KEMENTERIAN DIKTI DAN RISTEK

PROGRAM STUDI GEOFISIKA JURUSAN FISIKA

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

PRAKTIKUM METODE SEISMIK I

METODE DELAY TIME (PLUS MINUS)

DISUSUN OLEH :

RAHMI ZAFIRA AMINI

12/334809/PA/15019

DOSEN PENGAMPU :
Dr. EDDY HARTANTYO, S.Si., M.Si.

YOGYAKARTA
OKTOBER
2015

I. DATA
Picking Data Lintasan B Flat

Picking Data Lintasan B Flat (Noisy)

Waktu (ms)

Waktu (ms)

Shot

Posisi
(m)

78

152

225

Topografi
(m)

Shot

Posisi
(m)

78

152

225

Topografi
(m)

15.4

181.8

257.8

350.7

100

16.4

177.9

256.3

350

100

10

15.4

163.9

239.9

332.8

100

10

16.6

163.5

239.5

333.3

100

20

46.2

145.9

221.9

314.8

100

20

48.2

146.1

221.2

317

100

30

76.9

129.9

205.9

298.8

100

30

77.7

128.6

207.1

303.5

100

40

107.7

115.6

191.6

284.5

100

40

105.8

118

191.5

286.4

100

50

138.5

87.2

178.8

271.7

100

50

138

87.1

182.3

275.2

100

60

155.4

56.4

165.7

258.6

100

60

154.3

55.3

165.2

254.7

100

70

165.9

25.6

150.4

243.3

100

70

164.9

25.1

155.7

242.2

100

80

174

5.1

133.8

226.7

100

80

175.1

4.8

134

227.4

100

90

180.4

35.9

116.4

209.3

100

90

181.6

34.1

120.4

207.5

100

100

185.8

66.7

99.2

192.2

100

100

185.8

70.5

99.7

190.4

100

110

192.4

80.3

83.5

176.4

100

110

196.5

80.7

84.6

176.8

100

120

201.3

89.2

69.6

162.5

100

120

203.3

89.2

71.5

159.1

100

130

212.6

100.6

58.7

151.6

100

130

211.6

102

61.5

151.6

100

140

229

116.9

35.9

145.9

100

140

227.1

114.3

37.9

147.6

100

150

246

134

5.1

139.6

100

150

246.5

134.2

5.2

142.6

100

160

263.1

151.1

25.6

133.8

100

160

259.9

150.9

26

134.4

100

170

280.1

168.1

56.4

125.6

100

170

283.2

170.6

53.6

125.1

100

180

295.2

183.2

87.2

115.1

100

180

294.6

185

88

116.7

100

190

308.3

196.2

105.2

103.1

100

190

310.1

195.7

104.3

103.3

100

200

319.8

207.7

116.7

76.9

100

200

323.6

206.6

117.7

80.6

100

210

329.4

217.3

126.3

46.2

100

210

329.1

219.5

129

49.4

100

220

338.2

226.2

135.2

15.4

100

220

339.1

226

138.2

16.9

100

230

344.4

232.3

141.4

15.4

100

230

344.1

233.9

141.8

16.3

100

II. PENGOLAHAN
a. Pengolahan Data Lintasan B
SP1 SP2

Equation
Direct Forward

V1 (m/s)

Source to source time

y = 3.077x - 15.37

V1 F

324.9919

Refract Forward

y = 1.05x + 92.4

V1 R

332.4468

Reverse

171.005

Direct Reverse

y = -3.008x + 236.64

V1

328.7193

Average

172.6525

Refract Reverse

y = -1.609x + 179.05

Travel time

Forward

174.3

T-Minus

Forward
TSD (s)

Reverse
TSD (s)

TSD - TSD

T plus

V1

V2

hD

15.4

181.8

-166.4

24.5475

328.7193419

752.162467

4.4856723

97.65

171.005

-73.355

96.0025

328.7193419

752.162467

17.5429577

10

102.9

163.9

-61

94.1475

328.7193419

752.162467

17.2039854

20

113.4

145.9

-32.5

86.6475

328.7193419

752.162467

15.8334776

30

123.9

129.9

-6

81.1475

328.7193419

752.162467

14.8284385

40

134.4

114.69

19.71

76.4375

328.7193419

752.162467

13.9677595

50

144.9

98.6

46.3

70.8475

328.7193419

752.162467

12.9462743

60

155.4

82.51

72.89

65.2575

328.7193419

752.162467

11.9247891

70

165.9

66.42

99.48

59.6675

328.7193419

752.162467

10.9033039

78

174.3

53.548

120.752

55.1955

328.7193419

752.162467

10.0861157

SP2 SP3

Equation
y = 3.08x - 241.3
Direct Forward

V1 F

324.6753

Source to source time

133.922
Forward

Refract Forward

y = 1.351x - 71.43

V1 R

373.1343

Reverse

135.986

Direct Reverse

y = -2.68x + 408.43

V1

348.9048

Average

134.954

Refract Reverse

y = -1.613x + 261.8

Travel time

V1 (m/s)

T-Minus

Forward
TSD (s)

Reverse
TSD (s)

TSD - TSD

78
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
152

33.948
36.65
50.16
63.67
80.3
89.2
100.6
116.9
134
133.922

135.986
133.8
116.4
99.2
83.5
69.6
52.11
35.98
19.85
16.624

-102.038
-97.15
-66.24
-35.53
-3.2
19.6
48.49
80.92
114.15
117.298

T plus

V1

V2

hD

34.98
35.496
31.606
27.916
28.846
23.846
17.756
17.926
18.896
15.592

348.9048265
348.9048265
348.9048265
348.9048265
348.9048265
348.9048265
348.9048265
348.9048265
348.9048265
348.9048265

674.763833
674.763833
674.763833
674.763833
674.763833
674.763833
674.763833
674.763833
674.763833
674.763833

7.129417
7.234585
6.441748
5.689674
5.879221
4.860151
3.618923
3.653571
3.851271
3.177869

Direct Forward

SP3 SP4

Equation
y = 3.08x - 467.2

V1 F

324.6753

Forward

y = 0.996x - 83.33

V1 R

340.3676

Reverse

142.998

V1

332.5215

Average

141.884

Refract Forward
Direct Reverse

y = -2.938x + 662.69

Refract Reverse

y = -1.026x + 298.95

V1 (m/s)

Source to source time

140.77

Travel time

T-Minus

Forward
TSD (s)

Reverse
TSD (s)

TSD - TSD

152
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
225
230

68.062
76.03
85.99
95.95
105.2
116.7
126.3
135.2
140.77
141.4

142.998
133.8
125.6
115.1
104.01
93.75
83.49
73.23
68.1
15.4

-74.936
-57.77
-39.61
-19.15
1.19
22.95
42.81
61.97
72.67
126

T plus

V1

V2

hD

69.176
67.946
69.706
69.166
67.326
68.566
67.906
66.546
66.986
14.916

332.5214608
332.5214608
332.5214608
332.5214608
332.5214608
332.5214608
332.5214608
332.5214608
332.5214608
332.5214608

989.119683
989.119683
989.119683
989.119683
989.119683
989.119683
989.119683
989.119683
989.119683
989.119683

12.21202
11.99488
12.30558
12.21025
11.88542
12.10433
11.98782
11.74773
11.8254
2.633203

SP1 SP4

Equation

V1 (m/s)

Source to source time

Direct Forward

y = 3.077x - 15.37

V1 F

324.9919

Forward

343.5405

Refract Forward

y = 1.2203x + 68.973

V1 R

340.3676

Reverse

326.691

Direct Reverse

y = -2.938x + 662.69

V1

332.6797

Average

335.11575

Refract Reverse

y = -1.2858x + 333.12

Travel time

T-Minus

Forward
TSD (s)

Reverse
TSD - TSD
TSD (s)

0
5
10
20

15.4
75.0745
81.176
93.379

350.7
326.691
332.8
314.8

-335.3
-251.6165
-251.624
-221.421

T plus

V1

V2

hD

30.98425
66.64975
78.86025
73.06325

332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361

795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957

5.674605
12.20656
14.44285
13.38115

30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
225
230

105.582
117.785
129.988
155.4
165.9
174
180.4
185.8
192.4
201.3
212.6
229
246
263.1
280.1
295.2
308.3
319.8
329.4
338.2
343.5405
344.4

298.8
284.5
271.7
258.6
243.3
226.7
209.3
192.2
176.4
162.5
151.6
145.9
139.6
133.8
125.6
115.1
88.818
75.96
63.102
50.244
43.815
15.4

-193.218
-166.715
-141.712
-103.2
-77.4
-52.7
-28.9
-6.4
16
38.8
61
83.1
106.4
129.3
154.5
180.1
219.482
243.84
266.298
287.956
299.7255
329

69.26625
67.16925
66.57225
78.88425
74.08425
65.58425
54.58425
42.88425
33.68425
28.68425
29.08425
39.78425
50.48425
61.78425
70.58425
75.18425
62.00225
60.64425
57.38625
53.32825
52.23975
24.68425

332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361
332.6797361

795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957
795.038957

12.68575
12.3017
12.19236
14.44724
13.56815
12.01141
9.996822
7.854028
6.169095
5.253371
5.326629
7.286279
9.245928
11.31546
12.92714
13.76961
11.35539
11.10668
10.50999
9.766792
9.567439
4.520792

b. Pengolahan Data Lintasan B (Noisy)

SP1 SP2

Equation
y = 3.004x - 12.86
Direct Forward
Refract Forward

y = 1.06x + 90.7

Direct Reverse

y = -3.105x + 242.15

Refract Reverse

y = -1.54x + 177.55

V1 (m/s)
V1 F

332.8895

Source to source time

173.38
Forward

V1 R

322.0612

Reverse

169.85

V1

327.4753

Average

171.615

Travel time
C

Forward
TSD (s)

Reverse
TSD (s)

0
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
78

16.4
96
101.3
111.9
122.5
133.1
143.7
154.3
164.9
173.38

177.9
169.85
163.5
146.1
128.6
115.95
100.55
85.15
69.75
57.43

SP2 SP3

T-Minus
TSD - TSD
-161.5
-73.85
-62.2
-34.2
-6.1
17.15
43.15
69.15
95.15
115.95

T plus

V1

V2

hD

22.685
94.235
93.185
86.385
79.485
77.435
72.635
67.835
63.035
59.195

327.4753362
327.4753362
327.4753362
327.4753362
327.4753362
327.4753362
327.4753362
327.4753362
327.4753362
327.4753362

769.289945
769.289945
769.289945
769.289945
769.289945
769.289945
769.289945
769.289945
769.289945
769.289945

4.104881
17.05195
16.86195
15.63148
14.38292
14.01197
13.1434
12.27483
11.40627
10.71141

Equation
y = 3.285x - 259.18
Direct Forward

V1 F

304.414

y = 1.321x - 67.65

V1 R

355.2398

Reverse

137.416

V1

329.8269

Average

135.279

Refract Forward
Direct Reverse

y = -2.815x + 428.97

Refract Reverse

y = -1.608x + 262.84

Travel time
C

78
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
152

137.416
134
120.4
99.7
84.6
71.5
53.8
37.72
21.64
18.424

Source to source time

133.142
Forward

T-Minus

Forward
T -T
TSD (s) Reverse SD SD
TSD (s)
35.388
38.03
51.24
64.45
80.7
89.2
102
114.3
134.2
133.142

V1 (m/s)

-102.028
-95.97
-69.16
-35.25
-3.9
17.7
48.2
76.58
112.56
114.718

T plus

V1

V2

hD

37.525
36.751
36.361
28.871
30.021
25.421
20.521
16.741
20.561
16.287

329.826895
329.826895
329.826895
329.826895
329.826895
329.826895
329.826895
329.826895
329.826895
329.826895

682.826903
682.826903
682.826903
682.826903
682.826903
682.826903
682.826903
682.826903
682.826903
682.826903

7.067561
6.921783
6.84833
5.437643
5.654237
4.78786
3.864981
3.153045
3.872515
3.067538

Direct Forward

SP3 SP4

Equation
y = 3.1x - 471.13

V1 F

344.3526

Forward

y = 1.13x - 109.35

V1 R

322.5806

Reverse

143.266

V1

333.4666

Average

144.083

Refract Forward
Direct Reverse

y = -2.904x + 657.87

Refract Reverse

y = -1.017x + 297.85

V1 (m/s)

Source to source time

144.9

Travel time
C

152
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
225
230

T-Minus

Forward Reverse
TSD - TSD
TSD (s)
TSD (s)
62.41
71.45
82.75
94.05
104.3
117.7
129
138.2
144.9
141.8

143.266
134.4
125.1
116.7
104.62
94.45
84.28
74.11
69.025
16.3

-80.856
-62.95
-42.35
-22.65
-0.32
23.25
44.72
64.09
75.875
125.5

T plus

V1

V2

hD

61.593
61.767
63.767
66.667
64.837
68.067
69.197
68.227
69.842
14.017

333.4666311
333.4666311
333.4666311
333.4666311
333.4666311
333.4666311
333.4666311
333.4666311
333.4666311
333.4666311

931.532371
931.532371
931.532371
931.532371
931.532371
931.532371
931.532371
931.532371
931.532371
931.532371

10.99847
11.02954
11.38667
11.90451
11.57774
12.15451
12.35629
12.18308
12.47146
2.502971

SP1 SP4

Equation
y = 3.004x - 12.86
Direct Forward
y = 1.2266x + 68.641
Refract Forward
Direct Reverse

y = -2.904x + 657.87

Refract Reverse

y = -1.3205x + 336.08

Travel time
C

Forward
TSD (s)

0
5
10

16.4
74.774
80.907

Reverse
TSD (s)

V1 (m/s)
V1 F

332.8895

Source to source time

344.626
Forward

V1 R

344.3526

Reverse

329.4775

338.621

Average

337.05175

V1

T-Minus

TSD - TSD

350
-333.6
329.4775 -254.7035
333.3
-252.393

T plus

V1

29.34825
67.19975
77.15525

338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489

V2

hD

785.175879 5.507466
785.175879 12.61064
785.175879 14.47888

20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
225
230

93.173
105.439
117.705
129.971
154.3
164.9
175.1
181.6
185.8
196.5
203.3
211.6
227.1
246.5
259.9
283.2
294.6
310.1
323.6
329.1
339.1
344.626
344.1

317
303.5
286.4
275.2
254.7
242.2
227.4
207.5
190.4
176.8
159.1
151.6
147.6
142.6
134.4
125.1
116.7
85.185
71.98
58.775
45.57
38.9675
16.3

-223.827
-198.061
-168.695
-145.229
-100.4
-77.3
-52.3
-25.9
-4.6
19.7
44.2
60
79.5
103.9
125.5
158.1
177.9
224.915
251.62
270.325
293.53
305.6585
327.8

73.12125
71.88725
67.05325
68.11925
71.94825
70.04825
65.44825
52.04825
39.14825
36.24825
25.34825
26.14825
37.64825
52.04825
57.24825
71.24825
74.24825
58.23325
58.52825
50.82325
47.61825
46.54175
23.34825

338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489
338.6210489

785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879
785.175879

13.72187
13.4903
12.58315
12.7832
13.50174
13.14519
12.28196
9.767327
7.346525
6.802313
4.756829
4.906957
7.065036
9.767327
10.74315
13.37038
13.93336
10.928
10.98336
9.537444
8.935997
8.733982
4.381511

III. PEMBAHASAN
Dalam interpretasi metode plus minus, asumsi awal adalah refraktor memiliki
permukaan yang irregular atau berundulasi sehingga terdapat beda waktu/tambahan waktu

(delay time) penjalaraan gelombang saat mengalami refraksi jika dibandingkan dengan saat
gelombang melalui refraktor yang miring tanpa berundulasi.
Secara matematis, nilai beda waktu (delay time) berbanding lurus dengan kedalaman
refraktor, sehingga jika nilainya semakin besar maka lapisan akan semakin dalam.
Hasil pengolahan data lintasan B:

Dari hasil model pertama, delay time yang cukup besar terdapat antara SP1 dan SP2
yang ditunjukkan dengan refraktor yang cukup dalam yakni maksimal pada kedalaman 17.5
m. Semakin bertambahnya jarak yakni menuju ke SP4 nilai delay time semakin kecil yang
ditandai dengan refraktor yang cukup dangkal yakni hingga 11.8 m. Pada model pertama ini,
nilai delay time berubah secara bertahap seiring dengan bertambahnya jarak sehingga
undulasi tidak terlalu terlihat melainkan lapisan cenderung miring ke arah SP1
Hasil pengolahan data lintasan B (noisy):

Dari hasil pengolahan tersebut, terlihat bahwa meskipun data sedikit noisy, tapi tidak terlalu
mempengaruhi hasil. Trend kemiringan dari model yang dihasilkan sama dengan model hasil
pengolahan data yang tidak noisy. Hanya saja pada model terlihat lebih jelas undulasinya.
IV.KESIMPULAN

V.

Metode plus minus dapat digunakan untuk mencari ketebalan lapisan lapuk (weathered
layer).
Metode plus minus mengasumsikan bahwa refraktor memiliki permukaan yang
irregular atau berundulasi sehingga terdapat beda waktu/tambahan waktu (delay time)
penjalaraan gelombang saat mengalami refraksi jika dibandingkan dengan saat
gelombang melalui refraktor yang miring tanpa berundulasi.
Nilai beda waktu (delay time) berbanding lurus dengan kedalaman refraktor, sehingga
jika nilainya semakin besar maka lapisan akan semakin dalam.

REFERENSI
Hartantyo Eddy. 2002. Modul Praktikum Seismik Refraksi (Bias) Beserta Analisis
Komputasi Numeriknya. Yogyakarta: Laboratorium Geofisika FMIPA UGM.