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# Suites Numriques #

15:

 

 








au n + b
 *( 
) 1%+ ( un
cu n + d

*( )

(

*( 
,
+
 / .,  

) %  )  (

) %

#
.
*( )

) ( a n

*, 
*7
56 

*( 
) un + 1 = f ( un ) 1%+ ( un
*;
/: 9/
*( 
) un+ 1 = aun + b 1%+ ( un
 *

) %>=

) < :; 

*.)) %

?
+
= u n +1

, ;@(
   ); 
 CD
+%

<  < A6B
au n + b
un+ 1 = aun + b
cu n + d

= . u n +1

   (


/ ., ) %  #
.
   G <
#; AH A? CD .
E F
 *, ( un )

) % <
+ f 1? un + 1 = f ( un ) A6B
G I #
/ I
*. f ( I ) I .,%

 
 % C 6
   J*
 ! 

 !# 
,

  # % !
 7E 6
   /:

(,D 







Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

)

#

)  (

*, 
#

  ) I #  

 (*N
/,* . 
#
.

OP
-1-

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

2Bac PC+SVT :


15:

 

# # Suites Numriques

 -
  

 # % : ! 

   
 -(I
Limite finie dune suite

#

);
) -(1
01B

( 1 )
,u n = 1 +
:C  +
D(( u n )n >0
( 
5
n

. n

. u 100 u 99 u 10 u 9 u 1 % N?( 1


. u n 1

1
1
,1 +
ZD n 10 Y < .,%* -( 2
10
10

1
. u n ]1 ,1 + [ ZD n N = E + 1 Y< + . > 0 <6 -


.
;
5* < + _ ? 
I # % 1 \7 (E G A ;^ -
lim u n = 1 N6 + I n ;  `# 1 I( *` u n ) n >0
 )
,
n +

a(*

G A  l C,,%  C + I n ;  `# (u n )n n


 )

,
0

. nlim
u n = l N6
;
5* < + _ ? 
I # % l \7 (E
+
+

OP

. ?C)D
);
) A5,* (u n )n n
#
 b
0

Suites de rfrences

1
: p 1? p
n

p
n >0 n n >0

( :


1
1
1
:
  

n3 n2

n >0
n n >0
n >0
. + I n ;  `# (E/ I  *`
Limite infinie dune suite


); 
) -(2
02B

. n ,u n = 2 n + 1 :C  +
D(( u n )n
( 
5
. u 100 u 99 u 10 u 9 u 1 :
 % N?( 1
. u n ]100 , +[ ZD n 50 Y < .,%* -( 2
A 1
+ 1 Y < .,%* . A > 0 <6 -
2
.
;
5* < +( u n )n
 _ ? I # % ] A , +[ G A ;^ -

. u n ] A , +[ ZD n E

lim u n = + N6 + I n ;  `# + I( *` u n )n


 )
,

n +

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

-2-

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :


15:

 

 -
  

 # % : ! 

# # Suites Numriques

a(*

.
#
 (u n )n n <6
0

< G A  + C + I n ;  `# (u n )n n
 )

, 
0

. nlim u n = + N6
;
5* < + _ ? 
I # % ] A , +[ ;
+

< G A  C + I n ;  `# (u n )n n
 )

, 
0

. nlim u n = N6
;
5* < + _ ? 
I # % ] , A [ ;
+

: p 1? ( n p ) n

( n ) ( n ) ( n )
p

( :


( n )n :
  

. + I n ;  `# + I
*` # 

@?=

b [a , +[  < G I #


D(
#
 f 1? u n = f ( n ) b
. xlim
u n = l :ZD ( l = l = + l 1? ) lim f ( x ) = l
x +
+
+

01<(*

:
 % CD  %+
D(( u n )
 )

N?

un = n + 1 n
3

2n2 +1
n +1
un = 2
un = 3
n 1
n +n +1
Convergence dune suite numrique

u n = 2 n 3 + 3 n 1

  
 -(II

.
#
 (u n )n n <6

a(*

.
);
) A5,* b ( Convergente )
+, (u n )n n
 , 
0

.
) A5,*  (u n )n n
 nlim
u n = b #5 (u n ) n n
 , 
+
0


1
 %+
D(( u n )

+
n +1
. lim u n = + :;  #5 u n = 2 n 2  %+
D(( u n )


. nlim
u n = 1 : ;
+, u n = 1 +
+

n +

.
) A5,*   #5 u n = ( 1 )  %+
D(( u n )

n

OP

. l 
#
 (u n )n n <6
0

lim u n l = 0 lim u n = l

n +

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

n +

-3-

lim (u n l ) = 0 lim u n = l 

n +

n +

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :


15:

 

 -
  

 # % : ! 

# # Suites Numriques



( 1 )
,u n =
:C  +
D(( u n )n 1
( 
5
n

. n

. nlim
u n = 0 Y; lim u n = 0 n , u n =
n +
+

( 1 )

1
: ;
n


 
   

-(III
.
,,? # l ' l

;)I #  -(1


< # < (v n ) ( u n ) <6
_G -(

lim u n

lim v n

l'

l + l'

x +

x +

lim (u n + v n )

x +

F.I

(e -
lim u n

l >0

l >0

l <0

l <0

lim v n

l'

lim (u nv n )

ll'

F.I

x +

x +
x +

, -
lim v n

1
x + v
n

1
l

0+

x +

lim

F -
lim u n
+

lim v n
+

un
lim
+ v
n

l
l' 0
l
l'

+
l >0

l <0

+
l >0

l <0

l > 0

l <0

l >0

l <0

0+

0+

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

-4-

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

F.I

2Bac PC+SVT :


15:

 

# # Suites Numriques

 -
  

 # % : ! 



. n ,u n = n 2 n :C  +
D(( 

u n ) <6
: (u n )
 ,* ;

. xlim
u n = ZD lim n = +  + n ,u n = n ( 1 2 n ) : ;
+
x +
+

.#5 (u n )


02<(*
. n {1 } ,u n +1 = 1 +

2
u u 2 = 1 :C  +
D(( 

u n ) n 2 <6
n 1 n
n (n 1 )
. n {1 } ,u n =
:(_ + <+ (1
2
. #5 (u n )n 2
( ;^ 2

N*( ;) -(2

OP
lim v n = l' lim u n = l :1%+ <+, <# < (v n ) ( u n ) <6
x +
x +
. l l' ZD ( n0 ) 1? n n0 A6 u n > v n  
. l 0 ZD ( n0 ) 1? n n0 A6 u n > 0  


:C  + <D(( < < v n ) ( u n ) <6


. n ,v n =

1 1
+
3 n

n ,u n =

1 1

3 n

. n > 3 ,u n > 0 < .,%* -( 1


lim u n 0 < .,%* lim u n N? -
x +
x +
+

. n ,u n < v n < + -( 2
. xlim
u n = lim v n < .,%* lim v n lim u n N? -
+
x +
x +
x +
+

Critres de converge dune suite numrique

:
 ,* ./ -(IV

1
OP

. > 0 1%+ <,,? <# l <# < (v n ) ( u n ) <6


ZD xlim
u n = 0   ( C5f g%O # n0 ) n n0 A6 v n l u n 
+
+

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

. xlim v n = l
+, (v n )

+

-5-

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :


15:

 

# # Suites Numriques

 -
  

 # % : ! 

2
OP
.
# ( w n ) ( v n ) ( u n ) <6
lim v n = lim w n = l   ( C5f g%O # n0 ) n n0 A6 v n u n w n 

x +

x +

. xlim u n = l
+, (u n )
 ZD
+


sin n
:C  +
D(( 

u n )n 1 <6
n2
1
1
. < n A6 1 2 u n 1 + 2 : Y; 1 sin n 1 :;
n
n
1
1

. xlim
u n = 1
+, (u n ) n 1 ZD lim 1 = lim 1 + = 1  +
+
x +
x
+
n
n

. n ,u n = 1

03<(*

:C  +
D(( 

u n )n 1 <6
n
n
n
n
+ ... + 2
+ 2
+ 2
n +1 n + 2 n +3
n +n
2
n
n2
. n , 2
un 2
< + -(1
n +n
n +1
. lim u n = 1
+, (u n )n 1
 ;^ -(2

. n ,u n =

x +

3
OP

.>: 5 ,,? # < # < (v n ) ( u n ) <6


lim v n = + ZD lim u n = +   ( C5f g%O # n0 ) n n0 A6 v n u n  
x +
x +
+

lim v n = ZD lim u n =   ( C5f g%O # n0 ) n n0 A6 v n u n  

x +

x +



2
:C  +
D(( 

u n )n 1 <6
n
2
. ( sin
1 ) !n ,u n 2 n + 3 : ;
n
. lim u n =  #5 (u n )
 ZD lim 2 n + 3 =  +

. n ,u n = 2 n + 3 sin

x +

x +

04<(*
. n ,u n +1 = 1 + 1 + u n2 u0 = 0 :C  +
D(( 

u n ) <6
. n ,u n > 1 : < + -(1
.
7* (u n ) < + -(2
. xlim
u n ^; ij n ,u n n < + (1
+
+

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

-6-

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :


15:

 

# # Suites Numriques

 -
  

 # % : ! 

4
OP
.
+, C 56 
7*
 A
.
+, C 9/ 
/:;*
 A

@?=
.
+,
 C
5 
7*
 A
.
+,
 C
5 
/:;*
 A



. n ,u n +1 = u n u0 = 4 :C  +
D(( 

u n ) <6
. n ,u n 1 : (_ + <+ - (1
.
/:;* (u n )
< + - (2
.
+, )( ;^ 3

@?=
. )) %* < <6* 
+,
 l,D <5*
,+
OF
 ! 
-(V

( a )
 ,* -(1
n

OP
. xlim
a n = 0 ZD 1 < a < 1  . lim a n = + ZD a > 1  
+
x +
+

.
) A5,*  ( a

ZD a 1  

. xlim
a n = 1 ZD a = 1  
+
+


2 3

. xlim ( 1 + 2 + 2 2 + ... + 2 n ) xlim


(1 2 )
xlim

+ 2 n + 3 n
+
+

:
 ;) N?

(2008
 )   : 05<(*
. < n A6 u n +1 =

5 un
u 0 = 2 :C  +
D(( 

u n ) <6
2u n + 3

. < n A6 u n > 1 < + (1


. < n A6 v n =

un 1
: _e (2
un

3
)  ( 
; 
v n ) < + -(
5
2

) N? ij < n A6 u n =


< + -(
n
3
2
5

. n
+ v n N ij
. (u n )

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

-7-

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :


15:

 

# # Suites Numriques

 -
  

 # % : ! 

(2007
 )   : 06<(*
. < n A6 u n +1 =

1
(u n 4 n 1 ) u0 = 2 :C  +
D(( 

u n ) <6
5
. < n A6 v n = u n + n 1 : _e

1
)  ( 
; 
v n ) < + (1
5
. n
+ v n N? -( 2

. xlim
u n N? ij n
+ u n ^; -
+
+

. < (/;# n 1? S n = u0 + u 1 + .... + u n T n = v 0 + v 1 + .... + v n : _e (3


. S n = Tn

(n + 1 ) (n 2 )
:
2

08<(*

:C  +
D( ( un )
( 
5
un + 2
u0 = 1
un
u 2
. n ,vn = n
:_e
un + 1

. n ,un+ 1 =

. v0 u1 N? -(1
.)  ( ; 
? vn ) < + -(2
. n
+ un ij vn ?- -(3
. xlim
u n N? -
+
+

Tn =

1
4

5 5 n : < +

07 <(*

:C  +
D( ( un )
( 
5

5un 1
u0 = 2
un + 3
1
. n ,vn =
:_e
un 1

. n ,un+ 1 =

. v0 u1 N? -(1
. n ,un > 1 (_ + <+ -(2
.)  
? +? ( vn ) (< +-(3
. n
+ un ij vn ?- -(4
. xlim
u n N? -
+
+

10<(*

09<(*

:C  +
D( ( un )
( 
5 :C  +
D( ( un )
( 
5
. un + 1 =

un3
u0 = 1
1 + 3un2

. n ,u n > 0 < + -( 1
.
/:;* ( un )
< + -
. < n A6 un+ 1

1
un < + - -(2
3
n

1
. < n A6 un ;^ -
3
. lim u n N? -
x +

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

-8-

. n ,un+ 1 =

un

u0 ]1,0[

2 + un

. n , 1 < un < 0 < + -(1


u0

. n ,un+ 1
. n ,un

u0
2 + u0

2 + u0

< + -(2

;^ - -(3

. xlim
u n N? -
+
+

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :


15:

 

 -
  

 # % : ! 

# # Suites Numriques

v n = f (u n )

(v n )n n

1%+ (v n )n n
 ,* -(2

OP

 ZD l CD
/
 f l ))
+, (u n )n n
 b
. f ( l ) C
)) +, n n0 1? v n = f (u n ) :C  +
D(

0

n2
:C  +
D(( u n )
 )
%;
2
1 +6 n
1

n2

. xlim
u n = sin = :ZD CD
/ x sin x
 + lim
=
: ;
2
+
x + 1 + 6 n
6 2
6
6

. n ,u n = sin

1? ( n )n
 )
-(3

OP

: ; . <6
. > 0 xlim
n = + 
+
+

. < 0 xlim
n = 0 
+
+

n , n = 1 ZD = 0  


1? (u n )
 )
N%;
1 + 3 n2
2

3
= lim 1 + n = + lim 1 n 2 = 1 : ;
x +
x +

. lim u n = 0 :;
+, (u n )


. n ,u n =

lim 1 + 3 n 2

x +

1 n

x +

OP

. u n +1

f ( I ) I 1%+ I G I #
/
#
 f <6
= f (u n )
(
:= I G ! < %+
D(( u n )
< 6
. f ( x ) = x
  A? )) ZD
+, (u n )
 b

1 
5
2

. n ,u n +1 = u n (1 u n ) u0 =
. f (x ) =

1
:C  +
D(( un )n
( 5
2

5
x (1 x ) : C  + I #
D( f
2
1
.I =
2

 5 A -(1

5
G( 5 -(2
2
. f ( I ) I u0 I < + -
,

. (un )n
 ;^ )
ij
+, (un )n
< + -
Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

-9-

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :


15:

 

 -
  

 # % : ! 

# # Suites Numriques

2 
. n ,u n +1 = u n + 6 u0 = 2 :C  +
D(( 

u n ) <6
. f (x ) = x + 6 : C  + [ 6 , +[ G I #
D( f
 5 A -(1
. I = [0 , 3 ] G( 5 -(2
. f ( I ) I u 0 I < + -
.
+, ) ;^ ij 56 
7* (un )n
< + -
. (un )n
 ;^ )
ij f (x ) = x
 I G CD A? -(3

11<(*
1
2
. n ,un+1 = un +
:= u0 = 2  !%+
D(( un )n
( 
5
2

un

(u n )n

-(I
. u2 u1 : N? --(1
. n ,un 2 : < + -
. n ,un 2 ;^ ij >:
/:;* (un )n
< +--(2
1
2
. n IN ,un+1 2 = 1 (un 2 ) :
 
b5j --(3
2

un

1
un 2 :<*< E ;^ -
2
1
. n ,0 un 2 n u0 2

. n ,0 un+1 2

. xlim
u n N? -
+
+

  + (u n )n

-(II
: C  + I #
D( x C,,%( 9  f
( 
5
x , f ( x ) =

1
2

x + x

2 , + G I # >:
7* f
< + -(1

. f (x ) = x :
] 0 , + [ G CD A? -(2

. I = 2 , 2 : G( 5 -(3


. f ( I ) I : < + -
. n ,u n I : (_ + <(+ -
. (un )n

+* -
. xlim
u n N? ij
+, ( un )n
 ;^ -
+
+

.p (J # I


*` p # 
C( u n )n
 :
@?=
Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

- 10 -

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

2Bac PC+SVT :


15:

 

# # Suites Numriques

 -
  

 # % : ! 

12<(*
x
: C  + I #
D( x C,,%( 9  f
( 
5
2 +x2
n ,u n +1 = f (u n ) u 0 = 1 :C  +
D( ( 

un )n <6

. x , f (x ) =

: (u n )n
(
I
. n ,

un
> 1 : n ,u n > 0 : < + - - (2
u n +1

. (un )n

+* ;^ -
.
+, (un )n
 ;^
1
2

. n ,un+1 < un < + - ( 3


. xlim
u n ^; n IN ,u n
+
+

1
: b5j
2n

(u n )n
 
f
(  II
. I = 0 , 2 : 1? G I <6
. f (x ) = x :
  CD A? - (1
. < x A6 f ' (x ) N? - (2
. 2 , + I # >:
/:;* 0 , 2 I # >:
7* f < +
.(
(D
 f q? ) I # f (9* l#
. f ( I ) I : < + - ( 3
. n ,u n I : (_ + <+
.
+, (un )n ;^ ij >:
/:;* (un )n b5j f
( 9*  +
. + I n ;  `# (un )n
 )
N?
. I G I # f
 /: g <6 - ( 4
. \%* NG J G I #
D(
6#
 A5,* g
< +
. g
  g 1
6 ? 

Lyce My Rachid Aguelmous

- 11 -

Mohamed _ iaalou @ yahoo.fr

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