LivrePhysi2012 PDF

1 : 2- % 2345

:) 2349
5
,

:

-2 : -2 C 4 H 9 Cl :
C 4 H 9 Cl + 2 H 2 O = C4 H 9 OH + H 3O + + CI
+!, # )(' &% #$ ! # 0 +., / -1 4( 80ml )() 3 +#,8(
#-$( 4( 20ml <., -2#- ! ?8( -2! A)@ #&B( C .
&E ?#, # F'( ?
G! - ! L E $ H-I ?J$,' 3 :
200
150
120
100
80
60
30
) t (s
0,760
0,688
0,627
0,577
0,502
0,412
0,246
) (s / m
) x(mol
LE ?8( -1 LA . ?IN

2 ! 4 RI ( -# #-$ TL! L WX = 426x : U!
A x ? LB !. Y
3 # A H'$'( WF L TL! x)(. 4
) (s / m
L -4 RI IF -#( TL! ?IN #-$ WX & L'I. t = 50 S [$-
0.852
-5 R !? A ?8 ( -# #-$ !LA TL . = f (x ) ?IN
'
% $%# :
-? R # +( Y0 U!
L - ? ( 0 x f f 4 $'&
0.002
) x(mol
-?
4# H-I ?IN L'I H&, t = 200S [$- C 3'F
2
*)((H O ) = 35 mSm .mol (Cl ) = 7.6 mSm 2 .mol :$

I -6 ( <J, 4L WX ?IN

:,-
24
0 0#, t = 0 [$- [, 4( m 0 -#J# . 11 Na +G
( -1 ! LJ, :'[ '# . G
24
?8 -2 R !? A LI #,#J# 11 Na +G TL! R)(. 4
'
% $% # ./ :N 1020
12
LI - #,d. N 0 LR
11
I -'. t1 / 2 <J
10
9
!X -)(. 4
8
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N
7
- 4 . m 0
6
- 5 G, ' L'I. t = 30h [$-
5
24
. 4
B e
NA 11
L$ - 6 '# #J# Na G
3
- ( A WX e
N H-I'#
2
L# : H A .
1
) t (h
. 12 Mg 10 Ne 13 Al
0
24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-?
4 L$ '# #J# 11 Na
e
N . ?-I
t
- 7 - !#, ' kX Iij! W 4 m (t ) / m (t ) = m 0e :
- . R
- L )(' U( 4( 80% e
N
-. LR
- -' t = 5 L'I R ( . 3'A
)(LI :$ #0 N A = 6.023 10 23 mol
2345 % 2- :

1
2349 ) :
,
5
:49
E2
: >? 2@ A 2B C I
:2D 2B 2? -1
. p(t) = pm.cos(2Ft) :@RA p(t) RE A#A GBF L#( ? , -( E#( $
.R,E (1) ?
G H-I ?J$'0 A# % 4, %!% WF F#!
Fp 3'F Tp L % pm ,R( L -1.1
8
. c =3.10 m/s , -($ E# - E# #r 4I -1.2
:2@ A 2@ A 2B 2? -2
RE A#A GBF L#( ? , ' . ij $
. s(t)+u0 + B - I B, 4( L# 4
. s(t) = sm.cos(2ft) : @RA
LB- -(
( !& F#! +F# 4 .A W
RE A#A S x L'I A / R,E -8
s(t)+u0
s(t)+u0 p(t) +( F'
E1
(3?
i) um(t) A# 4, %!% WF F#!
p(t)
@ # ( u0 WF ( -2.1
( 2) ( 1) H'$'( ?
Y0# WFT L -2.2
:?
G H-I x A#A ! 4
, 4! -2.3
m A 4( ? RA L$( Um(t) = A[1+m.cos(2ft)].cos(2Ft)
m=
3HI
umax umin
:
? G H-I 4 . R, 4I R 4
, 4! -2.4
umax + umin
m 4N-x( 4 ! L -2.5

Y$( 4 . #0 NA i ? -2.6
e 4( RBA Y$, < -2.7
(1) $@D@
(2) $@D@
(3?
i) R
? G
? E 4(
:2@ A 2B #E
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#& r 4( -F E# RFT
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J(
KLA
,- J(
C J(
.E
1 34N :2MD : H
()
()
: 4N
. HCO2 HCO2H 4I#' +#A H'$'( -NF

? G? 8
-8 % #'! H'$'( ? -1
50% $ R, #
A (L'I pH 4I -2
pKA !8 3'F -3
1?
G
: L pH = 2,8 0 -4
4 & #' -1.4
4N-x( 4 !
[ HCO2 ]
R' -2.4
[ HCO2 H ]
:,- 4N
-I L % J' e- $! WF! e')RL-2 R
. AH )(! )(, 4RFd +'JA 0
-2
. ca = 10 mol/l @)A LL #-$( F#! va =20ml B 4RFd %& ( T#-$( ,
? IN ( -1
- @ %& F' RB I -2
vbe = 35ml # 0
H-I #J$- . WB$ -I . #-$ ) A L -3
. Va=20ml B 10-2mol/l @)A e- $ T#-$( L, -4
H-I #J$ WA Cb = Ca @)A #J #-$( F#! #-$ % RBA F U
.2?
G 0 -8 ' $'
A AH 4I#') A A 4'$' ? 8
. . WB$ TL! pH A ?8 '!
A LI) A A RF 0 -8 % #'! 4'$' e!#E U-( -1. 4
0 AH $ e
NA R, 3'F? R [A-] [ AH] 4) L -2.4
0
< J, L'I [A-] [ AH] )A -3.4
$ E )pKA !8 3'F WX
2?
G

1 : 2- % 2345
:) 2349
H:
5
,
)2A3+(aq
)6H3O+(aq
2A(S) +
=
+ 3H2(g) + 6H2O() :
25C m = 27mg
V = 20ml . C = 1,2.10-2mol/l
). (1
-1
-2 x
(t) = 0,511 104.x :
-3 A3+ H3O+ t = 6min
-4 ) (t
-5 1/2 t = t1/2 ) 0(t=0 f t1/2
(H3O+) = 35 ms.m/mol ; (A3+) =4ms.m/mol ; (C-) = 7,6 ms.m/mol ; :
M(A)27g/mol
:1

-1 146C -
. :
4Be
5B
6C
7N
8O
14
14
12
-12
a0=N( C) /N( C) = 10 C
-2
. T = 5600 ans
) a(t ) N(t)(14C) /N(12C ).(t
a(t)/ a0 :
)t ( ans
0
2800
5600
8400
11200
14000
16800
a(t)/ a0
0.71
0.35
..
0.18
.
- a(t)/ a0 = f(t) :
- a(t)/ a0 .0.99 .
45 :2 L.
1 :
1
GBF .
- . R = 200
.L
UAM . UBM
) (2 .
YA 1,2mv/div : 5ms/div :
YB . 0,3v/div
-1 UAM ] [0 ;10ms
-2 UBM
-3
-4 L
2

1 : 2- % 2345
:) 2349
5
,

:
) C 4(0 LE##
Fd! 0 ( C6H8O6 e 4( LL#N .x
' ' ( ! 4(d
( ?8) LJ ! #, r 0 @LB, LJ ?
i H-I L , C500 4(0! F
( ) #
Fd! e% )(,J ! HA ALI ! 0 A-
$ T#-$( .$, I#
Fd!A e)@ PH= 3 :@LB'0 pH , C = 0,01 mol/L #
.1 ( ?INA#
Fd! +( e .
.2 R,L '& %& f ?IN ( 3'A
.3 # #
Fd! +( e N, e#,8T) # +( pH=3,4 ?-
%, II ( 4 0 C 4(N ( 4 ?
, WX WB$ ! V =200 mL H .
4( Va=20mL B ,% #-$ !# FL L#FA#R )A(K + +OH -)@ :#
Cb= 0,02 mol/L! e pH -x LxF H-I ?J$'0 F'( <i R )pH=f(Vb
) T ?
G(-NF
?8( .1 B R%
'' ( 4E @% . -
.2 ( ?IN ?$ 4IL , X
0 WX 3'F) Ca #
.3 mg -#
Fd! e #E# 0 C 4(N
( .4 LJ -
! +,J " " C500 4(0
Vb = 13 ml
F L'I .5 KOH '& ?IN 3'F
0 .6 &E ( ( pH #
<i '%& F '# ( 4 ?-I.
A H
- $ ##
Fd!M(C6H8O6) = 176 g/mol : e

# " !

6.2 - 7.6

8.2 - 10

3.1 - 4

7.2 - 8.8
:,-

: I4N
K +r E = 6 V @A#A 8( L#(:H-I !& #$A
(? ( (#(L &.$A ?(( r -L ((& i
1-?
G H-I 4R( #&) Ed@ % A. R = 200
! Yr 4I L@ %&! #!( A#R & E
. UBC UAB 4!&
4A# # A LG ! ( #-(
?J$'0 ?B LR L'I +r Y-, t = 0 [$- 0
. -NF
? G! 4'R 4,R H-I
A#R
& E #A '
%& E # ( / 1
. di / dt i TL! UAB RI I /
. i TL! UBC RI I /
4FL 4A# 4( A#A ? Y0# % H'$' # ( /
.WL '[ 0 L BA I0 Li RI LE A# + E #, F! / - 2
r i #- -L ( 3'F WX I0 ,R( LE 4,R Ld e F! /
. ? r 'R( 4'$' L 4( ,R( L@ %&! x 4()! X LE /
. FL i #- L $ ((? 3'F /
U(v)
-1-?
G
U(v)

t(ms)
B
C
A
t(ms)
: II 4N
? $ B A @F#R E !X A#A L#( F#! #$G( <8
(
qA = - 1.2 mC '$i A #R-
B #R-& - $ ' $G ( 1

UAB A# i ( 2
: ?!
? G! R=200 (? ( (# ! <8
F#R ?J, - 3
!&
- U T@ BAT . (d? # 0 ,
T@ BA
? G H-I L /
: U! t 4() TL! Ln uc A H (d? # 0 <8
NA 'X /
Ln (uc) = - 50 t + 1.6
C N8
F 3'F E # - $ # 4()! X 4( ? LE
( d? # ! &-#A [$ <8
F#R 0 ,)x
&! / E

1 : 2- % 2345
:) 2349
5
,
:

) 2H2O2 ( aq ) = O2 ( g ) + 2H2O ( l
:
. 25C
. Fe3+ III
t = 0 :
V = 24mL . C = 2,5 mol / L 6mL . ( 2 Fe3+( aq ) + 3 Cl-( aq ) ) III . VT = 1L5
. P = 1,013 . 10 Pa
VT = 1L .
:
60
680
40
610
35
590
30
540
25
500
20
440
15
360
10
270
5
160
0
0
) t ( min
) VO2 ( mL
-I :
-1 .
-2 xmax .
-3 ) x ( t ) .VO2 ( t ( R = 8,314(SI) ) . t = 30 min
-II :
x . t
0.5
-1 t .
-2
.
-III :
-1
.
-2
)(0.5
. .
:
) (S N=100Hz a=0,5cm
-1 v=10m/s
-2 S . = 1m
-3 S .
- t = 27,5ms
- M d = 0,15m
- S M
-4 Ns .
:
2345 % 2- :

1
2349 ) :
,
5
: H
. VA=100ml B CA = 10 mol/l @)A HCOOH e#,8 $ ( T#-$( R,
. pH =2,9 H I #-$ pH
L$( ?INA +( $ %? INA 4! -1
+( e#,8 ? INA (-2
xm HJd L 3'F #$ %& # LE G, -3
&' L R, 3'F xq # L'I &' L -4
& WX &' L TL! #! X RA LE -5
: 149
. 238 #, G -JN 4( L#'( ! 1HI) -NF x ? 8
G( L#' G -JN I -1
NA ?
Iij G' #, L$( (3) ( 2) ( 1) N T (-2
. T # L#, 0 G' Ii 212z X () , Y [ , -3
' $G -
LI L$( N ( -3.1
Mev N % 4I BA' -3.2
L IF L- r H - #$A @ % -I -4
m(Bi)=211,9457u ; m() = 4,0015u ; m(T) = 207,9375u
: (
-27
-13
1u =931,5Mev/c = 1,66.10 kg ; 1Mev = 1,6.10 j
: 249
.(2HI)R,E 0 ., C =1F F <8
( R = 200 (? ( (#( +( # H-I ,
. (1) +# #$, k +r E,
!& #, - ( -1
4$G& , L'I Q0 <8
' $i -2
q '$G& $A -N RX -3
t /
RA L q(t ) = Q0 1 e
?
G H-I
-N ? Y$A -4
W[' (. W-( 0 &AA ?8( 4() TL! L 0
&! Li RA -5
. t = 0 [$ 0 (2) +# H +r E, -6
4()! X RA 3'F WX uc A#& $ -N RA RX 6.1
R'
' = 1 + : 4! 6.2

R
-2
1?
i
E =20v
2HI
2345 % 2- :

1
2349 ) :
,
5
H
[I2](10-4 mol/l)
(T)
: 1 0 ),t = 0 [$ L'I

. C1 = 10-2mol/l @)A (K+,I-) #FA#R # #-$( 4( V1 =0,5 B . C2 = 2mmol/l @)A H2O2 'Bd 4(V2=0,5 B . C = 0,5mol/l )A eR
4( V = 1ml B . H2O2/H2O I2/I- -IN E )
.(. eR
WB ? &,)
#$ %& -J$ WX 4 NJ, -1
) x L 4
4I#' L -2
-x 0 H2O2 I- : LR ) -3
x L TL! ?IN # A LE G, -4
. 4() TL! 3A' I2 )A A R,E H'$' -5
L$ ? IN 4I HJd L -5.1
.-? IN , ? IN< J, 4( ,R( 4I -5.2
t(min)
t = 4min [$- L'I ?IN- B$ I -5.3
! B@ % 0 eR
( -6
49
:1

45
i
n=1,5
!) #i#( H-I #- # () A

. n =1,5 # #i# - Y-
,T ((? .R,E ?
G 4R i=30
D i r r W LE #i# UI F! -1
#i# 4( Y8R' H # #. G ( W A -2
. AB E# H-I # I #i# H-I #. G LLE 4( -3
AB F
E# H-I r
,T -3.1
i 3'F r )-3.2
$@ % 0 #. G ( W A LG ( [ -3.3
:2

.?R$ #r #( E#( G'0 )NG! ? (R$ S ! ,
SM=8cm .4() TL! ?R$ 4( M , F A (2) H'$' ? 8 4() TL! S +R' F A (1)H'$' ? 8
:4'$' eUF! -1
E# A N 4I -1.1
S M 4 ' ) -1.2
E# #r 3'F G,T IF LE -1.3
t1 = 50ms L U E# & A SM1 0 -2
# ? L'I H-Id #$, )T 0 L! +R' -I 14cm &#r t2 [$- L'I ?R$ 4( SM2 ? ([& 8( -3
y(cm)
(2)H'$'
y(cm)
1
0
-2
t(10 s)
1
0
(1)H'$'
t(10-2s)

1 : 2- % 2345
:) 2349
5
,
49:1
. Co ^H 2%)I@` D
* C/ $@. . Ni -1
) f 2
.D e
9 -H @.
. Ni
-2 @g* $@D .% - ^H B 2'. 2@% ,5.4
./ -2.1 .% -# @ N0 23.#j %@.@ hi ^H
-2.2?
@
2 l m
2 2%)Ik 2
H.@ m0 23.# ^H
-2.3 f1/ Mev( 2l@* 1mg e
9* % 2N 60 ^H
)( m(Ni) =59,915439u : , m(Co) =59,91901u 1u = 931,5Mev/c
n
-3H t = n.t1/2 : .@% v- ). N0 = 2 .N(t
^(L -4( 2l jy J5
D @

9- -5 2lz
D
* %9 / 2lz $.@ 2 @. Ni H
2%? f1/@. Ni
49:2
)
#.
2 : 2-H } - E = 6v C/ *
{ .E ,
D` hH - R = 1K v C v
)? 3. >zl
. K
-1
f
jy ,#N.
Jg- -2. t = 0 .@% K >zE
-2.1 vB. y% 29^ ? K
jj )@ 2
* ( , hH
-2.2 .B ) 2
29
yEED* ,` q 2@D
./ -2.3 *) A # 2'. B
. H CD

)) / q(t) = A(1-e-Bt) # 2
29
t1 H
-3 t2
L y5 i j
* uc
$%
, $ u1
E . u2
u1 % #% -3.1 t1 2'. u2 t2 E
2
-3.2?
@
E 2'. t = t2 t1 #)* m u1 u2
-3.3
.) 2@ K , y
l f1/
)( t1 = 1ms : , . t2 =2ms -3.4?
@
2)? m hH
1
-4
l 2Ez 1D
2
60
27
H:

D 4 D (SA) ,3# = 6,2.10 s.m 2} CH3-CH2-COOH -
* . C=2 mmol/l 4l $(% pH D . pH= 2,4 2 E
./ -1 .%E D 2E5 . ^%'? K . y J5
-2 /# h) -
) f 2
/ %9# - .
-3 `-.N }(
,9
D V KN/ #
)- )..(2% N ,z#
%
-1
-4 *) 2} # D :
) (1 + 2
xf
V
-3
% xf
.E . $il
1= 35.10-3 s.m.mol-1 } 2 2- H3O+

2= 3,58.10-3 s.m.mol-1 } 2.%E 2- . D 2E5
-5
% $%.N 2#1- % #%
.E [H3O+]f 2'.
K C 4.v
l f1/
-6
2
$% f
H* K` H
: ,
-7 2
KA #)* ^% 2A D?
@
m
C .
1
= . K. K f1/
] [ A
=10 pH pKA
][C2 H5COOH
A C/.%E D 2E5

1 : 2- % 2345
:) 2349
5
,
45:1
L r . ) (D R = 90
K . ) (G E = 6v . t = 0
-1
-2 ) (2 ) di/dt = f(i i
. L r.
-3 IP E R r
-4 )
t /
. i(t) = I p 1e
L R . r
`1-H
)(L,r
)(D
45:2
36
. .36
)(
1u.m.a
36
36
5
931,5Mev/c
3,01.10 ans
1,0073
1,0087
35,9590
u
-1 :36
36
17
36
18
Cl . Ar
-1.1 36 Mev 36
-1.2
-2 :
-6
t a1 = 11,7.10 Bq
. a2 = 1,19.10-6Bq 36
.
-2.1 :
-2.2
:
m = 200mg ) (S0 C0 = V0
. 100ml C13H18O2 . M = 206g/mol

-1 C0
-2 pH ) (S0 . pH = 3,17
-2.1
-2.2 Qr
-2.3 C0
-2.4 K

1 : 2- % 2345
:) 2349
5
,
49:1
-1? ,3@ 2:RL f(E

# 'X ?#( 4( RL( (( R = 100 L &.$A ?(( i((& . r
'X !( ?J, t=0 L'I . E = 6v A#- ?8(( L# ! RL
#! 4, F WF%!% A 0L ! TL)(4
' H'$ .R,E ?8 ( -I ?J$
-1.1 ,RA I RB ? WX EL
-1.2 RX -N &$ALG ) i(t L ((? L $
L -1.3 Li I0 0'[ L W 3'F ( i#- r
-1.4 0 ,)x 0 i#'[ L W
1 -2:. /0
IJ =>?@ ABC89D; A2; QDRS C /012 3456 789:@P @) ABKLM9N5@? (1U5@:=6 ASV50W
LB0Y@ U46Z6 P@V6 =BY]V6 - I0 = 1mAL[6 =BB6 R LWN06 . R _`La - C /012 3456@LB0 . PRc@ _dS t = 0 Ab>Y@[ fg K _`L@ (1) _eVW PRc@ZS t =t1 Ab>Y />j@ h@.(2) _eVW
VM Ao29Bl; AR8L16 mW; f;L6VY16 nB2 @ foM96 =BM uC(t) 9;V0@ A@pPM 345W@)=6Q@?.(2U5
L'I K A :(1) +#
-1 RA LE t TL! uC(t) A# I0 C
I! -2 H-I ' H'$ LE C
-3 L U( 4$G
-I <8 A##J % - $
<8 30V #
0 K -B :(2)+#
-1 RX -N &$ uC(t) A#
L -2 #8! a ! TL! ( L ( 4#
&-E R
) a(t t1
- U uC (t ) = + .e -N
4! -3 ( L'I H'$' - t =t1 [$- # H-I
A N- Y0?
G
t1 t
:
RC
u (t ) = 61 +
-4 #N (r 4

t14! <8 U t2=6ms (L N
49:2
235
92
#, d#, U
1
0
#, !#$- - A#'! &(L L'I

93
37
140
55
235
92
1
0
U + n Cs + Rb + 3 n :
L -1 #, WX ?IN A
-' 4I 3A% ?IN
-2L#! 3'F Mev ' 4I BA ?IN'# ( ?8 -J$ &% #$ '# ! F ( x
206
1u.c = 931,5Mev
; mn = 1,0087u
238
qC2 UYc -39[02 @P8VR P8VRY@ ACrR@LM 82 Pb 92 U
: fo1S
m(Rb) =92,9017u ; m(Cs) = 139,8871u ; m(U) = 234,9935u ; 1Mev = 1,6.10-13J
H:
4
-14
K A ( HCOOH / HCOO ) = 1,8.10 . pKA= 3,7
25C Ke=10 :
-1 ) (SA CA . pH=2,9
-1.1 HCOOH KA
-2.1
KA
-3.1 :
K A + 10 pH
-4.1 .CA
- 2
- VA= 10ml )(SA
) (SB . CB= 10-2mol/l
pH VB.
-1.2
3
-2.2 . CA
-3.2 VA= 10cm3 ) (SA
VB . CB= 10-2mol/l
pH . pH = 3,7
) VB (cm3
-4.2 ] [HCOOH ] [HCOO- VB
pH
Hd L
)N #- e-( : RG

)
N :
E - 1 W # ,
:
) ,l v@H AL v9 ..) ,5 (C6H8O6 :H? /) C

9 .B
C1000 C500
5 l HI $% .i ,5 .N- .z1 - ) 4
M(C) = 12g/mol ; M(H) = 1g/mol ; M(O) = 16g/mol : ,()- .AH 4 v 4-
: 9 AH 41 560 -
pH
. K=1,58.10-5 1 KL> I!H I>J C = 10-2mol/l < @?>= 41 A :1 ;1!
S1 560 ! S1 9 => @?4 560 IU V -1
[ H3O+] C I:S> K I>J 6 6 WJ 0X S# YZ! -2
1 L K 1 pH I_ `?! SL ! I_ Vb -3
1db I#! Se WJ AL SH Ib! Vb -4
: C _U -
1 Ii? >1 K Va =20ml # U! iH V =200ml W# _VK!
. Cb =2.10-2mol/l < k SbS
.(15) ;W#1 I:S> pH p1 mn I?S o
V WJ 60 4/S6_ t S -1
5X1 560 IU
IU< KL u # V I! W? -2
@?>=4 ?` WJ d IiH! 6 -3
C _t 41 I mg Vb -4
9!k 5U
`b AL SH Ib! S -5
: > U< KL V? S -6
( 7,2-8,8)( 4,2-6,2)5.
15
:IA I1 -
Vb(ml)
# Vk! V0=250ml o>J L# IU It

= < S 4 1 V=40ml
Mg "m "! t=0 Iz1 . C=0,5mol/l
I0( 25) # V .m=120mg }
. " W# H> = 5X1 1 i 9
R =8,31(S.I) ; Vm=24l/mol
: iU!
M (Mg) =24g/mol
(4)
Mg2+/Mg ; H+/H2 :60 t
25Z p6 I ? @_ m6 -1
> > " ` 5X1 560 IU V-2
pk_@ SH ?` WJ 60 IAS I Vb -3
5Z p6 V 560 I#1 I6b U > -4
dVH 2
9 " > v = 1,04

dt
( 35) ! }_ S WJ 560 k! 6 -5

>= t 56 560 K i 9 IH _-6
25
(3)
(5)
(1)
(2)
35
t(min)
--------------------------------------------------------------- ->L
) @t A B (IHb C
-A? I? AJ I>#: RL ViH

) (L, r
R = 90 E = 6V K
) . (1 . t = 0
1 . i
i (t ) = A 1 e Bt A : B .
di
2 2
dt
di
i ) = f (i
.
dt
1-

) (1 L r. .
- R, r , E I 0

-B? I? AJ I>#:RC ViH
): (3
t =0 . K
-1 uC :
du C
+ a.uC = b
dt
a b R1 R2 E C
-2 a
R2
-3 m uC (t ) = m1 e
R1
-4 uC
-5 i1 R1
-C? IS RLC1:

9C01S@90 qB@ fC89D0@ fg U4WW@? 4U5 @V5W : =6
/;Va U46Z6 P@V6@9>69N5 C =5F /012 3456 - E2 A. (L,r) A1B
=>?S@ZS L8Va 345W j@[ V>S _`L@. t =0 Ab>@ fg 2 _eVW
U4W8@?9Bl; hR>R6 5U5 @ foM96 =BM 9;V0@ A@pPM 345W@.=6Q
P -1 2@Lb9 LbS 2 @LMM0 @9C8 f0 L@? 5U5
-2 Pj@L1W@ A@ ABYeL:0@ LN[[>8 f0@ uc 9;V0 0R02@P[W @ZrW =c @Lb9
P -3 /C AWBa LBSLBC6@P
qr@ AaLo@PCW V1:WM Vj fg@P =BM@ t = 10ms =B0b>Y t = 40ms
45Z
-0 :I
! URa S
226
88
A
z
238
92
Ik Rn@! U
-1 IUZ Ik U m6

1 -2 !S 226S! p U> Rn_ uAL.
-2.1U V I1 S1 5X1 _ A 5. WJ Z Ik1U?> I_i mi I_iKL u 1
-2.2 Vb I_i 6 I#S> 560 Mev
> -3 I_i1 E I_ 98% 5. IH_S I I_i 6 I#K 1 >6 S @? I pH 5X
S S L@??. ) I(
-4?` ? I6 IH_S
238
206
65
V? 56 -5?H S S Ib> 82 Pb 92 U
U -6 Wb#!b !} b W!L
S_ S6 Ib p6 }Xk "S S_ 5 p6 I! I-
5. }!t I_U 6 U_ SU 6U
. 131
I6 I0 6iX:
53 I
6 -6.1 6S WJ k _}
S -6.2 Iz1 ! 75% Ln o0 IU
b Wb -6.3 #> H i1 I_ 5 p6
? _ SkS I I L b ! .131
!NA = 6,02.1023 mol-1 : iU
56K :
- -t ;:IA
! I6? iU!Z ; L C=3.108m/s 5U!b L . n0=1

IA I I > I i p6 0=750nm Lt }t@ } A=30 5U!b<
KL Ib> n=1,63 U )! z.(75Z
-1 Vb It; IAK L S6 t!Z
-2 Vb I i?` I1!: D p6 5.b 5Z I1; IA
6 9;! -4 b p6 I1 IH. 1 IU I10X u p6. a }6 H
!Z p6 S d =2,5m SU> p6 St IZ I10k It;.IA
!tg : iU
Z! X p6 <S IZ I_ Vb IUH L I
-t :Ik
?U t H Ik >U ! .
VU # 6 5? 5Hb IX#6 L 1 p6 @! 0 @?i! St LS 5Zt.
Ik@! <6 Z U " ? mZ!:U WJ p1 # p LS IA>LtU! .
I p6? WK>K K I.U .U IbU
? W }6 5k1J n ! ? W mi 5.? }0 ? P0 I P1 P2 . P3
: P0 Iz1 u!U . t =0 : P1 Iz1 uH 1 IbU .# : P2 Iz1 uH 2 IbU .# : P3 Iz1 uH 3 IbU .#? I6!Z t : Ik@! Vm = 104m/s L . Va = 340m/s
6 -1 I! It : - I - It?S m
85
St =? 6 6 -2 @! Vm I:S> e WJ t }_ Vb
-3 Vb iHS! n
75
e-( : RG#- )N

:)N

(? 7 :
L 3 :
($ # , RBA
1 W
H:
* :1
Lx ?-$
&! U ! )-N R ! & A W / ( 4( & $ )-0 4? &[( 4$.......
)( :
3
2
H . M(Ag)=108g/mol :2A9 2
2
H 49 2 ND. =10,5g/cm : 2A9
9 . 1F =96500C/mol :
KND g , M ,5
Vm =25/mol 2N
)-0 4$ .NA L, ( S = 190,5cm Ej R ! $ F ! e ( 4 .N m &-. e = 20m &
F
Y$% &L U-$A )B',&!
# 0% 4$J L
j.4

j 4( . 0 X1- ?! 4AUR .!B

T ? #-$( # ( ' .N
). V = 200ml B / (Ag+, NO3-
)E G 0 ?IN Ag+/Ag . O2/H2O
-1? R 4$J#, #A ?IN- -J$
-2
R m - .N F H-I # 4$J
( -3) #d#-$ H, , .N
-4 ?-$
&! L ! t =30min . I !X ALi
-4.1 G,LB #$- N# #( H-I ?$
#X WX
RA 3'FLG m TL! I ) M(Ag F t I
-4.2 'X WBd 4B
# U L t
* :2
-1 I F R L WF I# B )
? :W&'( L
O
)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4
OH
CH C
CH3
CH3
?IN - 2 ) +( (2#$ #
A 'I 3'0 A ) (1 .
-2.1 ( ?IN F! ?$ <J, J '#G L WF kJ% ?IN
4( 4-X ( 4)E ?INA -2.2 )( H-I ?J$'0 (2 #.I . B
( ?INL$( ?$ WF #. B
-2.3 ( ?IN 4! ?$ A 4R F! B <J, J '#G
)'! H-I ?J$, - ?8 ?IN! C6H5-COO-CH3 J)'R e#$ #.$! H

eRN$ !X H-I ?J$, .# %&! , K = 4 ?IN
-1 I WF
#$ <J, J '#G $)'R e
-2 ( ?IN I WF
#$ ?
?INA )B', -3F ( - 4( U , T# ( 4 4( 0,4mol 4-IN
#$ 4( 0,4mol)'Re
LE G, L #%& Y0 #$ -5 Rx 0$ L'I ?IN# 3'FL xq
L -6 '& WX -x- ( ?IN
?IN -7% #-$( +( Fj () &L L#FA#R ) H-I ?J$'0 (K++OH-#$ ( ). (M
( ?IN I F '# 3A ( -I ?IN ', 4( 0,5mol 4( '- , Fj 4( 72,45g H-I '-J ). (M ?INA )B', - 4( m =30g -A#! XUX) 4A#R - = WE' ( (#-$( + L L#J# !0# ! L4x
!TLA L 30 J, #-$( 0 -x (#-
+RG #J# H-I ?J$'0. F
L0 ( -3.1 :T! 4xLA - -x'& ( 0 ( ( WF @% -d
-3.2 ( ?IN ?$ I F '# 3A
( -3.3
-#J
4#J$ &-I M(H)=1g/mol ; M(O)=16g/mol ; M(C)=12g/mol ;M(K)=40g/mol : ,
W A ?IN :
.................... + .....................
:149
= 10 g = 10m/s : %1,
T + E ? &,
- &( - L( <-, .-X A #$( +( YR '( !X 0 #$( # L- U! r = 10cm Ii (D) ,B( R, -1
# - R'! = 30 (? !)F H-I T),U ?! m = 0,5kg -( S) R- E $ 0 ! R8, H-I Y)'T
4( L! IF L! G WB #J ) (Y- '0 !X M &()I $( E( ()D) H-I $( F#! YR , .(1?
i) 0d
r
. a = 2m/s ( !o, i ) #$ Y0 '? o +#
( D) ( S) WB 4( ? Rr L -1.1
.#- U 1m/s WB IF &0 %1A [ $-? 0 U o +# xA! G $ x(t) '() -1.2
$( 4( ' aN [' aT F t = 0,5s [$- L'I -1.3
. J = 9.10-3 kg.m L #$ R'! #J )I , $ E )- M )LE -1.4
. (2?
i) %!%( H-I ?J$'0 C !X - &( - F e-F I @) (0 R8,( D) %1, -2
!%!%A ) B'0 L! IF L! $, WX #-( e- / ( = 0) # +#( 4( U , m !)L,
. J = 9.10-3 kg.m # #$ - R'! #J )I .e- #$( +( YR '( F #$( #
. (Ep = 0) - + E( # +#( x,
$ -N RX FL H-I I -2.1
. )#J0d TL! - )A (3?
i) R ? 8 -2.2
C !8 3'F 0 x R' m +F# LE R H-I I -
%!% -
,
-
3?
i
2?
i
1?
i
:249
. g = 10m/s %1,
T + E ? &,
G1 @#J ) (AB 0
F H-I T),U ?! m1 = 0,4kg -( S1) - WE : 4( (1)?
G 0 -8 I# B #
A -1
. J #J )I& -X A #$( +( YR '( 0 !X #$( # F #( 0 L- -! r =5.10-2m &Ii ,B( (P) !

Y)' T
R B( 4( - &( - L( F#! RA( B / G2 @#J ) (m2 = 0,2kg -(S2 WE
. v = 2t + 1 (m/s) : 4() TL! A I! AB
H-I (S1) WB Y)'
( S2) WB A e!#E U-( 3'F G1 @#J ) a1 ( S1) WB Rr L -1.1
#- U xA = 0 #J0d A +# 4( @[ ($ x, G1 $ x(t) '() -1.2
# H-I (S2) ( S1) H-I x& R T2 T1 # Li 4 B H-I 4A#' II #, YR ! -1.3
J #J) I
R H-I e$- FFd U YR ! -1.4
. (2) ?
i K !U - &( - -J( N !'! R8, # B 4I (S1) WB? JN, -2
r
Xm 0 ! E# H$' 0 ,#A +#( 4I WB) , . (o, i ) W- 0 x #J0d! WB #J ) (G1 +#( W- ,
. , +# E( @#G( !' / # +#( x, . L! IF L! @$, WX
$- -N LE FL H-I I -2.1
. G1 #J0 +!( x TL! , +# r A H'$'( (3) ?
i H'$' ? 8 -2.2
'! - K !UJ L H'$' H-I I -2.2.1
Ep , +# ( EC $'& I #
A 4%- 4#J0d LE -2.2.2
(3)?
i
(1)?
i
(2)?
i
e-( : RG#- )N

:)N

(? 7 :
L 3 :
($ # , RBA
2 W
:
) (1) (2.
: .
m V = 100 mL
. ca = 0,1 mol . L1 :
M = 122 g .mol 1 : C 6 H 5 COOH
25 o C
-1
. Ke = 10 14
pH 25 C . pH1 = 2,6 :
.1-1 m
.1-2 .
.1-3 Qr ,q pH 1 ca
0
pK A ) C6 H 5COOH ( aq ) C6 H 5COO ( aq
- 2 .
0 J,1 #-$( 4( Va = 20 mL B )'R e ) ca = 0,1 mol.L <., LAB
!#L( $F F#-$( E L L#J# A)@ . cb = 5.10 2 mol.L1
L'I 0#-$( 4( Vb = 10 mL WB$ L L#J##
pH #-$ #E# 0
1 L'I E
$ 25 o C. pH 2 = 3,7 #
.2-1 Vbe
.2-2 n(OH ) Vers A &0 n(OH ) reste 0 R #-$ &, L'I
.?IN
.2-3 R, RA LEL '& %& n(OH )V TL! ?IN . n( HO ) r3'F
-3 W A: 4-IN
1
+ CH3-CHOH-CH2-CH3 .. + .
CH3-CH2-OH
CH3-CO2-
..
C6H5COOH
4N : ,-. % * iD(2l

,
; M(Ag) =108g/mol ; m(Zn) = m(Ag) = 10g ;1F=96500(S.I) :
M(Zn) = 65,4g/mol
0 +.,1 #-$( 4( v = 100ml B , (Ag+ , NO3- ) .N A) C1 = 10-2mol*l0 ,

$N .N 01 #-$( 4( V = 100ml B , ) (Zn2+ ,NO3-) e, A)
C2 = 2.10-2mol/l $N 0 ,) ?J, .e, '! 4#-$ (' $- #,#(d . 8x
U i # 1 )-0 L) !X , .e,# %&! , #$ .K =1,8.1024 :
-1 ( NJ, dL )T !#B ?

-2 ?IN LR# A H$'( 3'F U I# B i #
, -3 ! !( 4 # ( U#( Li , U I = 60mA LB'0 4( 2hi #.
A $N - .N
:1
R L r
: 1
: . E
: 2 = 10 : %1,. L
-1 :
) K (1 )(1
) ( t = 0 C = 10F .R
uC ).(2
) uC (V
R
K
2
) (T
1
L, r
uc
.1-1 . uC
t
) t (ms
) uC ( V
0
A .
. 1-2 :
.1.3 ) (2 E R
) uC = A(1 e
) ..D* -2
.2)I D
) ( t = 0 ) K (1
) (2
).(3
.2-1 uC
2
.2-2 i / dE t = r.i .dt ( r( .i#
L .2-3 ' H'$ ?8 Ee
&! )x 0 ,
<8 ?8 Em ' r )x0 ,
WX i# L
)E(10 4 J
3
2
0,45
) t ( ms
0,25
45 E?) 2 .(,

O
. f = K.v . m = 100kg
.
`2 H
-1
dv
= Av + B
dt
A B
-2 a v
-3 g vlim
-4 K
:3
Cavendish 1778 G
G = 6,67.10 11 m 3 .kg 1 . s 2
.
C ) .(1
)( ) ( . J = 1,46 kg.m 2
: . M T = 5,98. 10 24 kg : 2 = 10
. T0 = 7 min
.1 .
. r = 7000 km
v G r . M T . v
.2

d
dt
)(
d 2

dt 2
-2.1
-2.2 . (t ) = m . cos .t + :
T0
T0 C . J
C .
-3 ) = f ( t
.
)( )( 2
-3.1

-3.2 2
. t = 0
2 ?
G
e-( : RG#- )N

:)N

($ # , RBA
3 W
(? 7 :
L 3 :

:1
- WE A 8 FT 0 J'I R / UN ( 4! 4' . !#Jx! #$.
, H-I A #,#(d NH4NO3 # 8%! 0

. ?IN !%! 0 , :-
)NO3(aq
+
)NH4(aq
+
(
NH4NO3
)(S
J GA% H' R #

J' - L, X=33,5 % : X 4( Y$ GA& . U
-1 . NH4++NO3- :
' ( T#-$( R, #,#(d A)@ C = 10-2 mol / L #
H I PH% #-$ . 5,6
.1.1 ( ?INA# #,#(d ( +
.2.1 G,LB L N# ?IN
L .3.1 R,L '& (. ?IN- 3'A
4( Y$A .3.2) - pKa !8 NH4+/NH3
-2 .
4( 'I %, 4( v =2 L WB 0 m=4g &- #-$( H-I ?J$'0 A SA)@ . CA #
4( VA = 20 mL B %1, #-$ SA#! @,#-$( F ( L& SB L#J# )(Na++OH-

A)@ H-I ?J$, CB=3.10-2 mol/L #
L'I 0 4( VBE=16 mL WB$ #-$ . SB
.1.2 ( ?IN ' % #$- ?$'X % @R, - CA 3'F
-2.2 n(NH4+) 3'F ( ,# 0 NH4+ #-$ SA
. X AWBa =6 [>; -3.2
iU :
M(O)=16g/mol M(N)=14g/mol M(H)=1g/mol

Ke = 10-14 JS 25C PRc A0ML@>QWY@ ABdW NH4+/NH3 AjpKa = 9,2 f

:2. % * iD(2l
)B', RB G0 ( R(d H I=-12mA
H-I 4! -1 R ,R # H$'(
T,
-2 J, 4 ?IN- -J$
4I RI -3 ?IN TL! LR) -I C
N, & 4#-$)
-4 ILB ?IN- N#
-I -5 # L ?G .30min
&!
'U # (L iT
-6 LA A L! ?IN (L iT
+
2+
WX n(Cu2+) 3'F ) n(Ag+ ] [Cu ] [Ag
F = 96500C/mol : , N, & 4#-$V = 200ml : WB$

:1 *
.m4
2/ 2? : 4N
.-NF (1?
G )# .( !$NF 0 LE#A L-B 4( R ! #
( ?RE F H-I m =60kg - 3)( Y)'
. R 0 T
L! IF L! 3) ('& Y- ' B D '- h NAU hm ,L LL$A H 4 % L&
. vo = 2 g.h I! O +# H? J L! IF L! D ' 4( 3) Y- '
3) 4! Rr L $' R( YR ! -1
.#& 4I BA' X1 e%
T + E ? &, . 0d x +( = 30 #
A I! O ' 3) -2
I& $A -N LE 4A#' ,8 #, YR ! -2.1
F E RA L$( y ( x) = E.x + F .x : ?
G H-I A
L W- 0 3) ( ( 4! -2.2
AB = 10m g = 10m/s H = 50cm , hm 3'F -2.3
.2H ,? E1 :,- 4N

. G #J ) (+( R '( O , 4(
$, t =0 [$- L'I
.(2?
i) F #R, 0 LE# %) -? - $ 4( H NA H-I O ' LE#A
.+ ? #& 0 &r#F U G #J ) v I # A (3?
i) H'$' ? 8
1=2,7.103 kg/m3 :
- B$ -

:,()3
3
2 = 1,26.10 kg/m : ?- B$ -

1HI
V = 4,2.10-6 m3 :
WB
g = 9,8 m/s 8 A
:y ,5 2D 2? -1
.!X &ALi R F #! &r#F U
H-I #& X1A % ',
v1 I! t =t1 L'I ?- $ H G #J? () J . H NAT
( i ? &,
t1 1 v1 g V TL! R 4I RI 4A#' ,8 #, YR ! -1.1
R LG LE H'$' UF! -1.2
:31 2D 2? -2
. f = k .v.i +(
# L 0 # H& , H 0j! ?& ? r#F U
+.xA
dv
+ 26v = 5,2 : -N ! #J ) v I # A % ',
(1)
dt
4 ( TL! G #J ) I& $A -N LE -2.1
( 1) $ 4( Y$A -2.2
& k !8 L! L LR? -$ H-I I -2.3
. vi = 2,38m/s ti [$- L'I ?
? #J ) (IF -I -2.4
vi+1 = (1-26t).vi + 5,2.t # ti+1 = ti + t [$- L'I I RA 4! r F!
t = 5ms 0 vi+1 .$ # t +(
3HI
2HI
* :2
A
?, 0 ? A 'A 4 . p(t) -( E#( 4 .A / (#-i )?
i H-I u(t) 4 .( A#A H-I ?J$'0 s(t
) E#( ?(( k / U(t) = k[s(t) + u0].p(t . ( A#A u0
. u(t) = 0,75[1+0,75.cos(103t)].cos(104t) : 4 .( A#A R, -1
-1.1 #, ! - 4 .
-1.2 I E# - Fp -($ i fs
-1.3 Sm LE A##J i u0 R -I
k = 0,1 !8 A##J pm = 15v ? LE 4 .
4?
i
RFT -2 @% ? , E# R,E ?8
-2.1 I WF R X Y Z
i ( -2.2 X R $ #I &0
* :3
# ( ,l hH .2)I
-1? 2. : LC
R, (5?
i) RB
# (: 4
A +r . k (
C=9nF F <8 L &.$A ?(( i((& (& -
(A#- ?8(( L# +., 0 +r 4$G (1) +#
<8, WX - $E H t =0 L'I (2) +#
6?
i
H-I 4! -1.1 H$'( ,R % WF%!% ' !( 4! uc(t) A#
<8
?8 -1.2A H'$'( 6?
G LG ). i(t
- RX -N &$ALG i
? i(t) RA -N
- ((? L $ 3'F
L- - u0 A#
5?
i
-2? ,3@ 2: rLC f(E
L,#, /$! (5?
i) !B i#! ! ?(( N, & i# $((& .- &( r
?8# A H'$'( 7?
G TL! <8
- q '$G)(.4
-2.1 RX -N &$A H-I
A '$G ?
G:
d q
dq
+ 2
+ .q = 0
(L$ RA T0 TL! L r
dt
dt
1
7?
i
= .T
-I -2.2 Ri RAL !%!%- #
1
2
4
T0
L
LEG % R'! r $A
C
* :4- 238 $ 222
222 ( WLI +G#- 0 LE# $&# .'NA 4I 3 ( ( -J0 4##, .238
A)@ 0&# !L# . Bq/m3!L ( ?
G 1000Bq/m3 4% $ H-I,j
4( L) G'F r! ! .
N##, 238 #E# ! 0#xJ #$ / , !NA 4( --F L H .222
238
222
-1A I '# 92 U : 4A 86 Rn
,#, YR ! -2N$,T LI LE N ( 4? #,
-3 A) 222? WB % 0
4( v = 120ml&# #E# !L WX &- LI N nd
'# 0 222 @%' U L . t = 500s
F I (#L( H-I - LI R :
-3.1 'G Iij '- LR
-3.2A 3'F) 0# 0
8HI
-3.3? % ) ?
G

# T T0
e-( : RG#- )N

:)N

(? 7 :
L 3 :
($ RBA
# , 4 W
H
2g} ..D* -1: AH D
,() -1.N
) } , / 4 pKA KE 2l5B .%l- / :
} 2g D
C6H5COOH
HCOOH
CH3COOH
4,2
3,8
4,8
pKA 2 l
-1.1
f hi- i @` # ..D* > 2E1'? K @? 2g} H f
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:2H-H B -A
. V = 4m/s G, IF /
,
( E# + L = 40cm #r ?R #JA WA t1 = 60ms [$ L'I
. t1 [$- L'I ?R$ # -NF
? G? 8
#(
,
( E#( E# #r : I -1
e!E? -I E# @ % '< L -2
t1 3'F E# #r ,R( L -3
t2 = 50ms L'I ?R$? ([& 8( -4
:23A B -B
?J$'0 d @ (+0 e-F H-I # I E#( #r #- # U& E ?F
.-NF? 8
? G H-I
& $A i ( FL [ WF L -1
0 E# #r D d L 4! U L WX )N L I -2
L H-I #J$ 4( d e- #-( TL! RB FL '
( -3
. . d = 633 ( nm )
#. E# #r 3'F
Y$( #.- G,T LR( ? -4
e-( : RG#- )N

:)N

(? 7 :
L 3 :
($ RBA
# , 8 W
:
:

)(E
:
-1 :
m = 102g ) (E
102g
1,5mol ) (B .
1,5mol ) (A ,5mol
,5mol
M(C)=12
)=12g
12g/mol , M(O)=16
)=16g
16g/mol , M(H)=1
)=1g/mol :
-1 ) (A ) (B
-2
-3
). OH-(aq
-4 ) (E )aq
-2 :
VA =25ml ) (SA
25ml
-2
+
CB =2
=2.10 mol/
) (Na +OH- mol/l
VBe = 12,5 ) (SB . pKA(CH3CO2H/CH3CO2-
12,5ml
,5ml
)=4
)=4,8
-1 CA ) (SA
VB < 12,5 pH . pH =6
12,5ml
-2 ,5ml
-.12 :
C
V
x
.
f
A A
xf
pH = pK A + log
-.22 xf
:
2+
+
Cu(s) + 2Ag (aq) ===Cu (aq) + 2Ag(s) :
v = 0,25l
C=0,16mol ,25l
,16mol/
mol/l
.
-1
-2
. I = 50mA
-3 50mA :
-4 :
-
)M(Ag
Ag) =108
=108g
63,5g
M(Cu ) =63,5 108g/mol
- ,5g/mol
:1
) (
.
(. S(t) = Sm.cos
)cos(2fst
us(t) = k.u(t).p
p(t)=p )).p(t
) (1 cos(2Fpt):
()=pm.cos
u0 = 2,3v
) .(2 ,3v
0,25ms
,25ms/
ms/cm : . 2v/cm : -1 1
-2 fs Fp
) um(min
) um(max )min
-3 m )max
:2
:
) (S m = 0,1kg ABD r=0,5m

.1 A VA=5m/s D .VD= 4m/s
-1 A D . R
-2 D t = 0 ABD . p
) (S ) (ox ; oy :
. y = -5t + 3,5
x = 2t
3,5t
,5t + 0,25
g = 10 . r = 2yD
10m
-3 Vp .p m/s :
:
C r = 5cm .
. m = 50
50g
S g
.2
)+ (S . t = 0
S .3
-1
-2 S d = 1m . t1 t1
-3 a &&
-4 t = 0. t1
. g = 10m
-5 J 10m/s
-6
100.
-
- .
2
y
VD
x
)(S
)X(m
)(C
t=0
d
0,2
x
0,2
)t (s
:3
-1 :C
. I0 =12
C =12A
t =0 1 u
. ).(2
-1 ) u =f(t
-2 C I0 C
-2 : LC
C Qm = 4.10-4C
L = 0,1H ) K.(2
,1H
-1 q
2
-2 T0
. q(t=0) =Q
) q(t =Qm :
-3
)u(mv
60
)t(s
)4 :(Cs

Cs
137
56
+ t1/2 = 12,93 ans m0 = 2g M = 137g/mol .......

2012 . a = 1013Bq
-1
-2 137 Ba
-3 N0 a0 NA =6,02.1023 :
-4
20
e-( : RG#- )N

:)N

(? 7 :
L 3 :
($ RBA
# , 9 W
H:
4N :
-1?D* 2 E ,3 }:2
%, 4( m =0,46g - 0 e#,8 #-$( H-I ?J$'0 ( )(SA
Vs=100ml BA)@ . CA
+
-#( : , #-$ =0,2S.m-1 : pKA(HCOOH/HCOO ) =3,8pKA(NH 4/NH3)=9,2
(H3O+)=35ms.m/mol ; (HCOO-)=5,64ms.m/molM(HCOOH)= 46g/mol
-1.1 ) #-$ - CA
-1.2 ?IN! , +( e#,8
-1.3 pH #-$ WX 3'F'# & 4
-1.4 R,L '& 3'F
-2?) 2 D : ,3
4( VA=20ml B , #-$ )#! (SA#-$( F L L#J# A)@ . CB
(
' L F RB pH TL! -x WB$ . ( , LL$A 4
(VBe=20ml ,pHe=8) 0
-2.1 ( ?IN ?$ CB 3'F
-2.2 !X# %&! , ?IN ( 3'A
0! (S) T#-$( .$, -3 ( 4 e#,8 ( 4,#(d ) NH3(aq H .
-1.3 ( ?IN 4! ?$ $ ,#(d
-2.3 ?IN I# B - Qri LR !X +( ,#
4N z ),- }:( 2-.) 2D9
J, (! 4 ) 0 e,1 #$ #-$( H-I R '$ U'0 IIN #- ) ,#d '$
Cu2+#
A ,# ).e,
-1 ( ?IN ?$?
1
# I )B', -2 ! F 4F1d #$ $N H-I'$ ( # #-$( 0 R '$ H-I ,8
$N)# ( e, #-$( 0 R )L .e, (#E U-! R e #
U -3 4( $N'$ ! 4( R) e,?
N #-$( 0 R ) e,
U -4 ( 4'$ R ! r = 3cm &Ii ( 4) , e = 20m &
F e, 0?-$( 0 -
&! #$ #-$( H-I R ) A#A R., .e, A 0 '( H-I G L# I = 1A ALi
G
) [,.(R,E ,R
L -4.1 F
j (1) 4 ) (2% R L#
-4.2 ( ?IN#B! ?$ ?

4! -4.3 ( ) e,U( & @% &'I R -
)4 (r + e) r 3 .(Zn
= ) n(Zn &
!: U
)3.M (Zn
3
Zn2+/Zn ; O2/H2O : , (Zn)=7,14g/cm3

M(Zn)=65,4g/mol )1F=96500(SI
)(1
)(2
: 49
:

+
# +.x . ? m = 70kg - #J ) (E% , ,
. f = k.v !X &ALi
-2
3
3
3
. k = 150kg/m V =6,5.10 m WB = 10 k/m - B$ -
,
W-F L! &-8( H-I R # E -1
?
G H-I
A I& $A $- -N RX 4A#' ,8 #, YR ! -2
. H-Id #$, (oz) E#,
dv z
Av z + B = 0
dt
& B A 4( ? L L#- '[ 0 L LR? -$ I! -3

L$ I 3'F -4
:,-

!U - &( - -J( ,)- N ! , ! R8( m = 15g - 4( #
,( F#, R,
4I x) ,.( 1HI) !X I! LA & #( ,# F H-I 0#A 0 # L.'( #0 #' +.,. K
'( L( U , 4( , ? B, WX L! IF L! @$, .N W-( ? Y! % ,#A +#(

j + E ? &, -I ?J$ ? B 2 H`? 8 . = 60ms ( (
&Rr 3'F $- -N LE
$ FL H-I I -1
x R' T0 x L ,R( L -2
. 4() TL! x? ( 8 RE ?
i H'$'( H-I ?J$, R! &.! ?B , ?J, (L'I -3
x = f(t) RA LE
. xm T0 x L m TL! (x(? '! $ )I# B - R'!
,
RA LE-4
., +# E( $ x #A +#( x,
1HI
2HI
:C

. Cs #) #, &
NA 4I L# G' Ii Xe #')

#,
A
Z
135
54
. t 1 = 9.2h # 135
54 Xe #'- <J' I
2
. z A L$( e
N % ( -1
G' RJ t=9h [$- L'I , a0 &rG, m0 t=0 [$- L'I
135
54
Xe #')
' I - -I -2
. a=284Bq '- Iij

. t 4() t1/2 a0 TL! a Iij G' UI I
. m0 3'F a0 - !
.LR -
4( 75 0 0 L'I e
N [ $- L - E
25
. N A = 6,023 10 23 #0 LI . m(135
kg #')
#, - ,
54 Xe ) = 2,24 10
:>

:RC f(E ,3@ 2N
? 2?
.(1)H` 0 ?8 RB) B', LI A#A RA RC ' X !BF FL
. R = 1k : , . t = 0 [$ 0 k +r Y-, <8
NA L!
uc &$ -N RX WX uc(t) A# ' %!% WF ! N ,R H-I 4! -1
.(2)?
G H-I ?J$'0 uc(t) =E(1-e-t/RC) A# %!% WF ii H-I 4, -2
. 0,1v/div:F 0,5ms/div: 0d F$< 8
F C 3'F WX E ,R( L -2.1
.#J 4( 90% 10% H A#& 0 ?J -[ $- # H-I t2 t1 4
-2.2
LLE 4( C 3'F tm = RC.ln9 # #J 4( 4!
.#- U R, [$ 0 - &( -L ((& L &.$A ?(( i#! L# #, <8
4$i L! -3
.4() TL! <8
0 ,)x A 3?
G 0 ?8 H'$'
-I ?J$ '[ WF L -1.3
T L Ri ,R( L -2.3
x L- (L Ri RI! L $ ((? 3'F -3.3
10-3
3H`
0.22
20
:C

2#B 2
2 E
1 B N =50Hz *4y 2i
(P) 2? 2D9} .D*
.H)- *@
` ' C/ B / ,5 D( 1 $%
d = 15mm. C/ 2@) 2D ,5 ?( y v#-B H`
4
-# v
l ./ 2B z % -1
?( $% 2B
` - 2%? m
@
? -2
S >#@ 2#1@ M 2(E@ 4
' ,@4
-3
a = 8mm 2/ ,5 4BD 2B
B .) ?( y B ) 2-#
$% -4
,4@ fB
)N #- e-( : RG

)
N :
10 W # ,
@
: @
Y0 W % NA( E L'I N2O5 ' X L? !' -$ R #$ F L,
2 N2O5 (g) = 4 NO2 (g) + O2 (g)
:f@L0@? IN
Ll@ L6 ABW nG(mol) B PV = nGRT :f@L4W@ Ll@ VSL[M 9S AB@L46 UcL:0@ fg Ll@ U 9C01S
.f@L4W@ Ll@ A0ML R= 8,31(SI) /;9 Aj T(K) /WD V(m3) /ole P(Pa)
.T = 318K A0ML 9 Aj PRc V = 0,50 L mML /WD Yl6 Lc fg N2O5 L _dS
.=6Q@_ 6 LcV@ fg P nld@ Vo; _ML0S nld@ LB[6 Ao2VM
P0 = 463,8 hPa = 4,638 104 Pa :nld@ AWBa PDS t = 0 Ab>Y@ fg
:AB@L0@ KL0R@ hoc= 6Q@ 9WM P/P0 ACrR@ LBa
t (s)
P
P0
10
20
40
60
1,000 1,435 1,703 2,047
80
100
2,250 2,358 2,422
x(mmol)
n0 = 8,8.103 mol :f N2O5 Ll@ ABKP0Mp LW@ ABW= BM -1
:x UcL:0@ P[;
P
P0
=BM AaI1@ P8P>; qD8 UcL:0@ Vo; A1ML0W@ -2
.xmax ha P[0@ AWBa =Bc PW@ UcL:0@ P[; Pj ?S -1.2

.x n0 A@pPM nG LlY@ ABY5@ LW@ ABW= c 9Cc P[0@ Pj =6 -2.2
P
3x
:AaI1@ 0R02 f@L4W@ Ll@ VSLa BCo0M -3.2
= 1 +
P0
. x = f(t) hR>RW@ 2 x P[0@ Ba Lr>M L2LB[@ Pj UW AaI1@= 6 LaIoS -3

UYc =6Q@ 9WM Ac9r@ 9Bl0; 3B .UcL:0Y@ ABWD>@ Ac9r@ 9c -1.3
.LBCW@= 6 /0WBa =Bc t1/2 UcL:0@ 3S =6 9c -2.3
.V[@ /0WBa P[0@ VYM PRc LcV@ fg nld@ AWBa Pmax B
Pmax
P0
ACrR@ qr -3.3
t = 100 s Ab>Y@ fg fN0R8 @ UcL:0@

= 6 [>; -4.3
: !.
) 35VY :A1BCo@ fg PjV; n[g LNR6 AI 9KLbS Pc /@ VY5@
9BbR@ (
) 37VY (
) 36VY
.LBcL1 n?S 36VY LWRBM 9[0r6 37VY 35VY
L06 Pc Wc hYc PBYD@ fg LWRBM .=6Q@ 9WM A0ML h[C; /0CrS 9W02LM PD08 36VY5@ AB>or@ LBW@ fg
.A8PC@= 6 /16 PjV0W@ 9J VY5@ A8VSM ASL[6 =6Q@ 9WM aLR0; /0CrS P D08 p 36VY5@
.9BJ 80M Wr; PBYD@= 6 ARBc fg /0CrS (t1/2 = 3,08.105 ans ) 36VY5Y@ 3R@ 9Wc Ag916
" A1?6 VS" "9KLbS" :=B>YoW@ 3891; nc -1
36VY5@ VS qB9; nc -2
36
: 18 Ar 9[0rW@ V VS fo18 36VY5Y@ fcL1 5:0@ -3
.A[CoW@ L:>S= BSVa LRBC6 5:0@ A@L16 q0 -1.3
fcL1 L?R@ VS L6 .1CRW@ BrD@ 2 nc -2.3
.t N0 A@pPM N(t) fcL1 aLR0@ VSLa LCc nc -4
37
17 Cl
36
17 Cl
35
( 17 Cl
.fcL1 L?R@ A0ML V B t1/2 =
ln2
= BM 3R@ 9Wc 9c -5
.f@LW?@ PWD0W@= 6 J A8PBYj ASVo2= 6 m1o0a m LN0Y0 PBYD@= 6 ARBc 9Wc t1 P8P>; P89S -6
.m AY05@ :S LN@ A48P ARB1M ASL[6 36VY5@ A8VS= 6 75% V2 PjV8 p ARB1@ fg
1
N (t1 )
= BM -1.6
:AaI1@LM ho18 PBYD@ ARBc 9Wc t1
N0
. t1 qr t1 = ln
L8QD@ fg VM95@ .PBYD@ U5?; LR # CO2 VM95@ fKLR L LcL[g hYc Ld8 V0>8 PBYD@ -2.6
. 5700 ans /:S9Wc ? _ @W@ 14VM9 9 [0rW@12VM9= 89BbR@= 6 V508
PBYD@ ARBc 80@ 14VM95@ UW10rS @ LW@ .PD08 p PBYD@ UJ QD0>W@ VM95@ fKLR L 9:S
:.
Ao2VM _ML0S Lg 345W@ L B t =0 Ab>Y@ fg K1 _`L[@ YlS .(1-1)U5?@ fg ho1W@ qB90@>[ S -1
(2-1)U5?@ .uc = f(t) hR>W@ hYc U>Rg =6Q@ 9WM 345W@ fg9` =BM 9;V0@ Vo; Q0 2
Uc(V)
(2-1)H`
K1
(1-1)H`
R =100
+
-
0,01
0,02
0,03
uC
0,04
PL?W@ 9Lb@ L6 .hR>RW@ hYc V>Y@ Q0p 2 nM AB:B 29@ hYc =BM -1.1
t(s)
uC 9;V0@ A@pPM ABYeL:0@ A@L1W@ Pj 9;V0@_ Wj VSLa BCo0M -2.1
.RC qo[@ fKLR4@ =6Q@ A0ML = RC B uC = E.(1 e t / ) :# ABYeL:0@ ? Y$A -3.1
.0MLj 9M .P@VW@ fg9` =BM 9;V0@ E AWBa P hR>RW@ hYc LW0c -4.1
.C 345W@ A12 0R02 @@ A1C0W@ A[89o@ P8P>; _6 AWBa =Bc -5.1
P@ fg LW@ LB0@ P Vo; _ML0S (1-2)U5?@ fg LW r LN06L[6 L LNd89>; U6L16 A1BVM 345W@ V1S -2
(2-2)U5?@ .i = g(t) hR>W@ hYc U>Rg
(1)........E = (R + r)i + L di :AB@L0@ ABYeL:0@ A@L1W@ hoc P@ hYc CoW@ 9;V0@_ Wj VSLa
dt
P@ fg 9Lb@ N@ qCrW@ 9R1@ V L6 (2-2)U5?@ hR>R6 L9C8 f0@ 9Lb@ f L6 -1.2

.KP@ LbR@ IJ P@ fg LW@ I fKLM9N5@ LB0@ P LCc Pj -2.2
r 2)I 2E m
@
? K I AWBa LBSLBC6 =Bc -3.2
.=6Q@_ 6 SLD06
= 6 [>; . = L
R+r
.L 3'F W X AWBa LBSLBC6 =Bc -5.2
(2-2)H`
i(mA)
:V RL qo[@ fKLR4@ =6Q@ A0ML -4.2

(1-2)H`
20
K1
15
+
10
E
-
R = 100
10
15
20
25
30 t(ms)
L,r
:9>
PRc VBRB089@ V nB2 Vj fg =BjPBN@ fKLR L fKLR L QWS NH3 LBSV6L _BR0@ -1
.500C 350C =BM V>6 9 Aj
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2 NH3 (g)
:f_ BR0@ N@ WRW@ UcL:0@ A@L16

f = 0,70 :f UcL:0@ N@ fKLNR@ P[0@ ACrS
.UYc L; V>; LBSV6 L _BR; U .fKLNR@ P[0@ ACrS LCc q0 -1.1

.9NDW@ V0rW@ hYc 9Br:; nc fKLBWB V>; LR A1:;96 9 Aj LB0J= 6 PKL:@ f L6 -2.1
LBSV6 L _BR; fg nB2V@ V L6 -3.1
10,6 /@ pH AWBa VS =1L /WD S VY>6 /Rc 0S LW@ fg LBSV6 L =6 v =0,24 L D LM-2
.LW@ fg LBSV6 L LM @WRW@ UcL:0@ A@L16 q0 -1.2

LW@ fg LBSV6 L LM @P[0@ Pj ?S -2.2
.UYc L; V>; LW@ fg LBSV6 L LM U -3.2
./0WBa qr LW@ fg LBSV6 L LM A@L1W@ A[g9W@ V0@ A0ML LCc q0 -4.2
.NH4+/NH3 AjQWY@ Ka AeVW>@ A0ML AWBa 0R02 -5.2
VA = 100,0 mL LWD AYjV fg UJPS LBSV6 VY>6 8VSL48 W =BM U]L>@ V>0@ A2P@ -3
LBSV6Ll@ VY>6 =6 VB = 40,0 mL LWD cA = 1,0.10-1 mol.L-1 QB9; 8VSL48 W VY>6 =6
(QW@ UCa UB@L>W@ fg NH4+ CH3CO2- LSV8 ABW UWNS) .cB = 5,0.10-1 mol.L-1 QB9;
:AB@L0@ A@L1W@ UcL:0@LM WR8 U]L>@ V>0@.9,2 AWB[@ hoc V0@ PRc 8QW@ pH LBa
CH3CO2H(aq) + NH3(aq) = CH3CO2 (aq) + NH4+(aq)
./0WBa qr V0@ A@L fg AcVWDWY@ Qr,eq UcL:0@ LJ LCc q0 -1.3

ABKPC@ A@L>@ fg AcVWDWY@ Qr,i UcL:0@ LJ AWBa f L6 -2.3
AcVWDW@ Vo; h>R6 0R02 Qr,eq AWB[M LNSLa
.8QW@ fg [NH4+]eq [ NH3]eq =BM AaI1@ 0R02 NH4+/NH3 AjQWY@ ARWBN@ no6 LW102LM -3.3
Ke = 1,0.10 14 :LWY@ fSV8 PD@ - :AM9D0@ 9 fg :iU
9,2 :f NH4+ / NH3 ABKLR4Y@ pKa AWBa 4,8 :f CH3CO2H/CH3CO2 ABKLR4Y@ pKa AWBa -
:
.=B0oBrM =B0@L fg V LNWD m LN0Y0 9o6 9oa A9 A2 90[S
9ZW@ L50p Va 9BC1; .(L8 Vj Pc) L V j fg VN@ fg f@VaL rV[2 A@L fg 9o[@ A9 PS -1
ur
r
.A0ML K 9o[@ Va Q96 Ac92 L1 vG B f = K .vG :f 9o[@ hYc
.P 9o[@ P L6 AYWN6 LNS= BM PBWJ A1g LCc nc -1.1
= BM PBWJ A1g LWM U:2 V>S /jV6 (OY) f@VaL V>6 hYc 9o[@ V[2 A9 PS -2.1
.g m K A@pPM B A =B0ML4@ LCc nc
dvG
= A.vG + B :U5?@LM q05; A9>Y@ ABYeL:0@ A@L1W@
dt
:=6Q@ A@pPM 9o[@ V[2 Ac92 9Bl; fo18 g9W@ hR>W@ -3.1
=6Q@ A@pPM 9o[@ Lr; 9Bl08 3B (
.9o[@ hYc 9ZW@ V[@ Ba KPRc La KP@ LbR@ VYM PRc Lr0@ AWBa f L6 (
. vl KP@ LbR@ fg Ac9rY@ ABg9>@ LC1@ Pj( j

B A =6 U AWBa 3'F W X vl AWBa LBSLBC6 P (
me91; LB@VaL n[r; 9o[@ mSL L6PRc .9o[@ L6 L0YWN6 PBWJ A1g L50p Va
9C01S -2
LN0c92 h@ AgLe t = 0 8V0Y@ I] L9C01S Ab>@ fg v x AB[g Ac92 LN0Cr P j 9Ba LN;P6 8 AC h@ Dg
.f@VaL?@ LLr6 =c L:Y06 Lr6 Yr; 9o[@ PM LPRc v y AB@VaL?@

(Oxy) V0rW@ Y1W@ fg y(t) x(t) 9o[@ A9>@ =B0BR6Q@= B0@L1W@ Pj =;VBR@ fSL4@ VSL[@ BCo0M -1.2
t =0 Ab>Y@ fg 9o[@_ eV6 V O B
./01BC` P 9o[@ Lr6 A@L16 Pj -2.2

g = 10 m.s2 :(A@L[4@ P)ABe ABMLD@ Lr; :iU
1 = 1000 kg.m3 :LWY@ ABWD>@ AY05@

2 = 1,3 kg.m3 :VNY@ ABWD>@ AY05@
v(m .s-1)
25
20
v0 x
v0 y
15
v0
10
H3C
10
15
20
25
30
35
40 t(s)
:b
:/Y:2 U5?@LM Lo16 V?RW@ 3S AB8QD@ /0lB] L:0@ A>K /@ fK 9o16 UB4BW@ VSL;VM -1
UB4BW@ VSL;VM LNB@ fW0R8 f0@ ABKLBWB5@ AcVWDW@ f L6 -1.1
CH3
O
CH2
/8QD@ QBWW@ AcVWDW@ f L6
B VR@ B A =BBKLBWB= BcVS UcL:; =6 UB4BW@ VSL;VM _BR; =5W8 -2.1
H2C
C
A LNB@ fW0R8 f0@ AcVWDW@ f L6 .fYBrVM9 W
O
.B A =BYcL:0W@= 6 U 2 V?RW@ 3S AlB@ nc -3.1
UcL:0@ 2 V L6 ._BR0@ N@ WRW@ UcL:0@ A@L16 q0 -4.1
.B UcL:0W@= 6 n0,B = 1,0 mol ABW_ 6 A UcL:0W@= 6 n0,A = 1,0 mol ABW QWS t =0 Ab>Y@ fg -2
:f@L0@L_ BR0@ UcL:; A@L16 q05S fY8 LWBg .25C PRc A0ML h[C; fYcL:0@ n2V@ 9 Aj
UB4BW@ VSL;VM V C B A(l) + B(l) = C(l) + H2O(l)
U]L>@ UcL:0@ P[; Pj ?S -1.2
:f@L0@ PD@ UW .n0,B nB nC LW@ LBW= BM AaI1@ Pj -2.2
nB (mol)
0,60
0,50
0,40
nC (mol)
fg PjV0W@ UB4BW@ VSL;VM fYBrVM95@ W>Y@ LW@ LBW P8P>0M m>W2 ABC89D0@ L2LB[@ -3.2
:=BB@L0@= BBR>RW@ 2 902 UcL:; LR nBY@
.fYBrVM95@ W>@ UB4BW@ VSL;VM =6 U ABW Vo; hR>R6 UBY10@_ 6 P -
.PW@ V>0Y@ fKLNR@ P[0@ ACrS qr -4.2

A2P@ fg LC@ V>0@
VJ f L6 -5.2
.IcL:0W@ A1BC` 9BBl; UcL:0@ P6 BY[0@ A[89` 90a -6.2
Lr8 V LNWD ARBc JS AH /@ Q69R2 @UcL:0@ A8LNS fg f[C0W@ fYBrVM95@ W>@ L6 ABW= BB10@ -3
.Cb = 2,0 mol.L-1 QB9; (Na+ + HO) V@ VY>WM 98L1S nBY@ D (
1
) 9?c
10
Vb,E = 17,0mL : V ZgL50@ VYC@ LdW@ V@ VY>6 D
U]L>@ 98L1W@ UcL:; A@L16 q0 -1.3

98L1W@ UcL:; P[; Pj ?S -2.3
ZgL50@ A@L P8P>0@ A[89` 90a 98L1W@ fg ZgL50@ 9c -3.3
_ BR0@ UcL:; A8LNS PRc f[C0W@ n(AH) W>@ L6 ABW 0R02 ABKPC@ n0(AH) W>@ L6 ABW qr -4.3
fYBrVM95@ W>@ L6 ABW Vo0@ fSLBCW@ hR>RW@_ 6 A[gV06 ADB0R@ U
n(mol)
,4@ fB
)N #- e-( : RG

)
N :
11 W # ,
,-
:

A #$ R, eR
#E#! # ,# F#! 'Bd e
N R #$ F L,
:) -Ld? IN! E% ',
H2O2(aq) + 2 I(aq) + 2 H3O+(aq) = I2(aq) + 4 H2O(l)
. )x(\L (4E )L ?IN ( 4( U , -1
eR
$! $( 0,10 mol.L-1 @)A #FA#R # #-$( 4( 20,0 mL ), t = 0 [$- 0 -2
.0,10 mol.L-1 @)A 'Bd 4( 2,0 mL 4( 8,0 mL +(
: LB H-I '-J$0 ?
G #' X )A # A !( 4( '
A RF'( )0 !
t (s)
126
434
682
930
1178
1420
[I2] (mmol.L1)
0,00
1,74
4,06
5,16
5,84
6,26
6,53 ........
(##F L!T 3) ? - 1.2

?IN LA LE G, - 2.2
.x ?IN LA[ I2] 4! U LE - 3.2
#' X )A 3'F HJd L 4I - 4.2
.#$& , L'I ?
G
:4() TL! ?IN LA A ?8 ?! H'$' -3
@% A < ?IN- B$ I I - 1.3
.?-I 4() ! I
[$- 0 ?IN- B$ I - 2.3
t = 750s
. L? IN< J, 4( I - 4.3
x(10-4mol)
0,4
:,-

t(s)
250
A1
Z1
X 1 X 2 + X 3 : ! ( % ' #'? IN 4

-1
A2
Z2
A3
Z3
$@ % 0 N$,T 4,# -1.1

Elib ?IN % 4( $ RI -2.1
:#
/ ?IN % 4( $ 3A#' UIN - ! r 4! N RX -3.1
El(X2) + El(X3) - El(X1)= Elib

235
1
95
138
1
: ! % ' 235 #,# #, G, #$A R, -2
92 U + 0 n 40 Zr + zTe + x 0 n
lnA
4
0
25
t(jour)
z x 4L 4! ? -1.2

#$ % U $ -2.2
El( 235
92 U ) = 1783,5MeV :H A
El( ) = 1139Me V 138zTe El( 4095 Zr ) = 821MeV
/ (G,T % 4I BA' Zr #,# )#, -3
Nb #!#, #, ( - i L! e
NA
Zr #' e
N ( -1.3
95
?E 4( 40 Zr #,#)- <J' I 4A L, -2.3
' A Iij G' BE LI F#! , e
lnA(t) = f(t) H'$' H-I '-J WU( 3(,! F#! 4095 Zr #, H-I #$A
#' <J' I I -
Iij G'! X t A0 TL! t [$- 0 '- Iij G' A(t) RI I -
b a 4( ?? 8 ( lnA(t) = at + b 4! -E
Iij G'! X H'$' 4( LE -
95
40 Zr #,#)- <J' I -
:C

: ' H-I #$A !&? 8 (1) ?
G
.C F <8
( .E !&
$ A# A#- 8( L#( .K +r .R2 = 4K R1 = 1K &( ( (U#( UBN UAB UPA UPN : A# 4( ?
0$ R I .K+r Y-, t = 0 [$- 0 -1
:?
G! 4() TL! q <8
' $i -N ! 4
, 4! A# + E #, YR ! -2
b a 4( ?? 8 (
dq
+ aq b = 0
dt
4( ?? 8 ( q(t) = (1-e-.t ) : ? 4( Y$A -3

: q(t) TL!
dq
(A)
dt
(2)?
G
dq
L A ?8 (2) ?
G -4
dt
:4( ? LE(2) ?
G H-I IT!
.L- 4()! X .C <8
F # - !&
$(&
# A
R1
5.10-4
2,5.10-4
E
q(C)
N
R2
:>

WE <G2005 'F 0 G I# B 0 +F #
RI 1930 'F (Pluton)#A#-! #< G
&!G( # ris G Yj L'I Ux & WF H-I (ris) F G # %B'( LLE
!0 (UAI)
-N $A + BA U ." #
< " A # 4
-N 4! LE U L!
Crs ris 0( plante naine)
# < H # RA 4( Pluton ), A 2006 'F
.' F 557 @L TE L! G # B-- L( 0 L -1
TP = 248 ans :#A#-R L L
TT =1,00 an : L L :)(
.B-- L( 0 G # #
L L! Y- -R
/8 #, -1.1
. L! e!E ! #A#-! L( 4( H, L! + ? L( -2.1
4( , X .( )!' Dysnomia (#' F Rr e- #
-N< G L! 0 -2
: #J H-I #J$( #' L( G,! $ F d 4( R
MP = 1,31.1022 kg :#A#-! - :)(
RD = 3,60.107 m :(#'L L L < J,
TD = 15,0 jours 1,30.106 s :(#'L L L
G = 6,67.10-11 m3.kg-1.s-2
: %B! X
: ['( # (#' N, . # (#' FL! % +E L -1.2
.- +E % - 0 R'F
r
TL! (#' #J ) a RI -2.2
NASA, ESA and M. Brown
(1)?
G
(California Institute of Technology)
L -3.2 (? &B( @BA

3
D
R
4! -4.2 RI L L (#'L:
G.ME
.TD = 2
? #, -RY$( /8 .?-I

-5.2RI 4( 3'F RI TD ME - W X &.
ME
-6.2 ' 4! R - !#A#-
MP
r
uED
E
i G HI '[ .#A#-! <'JA 0

H:
U# #
) X1A $A . -$- ),j#$ U# H4R-
) U (e! )()A 4 # $ . -$- R
-1
( - : <J, J '#G $ CH3-CHOH-COOH :4R- - 90,0g.mol :#
) - pKaLI \ E $ 4R- $ )(, . 3,8 :HA )(! 4R- / -1:#
-1 - I <J, J '#G LI- $ 0) 4R-# U(
-RI I !X) - Ka # $LI \ E $4R-
-2 RB #-$( pH 4R- ) 25C L'I C = 1,010-2mol.L-1 H I pH = 2,9 :
-LE G, L ?IN +( 4R-
- A) ,# d#,# 0 #-$
R,L '& ?IN +( 4R- ( . 3'A
-3 - 4( U ,' 3 RB !X) Ka # $ E 4R-.pKa e%
-( H # UT ( <N pKa ! ,
) -2 / ,5 #:fD
0 +.,1 +( - 'I 4( 20,0 mL (#'0 4 40LA <.,#-$( B L L#J#
A)@ # A U, . 5,010-2 mol.L-1 F# L'I -IN#-$( 4( 9,2 mL 0 L L#J#.
-1- x( WF RB ? 0 @% (,R! 0.
-2 ( 4! ?IN 4R- ,# &L.(HO) L
-3LE G, LA ?IN ) $ # 'I 0 4R- -$ L.
A -4) 0 4R- -$ B B T .1,8 g.L-1
? -$ L r
- 3. % :

.
.
: / :
4
1
2+
1
) Sn( aq ) / Sn( s ) . O2 ( g ) / H 2O(l M ( Sn ) = 118 ,7 g .mol . 1F = 9,65.10 C .mol
Snaq2+ + SO42 aq
.
-1 .
-2 . .
-3 t = 10 min . I = 5 A
.
,4@ fB
)N #- e-( : RG

)
N :
12 W # ,
:

:.%} ** 2#* RL f(E ,3@ 2N
? -1
R = 100 , . (1?
i)R,E ?8 RB R,
L# (! 4! uBM(t)#( d? # (! 4! uR(t)A# A +R, t =0 [$- L'I k +r Y-,
. 2?
G 0 -8 ' $' H-I #J$ 4( FL@ % '
(
L 0 i LG& $A -N RX -1.1
? # (! 4! uR(t) A#- ?8 H'$' e!#E U-( L WX %!% WF ! N ,R H-I 4! -1.2
4()! X E $(&
# ,R( 4I -1.3
L 3'F r R uRmax E TL! i#- r -L ( RA L -1.4
2?
i
1?
i
:.%} ** 2#* RC 2N

? -2
. t = 0 [$- L'I K +r Y-, WX #$G( <8
! ! i# #,
<8
(! 4! A# # A +RA 4( FL '
(
. 4() TL! ln(E-uc) A -NF R .
uc A#& $ -N RX -2.1
C 3'F 4()! X L R eUF! -2.2
u c = E 1 e t / RC # ? -I
3 = : /$! (C) <8

+( RA B %( C) <8
- C -2.3
( # # H-I)RA N R(
:,-

. Cs #) #, &
NA 4I L# t 1 = 9.2h I <J, G' Ii Xe #')

#,
A
Z
135
54
. z A L$( e
N % ( -1
Iij G' RJ t=9h [$- L'I , a0 &rG, m0 t=0 [$- L'I 135
54 Xe #')
' I - -I-2
m0 3'F a0 . a=284Bq '-
. 11 H 4EL& % #( 4I Rr $ LI n / E n =
13,6
(ev) U RA -3
n
$@ % 0 &r WX FFd & 0 % #

n L -3.1
41 4( % 4
A - #,L L -3.2
.FFd # 0 #E# 4EL& H-I 15ev 10,2ev 6ev : # H-I &Ar ,#A#0 A -3.3
. N A = 6,023 10
23
135
. m( 54 Xe ) = 2,24 10
25
kg @4H - 2
,()- ,#A#N@ % k A ?

:C
,# &E GF ? 0 4( U Y I LL$A ?E @
# (#$ B( 4 A/I! H-I(B ?R
E# - #0 LL$ .A#J% #! ?FA Y F /IRi #$, Wr 4( &r ?R
! L 4( &F
, R, . @BAij ( .F
I -1 E#

,
?8 -2 R R,Eij ' 8R .-R
IF ,G, E# . V = 1500m/s
L -1.2 L 4! -NF RF ij
-2.2 Y I h 3'F @

>:
:L

r
. K
@ ,1z@g N 4/ V0 23. 2%1 t =0 .@% 2#B 2@DI 2El .*
r r r
. (o; i ; j ; k ) #
)- ,> B ,5 2El. 2/ .-
. 21(@g E 2El. y B 2yN

$D@ ./ .%E ./
% -1
29
2 @* ),- -E J#(
-2
dy q
+ B y = 0 , y(t) yEED* ,

dt m
29
2 )/ y(t) #)* ./ -3
t L #@ v0 2'. x(t) #)* .B -4
2D 2)#z 1 2 )m
@
? z(t) .B -5
: H
: )%9* 2?-1: 1 4N
VB =5ml N/ v hA- CA=2.10-2mol/l 4

*D (SA) ,3 D VA=20ml N/ ,5 fi. CB= 5.10-2mol/l , 4( *Na++OH-) i .1.y ,3 D
. pH =4 2 E $(% v% iD ^ L pH l
m
@
1* ,3y@ .E
2#1- ./} D %9
2 )f
-1.1
: ,
H` $% f
H* (AH =
/) AH/A- 2B4 2A D 2
-1.2
C .V
. pkA 2 l f1/ K pK A = pH + log A A 1
C B .V B
: fD Cm ,
H 4
..D* -2
(SB) J1 D 2(?) -( S) f/ VA = 20ml N/ ,5 fi. VBe = 10ml KND f} .@% {5H
$% iD- 1H` ,5 ,#N
f?
)

v#-B 2-#
,5 2@# l^ ? % -1.2
m
@
? fD ,5
D ,
H Cm 4
f1/ -2.2
[ A ]
{ 5H
.@% iD D ,5
2#1@ f1/ . pHE = 8 2 E{ 5H
.@% D pH l $(% -3.2
[ AH ]
?2012-2011:K

1 : 2- % 2345
,4@ fB

:
L'I , # 0LE
A)@ #
( ) ( T#-$( .$, -I ,#(d
.
-#( 250c #-$ :LB'0
( ?IN ' % #$-
?$:
4! .1 % #$
#$A # LI -
.2LE G, LA .?IN
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#E# 0 #-$ ) L'I (S1#.
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.
.5 L'I ?IN#
A)@ #
LI ( ) ( T#-$( R, -II ?8( F(4

.
:LB'0
0L 250c E
L ?IN ?8( 4! ?$( 4 .
.1 LE' R'&
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4
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#.
!X'8- # $
! Ka1 4 +( Ka2 ?-

:: H A
L'I , #
!X'8- # $
LB - ,#d 0L: 250C E

:,-
J(tartre)-T
&(') )! Y&# ( 4( /( U8 &# RJA @%T !-
FU % ' JRx ! F ()? (dtartrant cafetire)-% #$ H-IU.e
4) $ C#U ?)( 0 e - ) #, !# x :A
' <NxA : )? (10 '#-$( H-I ?J$ A)@ :
4! 4( .1)&B )&B% #$ H-I)EE 'Ej RF - IR( <Nx
.e!E i$A WA F )&B U8 d
.2 # #AR# RBU( - I Y$. <Nx

D4yN

C4yN

B4yN

A 4yN
(Rx (L10mL
( I 25mL
( I 10mL
( I 5mL
I -E# I -E# 1,000L I -E# 250mL 100mL
!, 50mLGE
+E
E
E
(Rx 50mL EE
4(VA=5,0mL WB %1, :- #-$ <Nx#-$ ! @, ( &L L#J#
))A(Na+(aq),OH-(aq)@ A. CB=0,20mol.L-1 # pH ) 4( 3 ?E? #-$ - 0 LI (
''
( 4 WF R 0 #:(6)?
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-
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L .4 ( 4 R
'8-
L'I .5 4( WB 0 #-$
.
3'F NJL .
dpH
6
d V B (10 mL )
pH
12
(6)?
i
10
15
10
VB
(mL)
: C

. i# A H-I e X1A 4( Y$ % &,L! LL #'! ()#
A (L'I i #-F R? E 4(
(1) ?
G! # RB Y$,
R=10
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A
B
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E=5V
(1)?
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(2)?
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uR=f(t) ? 8
.%!% WF ! N& -I L WF LI .1
C
L,r=5
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G H-I #
A (d? # 0r 4!
A#- -N 4! A# + E #, LxF! .2
Li
. B A 4( ? RI LE ! -N - ? u R (t ) = A(1 e Bt ) R .3

.,R( L WX . 4() +( ,B( L- ) 4()! X 4! .4
4( ? # < i . WL ,j 4([' 4( ?
'() B ,R( L .5
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(2)?
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LL #, L! i# A%
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L- ) 4()! X H-I ! i# A H-I LL$ #, X1A (
uR (V)
3,5
3
2,5
(a )
(Courbe
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( b)
(Courbe
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(2)?
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1,5
1
0,5
t (ms)
0
10
11
12
13
14
15

>:
Le super condensateur
N8 #, N ) ! ( 4 RA< 0
! 0
A. 2,7V 4$i A# @%
N8 #$ MP 'X H-IH-I ?-
(
<8 ?) 2# C( ?#( E
(3?
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) % '# ( 4
N8 !L( 'A kJx 0 ,LB :
1,9104J
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2,7V
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.
x( H-I ?8( .1L @BA? ( 4 ) i(t% @BAA# ) ' L
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t
M
R
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4
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R
4?
i
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N
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TL! <8)( H-I '-J 4 R 0 #.(5)?
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L ( 4 R:
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.5
.6
( x( ?8 -J$ &% . ?IN

$ U 4( 1mol ?
GA'#
: H A
:1

Ii m = 11,3g -( S) E +.,
F = 3N &ALi # -I YR , X &! 0 r #0 r = 10cm
!X I! ?'0 = 30 0d x +( &BA #

3
s = 1g/cm : ?- B$ -
g = 10N/kg : , . AB )B -r V = 3m/s
AB U WB H-I R # E -1
0

T # Li 3'F WB 4! Rr L -2
. 8 () o ' 0 IF L' WB +!0 B +# L'I # %$, -3
F
BO - U $ Rr 3'F WB A $ U !X
T # Li RI!
Y0 #- U R, [$ 0 E? )F &! ,# F ? L! IF L! o ' 4( WB $, -4
. f = 6.v $ U
T # .@UI
? G 4R F #$(
W-F L! &-8( U WB H-I R # E -4.1
(S)
F
X
?
G H-I
A $- -N 4! -4.2
B
B A RA L$(
?F &! ,# F
dv
+ A.v = B
dt
$- ) 4() L$ IRA LE -4.3

WB #J ) (IF A R,E R ? 8 -4.4
. 4() TL!
z
? E )% B A W 3'F ) 4() L$ I L -

4() TL! z #,d A RA 3'F -N - U L -
: LB ( W A r F! -
a(m/s)
V(m/s)
t(ms)
50
5,2
0,6
100

1 % 2: * 1 2#N) 2349
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,4@ fB2Kl
. $
-IyH:
R, RB 0 ?8 (1)?
G
# ( A#- ?8(( L#( 4 +r K( ?#( (( R(
L'I. C F <8
Y-, t =0 [$- K +r#! 4, F A(#-( F !( 4! A#
H-I ?J$'0 uC(t) <8 ' H'$ 0 ?8.(2)?
G
C = 1F : ,
-1 ([,i L RC! B )('
? ('& ( [ L$A U '[ d
-2L - (#E U-! E e WX !8 3'F ( R
1HI
2HI
0,615v/div - : K1
0,5ms/div -
- uc(t) RA
R, -3 0 ?8R =10 / (3)?
G
((? Y-,. L =11mH $ L'I +r. t =0 [$-
3?
i
-3.1 LE -N Li &$A 0 iL
0 -3.2'[ LLi %1A W . I0 = 300mA
< JA 0 -N% '[
-3.3 r 3'F ( L i#- - E = 4v : ,
#
A -4 L 0 -8 A# ?8(( L#( 4( (4)?
G
&($ E
+r k(
C F <8 L &.$A ?(( i((& . r
Y-, 4$G0 +r
<8, WX - t =0 L'I $E H ?8 . (2)+# 'A (5?
i) H'$ TL! uC)(.4
-1.4 I WF[ L$A 0L
( -2.4 WF L ?JNA' A 4 WX BRI! C 3'F RiL ( L- x L = 5mH ,
4I RI -3.4
&! )x 0 ,
<8 ' r )x 0 , i#
H'$'( F'( W-! ?8( -4.4? ( Ee(t) 4 ) Em(t ) ET(t
-
4?
i
5?
i
)t(ms
0,25
1
0
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G 'G Iij H ITB # 0 LI #- I'J 0 ? #&0 B ! B R
d 8Rx ,r ij! B ! H ( # ) W / . ( Radiothrapie% , Ux B! ,r
J 4I #,
6027 Co !# ( 0 IL (d F ('! G( + ? 0 '1A 8Ii (#, 4
I -1 ij
60
-2,#
( I #,
27 Co !#
: #,d 4! 4( 4!j #' L !#

#' Iij e
N ( -3
Co
28 Ni
29 Cu
. HNG H? JA ' R ! 4' L< -
/ . m = 1 g &- 60 !#
4( IE NGF F( ?RA -4
. IB- Iij G' A ?8 / #
? G 0 t 4() TL! ln A A ?8 A 4
( RF'( B(! F#!
. t 4() Iij e
N! X t = 0 [$- 0 G' A0 TL! A Iij G' RI -
. ln A = t + ln A0 : RX -
25
Mn
26
Fe
27
< J' I 3'F WX R 4( LE -E

2 ,42 10 Bq IB G, RJ H (U )(' L LE -
7
:B -III
:-( W A -1
.................. F ............... ................... B, G'A .................
,
( ................ #J
J # 4( F#( 4( /R' #J< 1 .# N, 0 4EN +(( H #d + E ?JA F#( ?N U -2
. (Do ;R ;Mi ;Fa ;Sol ;La ;Si)F# r#' H A
. N, !& A#! #J R
( X! &-I #J$ 4
L$( A A# E#( F# r#'
e% T8( I LR( F# #
H( -2.1
. N = 440Hz )@ !L'I , 4I (La r#' )A# E#( LJA -2.2
v =340m/s #& 0 #J IF -I E# #r 3'F A#J E# - '() L 4I *
# 0 Y0#A H-I &)A #& 4( 4Rr 4! ?JNA 0 * (
.?R$ #r E# @ % G'0 S 0r 0 E#( t =0 L'I L$, WX L =20m #r UR A#, -3
.[$-@ % L'I E# ( L( M / t1 =0,2s [$- L'I ?R$ ([& R,E ?
G? 8
.e!#E ?-I ? R$ #r G' E# Rr ( -3.1
E# G, IF -3.2
!& E# ( L'I ?R$ 4( , &A L ( -3.3

: 4N
C6H5COOH/C6H5COO : e')R E )+# x( (1?
i) H'$' ? 8
e')R E )pKA e!#E U-( L -1
100
%C6 H 5COOH =
:
')R # e')R $ ' RA 4! -2
1 + 10 pH pK A
100
pH =5 L'I & %C6 H 5COO =
1 + 10 pK A pH
[ C6H5COOH] = 2[C6H5COO-] : 0 pH -3
:,- 4N
& ! - , WX V0 = 100ml WB ( -E# 0 C0 )A ,#(d #-$( 4( v = 5ml B +., -I
. Cb = 10-2 mol/l @)A (Sb) #-$( H-I ?J$' e$ +( x H
+( ,#(d? INA (-1
( Sb) #-$ .$ R < - WF ( -2
C0 ) 3'F -3
-2
eL#-
$ #-$( F#! Cb = 10 mol/l @)A NH3 ,#( (Sb) #-$( 4( Vb =10cm3 B , -II
.. eL#-
#-$ va WB$ TL! pH A (2?
G)0 ?8 H'$' . Ca =10-2mol/l @)A
NH4+/NH3 : )- pKA 4I WX ? $? IN ( -1
? $? IN! , #! X -2
( Sb) #-$ ) 3'F WX 0
, XL ,R( 4I -3
@ %& F' #- < i
e!#E U-( L -4
-
2HI
1HI
:C 4N
I- # ,# 4! ! #$A F Y$A ?E 4(
: 4 4 -x Y$, H2O2 'Bd
. C = 0,1mol/l ) N, & 4 -x

4( 4( - ?
<.,
. V =30ml -IN WB$ RJ0 R

: - ? 0 ?$? IN(
.- ? 0 4() TL! 3A' #' X )A R,E H'$' ? 8 2.I + 2 H + + H 2 O I 2 + 2 H 2 O

( 2) -x- R'! t = 30min L'I & WX #
#' X )A TL! ?IN IF 4I RI -1
t = 5min L'I (2) ( 1) 4 -x 0 ?IN IF N -2
? IN- F R
RI 4
? I A 4I $ ( (? -3
?2012-2011:K

1 : 2- % 2345
:
) (:
2,0 10 2 mol :
. V = 100mL
-1 / .
-2 .
-3 .
pKa1 (HCOOH / HCOO ) = 3,8
-4 Q r ,i .
pKa 2 (CH 3 COOH / CH 3 COO ) = 4,7
-5
:
-1 .

VS CA=2.10 mol/l pH . pH=3,2
-1.1
-1.2
-2
-2 .
VA VB
. CB = 3.10-2mol/l ). pH = f(VB
-1.2
-2.2
-3.2 VA
-4.2 ] [CH3COOH ] [CH3COO- . VB = 10ml
-3 .
m= 24g -2-.
m=23,4g .
-1.3
-2.3
-3.3
:
pH
M(H)= 1g/mol
M(O)= 16g/mol ; M(C) = 12g/mol
8.6
4.7
3.2
)VB(ml
20
10
:
:
-I ) ( S
m = 0.05 kg ABC
.
AB O r = 0.50 m = 60
.
BC BC =1 m
r
) ( S . f
O
A
h
r
C
B
C
r
) ( S A . V A = 12m.s 1 A
r
.1 VB ) ( S . B
r
.2 ) ( S C . VC = 2,50m.s 1
r
- B C f . BC
- ) (S
.3 ) ( S BC C ) : ( S
r r
) ( C x , C y ) ( S . C
.4 ) ( S A h = 2 m
.5 C ' D D ) ( S.
g =10 m.s
-II ) (R . K
x G
) (xox G .
) (o ;i . .
-1 II
-2
-3 VG G t .
) (S :
2
. x(t ) = X m cos t + . = 10
T0
-3.1 T0 K
-3.2 Xm
:
L
C = 2,5 F u C ( t ) = u AB
. i AB > 0
-1 .
-2 t = 0 u C :
- u C
- .
-3 .
L.
-4
.
-5 R . R=10
u C :
-
-
.T
- = . t
4
:
131
53 I
8 ) 8 j(.
-1 .
-2 t = 0 . A(0) = 3,2 10 Bq
- :
16
24
32
40
7
)t ( j
A(Bq) 10 7
ln A
- ). A=f(t
- ln A t .
-3 . N 0
:
= 730nm . a = 0,1mm
. D = 2m
-1
-2
-3

1 : 2- % 2345
:) 2349
5
,
:
@ 4N
' L1*. / ,5 / ,#?@* ,3. ^L K ,1D {5 $iD - $% # . r =67%
2'?

H . m = 25g , j
%9?
) / H2SO4
#H9D.
-1
f hi- 2gi @`
??
@
m hi- i @` H DH ,1 DH
-2
) f %9* 2?
}D

% -3 $%
2
?k
H
%9 f1/ %9
23.#?
@
2
m
K
* .@% -4 hA- 2% N $ ^L
m = 3g 2DH ) KN/ g* y- ,5 ^L j.(2D
./ -4.1
%9 .) ,3.# 25DH ?
@
(* $D@ m 2% N
./ -4.2 * f i* .@% ^L 2% N 2/ $

45:1
) (C) 1B J

2i
v*9 @ m =0,16kg v

>#
)-.2 y vil 4 .@% K1N
} )(o ;i) K 4-. = 10 : j- K1N? D-?D- K xm 251 9 . ?.2%
k
J#(
-1-E *@ ,- e# ) 2
D &x& + x = 0 29 2@
m
Fx #
)- -2./ ,E N F
yN E ( $% 2E# K1N *.vjj
*) Fx # ). Fx(t) = -k.xm .cos(0t +
-3`g* $@D@ 2 H 2'. Fx $@D@ g
? .4: .B
2 l@ #L 0 } 2@ k -} z
2HI
1HI
x
45:2
m = 80kg G = 30 .
G ).(O,i
t = 0 . O

.
.x(t) = t :
-1
-2 aG
-3 f
-4
. g = 10m/s

1 : 2- % 2345
:) 2349
5
,
:
0,5mol 0,5mol -2 .
-
. na = 0,13mol
-1 2 .
-2 2
-3
-4 xq
-5 xq
-6
-7 ) (3 .

:
ABCDE ) (1:
) (AC = 30 . CD r . O DE . ) (S m = 200g A . . g = 10m/s
-1 AB g VB . VB=2m/s
-2 E VB
r
-3 I . O R )(S
V B2
I
R = m 3 g + R . r = 57,7cm
r
-4 E . p E .
) (S
-5 ) (S R1 OA
. l = 10R1 O.2
. J = 10 2 kg .m
m = 10 .
16 mgR 1
&& +
-1.5 . = 0
J

-2.5 T0 . R1 = 2,5cm
-3.5
-4.5
O
0
A
2345 % 2- :

1
2349 ) :
,4@ 5
.M
:1
. v0 AB[g ABKPM Ac9rM o Ao[R@= 6 /89 fe A@L[4@ LD6 fg [S 8V0Y@ I] L9C01S Ab>@ fg
. = 40ms A8Lr06 AB@L006 ABR6 P6 IJ /895@_ eV6 /Y:2 A[BV@ U4W;
. /Y:2 PD@ 6 W; A[BV@ LW102LM (1
. A895@ A9>@ y = f(t) x = f(t) =B0BR6Q@= B0@L1W@ PD@= 6 0R02( 2
x
A9>@ LrW@ AB;L58P@ A@L1W@ Pj( 3
. v0 AWBa 0R02 t Ab>@ fg Ac9r@ AND0W@ vy vx =BBP Pj( 4
Mi
M3
M2
M1
.. .. .
t(s)
M2
.. .. .
t(s)
1cm
.. .. .
x(m)
.. .. .
y(m)
.. .. .
x/t (m/s)
M3
.. .. . y/t (m/s)
:2
.VB Ac9rM B Ao[R@ h@ UB@ A =6 ABKPM Ac92 PM @QR8 m = 200g /0Y0( S) LCY] LWrj 9C01S
. AB = 1m LrW@ V` rD@ LN1oa f0@ x AgLrW@ A@pPM Ac9r@ 9Bl; (2U5) hR>RW@ U4W8
AB QD@ hYc rD@ A9 A1BC` P -1

VB qr rD@ Va Q96 Lr; 0R02 -2
VC = 2m/s Ac9rM C Ao[R@ h@ UB@ r = 10cm L1?@ BC 9KP@ QD@ hYc /09 rD@_ ML08 -3
. = 45 g = 10m/s JS BC QD@ hYc LL50p UWNS
C Ao[R@ fg rD@ hYc BC r@ 9B0M AS9[W@ V[@ P qr
:/ LB- )B'( -(
( W. RBA RA (1HI) ,R? 8 A :3
.&-, ' . ij RA u m cos( 2ft ) ?8 A u (t ) = u 0 + u m cos( 2ft ) : (x1) ?L ! A# RA .-($ ij? 8 A (t ) = v m cos(2ft ) : (y1) ?L ! #L A#A . s (t ) = k .v (t ).u (t ) : x ! A# RA 50 s / div H-I 0d $ R WA %!%< i ii H-I &-I ?J$ 4'$' ( 2HI) X#? 8 A
RB A#- 4L#( F#! 4R '( (t ) u(t) - . B A 4-L - R'! 1v / div H-I F F$
.<i
ii F 0 0d #$ +( R '( . x #
y1 x1 4-L H-I (t ) u(t) YR A ?R '. i ?8 H'$' ' . i ?8 H'$' e!#E U-( L X# H-I I( 1
4 . A# %( A) H'$' ! -8 ij : 4( ? A L (2
4 . R, m um u0 4( ? W L X#- e F! (3
2?
i
1?
i
x1
y1
u(t)
X
(t )
S(t)
:1
: Adg -L>S VW1@ 9C01S
Cu / Cu
2+
// Ag
/ Ag
I = 86mA /;P LB0M P@ VW1@ Q8 B 9LCW@ h>RW@ fg t = 1min30s P6 IJ AcVWDW@ Vo0;

PW@ IJ VW1@ LN>RW8 f0@ Q LM9N5@ ABW qr( 1
PW@ N@ gVW@ UcL:0@ P[; P (2
F = 96500C/mol : fo1S t PW@ IJ n(Ag+) n(Cu2+) : LW@ ABW 9Bl; 0R02( 3
:2
Pb / Pb
2+
// Ag
/ Ag
: U T () # ) B',
+
2+
v=50ml VY>6 U D F = 96500C/mol C = [ Ag ]i = [ Pb ]i = 0,5mol / l : fo1S

VW1@ fg AY]L>@ UcL:0@ A@L16 0R02 V[6 U fg UcL:0@ 3S A@L16 P -1
P>W@ UcL:0W@ P>6 UcL:0@ P[0@ f:]V@ PD@ QDS -2
. K = 6,8.1028 f VW1@ UcL:0M AS9[W@ V0@ A0ML LWYc -3
UcL:0Y@ fKLNR@ P[0@ ACrS 0R02 P>6 L6L; UcL:0@ L L6 P /:aV; Ab>@ VW1@ Ll0 Ab>@ =BM P@ L0D; f0@ LM9N5@ ABW qr -4
I = 250mA /;P LB0M ABKLM9N LN@IJ Q8 VW1Y@ =5W8 f0@ ABR6Q@ PW@ L6 -5
Ll0p= c VW1@ 3aV08 L6PRc A8QY:@ LSV8 QB9; qr -6
:1
:>? A* .# -A
:+F# 4 .! (#-( ?, --F -NF X#? 8 A
u m (t ) :2@ A ij
,R H-I W<

? # WFT L -1
: ij 4! 4( D C B 4( ? 0 &-I ?J$ ij L -2
u s (t ) + u 0 : 2@ A ij u p (t ) = u p (max) . cos( 2Ft ) :2D ij -
( 1) #
( . B A 4! (1) #
+., . u s (t ) A# A 0 &-I ?J$ ( #- -3
. (u s (t ) + u 0 ) u p (t ) ( u s (t ) + u 0 ) + u p (t ) : 4- 4A 4! 4( - I (3) W) B' -4

$$J - ( -4.1
)
W

F#!
-I ?J$ R -4.2
. u m (t ) = k (u 0 + u s (t ) ).u p (max) . cos( 2Ft ) #( 3
. b a RA L$( u m (t ) = a[1 + b cos( 2ft )]. cos( 2Ft ) ?
G H-I
u m (t ) A# 4!
.-NF? 8 H'$' H-I ?J$, %!%< i
Y X 4-L ! D B ! L'I -4.3
( 2) ( 1) 4'$' H-I A -
. u0 R % # H-I -($( W ' )!
. 4Aij A F f 4( ? ,R( L -
m 4 . R, -
.e!#E ?-I LE $@ % 0 +F# 4 .A ? -
: A
2 .# -B
4 . - I I -1
4 . - I Y$ RB) B, -2
4 . i L -3
:2
WB $ RB FL '! . (OS
F) = 20 (? !)#( H-I L! IF L! 100g - - WE Y)' -A
. f = k .V
# WB H-I YR ? # N, . V = 0,4m/s & L -! IF
$ U WB H-I R # E -1
TL! B A RA L$(
O
dv
= A + B.v : ?
G H-I
A $- -N 4! -2
dt
k !8 -3
t = 0 L'I WB A a0 -4
OS
0 V=V I! S ' H WB? J -B
.E '! 0 t =0 [$- 0
h=2m
$- 4'() 4 L 4A#' II #, YR ! -1

E
Rr L$( ( 3'F -2

E ' XL L -3
**** > I!J -*** 2-
:0
_)2WS ( II
06/04/2012
49):(2(E-12
( 4 ?EJ (LI ,,% !#
'( '( H ## & RIr ? A R (.
$A H-INA F 4( H = 405m !Xd ! I v 0 0L' A (# %W A0
L'J !d 0' .TL,-1-?

G ( G) #J L'J L(( W-( 0 ( '[(O, i , j ) W
(d! RA % ? &,.- @R,! L'J.

X
v
0
i
O
-1 F# : $
A
? &,# X1! RA&# H-IL'J.
j
L'J 0 t = 0 [$- 4( U ,' A LjX:
-1
) I! (xA = 450m , yA = 0v0 = 50m.s & v 0 LR

YR ! -1.1#, 4A#' ,8 LE 4)('4
)$ y(t) x(t 0 G .(O, i , j ) W-

[$ 4I -2.1 A L'J ! d.
T
Fd
-3.1( LE ( g = 10m.s-2 %1, .G
Y
-2 F#
! F:
`-1-H

<-A T # % L'I A L'J !d WA ! ! [ 4( '
A -') !R - I# B
)L'J [ (- HRA .m = 150Kg : F' N, H-ITNA ! 0 H Y' .O
A ) I# BL'J [L! #i (- 0 L! IF.t = 0 [$-
L, ( G1) #J 0 I# B .(O, i , j ) W-

? &, 0 L # R,
T &R&# H-I # 0
A I# B L ( ' H$$
IF v / f = K v :U! H A 0 I# B t [$- ?(( K

T.
-1.2 LE # -N G1 IF
! TL)(.4
-2.2 RA 3'F I. vlim L$
?8 -3.2 ' 0 H'$A -2-?
G IF
TL! G1)(:4
4I - I vlim L$
- )( 4 ) #-
L - ! WX K L 3'F
4
H):(^E-8
2+
2+
`-2-H
/ ) Zn /Zn : ( Fe /Fe
I
COM .
-1 .
-2 .
-3 . m = 56mg
x .
-4 I x F t I
F = 9,65.104C.mol-1 M(Zn) = 65g.mol-1 M(Fe) = 56g.mol-1 :
2012-2011
( II S)2W_
1- - > I!J
0 :
:(mH!8)10
06/04/2012
. n L Je 5L!

. g = 10m/s : Kne! . H =2m Ib> @6 SU 5m L AO IH I? 15Z 5.
:Ib p6 I1 I? -1

LS Ib 9 = 60 I I>J LL# _Je o1 IAS> I6? S> A m } bt ui! t = 0 Iz1 S6
. A 9 ui }X< U! >@m WU Wb# k_ G I S! . F =8N
. f = 1N LS I1 p1 U 1 I>J LL# S H I : I1 n Wb# 9;
Ib } n Wb# p6 IHi H t -1
Wb# k_ b aG f F I:S> m I 6 6 II !H ui> -2
.I1 n I:S> G kH I6? "25Z 5. -3
25
I1 b ! 6 -3.1
m I I_ `? -3.2
V(m/s)
o p} X I6? `? I1 I IU V -3.3
A
O' i
15
B
t(m/s)
0,5
:Wz IH. # I1 I? -2

. @i? p6 B IiH> Hb X U! Iz1 Ib Wb# "IHi F H K1 o IiH S6
y =f(t) x =f(t) I1 U St! .! H ui> -1
b IU `? -2
B p A I_"b I S Vb WJ B IiH JS St -3
:(mH!6)20
:; t -1
U(v)
b
.S# # I S 5Ub! U ?

t(ms)
; 6 -1
. 5Z p6 5k1 (XYz)K>K W? b 5! ; t uH1 -2
}6 5k1 ; X -2.1
b =4v a = 2v iU! m ; Ib! Vb -2.2
a
0
.I; It H? -2
p6 k1 ; I 5t Fp =4kHz 9? I; It 5Hb! V? V Ii?>
. L =5mH LC H?: 9 t@< K o.(X)
t 5 S Lbb u t@< K V-1.2
I; It H! C . IU? Vb-2.2
(4)
(3)
(2)
(1)
:(mH!6)
C =5.10-2mol/l @! 1 v =100ml W# p6 1 6 k! 5 Sk_/SS U!
. t =20h S I=30mA }S Ii? >: 5k! . m =10g }
SkH 6 Ik1 IU ?` 5 #> S1 K 560 IU V -1
S< K n I> L I Vb -2
IAL I1 IAS I1 1 i 0X S# YZ! -3
Fe2+/Fe Sn2+/Sn :60 t
x = xmax SH I 5 I " Vb -4
5
, ///// 2 Kl. 2-
2009-2008
:
)'! H-I ?J$, -1 ?8 ?IN! C6H5-COO-CH3 J)'R e#$ #.$! A

eRN$ !X H-I ?J$, .# %&! , K = 4 ?IN
-1.1 I WF
#$ <J, J '#G $)'R e
-2.1 ( ?IN I WF
#$ ?
%9* 4N@- -2?
1
^ l(- '
0,4mol %9DH / 0,4mol4@#
-2.1LE G, L #%& Y0 #$
-2.2 Rx 0$ L'I ?IN# 3'FL xq
L -2.3 '& WX -x- ( ?IN
+
?IN -3% #-$( +( FT () &L L#FA#R ) H-I ?J$'0 (K +OH#$ ( ). (B
-3.1 ( ?IN I F '# 3A
-3.2 ( -I ?IN ', 4( 0,5mol 4( '- , FT 4( 72,45g H-I '-J ). (B
M(O)=16g/mol ; M(C)=12g/mol ; M(H)=1g/mol ; M(K)=40g/mol : ,
49:
* :1
L( <-, # - &( - (B !
r &Ii)I #J #$ R'! J !X
(( 4) ? $ . I x (S) R- E ,8. m = 100g -
$, -1 L! t = 0 L'I I# B . (t=0) = 0 / L! IF
0 & )B'A (L'I WB
R 5.
-I -2 )
R- . && = 91rad / s #
-2.1 (# B )I # H-I -
R
-I -2.2
T (& - A#A.x
L -2.3 )(' $
R
-2.4 L )(' U( ?J I)
R-
H . = 105rad/s
* :2
.!, R, N ( ?($! R8( -J 0r 0 ? $ R- E ?NFd. m = 160g -
), -1 #$, WB$, WX Xm 0 ! ?NFd@ .
YR ! -1.1#, 4A#' ,8 LE $ -N (S) WB
?B, -1.2 H-I ?J$'0 WB ?B ?8.-NF
L - L x . Xm +F#
)x(cm
- LE !'- K !UJ
- )(' $-
1
)t(s
)(s
o
z
0,2
:) 2349

1 : 2- PC
H:
#-$ Vs = 500ml B .$, A HCOOH e#,8)@ . C = 9,9.10 mol/l #
pH #-$ H I L'I 2,9 E$ .25C
-I?D* 2 E ,3 :pH
-1 ( ?INA +( e#,8
-2 R,L '& ?IN- 3'F
-3 RX C 4! U ] [HCOOH ] [HCOO-
D %9* -II / D > - i:
+
#-$( 4( Va B %1, e#,8#! @,#-$( F #J ) A (Na ,OH)@
'
(. Cb = 10-2mol/l #' 3 4( &-I ?J$ ': R,E H'$
-1 I H-I RL Vbe WB$U #-R
0
4( Y$A -2) #-$ C WX e#,8 3'F Va WB$
-3 ( ?INA ?$
49:
- I ? A8
! 4 . 0$ B( 0 #J (# TJAT.
?8 ') H'$.4 .( A# T8( (1?
G
-I
: A
-1 ! IRFd . 4 .
#, ( -2 % 4 . #E ?-I!. e
RA
-3 A# H-I 4 .u(t) = k(s(t) + u0 ) : ?
G
s(t) = Sm.cos(2fst) / ). p(t) = Pm.cos(2Fpt
: ,R( 4I -3.1
* A E# -($ ij
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

1 :  2- % 2345

LE ?8( -1 LA . ?IN

*)((H O ) = 35 mSm .mol (Cl ) = 7.6 mSm 2 .mol :$

2345 % 2- :

m   4N-x( 4 ! L -2.5

. HCO2 HCO2H 4I#' +#A H'$'( -NF

B #R- & - $  ' $G (  1

2345 % 2- :

' = 1 + : 4! 6.2

2345 % 2- :

: 1 0 ),t = 0 [$ L'I

!) #i#( H-I #-    # () A

 -4 *) 2} # D  :

1= 35.10-3 s.m.mol-1 } 2 2- H3O+

A C/ .%E  D 2E5

. 100ml C13H18O2 . M = 206g/mol

-4  #N (r 4

#, !#$- - A#'! &(L L'I 

m(Rb) =92,9017u ; m(Cs) = 139,8871u ; m(U) = 234,9935u ; 1Mev = 1,6.10-13J

K A ( HCOOH / HCOO ) = 1,8.10 . pKA= 3,7

)N #- e-( : RG

)  ,l v@H  AL v9  ..) ,5 (C6H8O6 :H? /) C 

: 9 AH 41 560 -

# Vk! V0=250ml o>J L# IU It 

 9 "  > v = 1,04

( 35) ! }_ S WJ 560 k!  6 -5

-A? I? AJ I>#: RL ViH

-B? I? AJ I>#:RC ViH

-C? IS RLC1:

-1 IUZ Ik U m6

! I6? iU!Z ;  L C=3.108m/s 5U!b L . n0=1

e-( : RG #- )N

e-( : RG #- )N

M = 122 g .mol 1 : C 6 H 5 COOH

4N  : ,-. % * iD (2l

; M(Ag) =108g/mol ; m(Zn) = m(Ag) = 10g ;1F=96500(S.I) :

0 +.,1 #-$( 4( v = 100ml  B , (Ag+ , NO3- ) .N A) C1 = 10-2mol*l0  ,

45 E?) 2 .(,

e-( : RG #- )N

, H-I A #,#(d NH4NO3 # 8 %! 0  

J GA%   H ' R #

4( VA = 20 mL  B %1, #-$ SA#! @,#-$(  F ( L& SB L #J# )(Na++OH-

M(O)=16g/mol M(N)=14g/mol M(H)=1g/mol

AB = 10m g = 10m/s H = 50cm  , hm   3'F -2.3

.2H ,? E1 :,- 4N

e-( : RG #- )N

Y-, WX R1=20  0 +r . t = 0 [$-

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e-( : RG #- )N

 )   (.

][8,3 10 - ][10,1 12,1

IV. % * iD (:2l

Zn WB / Ag / Ag #-$ 0 ,#d? # I <J, #

100ml ) LR ,# Zn 2+ ( Ag + [ Zn ]i = [ Ag ]i = 0,2mol / l : . F = 96500 C/mol

e-( : RG #- )N

)( H O = 1 = 35.10 3 S .m / mol : , C H COO = 2 = 3,6.10 3 S .m / mol+

* f1/ 4- -1 .@%

4. % * iD (:2l

. t =0 2D .@%2 > ,5 >zE > A- K hH  D`- C/ 2E1 2N

M(131I) = 131 g.mol-1

e-( : RG #- )N

1 : 2- % 2345

LE ?8( -1 LA . ?IN

2345 % 2- :

m 4N-x( 4 ! L -2.5

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B #R-& - $ ' $G ( 1

2345 % 2- :

' = 1 + : 4! 6.2

2345 % 2- :

: 1 0 ),t = 0 [$ L'I

!) #i#( H-I #- # () A

-4 *) 2} # D :

1= 35.10-3 s.m.mol-1 } 2 2- H3O+

A C/.%E D 2E5

-4 #N (r 4

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)N #- e-( : RG

) ,l v@H AL v9 ..) ,5 (C6H8O6 :H? /) C

: 9 AH 41 560 -

# Vk! V0=250ml o>J L# IU It

9 " > v = 1,04

( 35) ! }_ S WJ 560 k! 6 -5

-A? I? AJ I>#: RL ViH

-B? I? AJ I>#:RC ViH

-C? IS RLC1:

-1 IUZ Ik U m6

! I6? iU!Z ; L C=3.108m/s 5U!b L . n0=1

e-( : RG#- )N

e-( : RG#- )N

4N : ,-. % * iD(2l

0 +.,1 #-$( 4( v = 100ml B , (Ag+ , NO3- ) .N A) C1 = 10-2mol*l0 ,

45 E?) 2 .(,

e-( : RG#- )N

, H-I A #,#(d NH4NO3 # 8%! 0

J GA% H' R #

4( VA = 20 mL B %1, #-$ SA#! @,#-$( F ( L& SB L#J# )(Na++OH-

AB = 10m g = 10m/s H = 50cm , hm 3'F -2.3

.2H ,? E1 :,- 4N

e-( : RG#- )N

Y-, WX R1=20 0 +r. t = 0 [$-

-2? ,3@ 2: RLC f(E

-2.3 I )(' $- ) x = f(t

e-( : RG#- )N

) (.

IV. % * iD(:2l

Zn WB / Ag / Ag #-$ 0 ,#d? # I <J, #

100ml ) LR ,# Zn 2+ ( Ag + [ Zn ]i = [ Ag ]i = 0,2mol / l : . F = 96500 C/mol

e-( : RG#- )N

* f1/ 4- -1 .@%

4. % * iD(:2l

. t =0 2D .@%2 > ,5 >zE> A- K hH D`- C/ 2E1 2N

e-( : RG#- )N

#-$ Vs = 500ml B .$, A HCOOH e#,8)@ . C = 9,9.10 mol/l #

-I?D* 2 E ,3 :pH

D %9* -II / D > - i:

#-$( 4( Va B %1, e#,8#! @,#-$( F #J ) A (Na ,OH)@ . Cb = 10 mol/l #

e-( : RG#- )N

e-( : RG#- )N

Zn2+/Zn ; O2/H2O : , (Zn)=7,14g/cm3

& B A 4( ? L L#- '[ 0 L LR? -$ I! -3

NA 4I L# G' Ii Xe #')

. a=284Bq '- Iij

)N #- e-( : RG

.fcL1 L?R@ A0ML V B t1/2 =

.L 3'F W X AWBa LBSLBC6 =Bc -5.2

)N #- e-( : RG

(##F L!T 3) ? - 1.2

X 1 X 2 + X 3 : ! ( % ' #'? IN 4

$@ % 0 N$,T 4,# -1.1

z x 4L 4! ? -1.2

4( ?? 8 ( q(t) = (1-e-.t ) : ? 4( Y$A -3

L -3.2 (? &B( @BA

? #, -RY$( /8 .?-I

i G HI '[ .#A#-! <'JA 0

)N #- e-( : RG

:.%} 2#* RC 2N

3 = : /$! (C) <8

NA 4I L# t 1 = 9.2h I <J, G' Ii Xe #')

$@ % 0 &r WX FFd & 0 % #

. 21(@g E 2El. y B 2yN