ûvksadkj lfrxqj izlkfn AA

vYi vk;q ds 'kghn

'kghn dh ifjHkk"kk
tks euq"; yxkrkj pqukSrh nsus ij Hkh vius vkn'kZ ij n`<+rk ls MVk gqvk vius izk.kksa dh vkgqfr ns ns vFkok cfynku
gks tk, fdUrq viuh /kj.kk esa ifjorZu u yk,] ,sls cfynkuh iq#"k dks 'kghn dgrs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ftl euq"; dks vius
izk.k lqjf{kr djus ds fy, 'k=kqvksa }kjk de ls de ,d volj iznku fd;k tk, fQj Hkh og vius vkn'kZoknh ekxZ dks R;kx
nsus ds fy, rS;kj u gks] og 'kghn dgykrk gSA j.k{ks=k esa ;q¼jr lSfudksa ij Hkh ;gh fl¼kar ykxw gksrk gSA mu dks Hkh fojks/
h i{k ds lSfud 'kL=k&vL=k Mky nsus ds fy, foo'k djrs gSaA vFkok Hkkxus dk iwjk volj iznku djrs gSaA fdUrq ns'k HkDr
lSfud ,slk u dj] ns'k ds dke vkus dks gh viuk y{; ekurs gSaA vFkkZr~ fot; vFkok e`R;q esa ls fdlh ,d dh izkfIr dh
dkeuk gh mudks 'kghn dk ntkZ nsrh gSA

i`"BHkwfe
;g ohj xkFkk mu lqdqekjkas dh gS _ ftu dh 'kgknr ds le; vHkh nw/ ds nk¡r Hkh ugha fxjs FksA mu ds firk Jh xq: xksfcUn fla?k
th rRdkyhu lezkV vkSajxts+c ls yEcs le; ls yksgk ys jgs Fks A lezkV us yEcs ;q¼ ls ijs'kku gksdj] foo'krk esa Jh xq: xksfcUn fla?k th
dks ,d fo'ks"k laf/ dk eqlkSnk HkstkA ftl esa mlus Lo;a ifo=k dqjku dh 'kiFk ysdj xq:nso ls vkxzg fd;k fd og laf/ i=k dh bckjr
dh fo'ks"k /kjkvksa ds vuq:i ns'k ds fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa fcuk Hk; ds fopj.k dj ldrs gSa_ mu ds tku&eky dh lykerh (lqj{kk) dh tekur
nh tk;sxhA c&'krsZ fd og ,d ckj gekjh vku&cku cuk;s j[kus ds fy, vkuaniqj dk fdyk [kkyh dj nsaA bl chp gekjk lSU; cy vkidks
ldq'ky dgha Hkh tkus nsaxk vkSj fdlh izdkj dh {kfr ugha igq¡pk,axkA
xq:nso dks vkSjaxts+c dh dqjku dh dleksa ij fcydqy Hkh Hkjkslk u FkkA og tkurs Fks fd jktuhfrK Ny&diVh gksrs gaSA vr%
og cgqr lrdZ FksA fdUrq fdys esa jln ds vHkko ls rax gksdj fl[k lSfudksa dh vkSj ls Hkh xq:nso ij Hkkjh ncko cuk gqvk Fkk fd og le;
dk ykHk mBkdj fdys dks R;kx nsaA bl izdkj laf/ ds vuqNsn nks ds vuqlkj xq:nso dks fdyk R;kxus ij iz'kklu dh vksj ls lqj{kk iznku
dh tkuh FkhA ftl ij lezkV ds vfrfjDr ofj"B lSfud vf/dkjh;ksa ds gLrk{kj Hkh FksA
xq:nso us lko/kuh ls dk;Z djrs gq, 'khr ½rq dh lc ls NksVh jkf=k ds eè; 20 fnlEcj]1704 lu~ dks vkuaniqj dk fdyk
vdLekr R;kx fn;kA ml le; ?ku?kksj o"kkZ gks jgh Fkh vkSj lnhZ iwjs ;kSou ij FkhA

vYi vk;q ds 'kghn

jkr va/sjh vkSj ljlk unh dh ck<+ ds dkj.k Jh xq: xksfcUn fla?k th dk ifjokj dkfQys ls fcNqM+ x;kA ekrk xqtj dkSj (xqtjh
th)] ds lkFk muds nks NksVs iksrs Fks] vius jlksb;s xaxk jke (xaxq) czkã.k ds lkFk vkxs c<+rh gqbZ jkLrk HkVd xbZA mUgsas x¡xk jke us lq>ko
fn;k fd ;fn vki esjs lkFk esjs xkao lgsM+h pyas rks ;g ladV dk le; lgt gh O;rhr gks tk,xkA ekrk th us Lohd`fr ns nh vkSj lgsM+h xkao
x¡xk jke jlksb;s ds ?kj igq¡p x;sA ekrk xqtjh th ds ikl ,d FkSyh Fkh] ftuesa dqN Lo.kZ eqnzk,a Fkha ftu ij xaxk jke dh n`f"V iM+ xbZA
xaxw dh uh;r [kjkc gks xbZA mlus jkr esa lksrs gq, ekrk xqtjh th ds rfd;s ds uhps ls Lo.kZ eqnzkvksa dh FkSyh pqids ls pqjk yh vkSj Nr
ij p<+ dj pksj pksj dk 'kksj epkus yxkA ekrk th us mls 'kkar djkus dk iz;kl fd;k fdUrq xaxw rks pksj&prqj dk ukVd dj jgk FkkA
bl ij ekrk th us dgk xaxw FkSyh [kks xbZ gS rks dksbZ ckr ugha] cl dsoy rqe 'kkar cus jgksA fdUrq xaxw ds eu esa /S;Z dgka \ mUgha fnuksa
ljfgUn ds uokc othn [k+ku us xk¡o&xk¡o esa f<a<ksjk fiVok fn;k fd xq:nso o muds ifjokj dks dksbZ iukg u nsA iukg nsus okyksa dks l[r
ltk nh tk;sxh vkSj mUgsas idM+okus okykas dks buke fn;k tk,xkA
x¡xk jke igys rks ;g ,syku lqudj Hk;Hkhr gks x;k fd eSa [kke[okg eqlhcr esa Q¡l tkÅxkA fQj mlus lkspk fd ;fn ekrk th
o lkfgct+knksa dks idM+ok nwa rks ,d rks lwcs ds dksi ls cp tkšxk rFkk nwljk buke Hkh izkIr d:axkA
xaxw ued gjke fudykA mlus eksfjaaMk dh dksrokyh esa dksroky dks lwpuk nsdj buke ds ykyp esa cPpksa dks idM+ok fn;kA
Fkkusnkj us ekrk th ls iwNrkN dh] tc mls ekywe gqvk xaxw us gh Lo.kZ eqnzk,a pqjkbZ gSa rks mlus buke nsus ds cnys] xaxw dh [kwc ejEer
dh vkSj FkSyh cjken dj yhA
 Fkkusnkj us ,d cSyxkM+h esa ekrk th rFkk cPpksa dks ljfgUn ds uokc ot+hn [k+ku ds ikl dM+s igjs esa fHktok fn;kA ogka mUgsas lnZ
½rq dh jkr esa B.Ms cqjt esa cUn dj fn;k x;k vkSj muds fy, Hkkstu dh O;oLFkk rd ugha dh xbZA nwljh lqcg ,d nks/h us ekrk th
rFkk cPpksa dks nw/ fiyk;kA
uokc ot+hn[kku tks xq: xksfcUn fla?k th dks thfor idM+us ds fy, lkr ekg rd lsuk lfgr vkuUniqj ds vklikl HkVdrk
jgk] ijUrq fujk'k gksdj okil ykSV vk;k Fkk] mlus tc xq:nso ds eklwe cPpksa rFkk o`¼ ekrk dks vius dSfn;ksa ds :i esa ns[kk rks cgqr
izlUu gqvkA mlus vxyh lqcg cPpksa dks dpgjh esa is'k djus ds fy, Qjeku tkjh dj fn;kA
fnlEcj dh cQZ tSlh B.Mh jkr dks] B.Ms cqjt esa cSBh ekrk xqtjh th vius uUgsa uUgsa nksuksa iksrksa dks 'kjhj ds lkFk yxkdj xekZrh
vkSj pwe&pwe dj lqykus dk iz;Ru djrh jghaA
ekrk th us Hkksj gksrs gh eklweksa dks txk;k rFkk Lusg ls rS;kj fd;kA nknh&iksrksa ls dgus yxh ^irk gasS! rqe ml xksfcUn fla?k ^'ksj*
xq: ds cPps gks] ftlus vR;kpkfj;ksa ls dHkh gkj ugha ekuhA /eZ dh vku rFkk 'kku ds cnys ftlus viuk loZ=k nkao ij yxk fn;k vkSj blls
igys vius firk dks Hkh 'kghnh nsus ds fy, izsfjr fd;k FkkA ns[kuk dgha ot+hn [k+ku }kjk fn;s x;s ykyp vFkok Hk; ds dkj.k /eZ esa detksjh
u fn[kk nsukA vius firk o /eZ dh 'kku dks tku U;kSNkoj djds Hkh dk;e j[kukA
nknh] iksrksa dks ;g lc dqN le>k gh jgh Fkh fd ot+hn [k+ku ds flikgh nksuksa lkfgctknksa dks dpgjh esa ys tkus ds fy, vk x;sA
tkrs gq, nknh ek¡ us fQj lfgctknksa dks pwek vkSj ihB ij gkFk Qsjrs gq, mUgsa flikfg;ksa ds lax Hkst fn;kA
dpgjh dk cM+k njoktk can FkkA lkfgct+knksa dks f[kM+dh ls vUnj izos'k djus dks dgk x;kA jkLrs esa mUgsas ckj ckj dgk x;k Fkk
fd dpgjh esa ?kqlrs gh uokc ds le{k 'kh'k >qdkuk gSA tks flikgh lkFk tk jgs Fks os igys lj >qdk dj f[kM+dh ds }kjk vUnj nkf[ky gq,A
muds ihNs lkgct+kns FksA mUgksaus f[kM+dh esa igys iSj vkxs fd;s vkSj fQj flj fudkykA Fkkusnkj us cPpksa dks le>k;k fd os uokc ds njckj
esa >qddj lyke djsa] fdUrq cPpksa us blds foijhr mÙkj fn;k vkSj dgk & ;g flj geus vius firk xq: xksfcUn fla?k ds gokys fd;k gqvk
gS] blfy, bl dks dgha vkSj >qdkus dk iz'u gh mRiUu ugha gksrkA
dpgjh esa uokc ot+hn[kku ds lkFk vkSj Hkh cM+s cM+s njckjh cSBs gq, FksA njckj esa izos'k djrs gh tksjkoj fla?k rFkk Qrsg fla?k nksuksa
HkkbZ;ksa us xtZ dj t;dkjk yxk;k & ^okfgxq: th dk [kkylk] okfgxq: th dh Qrsg*A uokc rFkk njckjh] cPpksa dk lkgl ns[kdj vk'p;Z
esa iM+ x;sA ,d njckjh lqPpk uan us cPpksa ls dgk & ,s cPpksa ! uokc lkgc dks >qddj lyke djksA lkfgct+knksa us mÙkj fn;k] ^ge xq:
rFkk bZ'oj ds vfrfjDr fdlh dks Hkh 'kh'k ugha >qdkrs] ;gh f'k{kk gesa izkIr gqbZ gS*A
uokc ot+hn[kku dgus yxk] & ^vks, rqEgkjk firk rFkk rqEgkjs nksuksa cM+s HkkbZ ;q¼ esa ekj fn;s x;s gSaA rqEgkjh rks fdLer vPNh
gS tks esjs njckj esa thfor igq¡p x;s gksA bLyke /eZ dks dcwy dj yks rks rqEgsa jgus dks egy] [kkus dks Hkkafr Hkkafr ds idoku rFkk iguus
dks js'keh oL=k feysaxsA rqEgkjh lsok esa gj le; lsod jgsaxsA cM+s gks tkvksxs rks cM+s&cM+s eqlyeku tjuSyksa dh lqUnj csfV;ksa ls rqEgkjh 'kknh
dj nh tk;sxhA rqEgsa flD[kh ls D;k ysuk gS \ flD[k /eZ dks geus tM+ ls m[kkM+ nsuk gSA ge flD[k uke dh fdlh oLrq dks jgus gh ugha
nsaxsA ;fn eqlyeku cuuk Lohdkj ugha djksxs rks d"V ns nsdj ekj fn;s tkvksxs vkSj rqEgkjs 'kjhj ds VqdM+s lM+dksa ij yVdk fn;s tk;axs rkfd
Hkfo"; esa dksbZ flD[k cuus dk lkgl uk dj ldsA** uokc cksyRkk x;kA igys rks cPps mldh ew[kZrk ij eqLdjkrs jgs] fQj uokc }kjk Mjkus
ij muds psgjs yky gks x;sA
bl ckj tksjkoj fla?k ngkM+ mBk & gekjs firk vej gSaA mls ekjus okyk dksbZ tUek gh ughaA ml ij vdky iq:"k (izHkq) dk gkFk
gSA ml ohj ;ks¼k dks ekjuk vlEHko gSA nwljh ckr jgh] bLyke dcwy djus dh ] rks gesa flD[kh tku ls vf/d I;kjh gSA nqfu;ka dk dksbZ
Hkh ykyp o Hk; gesa flD[kh ls ugha fxjk ldrkA ge firk xq: xksfcUn fla?k ds 'ksj cPps gSa rFkk 'ksjksa dh HkkfUr fdlh ls ugha MjrsA ge
bLyke /eZ dHkh Hkh Lohdkj ugha djsaxsA rqeus tks djuk gks] dj ysukA gekjs nknk Jh xq: rsx cgknqj lkfgc us 'kghn gksuk rks Lohdkj dj
fy;k ijUrq /eZ ls fopfyr ugha gq,A ge mlh nknk th ds iksrs gSa] ge thrs th mudh 'kku dks vkap ugha vkus nsaxsA
lkr o"kZ ds tksjkoj fla?k rFkk ik¡p o"kZ ds Qrsg fla?k ds eq¡g ls cgknqjksa okys ;s 'kCn lqudj lkjs njckj esa pqIih Nk xbZA uokc
ot+hn [k+ku Hkh cPpksa dh cgknqjh ls izHkkfor gq, fcuk u jg ldkA ijUrq mlus dkt+h dks lkfgct+knksa ds ckjs esa Qrok (ltk) nsus dks dgk
& dkt+h us mÙkj fn;k fd cPpksa ds ckjs esa Qrok (n.M) ugha lquk;k tk ldrkA bl ij lqPpkuUn cksyk] & bruh vYi vk;q esa ;s jkt
njckj esa bruh vkx mxy ldrs gSa rks cM+s gksdj rks gdwer dks gh vkx yxk nsaxsA ;s cPps ugha] lk¡i gSa] flj ls iSj rd t+gj ls Hkjs gq,A
,d xq: xksfcUn fla?k gh cl esa ugha vkrs rks tc ;s cM+s gks x;s rks mlls Hkh nks dne vkxs c<+ tk;saxsA lk¡i dks iSnk gksrs gh ekj nsuk pkfg,A
ns[kks] budk gkSlyk ! uokc dk vieku djus ls ugha f>>dsA budk rks vHkh ls dke reke dj nsuk pkfg,A uokc us ckdh njckfj;ksa dh
vksj iz'uokpd n`f"V ls ns[kk fd dksbZ vkSj lqPpkuUn dh ckr dk leFkZu djrk gS vFkok ugha] ijUrq lHkh njckjh ewfrZozr [kM+s jgsA fdlh
us Hkh lqPpk uUn dh gk¡ esa gk¡ ugha feykbZA
rc ot+hn [k+ku us ekysjdksVys ds uokc ls iwNk] & ^^vkidk D;k [;ky gS \ vkidk HkkbZ vkSj Hkrhtk Hkh rks xq: ds gkFkksa
pedkSj esa ekjs x;s gSaA yks vc 'kqHk volj vk x;k gS cnyk ysus dk] bu cPpksa dks eSa vkids gokys djrk gw¡A bUgsa e`R;q n.M nsdj vki
vius HkkbZ&Hkrhts dk cnyk ys ldrs gSA**
ekysjdksVys dk uokc iBku iq=k FkkA ml 'ksj fny iBku us eklwe cPpksa ls cnyk ysus ls lkQ bUdkj dj fn;k vkSj mlus dgk]
& ^^bu cPpksa dk D;k dlwj gS \ ;fn cnyk ysuk gh gS rks buds cki ls ysuk pkfg,A esjk HkkbZ vkSj Hkrhtk xq: xksfcUn fla?k ds lkFk ;q¼
djrs gq, j.k{ks=k esa 'kghn gq, gSa] dRy ugha fd;s x;s gSaA bu cPpksa dks ekjuk eSa cqt+fnyh le>rk gw¡A vr% bu csdlwj cPpksa dks NksM+ nhft,A
ekysjdksVys dk uokc 'ksjeqgEen [k+ku pedkSj ds ;q¼ ls ot+hn [k+ku ds lkFk gh okfil vk;k Fkk vkSj og vHkh ljfgUn esa gh FkkA
uokc ij lqPpk uUn }kjk cPpksa ds fy, nh xbZ lykg dk izHkko rks iM+k] ij og cPpksa dks ekjus dh ctk; bLyke esa 'kkfey djus
ds gd esa FkkA og pkgrk Fkk fd bfrgkl ds iUuksa ij fy[kk tk; fd xq: xkfcUn fla?k ds cPpksa us fl[k /eZ ls bLyke dks vPNk le>k
vkSj eqlyeku cu x,A viuh bl bPNk dh iwfrZ gsrq mlus xqLls ij fu;a=k.k dj fy;k rFkk dgus yxk] ¶cPpksa tkvks] viuh nknh ds iklA
dy vkdj esjh ckrksa dk lgh&lgh lkspdj mÙkj nsukA nknh ls Hkh lykg dj ysukA gks ldrk gS rqEgsa I;kj djus okyh nknh rqEgkjh tku
dh j{kk ds fy, rqEgkjk bLyke esa vkuk dcwy dj ysA¸
cPps dqN dguk pkgrs Fks ijUrq ot+hn [k+ku 'kh?kz gh mBdj ,d rjQ gks x;k vkSj flikgh cPpksa dks nknh eka dh vksj ysdj
py fn,A
cPpksa dks iw.kZ flD[kh Lo:i esa rFkk psgjksa ij iwoZ dh Hkkafr tyky ns[kdj nknh us lq[k dh lkal yhA vdky iqj[k dk fny ls
/U;okn fd;k vkSj cPpksa dks ckgksa esa lesV fy;kA dkQh nsj rd cPps nknh ds vfyaXu esa I;kj dk vkuUn ysrs jgsA nknh us vka[ksa [kksyha dykbZ
<hyh dh] rc rd flikgh tk pqds FksA
vc ekrk xqtjh th vkfgLrk&vkfgLrk iksrksa ls dpgjh esa gq, okrkZyki ds ckjs esa iwNus yxhA cPpsa Hkh nknh eka dks dpgj h esa
gq, okrkZyki ds ckjs esa crkus yxsA mUgksaus lqPpk uUn dh vksj ls tyrh ij rsy Mkyus ds ckjs Hkh nknh eka dks crk;kA
nknh eka us dgk] ^^'kkck'k cPpkas! rqeus vius firk rFkk nknk dh 'kku dks dk;e j[kk gSA dy fQj rqEgsa dpgjh esa vkSj vf/
d ykyp rFkk Mjkos fn;s tk,axsA ns[kuk] vkt dh Hkk¡fr /eZ dks tku ls Hkh vf/d I;kjk le>uk vkSj ,sls gh n`<+ jgukA vxj d"V fn,
tk,¡ rks vdky iqj[k dk è;ku djrs gq, Jh xq: rsx cgknqj lkfgc vkSj Jh xq: vtqZu nso lkfgc dh 'kgknr dks lkeus ykus dk iz;kl djukA
HkkbZ efrnkl vkSj HkkbZ n;kyk us Hkh xq: pj.kksa dk è;ku djrs gq, eqLdjkrs&eqLdjkrs ru fpjok fy;k vkSj ikuh esa mcyok fy;k FkkA rqEgkjs
fonk gksus ij eSa Hkh rqEgkjs flD[kh&flnd dh ifjiDrk ds fy, xq: pj.kksa esa vkSj vdky iqj[k ds le{k fleju esa tqM+ dj vjnkl djrh
jgq¡xh gw¡A ;g dgrs&dgrs nknh ek¡ cPpksa dks viuh vfyaxu (xksn] cxy) esa ysdj lks xbZA
vxys fnu Hkh dpgjh esa igys tSls gh lc dqN gqvk vkSj Hkh T;knk ykyp fn;s x;s rFkk /edk;k x;kA cPps /eZ ls ugha MksysA
uokc us ykyp nsdj cPpksa dks /eZ ls Qqlykus dk iz;Ru fd;kA mlus dgk fd ;fn os bLyke Lohdkj dj ysa rks mUgsa tkxhjsa nh tk,axhA
cM+s gksdj 'kkgh [kkunku dh 'kgt+kfn;ksa ds lkFk fookg dj fn;k tk,xkA 'kkgh [ktkus ds eq¡g muds fy, [kksy fn, tk,axsA
uokc dk [;ky Fkk fd Hkksyh&Hkkyh lwjr okys ;s cPps ykyp esa vk tk,axsA ij os rks xq: xksfcUn fla?k ds cPps Fks] ekewyh bUlku
ds ughaA mUgksaus fdlh 'krZ vFkok ykyp esa vkdj bLyke Lohdkj djus ls ,dne bUdkj dj fn;kA
vc uokc /efd;ksa ij mrj vk;kA xqLls ls yky ihyk gksdj dgus yxk & ^;fn bLyke dcwy u fd;k rks ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj
fn, tkvksxsA Qk¡lh p<+k nw¡xkA ftUnk nhokj esa fpuok nw¡xkA cksyks] D;k eatwj gS & ekSr ;k bLyke \&
t+kjs koj fla?k us gYdh lh eqLdjkgV gksBksa ij ykrs gq, vius HkkbZ ls dgk] ^HkkbZ] gekjs 'kghn gksus dk volj vk x;k gSA Bhd mlh
rjg tSls gekjs nknk xq: rsxcgknqj us fnYyh ds pk¡nuh pkSd esa 'kh'k nsdj 'kghnh ikbZ FkhA rqEgkjk D;k [;ky gS\
Qrsg fla?k us mÙkj fn;k] ^HkkbZ th] gekjs nknk th us 'kh'k fn;k ij /eZ u gha NksM+kA mudk mnkgj.k gekjs lkeus gSA geus [k.Ms
dk ve`r iku fd;k gqvk gSA gesa e`R;q ls D;k Hk;\ esjk rks fopkj gS fd ge Hkh viuk 'kh'k /eZ ds fy, nsdj eqxyksa ij izHkq ds dgj dh
ykur MkysaA
t+ksjkoj fla?k us dgk]& ^^ge xq: xksfcUn fla?k tSlh egku~ gLrh ds iq=k gSaA tSls gekjs nknk xq: rsxcgknqj 'kghn gks pqds gaSA oSls
gh ge vius [kkunku dh ijEijk dks cuk, j[ksaxsA gekjs [kkunku dh jhfr gS] ^flj tkos rks tkos] ij flD[kh flnd u tk;sA* ge /eZ
ifjorZu dh ckr Bqdjk dj Qk¡lh ds r[rs dks pwesaxsA*
tks'k esa vkdj Qrsg fla?k us dgk & ^lqu js lwcsnkj ! ge rsjs nhu dks Bqdjkrs gSaA viuk /eZ ugha NksMa+sxsA vjs ew[kZ] rw gesa nqfu;k
dk ykyp D;k nsrk gS \ ge rsjs >kals esa vkus okys ughaA gekjs nknk th dks ekj dj eqxyksa us ,d vfXu izTofyr dj nh gS] ftlesa os Lo;¡
HkLe gksdj jgsaxsA gekjh e`R;q bl vfXu dks gok nsdj Tokyk cuk nsxhA
lqPpk uUn us uokc dks ijke'kZ fn;k fd cPpksa dh ijh{kk yh tkuh pkfg,A vr% mudks vusdksa HkkfUr HkkfUr ds f[kykSus fn;s x;sA
cPpksa us mu f[kykSuksa esa ls /uq"k ck.k] ryokj bR;kfn vL=k&'kL=k :i okys f[kykSus pqu fy,A tc mu ls iwNk x;k fd blls vki D;k djksxs
rks mudk mÙkj Fkk ;q¼ vH;kl djsaxsA othn [k+ku us p<+nh dyk ds fopkj lqudj_ dkt+h ds eu esa ;g ckr cSB xbZ fd lqPpk uUn Bhd
gh dgrk gS fd lk¡i ds cPps lk¡i gh gksrs gSaA othn [k+ku us dkt+h ls ijke'kZ djus ds i'pkr~ mldks nksckjk Qrok nsus dks dgk & bl
ckj dkt+h us dgk fd cPps dlwjokj gSa D;ksafd cxkor ij rqys gq, gSaA budks fdys dh nhokjksa esa fpu dj dRy dj nsuk pkfg,A
dpgjh esa cSBs ekysjdksVys ds uokc 'ksj eqgEen us dgk] ¶uokc lkgc bu cPpksa us dksbZ dlwj ugha fd;k buds firk ds dlwj
dh lt+k bUgsa ugha feyuh pkfg,A bLyke dh 'kjg vuqlkj lt+k mlh dks feyuh pkfg, tks dlwjokj gks] nwljksa dks ughaA¸
dkt+h cksyk] ¶'ksj eqgEen! bLykeh 'kjg dks eSa rqels csgrj tkurk gw¡A eSaus 'kjg ds vuqlkj gh ltk lquk nh gSA¸
rhljs fnu cPpksa dks dpgjh Hkstrs le; nknh ek¡ dh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus gksus okys dk.M dh rLohj curh tk jgh FkhA nknh ek¡ dks
fu'p; Fkk fd vkt dk fcNksM+k cPpksa ls lnk ds fy, fcNksM+k cu tk,xkA ijUrq ;dhu Fkk ekrk xqtjh th dks fd esjs eklwe iksrs vkt thou
dqckZu djds Hkh /eZ dh j{kk djsaxsA
eklwe iksrksa dks th Hkj dj I;kj fd;k] ekFkk pwek] ihB FkiFkikbZ vkSj fonk fd;k ckonhZ flikfg;ksa ds lkFk] gksuh ls fuiVus ds
fy;sA nknh ek¡ fVdfVdh yxk dj rc rd lqUnj cPpksa dh vksj ns[krh jgh tc rd os vk¡[kksa ls vks>y u gks x;sA
ekrk xqtjh th iksrksa dks flikfg;ksa ds lkFk Hkst dj okfil BaMs cqjt esa xq: pj.ksa esa è;ku yxk dj okfgxq: ds nj ij izkFkZuk djus
yxh] ¶gs vdky iqj[k! cPpksa ds flD[kh&flnd dks dk;e j[kus esa lgkbZ gksukA nkrk! /hjt vkSj cy nsuk bu eklwe xq: iq=kksa dks rkfd
cPps d"Vksa dk lkeuk cgknqjh ls dj ldsaA
rhljs fnu lkfgct+knksa dks dpgjh esa ykdj Mjk;k /edk;k x;kA muls dgk x;k fd ;fn os bLyke viuk yas rks mudk dlwj
ekQ fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mUgsa 'kgtknksa tSls lq[k&lqfo/k,a izkIr gks ldrh gSaA fdUrq lkfgct+kns vius fu'p; ij vVy jgsA mu dh
n`<+rk Fkh fd flD[kh 'kku ds'kksa 'oklksa ds lax fuHkkuh gSaA mudh n`<+rk dks ns[k dj mUgsa fdys dh nhokj dh uhao esa fpuokus dh rS;kjh
vkjEHk dj nh xbZ fdUrq cPpksa dks 'kghn djus ds fy, dksbZ tYykn rS;kj u gqvkA vdLekr~ fnYyh ds 'kkgh tYykn lk'ky csx o ck'ky
csx vius ,d eqdíesa ds lEcU/ esa ljfgUn vk;sA mUgksaus vius eqdíesa esa ekQh dk ok;nk ysdj lkfgct+knksa dks 'kghn djuk eku fy;kA
cPpksa dks muds gokys dj fn;k x;kA mUgksaus tksjkoj fla?k o Qrsg fla?k dks fdys dh uhao esa [kM+k djds muds vkl ikl nhokj fpuokuh
izkjEHk dj nhA
curs&curs nhokj tc Qrsg fla?k ds flj ds fudV vk xbZ rks tksjkoj fla?k nq%[kh nh[kus yxsA dkft+;ksa us lkspk 'kk;n os ?kcjk
x, gSa vkSj vc /eZ ifjorZu ds fy, rS;kj gks tk;saxsA muls nq%[kh gksus dk dkj.k iwNk x;k rks tksjkoj cksys ¶e`R;q Hk; rks eq>s fcYdqy ughaA
eSa rks lkspdj mnkl gwa fd eSa cM+k gwa] Qrsg fla?k NksVk gSaA nqfu;k esa eSa igys vk;k FkkA blfy, ;gka ls tkus dk Hkh igyk vf/dkj esjk
gSA Qrsg fla?k dks /eZ ij cfynku gks tkus dk lqvolj eq> ls igys fey jgk gSA
NksVs HkkbZ Qrsg fla?k us xq:ok.kh dh iafDr dgdj nks o"kZ cM+s HkkbZ dks lkaRouk nhA
fpark rkfd dhft,] tks vugksuh gksbA
bg ekjfx l¡lkj esa] ukud fFkj ufg dksbA
vkSj /eZ ij n`<+ cus jgus dk ladYi nksgjk;k &
 cPpksa us viuk è;ku xq: pj.kksa esa tksM+k vkSj xq:ck.kh dk ikB djus yxsA ikl esa [kM+s dkt+h us dgk&¶vHkh Hkh eqlyeku cu
tkvks] NksM+ fn;s tkvksxsA cPpksa us dkt+h dh ckr dh vksj dksbZ è;ku ugha fn;k vfirq mUgksaus viuk eu izHkq ls tksM+s j[kkA nhokj Qrsg fla?k
ds xys rd igqap xbZ dkt+h ds ladsr ls ,d tYykn us Qrsg fla?k rFkk ml ds cM+s HkkbZ tksjkoj fla?k dk 'kh'k ryokj ds ,d okj ls dye
dj fn;kA bl izdkj Jh xq: xksfcUn fla?k th ds lqiq=kksa us vYi vk;q es gh 'kgknr izkIr dhA
ekrk xqtjh th cPps ds ykSVus dh izrh{kk esa xqEcn dh ehukj ij [kM+h gksdj jkg fugkj jgh Fkh fd mu dks ihNs ls fdlh nq"V
us /Ddk ns fn;k ftl ls og yM+[kM+k dj uhps fxj iM+h vkSj mu dk fu/u gks x;kA
LFkkuh; fuoklh tkSgjh VksMjey dks tc xq:nso ds cPpksa dks ;kruk,¡ nsdj dRy djus ds gqDe ds fo"k; esa Kkr gqvk rks og
viuk leLr /u ysdj cPpksa dks NqM+okus ds fopkj ls dpgjh igq¡pk fdUrq ml le; cPpksa dks 'kghn fd;k tk pqdk FkkA mlus uokc ls
vaR;sf"V fØ;k ds fy, cPpksa ds 'ko ek¡xsA ot+hn [k+ku us dgk & ;fn rqe bl dk;Z ds fy, Hkwfe] Lo.kZ eqnzk,a fcNk dj [kjhn ldrs gks
rks rqEgsa 'ko fn;s tk ldrs gSaA VksMjey us viuk leLr /u Hkwfe ij fcNkdj ,d pkjikbZ ftruh Hkwfe [kjhn yh vkSj rhuksa 'koksa dh ,d
lkFk vaR;sf"V dj nhA
;g lkjk fdLlk xq: ds flD[kksa us xq: xksfcUn fla?k dks uwjh ekgh }kjk lquk;k x;k rks ml le; vius gkFk esa idM+s gq, rhj dh
uksad ds lkFk ,d NksVs ls ikS/s dks tM+ ls m[kkM+rs gq, mUgksaus dgk & tSls eSaus ;g ikS/k tM+ ls m[kkM+k gS] ,sls gh rqjdksa dh tM+sa Hkh m[kkM+h
tk,axhA
fQj xq: lkfgc us flD[kksa ls iwNk & ^eysj&dksVys ds uokc ds vfrfjDr fdlh vkSj us esjs cPpksa ds i{k esa vkokt+ mBkbZ Fkh
\ flD[kksa us flj fgykdj udkjkRed mÙkj fn;kA
bl ij xq: lkfgc us fQj dgk & ^rqjdksa dh tM+sa m[kM+us ds ckn Hkh eysj&dksVys ds uokc dh tM+sa dk;e jgsaxh] ij esjs flD[k
,d fnu ljfgUn dh bZaV ls bZaV ctk nsaxs*A ;g ?kVuk 13 ikS"k rnkuqlkj 27 fnlEcj 1704 bZLoh esa ?kfVr gqbZA
uksV%&eysjdksVys dh tM+sa vkt rd dk;e gSaA cUnk cgknqj us 1710 esa lpeqp ljfgUn 'kgj dh bZaV ls bZaV ctk nh FkhA
ftl dqy tkfr dkSe ds cPps ;wa djrs gSa cfynkuA
ml dk orZeku dqN Hkh gks ijUrq Hkfo"; gS egkuA
eSfFkyh 'kj.k xqIr
;g xnZu dV rks ldrh gS exj >qd ugha ldrhA
dHkh pedkSj cksysxk dHkh ljfgUn dh nhokj cksysxhAA
ljnkj iaNh
ge viuh tku ns ds vkSjksa dh tkusa cpk pysA
fla?kksa dh lYrur dk ikS/k yxk pysAA
gdhe vYyk ;kj [kk¡ tksxh