Display 15.6 aq [156 ____00) 12 (456 12} (This means 15.6 ® 108.) Display Contwol 49 You can save time when Keying in exact powers of 10 by merely pressing (229 and then pressing the desired power of 10. For example, key in I million (10%) and divide by 52. Press Display a ‘You do not have to key in the number 1 before pressing {UE} when the furmber is an exact power of 10. 6 orp 1000000.00 ‘Since you have not specified scientific nota tion, the number reverts to fixed point notation ‘when you press STEER) 28 (Cis077 ‘To see your answer in scientific notation with six decimal places: Press Display OG. [reese 04] To key in negative exponents of 10, key in the number, press EE, press Gi to make the exponent negative, then key in the power of 10, For example, key in Planck's constant (h)—rovghly, 6.625 10" erg sec.—and multiply it by $0, (S.g2s000000-27) [512500000-25) Erg se 50 Display Control Calculator Overflow When the number in the display would be greater than 9,999999999 X 10", the HP-67 displays all 9"s to indicate that the problem has exceeded the calculator's range. Forexample, if you solve (1 10%) % (1 & 10%), the HP-67 will display the answer: But if you attempt to multiply the above result by 100, the HP-67 display indicates overflow by showing you all 9's: Press Display 100 (9898009908 99 | Overflow indication. Error Display |f you happen to key in an improper operation (or if a magnetic card fails 10 read properly) the word [Error | Will appear in the display. For example, if you attempt to calculate the square root of =4, the HP-67 will recognize it as an improper operation: Press 1 aD Pressing any key clears the error and is aot executed. The number that was in the display before the error.causing function is retumed to. the display s0 that you can see it Press Display All these operations that cause an error condition are listed in ‘appendix C. Low Power Display ‘When you are operating the HP-67 from battery power, a red lamp inside the display will glow to wam you that the battery is close to discharge, 6.02 23| Low Power Display ‘You must then connect the ac adapterirecharger to the calculator and ‘operate from ac power, or you must substitute a fully charged battery pack for the one that is in the calculator. Refer to appendix B for descriptions of these operations Section 3 The Automatic Memory Stack The Stack ‘Automatic storage of intermediate results is the reason that the HP-67 slides so easily through the most complex equations. And automatic storage is made possible by the Hewlett-Packard automatic memory stack. Initial Display When you first switch the calculator ON, the display shows [000-1] in RUN mode. This represents the contents of the display or "X-register.”” Set the WIPRGM-RUN switch wrsom If] un to RUN, Switeh the HP-67 OFF, then ON. Basically, numbers are stored and manipulated in the machine “registers."* Each number, no matter how few digits (e.g., 0, 1, or 5) or how many (¢.g., 3.141592654, ~23.28362, or 2.87148907 x 10), oecupies one entire register, The displayed X.register, which is the only visible register. is one of four registers inside the calculator that are positioned 10 form the automatic memory stack. We label these registers X, Y, Z, and T. ‘They are “‘stacked" one on top of the other with the displayed X-register on the bottom. When the calculator is switehed ON, these four registers are cleared 10 7eF0, Always displayed 54 The Automatic Memory Stack Manipulating Stack Contents The SA (roll down), Gtrolt up), and G(x exchange y) keys allow ‘you to review the stack contents or to shift data within the stack for computation at any time. Reviewing the Stack ‘To see how the G3) key works, first load the stack with numbers | through 4 by pressing: 403 2 et ‘The numbers that you keyed in are now loaded into the stack, and ‘contents look like this Display ‘When you press J G2), the stack coments shift downward one register, So the last number that you have keyed in will be rotated around to the T-register when you press QJ). When you press G9) again, the stack contents again roll downward one register. When you press () (2). the stack contents are rotated... sofrom this... ato this. 4 3.00 2.00 Gs Display. x Rs} GIS 4 Contents of storage register Ry divided by number in played X-register, and quotient placed imo regi Rai +x Ry). When storage register arithmetic operations arc performed, the ‘answer is written into the selected storage register, while the contents of the other storage registers and the displayed X-register and the rest of the stack remain unchanged. 82 Storing and Recalling Numbers Example: During harvest, farmer Flem Snopes trucks tomatoes to the cannery for three days, On Monday and ‘Tuesday he hauls loads of 25 tons, 27 tons, 19 tons, and 23 tons, for which she cannery pays him $35 per ton. On ‘Wednesday the price rises to $57.50 per ton, and Snopes ships loads of 26 tons and 28 tons. If the cannery deducts (2% of the price on Monday and ‘Tuesday because of blight on the tomatoes, and 3% of the price on ‘Wednesday, what is Snopes’ total net income? Press Display sme ae (sa00 7) ‘Total of Monday's and “Tuesday's tonnage. 35) 5170.00 Gross amount for " Monday and Tuesday, Gos Gross placed in storage register Ry ao 103.40 Deductions for Monday and Tuesday. ae 103.40 Deductions subtracted from total in storage register Re 2 Ewe [5400 ‘Wednesday's tonnage. 7.08 Gross amount for Wednesday. ao [STOR0O—] Wednesday's gross amount added to total in Homge vegies Ra ao Deduction for Wednesday, ao 33.15, ‘Wednesday's deduction subtracted from total in storage register Rs Snopes” total net income from his tomatoes. cas Storing and Recalling Numbers 63 (You could also work this problem using the stack alone, but doing it as shown here illustrates how storage register arithmetic «an be ‘uscd to maintain and update different running totals.) Storage Register Overflow ‘IF you attempt a storage register arithmetic operation that would cause the magnitude of a number in any of the storage registers 10 exceed 9.999999 X< 10", the operation is formed and the HP-67 display immediately indicates [Error ‘When you then press any key, the error condition is cleared and the last value in the Xeregister before the error is again displayed. The storage registers all contain the values they held before the error- ‘causing operation was attempted. [For example, if you store 7.33 * 10% in primary register R, and attempt 10 use storage register arithmetic to multiply that value by 10, the HP-67 display will show : To clear the error and display the contents of the X-register, press aay bey. The original contents of storage register Ry are tl resset Display Contents of X-register, Contents of storage register Ry. Section 5 Function Keys ‘The HP°67 has dozens of internal functions that allow you to compute answers to problems quickly and accuratcly. Each function aperatcs the same way, regardiess of whether you press the function key ‘manually of the function is executed as part of a program. To use any of the keys manually, first ensure that the W/PRGM- RUN switch wena MME Au is set to RUN. Number Alteration Keys Besides (223), there are four keys provided for altering numbers in the HP-G7, These keys arc =), Bas}, 22), and (2), and you will find them most useful when performing operations as part of a Program. Rounding a Number ‘As you know, when you change display formats with one of the dis ry control keys (2), 5], (©), or EE), the number maintains full value to 10 digits multiplied by a two-digit exponent of 10 fo matter how many digits you sce. When you press the HP prefix, key followed by the [=] (reund) key, however, the number that in the display becomes the actual number in the calculator. For example, key in the number af cubic centimeters in one cubic inch, 16.38706$ and round it to two decimal places: Press Display 16 387068 (reser — = [4638 | Number rounded to two decimal places in display. Maintains entire value internally. a [7838] Number rounded t0 two decimal places internally. 86 Function Kays, es 16.380000 FIX 6 display shows that number has been rounded. 16387064 ‘The original number. ee: Cex} Display mode reset to FIX 2. A fixed point number that has underflowed to scientific notation display is rounded to 0,00 by the =) function, Absolute Value Some calculations require the absolute value, or magnitude, of nuniber. To obtain the absolute value of the number in the displayed X-negister, press the (shift key followed by the G83} (absolute value) key, For example, to calculate the absolute value of —3: Press Display 36 Ee) OG Go) I3] To see the absolute value of +3; Press Display Os Go [+3] Integer Portion of a Number “To extract and display the integer portion of a number, press the ED prefix key followed by the CZ) (integer) key. For example, 10 splay only the integers of the number 123. 4$6: Press Display 123.456 (iaaas6—) a Only the integer por of the number re When fl (2) is pressed, the frictional portion of the number is ost. ‘The entire number, of course, is preserved in the LAST X register. Function Keys 87 Fractional Portion of a Number ‘To extract and display only the fractional portion of a number. press the EF prefix key followed by the G2] fraction) key. For example, to see the fractional portion of the 123.456 used above: Press, Display oc Summons the original number back to the Xenegister. 5G Only the fractional portion of the number is displayed, rounded here to FIX 2 display When €3 (255) is pressed, the integer portion of the number is lost ‘The entire number. of course, is preserved in the LAST X register. Reciprocals ‘To calculate the reciprocal of a number in the displayed X-rexister, key in the number, then press 9 (i). For example, to calculate the reciprocal of 25: Press Display sO You can also calculate the reciprocal of a value in a previous salculation without reentering the number. 88 Funcition Keys Example: 10 an electrical circuit, four resistors are connected in parallel, Their values are 220 ohms, $60 ohms, 1.2 kilohms, and 5 kilohms. What is the total resistance of the circui 200 560 8 a 12000 a S000 8 s ‘Sum of reciprocals. The reciprocal of the sur of the teciprocals yields the answer in ohiis. Factorials The (@) (factorial) key permits you to handle permutations and combinations with ease. To calculate the factorial of a positive integer in the displayed X-register, press ™ Example: Calculate the number of ways that six people can Tine up for a photograph, Method: Ph = 6! =6 XS %4%3x2%1. Press Display 6 = O® 720.00 The answer, ‘The calculator overflows for factorials of numbers greater than 69. Fu on Keys 89 Square Roots ‘To calculate the square root of a number in the displayed X-register, press fl ©). For example, (o find the square root of 16: Press: Display isaQ £00 To find the square root af the result: Press: ‘Display: so Squaring To square a number in the displayed X-register, press © (E). For example, to find the square of 45: Press Display soo 2025.00 To find the square of the result: Press Display oo 00825.00, Using Pi The value 7 accurate 10 10 places (3,141592684) is provided as a fixed constant in the HP-67. Merely press G@ [2] whenever you need it in a calculation, For example, to calculate 3a: Press Display eT To} x | 90 Function Keys Example: In the schematic disgram below, X, is 12 kilahms, E is 120 volts, and f ig 60 Hz. Find the inductance of the coil Lin henries Xi eding to the formula: L = saecording to the formula: L = @ t= Xe = 12,000 lef 2x x 60 Press Display nes a 20 O58 of (ras) Henries. Percentages ‘The B key is a two-number function which allows you to compute percentages. To find the percentage of a number: Key in the base number. Press Key in the number representing percent rate Press i ye The formula used iss TE = 9, Funetion Keys 91 For example, to calculate a sales tax of 6.5% on a purchase of $1500: Press Display 1500 CD 1506.06 Base number. 65 os Percent rate. 0 (e750 | ‘The answer. 6.5% of $1500 is $97.50. In the above example, when ll ©) is pressed. the calculated answer ‘writes over the percentage rate inthe X-register, and the base number is preserved in the Y-register. ‘When you pressed IB © the stack contents were changed... safrom this... esto this. T (000 2 0.00 Y 1500.00 x [6s Since the purchase price is now in the Y-register and the amount of tax is in the X-register, the total amount can be obtained by simply adding: Press Display a 1597.50] Total of price and sales tax combined. Percent of Change ‘The BEER jpercen of change key iz atwo-nuraber Function that gives the percent increase or dectease from Y to X. To find the percent af change: 1, Key im the base umber (usually, the number that happens first in time). 2. Pres 3. Key in the second number 4, Press 92 Function Keys Example: Find the percent of increase of your rent 10 years ago «$70 per month) to today ($240 per month), Press Display 70 ED [7000] 2400 (aa206 | Percent increase y) 100 ‘The formula used is:

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