Q

1
TR
12
TR
2 24 160
3 36 140
4 48 120
5 60 100
6 72
80
7 84 TR
8 96 60
9 108 40
10 120 20
11 132 0
12 144 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Q AR AR
0 25
30
0.1 24.5
1 20 25
2 15
20
3 10
4 5 15
5 0 AR
10

0
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1.17 Q Q^2 AC
1 1 8.5 AC
2 4 9
80
3 9 10.5
4 16 13 70
5 25 16.5 60
6 36 21 50
7 49 26.5 40
8 64 33 30
AC
9 81 40.5
20
10 100 49
11 121 58.5 10
12 144 69 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

1.18 X Y
0 180 Y
0.1 180.005
800
100 185
1000 230 700
2000 280 600
3000 330 500
4000 380 400
5000 430 300
Y
6000 480
200
7000 530
8000 580 100
9000 630 0
10000 680 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
 1.19 Q Q^2 Q^3 FC VC AVC TC AC AFC TR PROFIT
0 0 0 300 0 300 #DIV/0! 0 -300
1 1 1 300 31 31 331 331 300 99.5 -231.5
2 4 8 300 48 24 348 174 150 196 -152
3 9 27 300 57 19 357 119 100 286.5 -70.5
4 16 64 300 64 16 364 91 75 368 4
5 25 125 300 75 15 375 75 60 437.5 62.5
6 36 216 300 96 16 396 66 50 492 96
7 49 343 300 133 19 433 61.85714 42.85714 528.5 95.5
8 64 512 300 192 24 492 61.5 37.5 544 52
9 81 729 300 279 31 579 64.33333 33.33333 535.5 -43.5
10 100 1000 300 400 40 700 70 30 500 -200

800

700

600

500 FC
VC
400 AVC
TC
300 AC
AFC
200

100

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
 800

1.2

600

400

TC
200
TR
PROFIT

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

-200

-400

1.21 L K Q K Q APL L K Q
1 1 1 32 2 1 16 1 4
4 1 2 32 4 0.5 4 32 4
16 1 4 32 8 0.25 64 1 8
64 1 8 32 16 0.125 16 32 8
144 1 12 32 24 0.083333333
 Q APL
14 1.2
12
1
10
0.8
8
6 0.6
Q APL
4 0.4
2 0.2
0
0
0 50 100 150 200
0 50 100 150 200

q
35
30
25
20
Axis Title

15 q
10 Linear (q)
y = -0.548x + 14.65
5 R² = 0.062
0
0 5 10 15 20
Axis Title
2.6 P QD QS P
30
1 270 4 1
2 260 8 2
25
3 250 12 3
4 240 16 4
5 230 20 5 20
6 220 24 6
7 210 28 7 15 QD
8 200 32 8 QS
9 190 36 9 10
10 180 40 10
11 170 44 11
5
12 160 48 12
13 150 52 13
0
14 140 56 14
15 130 60 15 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
16 120 64 16
17 110 68 17
18 100 72 18
19 90 76 19
20 80 80 20
21 70 84 21
22 60 88 22
23 50 92 23
24 40 96 24
25 30 100 25
26 20 104 26
27 10 108 27
28 0 112 28
2.7 P QS QD QSN QDN
1 18 144 9 72
2 30 138 15 69 30
3 42 132 21 66
4 54 126 27 63 25
5 66 120 33 60
6 78 114 39 57 20
QS
7 90 108 45 54
8 102 102 51 51 15 QD
9 114 96 57 48 QSN
10 126 90 63 45 10
QDN
11 138 84 69 42
5
12 150 78 75 39
13 162 72 81 36
0
14 174 66 87 33
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
15 186 60 93 30
16 198 54 99 27
17 210 48 105 24
18 222 42 111 21
19 234 36 117 18
20 246 30 123 15
21 258 24 129 12
22 270 18 135 9
23 282 12 141 6
24 294 6 147 3
25 306 0 153 0
 2.8 P QD QS QST
1 63 -2 -12 25
2 60 0 -10
3 57 2 -8
4 54 4 -6
5 51 6 -4 20
6 48 8 -2
7 45 10 0
8 42 12 2
15
9 39 14 4
10 36 16 6 QD
11 33 18 8 QS
12 30 20 10 QST
10
13 27 22 12
14 24 24 14
15 21 26 16
16 18 28 18
5
17 15 30 20
18 12 32 22
19 9 34 24
20 6 36 26
0
21 3 38 28
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
22 0 40 30

1000
900
2.12 X Y IC U
800
0 375 1 900 30
700
20 0 8 225 30
600
27 100 30
500 BL
400 IC
300
200
100
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
2.18 Y0 1000
t 0.05*t E^0.05t
1 0.05 1.0512711 1051.271
2 0.1 1.1051709 1105.171
5 0.25 1.2840254 1284.025
10 0.5 1.6487213 1648.721

w 1/w 1+1/w
5 0.2 1.2 2.48832
50 0.02 1.02 2.691588
500 0.002 1.002 2.715569
5000 0.0002 1.0002 2.71801
9500 0.0001053 1.0001053 2.718139
14000 7.143E-05 1.0000714 2.718185 1316
18500 5.405E-05 1.0000541 2.718208 6580000
23000 4.348E-05 1.0000435 2.718223

2.23
50000
T
45000
1 1.45 21315.573
2 1.8 30248.237 40000
3 2.05 38839.506 35000
4 2.2 45125.067 30000
5 2.25 47438.679 25000
6 2.2 45125.067 Series1
20000
7 2.05 38839.506 15000
8 1.8 30248.237
10000
9 1.45 21315.573
5000
10 1 13591.409
11 0.45 7841.5609 0
12 -0.2 4093.6538 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 3424
13 -0.95 1933.7051 18.78738
4.17
YEAR SALES ln(SALES) SALES
0 40 3.6888795
12000
1 80.55011 4.3888795
2 162.208 5.0888795 10000
3 326.6468 5.7888795 8000
4 657.7859 6.4888795 6000
5 1324.618 7.1888795 SALES
4000
6 2667.453 7.8888795
2000
7 5371.591 8.5888795
8 10817.06 9.2888795 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

ln(SALES)
10
9
8
7
6
5
ln(SALES)
4
3
2
1
0
4.18 0 2 4 6 8 10
4.19 0 3000000
1 2790000 2790000
2 2594700 2580000
3 2413071 2370000
4 2244156 2160000
5 2087065.1 1950000
6 1940970.6 1740000
7 1805102.6 1530000
 8 1678745.4 1320000

4.2 YEAR 5% NPV 10%

0 -390 1 -390 1 -390
1 100 0.952381 95.238095 0.909091 90.90909091
2 200 0.9070295 181.4059 0.826446 165.2892562
3 150 0.8638376 129.57564 0.751315 112.6972201
16.219631 -21.1044328

4.21 YEAR 7% NPV 15.000% IRR 14.63%

0 -870 1 -870 1 -870
1 230 0.9345794 214.95327 0.869565 200
2 410 0.8734387 358.10988 0.756144 310.0189036
3 390 0.8162979 318.35617 0.657516 256.4313306
4 170 0.7628952 129.69219 0.571753 97.19805175
151.11151 -6.35171401

5.7
X U MU
Utility Analysis
0 0 3 10
1 2.75 2.5
8
2 5 2
3 6.75 1.5 6
4 8 1
4 U
UTILITY

5 8.75 0.5
6 9 0 MU
2
7 8.75 -0.5
8 8 -1 0
0 2 4 6 8 10
-2
UNIT
5.8 X U MU
0 0 #DIV/0!
1 10 2.5
16 20 0.3125
81 30 0.0925926
112.6667 32.57983 0.0722925
152.6667 35.15087 0.0575615
 35

30

25

20
U
15
MU
10

0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

A B C
14
5.9 X U MU U MU U MU
0 0 0.66 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
12
1 0.66 0.66 0.5 1 6 3
2 1.32 0.66 2 2 8.485281374 2.121320344
10
3 1.98 0.66 4.5 3 10.39230485 1.732050808
4 2.64 0.66 8 4 12 1.5
8
5 3.3 0.66 12.5 5 13.41640786 1.341640786
U
6 3.96 0.66 18 6 14.69693846 1.224744871
6
7 4.62 0.66 24.5 7 15.87450787 1.133893419 MU
8 5.28 0.66 32 8 16.97056275 1.060660172
4
9 5.94 0.66 40.5 9 18 1
10 6.6 0.66 50 10 18.97366596 0.948683298
2
11 7.26 0.66 60.5 11 19.89974874 0.904534034
12 7.92 0.66 72 12 20.78460969 0.866025404
0
13 8.58 0.66 84.5 13 21.63330765 0.832050294
0 5 10 15 20 25
14 9.24 0.66 98 14 22.44994432 0.801783726
15 9.9 0.66 112.5 15 23.23790008 0.774596669
16 10.56 0.66 128 16 24 0.75
17 11.22 0.66 144.5 17 24.73863375 0.727606875
18 11.88 0.66 162 18 25.45584412 0.707106781
19 12.54 0.66 180.5 19 26.15339366 0.688247202
 20 13.2 0.66 200 20 26.83281573 0.670820393

30 250

25
200
20
150
15 U U
MU 100 MU
10

5 50

0
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
0 5 10 15 20 25

160
5.19 X FC TVC AVC TC AC MC AFC
140
0 9 0 #DIV/0! 9 #DIV/0! 40 #DIV/0! FC
1 9 25 25 34 34 13 9 120
TVC
2 9 32 16 41 20.5 4 4.5 100
3 9 39 13 48 16 13 3 AVC
80
4 9 64 16 73 18.25 40 2.25 TC
60
5 9 125 25 134 26.8 85 1.8 AC
40
MC
20
AFC
0
0 2 4 6

TC
 TC
50000

0 TC
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

5.2 Q TC MC AC 140
120
50 6007.5 112.5 120.15
100 11320 100 113.2 100
150 16007.5 87.5 106.71667 80
200 20070 75 100.35 MC
60
250 23507.5 62.5 94.03 AC
300 26320 50 87.733333 40
350 28507.5 37.5 81.45 20
400 30070 25 75.175
0
450 31007.5 12.5 68.905556
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
500 31320 0 62.64

5.22 P Q1 Q2 E1 E2 14
0 144 48 0 0 12
1 132 44 -0.090909 -0.090909 10
2 120 40 -0.2 -0.2 8
3 108 36 -0.333333 -0.333333 6
Q1
4 96 32 -0.5 -0.5 Q2
4
5 84 28 -0.714286 -0.714286
2
6 72 24 -1 -1
0
7 60 20 -1.4 -1.4
0 50 100 150 200
8 48 16 -2 -2
9 36 12 -3 -3
500
10 24 8 -5 -5
11 12 4 -11 -11 400
12 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 300

200
6.4 P
 Q P MR MC 100 MR
0 400 400 125
0 MC
1 398.5 397 124.75
-50 -100 0 50 100 150 200 250
50 325 250 112.5
100 250 100 100 -200
150 175 -50 87.5
200 100 -200 75 -300

8.7

U
X Y U MRS
C 1 140.296 269.99985 105.222
B 9 27 270 2.25 160
A 45.5625 8 270 0.1316872 140
120
100
80
U
60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50

Y
6

10.7 X Y 4
0 5
3
1 5 Y
2 5
2
3 5
4 5
1
 1
5 5
6 5 0
7 5
0 2 4 6 8 10
8 5

10.8
Q MR TR 800
1 80 82.5 700
2 75 160
3 70 232.5 600
4 65 300 500
5 60 362.5
400 MR
6 55 420
7 50 472.5 300 TR
8 45 520
200
9 40 562.5
10 35 600 100
11 30 632.5 0
12 25 660
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
13 20 682.5
14 15 700
15 10 712.5
16 5 720
17 0 722.5

12.1 A B C 0
4 8 3 7 3 7 -1 0 0 0
9 1 5 0 5 0 4 0 0 0
5 0 5 2 5 2 0 0 0 0
A+B A-B C-C C-0
7 15 1 1 0 0 0 3 7 -1
14 1 4 1 0 0 0 5 0 4
10 2 0 -2 0 0 0 5 2 0
12.3 a B C
5 0 3 2 4 0
1 7 9 6

3a kB Ck
15 0 18 12
6 42

12.4 B+C a(B+C) aB aC aB+aC

7 2 35 10 15 10 20 0 35 10
10 13

BC a(BC) (a B)C
30 12 150 60 150 60
67 42

12.5 A B X
1 3 5 0 -1 9
-2 4 -6 7 8 5

5A 7X
5 15 63
-10 20 35

12.6 AB BT BTX
-13 21 23 5 -6 15
-34 28 34 0 7 35
-1 8 31

12.7 AX AXT XT AT XTAT

24 24 2 9 5 1 -2 24 2
2 3 4

12.8 U UT UTU UUT

3 3 5 34 9 15
5 15 25
 12.9 X Y 1 XT YT
2 -2 1 2 -1 3 -2 5 4
-1 5 1
3 4 1

XT1 YT1 XTY YTX

4 7 3 3
12.11 A I AI
8 12 0 5 1 0 0 0 8 12 0 5
-2 3 7 14 0 1 0 0 -2 3 7 14
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 IA
8 12 0 5
-2 3 7 14
12.16
2 5 28
-2 9
12.17
2 1 5 100
3 4 0
-2 1 9

2 7 5 0
1 4 3
7 5 -2

1 9 -1 6
0 6 -2
3 0 7
12.18 5 -2 2
8 0 1 0
11 2 0
12.19 A AINV A*AINV AINV*A
5 4 3.00 -2.00 1 0 1 0
7 6 -3.50 2.50 0 1 0 1
 B
8 11 0.4 -1.1 1 0 1 0
2 4 -0.2 0.8 0 1 0 1
C
4 -3
10 5

12. 20 A INVERSE
0.36 -0.04 -0.2
-0.27 0.28 0.15
0.11 -0.04 0.05

B INVERSE
7 -10.5 -2
-1 1.666667 0.3333333
-3 4.5 1

12.21 A X B A INVERSE SOLN

15 3 x 51 -0.16666667 0.5 2
7 1 y 21 1.166666667 -2.5 7

12.23 A A INVERSE B X SOLN

5 -2 2 -0.136364 -0.045455 0.227272727 25 X 3
3 6 -1 0.25 0.25 -0.25 39 Y 7
8 0 1 1.0909091 0.363636 -0.81818182 36 12