d{kk

11
d{kk

11
vfuok;Z fganh & f}rh;

dFkk /kkjk
dFkk /kkjk
 dFkk /kkjk
d{kk&11 ¼vfuok;Z fgUnh] f}rh; iqLrd½

ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj

 ikB~; iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr
iqLrd & dFkk /kkjk d{kk&11 ¼vfuok;Z fgUnh] f}rh; iqLrd½

la;kstd %& MkWñ nhfidk fot;oxhZ;] lg vkpk;Z] fgUnh&foHkkx

jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky;] t;iqj

laikndx.k %& 1- MkWñ /keZukjk;.k Hkkj}kt] iz/kkukpk;Z

jk-vk-m-ek- fo|ky;] cM+ksyh ek/kksflag]
fuEckgsM+k ¼fpÙkkSM+x<+½
2- MkWñ cq)efr ;kno] O;k[;krk fgUnh&foHkkx
xkSjh nsoh jktdh; efgyk egkfo|ky;] vyoj

3- v'kksd dqekj 'kekZ] O;k[;krk

jktdh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;] fd'kux<+ ¼vtesj½

4- Hkjr 'kekZ] O;k[;krk

jktdh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;] ek.kd pkSd] t;iqj

vkHkkj

lEiknd eaMy ,oa ek/;fed f’k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj mu lHkh ys[kdksa dk
vkHkkj ,oa d`rKrk O;Dr djrk gS ftuds vewY; l`tu ,oa fopkj bl iqLrd esa
lfEefyr fd;s x;s gSaA
;|fi bl iqLrd esa eqfnzr leLr lkexzh dk LoRokf/kdkj dk /;ku j[kk x;k
gS fQj Hkh ;fn dqN va’k jg x;s gksa rks ;g lEiknd eaMy blds fy, [ksn O;Dr djrk
gSA ,sls LoRokf/kdkjh ls lwfpr gksus ij gesa izlUurk gksxhA
dFkk /kkjk
 vkeq [ k
ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj dh X;kjgoha d{kk dh fgUnh ¼vfuok;Z½ fo"k; dh
iwjd iqLrd ¼nzqr&ikB½ ds :i esa dFkk&/kkjk rS;kj dh xbZ gSA izLrqr dgkuh laxzg esa dgkfu;ksa dk
p;u djrs le; ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ ds funsZ'kksa dk lE;d~ :i ls ikyu fd;k x;k gSA
ladfyr dgkfu;k¡ ekuoh; laosnukvksa dks lkdkj :i nsus okyh gSaA orZeku ifjizs{; esa tgk¡
laosnukvksa dk LFkku ckSf)drk us ys fy;k gS ogk¡ dgkfu;ksa ds mnkÙk pfj= o dFkkud ds ek/;e ls
euq"; ds vUr%dj.k esa Hkkouk,¡ iqu% LFkku izkIr dj ldsaxhA
izLrqr iqLrd dFkk&/kkjk esa lax`ghr dgkfu;k¡ fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds pfj= o O;fDrRo fuekZ.k esa
lgk;d gksaxh] fujk'kk ls ijs vk'kkokfnrk vkSj iw.kZ fo'okl dk Hkko tkxzr djus] ifjokj dks tksM+us
o izse&izhfr dk lans'k nsus ds lkFk gh Hkkjrh; laLd`fr vkSj ijEijkvksa ds fuoZgu esa lgk;d gksaxh]
jktLFkku ds xkSjoiw.kZ bfrgkl dh >yd nsus rFkk mlls vkReh; lac/a k cukus esa lgk;d gksx a h] thou
dh lkFkZd lPpkb;ksa dks le>us dh lksp rFkk uohu thoukuqHkoksa dk ifjp; nsaxh] ekr`Hkwfe ds izfr
R;kx vkSj cfynku dh Hkkouk rFkk ekr`Hkwfe ds eku&lEeku vkSj izfr"Bk dh j{kk vkfn Hkkoksa dk
fuf'pr gh fodkl djsaxh vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds thou&iFk dks lqxe cukus esa mi;ksxh fl) gksaxh ,slk
gekjk fo'okl gSA
izR;sd dgkuh dh ewy laons uk rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Lrjkuqlkj iz'uksa dh jpuk dh xbZ gS ftlls
fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa fgUnh ds izfr #fp vkSj ftKklk tkxzr gksxh rFkk lkfgfR;d yxko dk l`tu gksxkA
dFkk&/kkjk esa dgkfu;ksa ds ladyu esa iw.kZ lrdZrk cjrh xbZ gS fQj Hkh iqLrd dh dfe;ksa
rFkk ifj"dkj gsrq vkids ldkjkRed lq>koksa dk Lokxr gSA
var esa iqLrd esa izdkf'kr lHkh dgkuhdkjksa ds izfr vkHkkj ,oa lk/kqoknA

&lEikndx.k
 vfuok;Z fganh ikB~;Øe
fo"k; dksM % 01
le; 3-15 ?kaVs iw.kkZad %100

vf/kxe {ks = va d
vifBr cks/k 10
O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k ,oa jpuk 20
izKk izokg&vk/kkj iqLrd 40
dFkk /kkjk&iwjd iqLrd 15
laoknlsrq 15

[k.M&1
vifBr cks/k 10
¼d½ vifBr x|ka'k 05
¼[k½ vifBr i|ka'k 05
[k.M&2
O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k ,oa jpuk 20
vfodkjh 'kCn 02
'kCn fopkj ¼d½ 02
okD;ka'k ds fy, ,d 'kCn] lekukFkhZ 'kCn 02
okD; fopkj 02
fojke fpg~u 02
laf{kIrhdj.k ,oa iYyou 03
fucU/k ys[ku ¼fodYi lfgr½ 07
[k.M&3
izKk izokg& ¼vk/kkj iqLrd½ 40
¼d½ 1 O;k[;k x| Hkkx ls ¼fodYi lfgr½ 1 x 5 =5
¼[k½ 1 O;k[;k i| Hkkx ls ¼fodYi lfgr½ 1 x 5 =5
 ¼x½ 2 fucU/kkRed iz'u 2 x 5 = 10
¼1 iz'u x| ls ,oa 1 iz'u i| Hkkx ls fodYi lfgr½
¼?k½ 4 y?kwŸkjkRed iz'u ¼2 x| ,oa 2 i| Hkkx ls½ 4 x 3 = 12
¼M½ fdlh ,d dfo ;k ys[kd dk ifjp; 1 x 4 =4
¼dfo ,oa ys[kd fodYi lfgr½
¼p½ 2 vfr y?kwŸkjkRed iz'u ¼1 x| ,oa 1 i| Hkkx ls½ 2 x 2 =4

[k.M&4
dFkk /kkjk &¼iwjd iqLrd½ 15
¼d½ 1 fucU/kkRed iz'u ¼fodYi lfgr½ 1 x 6 =6
¼[k½ 4 y?kwŸkjkRed iz'uksa esa ls 3 iz'u½ 3 x 3 =9

[k.M&5
laokn lsrq 15
¼d½ i=dkfjrk dk bfrgkl ¼1 iz'u½ 1 x 3 =3
¼[k½ tu lapkj ds ijaijkxr ek/;e ¼1 iz'u½ 1 x 3 =3
¼x½ tu lapkj ds vk/kqfud ek/;e ¼1 iz'u½ 1 x 3 =3
¼?k½ iz;kstuewyd ys[ku 1 x 3 =3
¼O;kogkfjd ys[ku ij vk/kkfjr 1 iz'u½
¼M½ O;kolkf;d ,oa dk;kZy;h ys[ku vkSj izfØ;k 1 x 3 =3
¼O;kogkfjd ys[ku ij vk/kkfjr 1 iz'u½

fu/kkZfjr iqLrdssa &

1- izKk izokg & ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjA
2- dFkk /kkjk & ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjA
3- laoknlsrq & ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjA
 vuq Ø e

dgkuhdkj i`"B la[;k

1- fgUnh dgkuh dh fodkl ;k=k 1&4

2- cM+s ?kj dh csVh & izes pUn 5&12

3- [ksy & tSuUs nz dqekj 13&18

4- 'kj.knkrk & vKs; 19&28

5- ns'kHkDr &ik.Ms; cspu 'kekZ *mxz* 29&34

6- rkbZ &fo'oEHkjukFk 'kekZ *dkSf'kd* 35&43

7- ,Ve ce &ve`ryky ukxj 44&50

8- tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh &vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h 51&55

 fgUnh dgkuh dh fodkl ;k=k

Lo:i vkS j ifjHkk"kk&

dgkuh dguk&lquuk euq"; dh uSlfxZd vko';drk jgh gS rFkk blds ek/;e ls mlus viuh
lkekftdrk dk fodkl Hkh fd;k gS D;ksafd dgkuh us ;fn mldk euksjatu fd;k gS rks mls
thouksi;ksxh mins'k Hkh fn;k gSA dgkuh okfpd ijEijk dh nsu gS fdUrq tc ge dgkuh ds vk/kqfud
Lo:i dks ns[krs gSa rks ikrs gSa fd dgkuh ?kVukvksa dk la;kstu ek= gh ugha gS cfYd ekuo thou
dh tfVyrkvksa] fonwzirkvksa rFkk mlds vUrfoZjks/kksa dks O;Dr djus dk l'kDr lkfgfR;d :i gSA
blfy, vkt Hkh ;g ,d yksdfiz; fo/kk gSA
Hkkjro"kZ esa dgkuh oSfnd dky ls pyh vk jgh gSA izkphu dky esa dgkuh x| ,oa i| nksuksa
:iksa esa feyrh gSaA egkHkkjr NksVh&NksVh dgkfu;ksa dk Hk.Mkj gSaA blh izdkj tSu /keZ ds *uUnh lw=*
Hkh dgkfu;ksa ds Hk.Mkj gaSA dgkuh ds izkjfEHkd ;qx esa vkpk;Z xq.kk<~; dh *c`gRdFkk* dk egRoiw.kZ
;ksxnku jgk gSA bl xzUFk esa ljl jkspd dgkfu;k¡ lax`ghr gSaA laLd`r lkfgR; dh dgkuh ijEijk
esa *dFkklfjRlkxj*] *iapra=* vkSj *fgrksins'k* dgkuh dyk ds mRd`"V mnkgj.k gSAa fo'o Hkj ds fo}kuksa
us bUgsa loZJs"B dFkk'kSyh ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k gSA blh dkj.k fo'oHkj dh yxHkx lHkh Hkk"kkvksa
esa budk vuqokn gks pqdk gSA
Hkkjr esa vjcksa ds izos'k ds lkFk gh vjc dh *vjsfc;u ukbV~l* ds }kjk dgkfu;ksa dk nwljk
;qx izkjEHk gqvkA bl ;qx esa vk/;kfRed izse dh dFkk,¡ fy[kh xbZa] buds vfrfjDr gkL;&fouksn dh
dgkfu;k¡ ¼chjcy fouksn½ vkfn fy[kh xbZaA
lu~ 1803 esa eqa'kh ba'kk vYykg [kk¡ }kjk *jkuh dsrdh dh dgkuh* fy[kh xbZA lu~ 1900 esa
vk/kqfud fgUnh dgkuh ds ekSfyd ys[ku dk Jhx.ks'k iz;kx ls izdkf'kr *ljLorh if=dk* ls gqvkA
bl if=dk esa fd'kksjhyky xksLokeh dh dgkuh *bUnqerh* izdkf'kr gqbZ ftls fgUnh dh izFke ekSfyd
dgkuh dk Js; fn;k tkrk gSA dfri; fo}ku cax efgyk dh dgkuh *nqykbZ okyh* ¼1907½ dks Hkh
fgUnh dh izFke ekSfyd dgkuh Lohdkjrs gSaA
lu~ 1909 esa dk'kh ls *bUnq* ekfld if=dk dk izdk'ku gqvk ftlesa 1911 esa t;'kadj izlkn
dh dgkuh *xzke* izdkf'kr gqbZA lu~ 1911 ls 1927 rd dgkuh dk fodkl dky jgk] blesa pUnz/kj
'kekZ xqysjh dh dgkuh *lq[ke; thou* fo'oEHkj ukFk dh *ijns'k* ¼1912½] jktk jkf/kdkje.k flag dh
*dkuksa esa daxuk* ¼1913½ ekfld if=dk ^bUnq* esa izdkf'kr gqbZA lu~ 1914 esa vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h
dh *x`gy{eh* o 1915 esa pUnz/kj 'kekZ xqysjh dh vej dgkuh *mlus dgk Fkk* izdkf'kr gqbZA blh o"kZ
dFkk lkfgR; ds vej dFkkdkj eqa'kh izsepUn dh *iap ijes'oj* dgkuh izdkf'kr gqbZA fgUnh dgkuh
dks tuthou ls tksMu+ s vkSj mlds {ks= dks O;kidrk iznku djus dk Js; izes pUn dks gSA ;FkkFkZ thou
dks vfHkO;fDr dk ek/;e cukdj mUgksaus lekt dh :f<+;ksa] /keZ ds ckákMEcjksa] jktuhfr ds
[kks[kysiu] mRdV ns'k&izes ] vkfFkZd oS"kE;] d`"kd oxZ ,oa Jfed oxZ ds 'kks"k.k ds thoUr l'kDr fp=
[khapsA mUgksaus fgUnh esa ;FkkFkZoknh vkn'kksZUeq[k dgkuh ys[ku dk lw=ikr fd;kA os viuh vkjfEHkd
dgkfu;ksa esa ?kVukvksa dks egŸo nsrs jgs ij /khjs&/khjs mudh n`f"V pfj= dh vksj xbZA vUrr%
euksoSKkfud vuqHkwfr dks gh mUgksaus viuh dgkuh dk vk/kkj Lohdkj fd;kA xzkE; thou dks dsUnz
esa j[kdj fy[kh xbZ dgkfu;k¡ *iap ijes'oj*] *cw<+h dkdh*] *bZnxkg*] *lqtku Hkxr*] *iwl dh jkr*]
*dQu* vkfn loZJs"B dgkfu;k¡ gSaA
dgkuh fodkl ;qx esa vf/kdka'k dgkuhdkj izsepUn dh f'kYidyk ds vuqxkeh jgsA
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dh dgkfu;k¡ ;FkkFkZ i`"BHkwfe ij fufeZr gksdj Hkh vkn'kZoknh thou&n`f"V ij
vf/kd cy nsrh gSaA o`Unkouyky oekZ us ,sfrgkfld] lkekftd vkSj f'kdkj lEcU/kh dgkfu;ksa dk
ys[ku fd;k ftuesa vkn'kksZaUeq[k ;FkkFkZ dh izo`fÙk vf/kd jgh gSA
izes pUn ds ledkyhu dgkuhdkjksa esa t;'kadj izlkn dk ;ksxnku Hkh lokZf/kd egŸoiw.kZ jgk
gSA mUgksaus dgkuh esa Hkkoewyd vkn'kZoknh ijEijk dh uhao MkyhA mudh dgkfu;k¡ dHkh xhfrdkO;
dh laosnuk ls izsfjr rks dgha egkdkO; dh laosnuk ls izsfjr gksdj fy[kh xbZaA *vkdk'knhi* vkSj
*iqjLdkj* mudh mYys[kuh; dgkfu;k¡ gSaA izkphu Hkkjr dh oSHkoiw.kZ] lkaLd`frd >k¡dh dk fp=.k
budh dgkfu;ksa esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA
fgUnh dgkuh ds laØkfUr ;qx esa dgkuh O;fDrijd ,oa Hkkoijd gks xbZA tSusUnz us uSfrd
ekU;rkvksa ds vk/kkj ij vius pfj= [kM+s fd,A vKs; vkSj bykpUnz tks'kh ds ik= vga vkSj fonzksg
dh fHkfÙk ij [kM+s gq,A vKs; dh *'k=q* dgkuh bldk mnkgj.k gSA bl ;qx esa vkdj ik=ksa ds eu
esa mBus okyk vUr}ZU} ckgjh ?kVukvksa ls lEcfU/kr ugha jgkA vc vopsru eu dh vkUrfjd izof` Ùk;k¡
gh muds cká&O;kikjksa dk lapkyu djus yxhaA tSusUnz us viuh dgkfu;ksa esa ?kVukvksa vkSj dk;ksZa dh
vis{kk ekufld Ågkiksg fo'ys"k.k dks iz/kkurk nhA vKs; us vius pfj=ksa esa oS;fDrdrk dks vf/kd
izJ; fn;kA
ekDlZoknh fopkj/kkjk dh iks"kd dgkfu;ksa esa oxZ la?k"kZ dk fp=.k feyrk gSA bu izxfroknh
dgkuhdkjksa us /kkfeZd vU/kfo'oklks]a ijEijkxr :f<+;ks]a lekt esa pyrs vk jgs 'kks"k.k pØ dk rhozrk
ds lkFk fojks / k vkS j [k.Mu fd;kA mUgks a u s O;fDr ds :i es a u ns [ kdj lekt ds
ek/;e ls ns[kk vkSj iwjs bfrgkl dk vkfFkZd n`f"V ls ewY;kadu dj izfrikfnr fd;k fd mRiknu ds
lk/ku tc rd mRiknudrkZ ds gkFkksa esa u vk;saxs rc rd ;s la?k"kZ tkjh jgsxkA
bl la?k"kZ dh l'kDr vfHkO;fDr ;'kiky dh dgkfu;ksa esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSaA vU;
dgkuhdkjksa esa jkaxs; jk?ko] jkgqy lkad`R;k;u vkfn mYys[kuh; gSaA
Lora=rk izkfIr ds ckn dgkuh us ubZ fn'kk dh vksj dne c<+k;sA ns'k ds lkeus u, n`f"Vdks.k
mHkjsA thou ewY;ksa esa ifjorZu vkus yxkA dgkuh ds f'kYi esa u, iz;ksx gksus yxsA lksp vkSj fpUru
esa ifjorZu vk;kA bl dky esa fueZy oekZ] Hkh"e lkguh] fo".kq izHkkdj] jktsUnz ;kno] deys'oj] eksgu
jkds'k] eUuw Hk.Mkjh] Kku jatu vkfn dgkuhdkj izeq[k :i ls mHkjsA ledkyhu dgkuh dk jpuk
lalkj vius vkl&ikl ds ifjos'k ls fufeZr gSA thou dh vusd leL;kvksa dks fofHkUu :iksa esa
vfHkO;Dr fd;k gSA blh dky esa eksgu jkds'k] jktsUnz ;kno o deys'oj us *ubZ dgkuh* ds vkUnksyu
dk lw=ikr fd;kA rRi'pkr~ lpsru dgkuh vkSj vdgkuh tSls vU; vkUnksyu 'kq: gq,A
2
 jktLFkku ds dgkuhdkjksa esa ;knosUnz 'kekZ ^pUnz*] ef.k e/kqdj] ikuw [kksfy;k] gsrq Hkkj}kt]
bZ'oj pUnj] jes'k mik/;k;] vkye 'kkg [kku o Lo;a izdk'k vkfn us fgUnh dgkuh esa viuk ;ksxnku
fn;kA
dgkuh ds rÙo&
dgkuh ds ewyr% N% rRo gSaA ;s gSa& fo"k;oLrq vFkok dFkkud] pfj=] laokn] Hkk"kk 'kSyh]
okrkoj.k vkSj mís';A
dFkkud ¼fo"k;oLrq ½ &
izR;sd dgkuh esa dksbZ u dksbZ ?kVukØe vo'; gksrk gSA dgkuh esa of.kZr ?kVukvksa ds lewg
dks dFkkud dgrs gSAa dFkkud fdlh Hkh dgkuh dh vkRek gSA blfy, dFkkud dh ;kstuk bl izdkj
gksuh pkfg, fd lHkh ?kVuk,a vkSj izlax ijLij lEc) gkasA muesa fc[kjko ;k ijLij fojks/k ugha gksA
ekSfydrk] jkspdrk] lqlaxBu] ftKklk] dqrwgy dh l`f"V vPNs dFkkud ds xq.k gSaA lk/kkj.k ls
lk/kkj.k dFkkud dks Hkh dgkuhdkj dYiuk ,oa eeZLi'khZ vuqHkwfr;ksa ls ltkdj ,d oSfp«; vkSj
vkd"kZ.k iznku dj ldrk gSA
pfj= ¼ik=½&
izR;sd dgkuh esa dqN ik= gksrs gSa tks dFkkud ds ltho lapkyd gksrs gSaA buesa ,d vksj
dFkkud dk vkjEHk] fodkl vkSj vUr gksrk gS rks nwljh vksj ge dgkuh esa buls vkReh;rk izkIr djrs
gSAa dgkuh esa eq[; :i ls nks izdkj ds ik= gksrs gS]a igyk oxZxr vFkkZr~ tks vius oxZ dh fo'ks"krkvksa
dk izfrfuf/kRo djrs gSa] nwljs O;fDrxr os ik= ftudh futh fo'ks"krk,¡ gksrh gSaA
dgkuh esa ik=ksa dh la[;k lhfer gksuh pkfg,A dgkuh esa ys[kd dh n`f"V ize[q k ik= ds pfj=
ij vf/kd jgrh gSA blfy, vU; ik=ksa ds pfj= dk fodkl eq[; ik= ds lgkjs gh gksuk pkfg,A
dgkuh esa ik=ksa dh la[;k vf/kd u gksA izeq[k ik= dk pfj= gh {k.k Hkj ds fy, vfeV izHkko NksMd + j
pyk tk;A tks Hkh ik= dgkuh esa vkrs gSa muds O;fDrRo dks iwjh xfjek ds lkFk izLrqr fd;k tkuk
pkfg, rFkk mudh Hkkoukvksa dks iwjh rjg vfHkO;fDr feyuh pkfg,A
la o kn&
laokn dgkuh dk vko';d vax gSA dgkuh esa ik=ksa ds okrkZyki laokn dgykrs gSAa ;s laokn
dgkuh dks ltho vkSj izHkko'kkyh cukrs gSaA dgkuh esa laokn dFkkud dks xfr iznku djrs gSa] ik=ksa
dk pfj=&fp=.k djrs gS]a dgkuh dks LokHkkfodrk iznku djrs gS]a mldk mís'; Li"V djrs gSAa laokn
dk lcls cM+k xq.k gS&ftKklk vkSj dqrgw y mRiUu djukA bu lc dk;ksZa dk laiknu rHkh gks ldrk
gS tc dgkuh ds laokn ik=] ifjfLFkfr ,oa ?kVuk ds vuqdwy gksa] laf{kIr ,oa vFkZiw.kZ gksa] pfj=ksa dks
mHkkjus okys] ljy ,oa Li"V gksaA
Hkk"kk 'kS y h&
dgkuh dh Hkk"kk ,slh gksuh pkfg, fd mlesa ewy laosnuk dks O;Dr djus dh iwjh {kerk gksA
3
dgkuhdkj dk nkf;Ro vkSj mldh jpuk 'kfDr dk lPpk ifjp; mldh Hkk"kk ls gh feyrk gSA Hkk"kk
dh n`f"V ls lQy dgkuh ogh ekuh tkrh gS ftldh Hkk"kk ljy] Li"V izHkkoe;h vkSj fo"k; ,oa
ik=kuqdwy gksA og vkst] ek/kq;Z xq.kksa ls ;qDr gksA
tgk¡ rd 'kSyh dk lEcU/k gS mlesa lthork] jkspdrk] ladrs kRedrk rFkk izHkkokRedrk vkfn
dk gksuk vko';d gSA 'kSyh dk laca/k dgkuh ds lEiw.kZ rŸoksa ls jgrk gSA dgkuhdkj bu 'kSfy;ksa esa
dgkuh fy[k ldrk gS& o.kZu&iz/kku&'kSyh] vkRedFkkRed&'kSyh] ik=kRed 'kSyh] Mk;jh 'kSyh]
ukVdh; 'kSyh] HkkoukRed 'kSyh vkfnA dgkuh ds fy, ljl] laoknkRed 'kSyh vf/kd mi;qDr gksrh
gSA
okrkoj.k&
okrkoj.k dk vFkZ gS] mu lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk fp=.k djuk ftuesa dgkuh dh ?kVuk,¡ ?kfVr
gks jgh gSa rFkk ftuesa dgkuh ds ik= lk¡l ys jgs gSAa lQy dgkuh esa ns'k] dky] izd`fr] ifjos'k vkfn
dk izHkko l`f"V ds fy, vfuok;Z rŸo ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA okrkoj.k dh l`f"V ls dgkuh
ân; ij ekfeZd izHkko dh vfHkO;atuk djrh gSA dgkuhdkj iwjs lanHkZ esa lkekftd ifjos'k dks ns[krk
gS] mldk ;FkkFkZ o.kZu djrk gSA okrkoj.k ds ek/;e ls og dgkuh esa ,dkafrd izHkko ykus dh fLFkfr
mRiUu djrk gSA lgh okrkoj.k fdlh Hkh dgkuh dks fo'oluh; cukrk gSA *mlus dgk Fkk*] *iqjLdkj*
tSlh dgkfu;ksa dh izHkkokfUofr esa okrkoj.k dk lg;ksx ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
mís ' ;&
dgkuh dh jpuk dk mís'; ;wa rks euksjt
a u ekuk tkrk gS fdUrq euksjta u gh dgkuh dk ,d
ek= mís'; ugha gksrkA dgkuh esa thou ds fdlh ,d i{k ds izfr n`f"Vdks.k izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
vkt dh dgkuh ekuo&thou ds fdlh euksoK S kfud lR; dks mtkxj djrh gSA dgkuh }kjk thou&
lR; dh O;k[;k ,oa ekuoh; vkn'kksZa dh LFkkiuk Hkh dh tkrh gSA vkdkj esa y?kq gksus ds mijkUr
Hkh dgkuh egku fopkjksa dk ogu djrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,& HkkjrsUnq ;qx dh dgkfu;ksa dk eq[;
Loj lkekftd lq/kkjoknh ,oa /kkfeZd n`f"Vdks.k ls izsfjr FkkA izsepUn dh dgkfu;k¡ e/;e oxZ ds
lkekftd thou dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k gSA tSusUnz dh dgkfu;ksa esa euksoSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k izeq[k gS rks ubZ
dgkfu;ksa esa lkekftd thou dh folaxfr;ksa ,oa thou ds vHkkoksa] fujk'kkvksa] dqaBkvksa dk lVhd
fp=.k gqvk gSA
vr% Li"V gS dgkuh dk mís'; dgkuhdkj ds n`f"Vdks.k ,oa fo"k;oLrq ds vuqdwy gh gksrk
gSA

*****

4
 cM+s ?kj dh csVh
&iz s e pUn

ys [ kd&ifjp;
izsepUn dk jpukdky 1901 ls vkjEHk gksrk gSA tc vlg;ksx vkUnksyu py jgk Fkk rc
vki lc&fMIVh baLisDVj FksA ukSdjh NksM+dj lkfgR; {ks= esa vk,A izsepUn igys mnwZ esa *uokcjk;*
ds uke ls fy[krs FksA lu~ 1907 esa budh igyh dgkuh *nqfu;k dk lcls vueksy jru* mnwZ esa izdkf'kr
gqbZA fQj fgUnh ls izHkkfor gksdj fgUnh esa fy[kus yxsA fgUnh esa budh igyh dgkuh *iap ijes'oj*
Fkh tks lu~ 1916 esa izdkf'kr gqbZA vkidk igyk mnwZ dgkuh laxzg *lksts oru* o *lej ;k=k* dgkuh
laxzg dks vaxzst ljdkj us tCr fd;k o *gal* if=dk dks can djus ij ck/; dj fn;k FkkA
viuh jpukvksa esa mUgksaus vius ;qx ds la?k"kZ dks mHkkjk gSA mudh jpukvksa esa xzkeh.k o
fdlkuksa ds izHkko'kkyh fp= feyrs gSaA os lq/kkjd vkSj ekuork ds mikld FksA mudh lHkh dgkfu;k¡
okrkoj.k iz/kku o pfj= iz/kku gSAa izes pUn dh jpukvksa dk fo'o dh vusd Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn Hkh gqvk
gSA
izes pUn izFke dFkkdkj Fks ftUgksua s fgUnh esa tkxj.k vkSj fuekZ.k dh dgkfu;k¡ fy[khaA vkidh
jpukvksa ij fgUnh esa fQYesa Hkh cuhaA *'krjat ds f[kykM+h* dkQh izfl) gqbZA vkius e;kZnk] ek/kqjh]
gal rFkk tkxj.k dk lEiknu Hkh fd;k FkkA
lsoklnu] fueZyk] jaxHkwfe] xcu] dk;kdYi] izes kJe] xksnku vkfn izes pUn ds izfl) miU;kl
gSaA yxHkx 300 dgkfu;k¡ *ekuljksoj* ds vkB [k.Mksa esa ladfyr gSaA iap ijes'oj] lIrljkst] izse
}kn'kh] izse prqFkhZ] izse iphlh] lIr lqeu vkfn dbZ dgkuh laxzg izfl) gq,A fuca/k] ukVd o
vkykspuk,¡ Hkh fy[khaA
ikB&ifjp;
izLrqr dgkuh esa izsepUn us cgw ds dÙkZO; o mldh ftEesnkfj;ksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ dh gSA csVh
cM+s ?kj dh gks ;k NksVs ?kj dhA cgw cu dj ftl ?kj esa tkrh gS ml ?kj dks VwVus ls cpk;s j[kus
dh ftEesnkjh gksrh gS mldhA nks Hkkb;ksa esa tjk lh ckr ij >xM+k gks x;kA cM+h HkkHkh dk vieku
djus okys NksVs HkkbZ dks cM+s HkkbZ us ?kj ls fudy tkus dks dg fn;kA NksVs HkkbZ us Hkwy Lohdkj djrs
gq, {kek ek¡x yhA ?kj ds fc[kjus dh fLFkfr esa HkkHkh ds foosdiw.kZ dne ls gh ?kj&ifjokj fc[kjus
ls cpkA yksxksa dks rkyh ctkus dk volj gh ugha feykA
 csuhek/ko flag xkSjhiqj xk¡o ds tehankj vkSj uacjnkj FksA muds firkeg fdlh le; cM+s
/ku&/kkU; laiUu FksA xk¡o dk iDdk rkykc vkSj eafnj ftudh vc ejEer Hkh eqf'dy Fkh] mUgha ds
dhfrZ&LraHk FksA dgrs gSa] bl njokts ij gkFkh >werk Fkk] vc mldh txg ,d cw<+h HkSal Fkh] ftlds
'kjhj esa vfLFk&iatj ds flok vkSj dqN 'ks"k u jgk Fkk( ij nw/k 'kk;n cgqr nsrh Fkh( D;ksafd
,d&u&,d vkneh gk¡M+h fy, mlds flj ij lokj gh jgrk FkkA csuhek/ko flag viuh vk/kh ls
vf/kd&lEifRr odhyksa dks HksaV dj pqds Fks mudh orZeku vk; ,d gtkj #i;s okf"kZd ls vf/kd
u FkhA
Bkdqj lkgc ds nks csVs FksA cM+s dk uke JhdaB flag FkkA mlus cgqr fnuksa ds ifjJe vkSj
m|ksx ds ckn ch-,- dh fMxzh izkIr dh FkhA vc ,d n¶rj esa ukSdj FkkA NksVk yM+dk ykyfcgkjh
flag nksgjs cnu dk] lthyk toku FkkA Hkjk gqvk eq[kM+k] pkSM+h NkrhA HkSal dk nks lsj rktk nw/k og
mBdj lcsjs ih tkrk FkkA JhdaB flag dh n'kk fcYdqy foijhr FkhA bu us=fiz; xq.kksa dks mUgksaus
ch-,-& bUgha nks v{kjksa ij U;ksNkoj dj fn;k FkkA bu nks v{kjksa us muds 'kjhj dks fucZy vkSj psgjs
dks dkafrghu cuk fn;k FkkA blh ls oS|d xazFkksa ij mudk fo'ks"k izse FkkA vk;qosZfnd vkS"kf/k;ksa ij
mudk vf/kd fo'okl FkkA 'kke&lcsjs ls muds dejs ls izk;% [kjy dh lqjhyh d.kZe/kqj /ofu lqukbZ
fn;k djrh Fkh] ykgkSj vkSj dydÙks ds oS|ksa ls cM+h fy[kk&i<+h jgrh FkhA
JhdaB bl vaxzsth fMxzh ds vf/kifr gksus ij Hkh vaxzsth lkekftd izFkkvksa ds fo'ks"k izseh u
Fks( cfYd og cgq/kk cM+s tksj ls mldh fuank vkSj frjLdkj fd;k djrs FksA blh ls xk¡o esa mudk
cM+k lEeku FkkA n'kgjs ds fnuksa esa og cM+s mRlkg ls jkeyhyk esa lfEefyr gksrs vkSj Lo;a
fdlh&u&fdlh ik= dk ikVZ ysrs FksA xkSjhiqj esa jkeyhyk ds ogh tUenkrk FksA izkphu fgUnw lH;rk
dk xq.kxku mudh /kkfeZdrk dk iz/kku vax FkkA lfEefyr dqVqac ds rks og ,d&ek= mikld FksA
vktdy fL=;ksa dks dqVqac esa fey&tqydj jgus dh tks v#fp gksrh gS] mls og tkfr vkSj ns'k nksuksa
ds fy, gkfudkjd le>rs FksA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd xk¡o dh yyuk,¡ mudh fuand FkhaA dksbZ&dksbZ rks
mUgsa viuk 'k=q le>us esa Hkh ladksp u djrh FkhaA Lo;a mudh iRuh dks gh bl fo"k; esa muls
fojks/k FkkA ;g blfy, ugha fd mls vius lkl&llqj] nsoj ;k tsB vkfn ls ?k`.kk Fkh( cfYd mldk
fopkj Fkk fd ;fn cgqr lgus vkSj rjg nsus ij Hkh ifjokj ds lkFk fuokZg u gks lds] rks vk,&fnu
dh dyg ls thou dks u"V djus dh vis{kk ;gh mÙke gS fd viuh f[kpM+h vyx idkbZ tk,A
vkuanh ,d cM+s mPp dqy dh yM+dh FkhA mlds cki ,d NksVh&lh fj;klr ds rkYyqdsnkj
FksA fo'kky Hkou] ,d gkFkh] rhu dqÙks] ckt] cgjh f'kdjs] >kM+&Qkuwl] vkWujsjh eftLVªsVh vkSj _.k]
tks ,d izfrf"Br rkYyqdsnkj ds HkksX; inkFkZ gSa] lHkh ;gk¡ fo|eku FksA uke Fkk HkwiflagA cM+s
mnkj&fpÙk vkSj izfrHkk'kkyh iq#"k Fks( nqHkkZX; ls yM+dk ,d Hkh u FkkA lkr yM+fd;k¡ gqbaZ vkSj nso;ksx
ls lc&dh&lc thfor jghaA igyh meax esa rks mUgksua s rhu C;kg fny [kksydj fd,( ij iUnzg&chl
gtkj #i;ksa dk dtZ flj ij gks x;k] rks vk¡[k [kqyh] gkFk lesV fy;kA vkuanh pkSFkh yM+dh FkhA
og viuh lc cguksa ls vf/kd :iorh vkSj xq.korh FkhA blls Bkdqj Hkwiflag mls cgqr I;kj djrs
FksA lqanj larku dks dnkfpr mlds ekrk&firk Hkh vf/kd pkgrs gSaA Bkdqj lkgc cM+s /keZ&ladV esa
Fks fd bldk fookg dgk¡ djsa\ u rks ;gh pkgrs Fks fd _.k dk cks> c<+s vkSj u ;gh Lohdkj Fkk

6
fd mls vius dks HkkX;ghu le>uk iM+As ,d fnu JhdaB muds ikl fdlh pans dk #i;k ek¡xus vk,A
'kk;n ukxjh&izpkj dk pank FkkA Hkwi flag muds LoHkko ij jh> x, vkSj /kwe/kke ls JhdaB flag dk
vkuanh ds lkFk C;kg gks x;kA
vkuanh vius u, ?kj esa vkbZ] rks ;gk¡ dk jax&<ax dqN vkSj gh ns[kkA ftl Vhe&Vke dh
mls cpiu ls gh vknr iM+h gqbZ Fkh] og ;gk¡ uke&ek= dks Hkh u FkhA gkFkh&?kksM+ksa dk rks dguk
gh D;k] dksbZ lth gqbZ lqna j cgyh rd u FkhA js'keh Lyhij lkFk ykbZ Fkh( ij ;gk¡ ckx dgk¡Aa edku
esa f[kM+fd;k¡ rd u Fkh] u tehu ij Q'kZ] u nhokj ij rLohjsaA ;g ,d lkh/kk&lknk nsgkrh x`gLFk
edku Fkk] fdUrq vkuanh us FkksM+h gh fnuksa esas vius dks bl ubZ voLFkk ds ,slk vuqdwy cuk fy;k]
ekuks mlus foykl ds lkeku dHkh ns[ks gh u FksA
¼2½
,d fnu nksigj ds le; ykyfcgkjh flag nks fpfM+;k fy, gq, vk;k vkSj Hkkot ls cksyk&
tYnh ls idk nks] eq>s Hkw[k yxh gSA vkuanh Hkkstu cukdj mldh jkg ns[k jgh FkhA vc og u;k
O;atu cukus cSBhA gk¡M+h esa ns[kk] rks ?kh iko&Hkj ls vf/kd u FkkA cM+s ?kj dh csVh] fdQk;r D;k
tkusA mlus lc ?kh ekal esa Mky fn;kA ykyfcgkjh [kkus cSBk] rks nky esa ?kh u Fkk] cksyk&nky esa
?kh D;ksa ugha NksM+k\
vkuanh us dgk& ?kh lc ek¡l esa iM+ x;kA ykyfcgkjh tksj ls cksyk& vHkh ijlksa ?kh vk;k
gSA bruh tYnh mB x;k \
vkuanh us mÙkj fn;k& vkt rks dqy iko&Hkj jgk gksxkA og lc eSaus ek¡l esa Mky fn;kA
ftl rjg lw[kh ydM+h tYnh ty mBrh gS] mlh rjg ls {kq/kk ckoyk euq"; tjk&tjk&lh
ckr ij frud tkrk gSA ykyfcgkjh dks Hkkot dh ;g f<BkbZ cgqr cqjh ekywe gqbZ] fruddj cksyk&
eSds esa rks pkgs ?kh dh unh cgrh gks!
L=h xkfy;k¡ lg ysrh gS]a ekj Hkh lg ysrh gS(a ij eSds dh fuank muls ugha lgh tkrhA vkuanh
eq¡g Qsjdj cksyh& gkFkh ejk Hkh] rks ukS yk[k dkA ogk¡ bruk ?kh fuR; yksx [kk tkrs gSaA
ykyfcgkjh dks Øks/k vk x;k] Fkkyh mBkdj iyV nh] vkSj cksyk& th pkgrk gS] thHk
idM+dj [khap yw¡A
vkuanh dks Øks/k vk x;kA eq¡g yky gks x;k] cksyh& og gksrs rks vkt bldk etk p[kkrsA
vc vi<+] mtÏ Bkdqj ls u jgk x;kA mldh L=h ,d lk/kkj.k tehankj dh csVh FkhA tc
th pkgrk] ml ij gkFk lkQ dj fy;k djrk FkkA [kM+kÅ mBkdj vkuanh dh vksj tksj ls Qsadh]
vkSj cksyk& ftlds xqeku ij Hkwyh gqbZ gks] mls Hkh ns[kwaxk vkSj rqEgsa HkhA
vkuanh us gkFk ls [kM+kÅ jksdh] flj cp x;k( ij vaxqyh esa cM+h pksV vkbZA Øks/k ds ekjs gok
ls fgyrs iÙks dh Hkk¡fr dk¡irh gqbZ vius dejs esa vkdj [kM+h gks xbZA L=h dk cy vkSj lkgl] eku
vkSj e;kZnk ifr rd gSA mls vius ifr ds gh cy vkSj iq#"kRo dk ?keaM gksrk gSA vkuanh [kwu dk
?k¡wV ihdj jg xbZA
¼3½
JhsdaB flag 'kfuokj dks ?kj vk;k djrs FksA c`gLifr dks ;g ?kVuk gqbZ FkhA nks fnu rd
vkuanh dksi&Hkou esa jghA u dqN [kk;k u fi;k] mudh ckV ns[krh jghA var esa 'kfuokj dks og
fu;ekuqdwy la/;k&le; ij ?kj vk, vkSj ckgj cSBdj dqN b/kj&m/kj dh ckrsa djus yxsA ;g
7
okrkZyki nl cts jkr rd gksrk jgkA xk¡o ds Hknz iq#"kksa dks bu ckrksa esa ,slk vkuan feyrk Fkk fd
[kkus&ihus dh Hkh lq/k u jgrh FkhA JhdaB dks fiaM NqM+kuk eqf'dy gks tkrk FkkA ;s nks&rhu ?kaVs
vkuanh us cM+s d"V ls dkVs! fdlh rjg Hkkstu dk le; vk;kA iapk;r mBhA ,dkar gqvk] rks
ykyfcgkjh us dgk& HkS;k] vki tjk HkkHkh dks le>k nhft,xk fd eq¡g l¡Hkkydj ckrphr fd;k djsa]
ugha rks ,d fnu vuFkZ gks tk,xkA
csuhek/koflag us csVs dh vksj lk{kh nh& gk¡] cgw&csfV;ksa dk ;g LoHkko vPNk ugha fd enksZa
ds eq¡g yxsA
ykyfcgkjh& og cM+s ?kj dh csVh gS] rks ge Hkh dksbZ ,sls&oSls ugha gSaA
JhdaB us fpafrr Loj ls iwNk& vkf[kj ckr D;k gqbZ \
ykyfcgkjh us dgk& dqN Hkh ugha( ;ksa gh vki&gh&vku my> iM+hA eSds ds lkeus ge yksxksa
dks dqN le>rh gh ughaA
JhdaB [kk&ihdj vkuanh ds ikl x,A og Hkjh cSBh FkhA ;g gtjr Hkh dqN rh[ks FksA vkuanh
us iwNk& fpÙk rks izlUu gS\
JhdaB cksys& cgqr izlUu gS( ij rqeus vktdy ?kj esa ;g D;k minzo epk j[kk gS \
vkuanh dh R;ksfj;ksa ij cy iM+ x,A >q¡>ykgV ds ekjs cnu esa ;g Tokyk lh ngd mBhA
cksyh&ftlus rqels ;g vkx yxkbZ gS] mls ikÅ¡] eq¡g >qyl nw¡A
JhdaB& bruh xje D;ksa gksrh gks] ckr rks dgksA
vkuanh& D;k dgw¡] ;g esjs HkkX; dk Qsj gS! ugha rks x¡okj Nksdjk] ftldks pijklhfxjh djus
dk Hkh 'kÅj ugha] eq>s [kM+kÅ ls ekjdj ;ksa u vdM+rkA
JhdaB& lc gky lkQ&lkQ dgks] rks ekywe gksA eq>s rks dqN irk ughaA
vkuanh& ijlksa rqEgkjs ykM+ys HkkbZ us eq>ls ek¡l idkus dks dgkA ?kh gkaMh esa iko&Hkj ls
vf/kd u FkkA og lc eSaus ek¡l esa Mky fn;kA tc [kkus cSBk rks dgus yxk& nky esa ?kh D;ksa ugha
gS\ cl blh ij esjs eSds dks cqjk&Hkyk dgus yxk& eq>ls u jgk x;kA eSaus dgk fd ogk¡ bruk ?kh
rks yksx [kk tkrs gSa\ vkSj fdlh dks tku Hkh ugha iM+rkA cl bruh&lh ckr ij bl vU;k;h us eq>
ij [kM+kÅ Qsad ekjhA ;fn gkFk ls u jksd yw¡ rks flj QV tk,A mlh ls iwNks] eSaus tks dqN dgk gS]
og lp gS ;k >wBA
JhdaB dh vk¡[k yky gks xbZA cksys&;gk¡ rd gks x;k] bl Nksdjs dk ;g lkgl!
vkuanh fL=;ksa ds LoHkkokuqlkj jksus yxh( D;ksfa d vk¡lw mudh iydksa ij jgrs gSAa JhdaB cM+s
/kS;Zoku vkSj 'kkar iq#"k FksA mUgsa dnkfpr~ gh dHkh Øks/k vkrk Fkk( fL=;ksa ds vk¡lw ; iq#"k dh Øks/kkfXu
HkM+dkus esa rsy dk dke nsrs gSaA jkr&Hkj djoVsa cnyrs jgsA mf}Xurk ds dkj.k iyd rd ugha
>idhA izkr%dky vius cki ds ikl tkdj cksys& nknk] vc bl ?kj esa esjk fuckg u gksxkA
bl rjg dh fonzkgs iw.kZ ckrsa dgus ij JhdaB us fdruh gh ckj vius dbZ fe=ksa dks vkM+s gkFkksa
fy;k Fkk( ijUrq nqHkkZX;] vkt mUgsa Lo;a os gh ckrsa vius eq¡g ls dguh iM+haA nwljksa dks mins'k nsuk
Hkh fdruk lgt gS!
csuhek/ko flag ?kcjk mBs vkSj cksys&D;ksa\
JhdaB& blfy, fd eq>s Hkh viuh eku&izfr"Bk dk dqN fopkj gSA vkids ?kj esa vc vU;k;
vkSj gB dk izdksi gks jgk gSA ftudks cM+kas dk vknj&lEeku djuk pkfg,] os muds flj p<+rs gSaA
8
eSa nwljs dk ukSdj Bgjk ?kj ij jgrk ughaA ;gk¡ esjs ihNs fL=;ksa ij [kM+kÅ vkSj twrksa dh ckSNkjsa gksrh
gSaA dM+h ckr rd fpark ughaA dksbZ ,d dh nks dg ys] ogk¡ rd eSa lg ldrk gw¡ fdUrq ;g dnkfi
ugha gks ldrk fd esjs Åij ykr&?kw¡ls iM+sa vkSj eSa ne u ek:¡A
csuhek/koflag dqN tokc u ns ldsA JhdaB lnSo mudk vknj djrs FksA muds ,sls rsoj
ns[kdj cw<+k vokd~ jg x;kA dsoy bruk gh cksyk&csVk] rqe cqf)eku gksdj ,slh ckrsa djrs gksa \
fL=;k¡ bl rjg ?kj dk uk'k dj nsrh gSaA mudks cgqr flj p<+kuk vPNk ughaA
JhdaB& bruk eSa tkurk gw¡] vkids vk'khokZn ls ,slk ew[kZ ugha gw¡A vki Lo;a tkurs gSa fd
esjs gh le>kus&cq>kus ls] blh xk¡o esa dbZ ?kj l¡Hky x,] ij ftl L=h dh eku&izfr"Bk dk bZ'oj
ds njckj esa mÙkjnkrk gw¡] mlds izfr ,slk ?kksj vU;k; vkSj i'kqor O;ogkj eq>s vlg~; gSA vki lp
ekfu,] esjs fy;s ;gh dqN de ugha gS fd ykyfcgkjh dks dqN naM ugha nsrkA
vc csuhek/ko flag Hkh xjek,A ,slh ckrsa vkSj u lqu ldsA cksys& ykyfcgkjh rqEgkjk HkkbZ
gSA mlls tc dHkh Hkwy&pwd gks] mlds dku idM+ks ysfdu -------------------------
JhdaB& ykyfcgkjh dks eSa vc viuk HkkbZ ugha le>rkA
csuhek/koflag& L=h ds ihNs \
JhdaB& th ugha] mldh Øwjrk vkSj vfoosd ds dkj.kA
nksuksa dqN nsj pqi jgsA Bkdqj lkgc yM+ds dk Øks/k 'kkar djuk pkgrs Fks] ysfdu ;g ugha
Lohdkj djuk pkgrs Fks fd ykyfcgkjh us dksbZ vuqfpr dke fd;k gSA blh chp esa xk¡o ds vkSj dbZ
lTtu gqDds&fpye* ds cgkus ogk¡ vk cSBsA dbZ fL=;ksa us tc ;g lquk fd JhdaB iRuh ds ihNs
firk ls yM+us dks rS;kj gSa] rks mUgsa cM+k g"kZ gqvkA nksuksa i{kksa dh e/kqj okf.k;k¡ lquus ds fy, mudh
vkRek,¡ fryfeykus yxhaA xk¡o esa dqN ,sls dqfVy euq"; Hkh Fks] tks bl dqy dh uhfriw.kZ xfr ij
eu&gh&eu tyrs FksA os dgk djrs Fks& JhdaB vius cki ls ncrk gS] blfy, og nCcw gSA mlus
fo|k i<+h] blfy, og fdrkcksa dk dhM+k gSA csuhek/ko flag mldh lykg ds fcuk dksbZ dke ugha
djrs] ;g mudh ew[kZrk gSA bu egkuqHkkoksa dks 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ vkt iwjh gksrh fn[kkbZ nhaA dksbZ gqDdk
ihus ds cgkus vkSj dksbZ yxku dh jlhn fn[kkus vkdj cSB x;kA csuhek/ko flag iqjkus vkneh FksA
bu Hkkoksa dks rkM+ x,A mUgksaus fu'p; fd;k pkgs dqN gh D;ksa u gks] bu nzksfg;ksa dks rkyh ctkus dk
volj u nw¡xkA rqjra dksey 'kCnksa esa cksy& s csVk] eSa rqels ckgj ugha gw¡A rqEgkjk tks th pkgs djks] vc
yM+ds ls vijk/k gks x;kA
bykgkckn dk vuqHko&jfgr >Yyk;k gqvk xzstq,V bl ckr dks u le> ldk mls
fMcsfVax&Dyc esa viuh ckr ij vM+us dh vknr Fkh] bu gFkdaMksa dh mls D;k [kcj \ cki us ftl
eryc ls ckr iyVh Fkh] og mldh le> esa u vk;kA cksyk ykyfcgkjh ds lkFk vc bl ?kj esa ugha
jg ldrkA
csuhek/ko&csVk] cqf)eku yksx ew[kksaZ dh ckr ij /;ku ugha nsrAs og csle> yM+dk gSA mlls
tks dqN Hkwy gqbZ] mls rqe cM+s gksdj {kek djksA
JhdaB& mldh bl /k`"Vrk dks eSa dnkfi ugha lg ldrkA ;k rks ogh ?kj esa jgsxk] ;k eSa
ghA vkidks ;fn og vf/kd I;kjk gS] rks eq>s fonk dhft,] eSa viuk Hkkj vki laHkky yw¡xkA ;fn eq>s
j[kuk pkgrs gSa rks mlls dfg,] tgk¡ pkgs pyk tk, cl ;g esjk vafre fu'p; gSA
ykyfcgkjh flag njokts dh pkS[kV ij pqipki [kM+k cM+s HkkbZ dh ckrsa lqu jgk FkkA og
* /kweziku dkuwuh o LokLF; dh n`f"V ls fuf"k) rFkk gkfudkjd gSA
9
mudk cgqr vknj djrk FkkA mls dHkh bruk lkgl u gqvk Fkk fd JhdaB ds lkeus pkjikbZ ij cSB
tk,] gqDdk ih ys ;k iku [kk ysA cki dk Hkh og bruk eku u djrk FkkA JhdaB dk Hkh ml ij
gkfnZd Lusg FkkA vius gks'k esa mUgksaus dHkh mls ?kqM+dk rd u FkkA tc og bykgkckn ls vkrs] rks
mlds fy, dksbZ&u&dksbZ oLrq vo'; ykrs] eqxnj dh tksM+h mUgksaus gh cuok nh FkhA fiNys lky
tc mlus vius ls M~;ks<s+ toku dks ukxiapeh ds fnu naxy esa iNkM+ fn;k] rks mUgksua s iqyfdr gksdj
v[kkM+s esa gh tkdj mls xys ls yxk fy;k Fkk] ik¡p #i;s ds iSls yqVk, FksA ,sls HkkbZ ds eq¡g ls vkt
,slh ân;&fonkjd ckr lqudj ykyfcgkjh dks cM+h Xykfu gqbZA og QwV&QwVdj jksus yxkA blesa
lansg ugha fd vius fd, ij iNrk jgk FkkA HkkbZ ds vkus ls ,d fnu igys ls mldh Nkrh /kM+drh
Fkh fd ns[kw¡ HkS;k D;k dgrs gSa \ eSa muds lEeq[k dSls tkÅ¡xk] muls dSls cksyw¡xk] esjh vk¡[ksa muds
lkeus dSls mBsx a h\ mlus le>k Fkk fd HkS;k eq>s cqykdj le>k nsx a As bl vk'kk ds foijhr vkt mlus
mUgas funZ;rk dh ewfrZ cus gq, ik;kA og ewrZ FkkA ijUrq mldk eu dgrk Fkk fd HkS;k esjs lkFk vU;k;
dj jgs gSaA ;fn JhdaB mls vdsys cqykdj nks&pkj ckrsa dg nsrs( bruk gh ugha nks&pkj rekps Hkh
yxk nsrs rks dnkfpr mls bruk nq%[k u gksrk( ij HkkbZ dk ;g dguk fd vc eSa bldh lwjr ugha
ns[kuk pkgrk] ykyfcgkjh ls lgk u x;kA og jksrk gqvk ?kj vk;kA dksBjh esa tkdj diM+s igus] vk¡[ksa
iksN
a h] ftlls dksbZ ;g u le>s fd jksrk FkkA rc vkuanh ds }kj ij vkdj cksyk& HkkHkh] HkS;k us fu'p;
fd;k gS fd og esjs lkFk bl ?kj esa u jgsx a As vc og esjk eq¡g ugha ns[kuk pkgrs( blfy, vc eSa tkrk
gw¡A mUgas fQj eq¡g u fn[kkÅ¡xkA eq>ls tks dqN vijk/k gqvk] mls {kek djukA
;g dgrs&dgrs ykyfcgkjh dk xyk Hkj vk;kA
ftl le; ykyfcgkjh flag flj >qdk, vkuanh ds }kj ij [kM+k Fkk] mlh le; JhdaB Hkh
vk¡[ksa yky fd, ckgj ls vk,A HkkbZ dks [kM+k ns[kk] rks ?k`.kk ls vk¡[ksa Qsj yha] vkSj drjkdj fudy
x,A ekuks mldh ijNkbZa ls nwj Hkkxrs gksaA
vkuanh us ykyfcgkjh dh f'kdk;r rks dh Fkh] ysfdu vc eu esa iNrk jgh FkhA og LoHkko
ls gh n;korh FkhA mls bldk rfud Hkh /;ku u Fkk fd ckr bruh c<+ tk,xhA og eu esa vius
ifr ij >q¡>yk jgh Fkh fd ;g brus xje D;ksa gksrs gSa\ ml ij ;g Hk; Hkh yxk gqvk Fkk fd dgha
eq>ls bykgkckn pyus dks dgsa] rks dSls D;k d:¡xh\ bl chp esa tc mlus ykyfcgkjh dks njokts
ij [kM+s ;g dgrs lquk fd vc eSa tkrk gw¡] eq>ls tks dqN vijk/k gqvk] {kek djuk] rks mldk
jgk&lgk Øks/k Hkh ikuh gks x;kA og jksus yxhA eu dk eSy /kksus ds fy, u;uty ls mi;qDr vkSj
dksbZ oLrq ugha gSA
JhdaB dks ns[kdj vkuanh us dgk&ykyk ckgj [kM+s cgqr jks jgs gSaA
JhdaB& rks eSa D;k d:¡\
vkuanh & Hkhrj cqyk yksA esjh thHk esa vkx yxs! eSaus dgk¡ ls >xM+k mBk;kA
JhdaB& eSa u cqykšxkA
vkuanh& iNrkvksxsA mUgsa cgqr Xykfu gks xbZ gS] ,slk u gks] dgha py nsaA
JhdaB u mBsA brus esa ykyfcgkjh us fQj dgk& HkkHkh] HkS;k ls esjk iz.kke dg nksA og esjk
eq¡g ugha ns[kuk pkgrs( blfy, eSa Hkh viuk eq¡g mUgsa u fn[kkÅ¡xkA
ykyfcgkjh bruk dgdj ykSV iM+k] vkSj 'kh?kzrk ls njokts dh vksj c<+kA var esa vkuanh dejs
ls fudyh vkSj mldk gkFk idM+ fy;kA ykyfcgkjh us ihNs fQjdj ns[kk vkSj vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw Hkjs
10
cksyk& eq>s tkus nksA
vkuanh& dgk¡ tkrs gks \
ykyfcgkjh& tgk¡ dksbZ esjk eq¡g u ns[ksA
vkuanh& eSa u tkus nw¡xhA
ykyfcgkjh& eSa rqe yksxksa ds lkFk jgus ;ksX; ugha gw¡A
vkuanh& rqEgsa esjh lkSxa/k] vc ,d ix Hkh vkxs u c<+kukA
ykyfcgkjh& tc rd eq>s ;g u ekywe gks tk, fd HkS;k dk eu esjh rjQ ls lkQ gks x;k]
rc rd eSa bl ?kj esa dnkfi u jgw¡xk\
vkuanh& eSa bZ'oj dks lk{kh nsdj dgrh gw¡ fd rqEgkjh vksj ls esjs eu esa rfud Hkh eSy ugha
gSA
vc JhdaB dk ân; fi?kykA mUgksaus ckgj vkdj ykyfcgkjh dks xys ls yxk fy;kA nksuksa
HkkbZ QwV&QwVdj jks,A ykyfcgkjh us flldrs gq, dgk& HkS;k] vc dHkh er dguk fd rqEgkjk eq¡g
u ns[kwa¡xkA blds flok vki tks naM nsaxs] eSa lg"kZ Lohdkj d:¡xkA
JhdaB us dk¡irs gq, Loj ls dgk& yYyw! bu ckrksa dks fcydqy Hkwy tkvksA bZ'oj pkgsxk]
rks fQj ,slk volj u vkosxkA
csuhek/ko flag ckgj ls vk jgs FksA nksuksa Hkkb;ksa dks xys feyrs ns[kdj vkuan ls iqyfdr
gks x,A cksy mBs& cM+s ?kj dh csfV;k¡ ,slh gh gksrh gSaA fcxM+rk gqvk dke cuk ysrh gSaA
xk¡o esa ftlus ;g o`Ùkkar lquk] mlh us bu 'kCnksa esa vkuanh dh mnkjrk dks ljkgk& *cMs+ ?kj
dh csfV;k¡ ,slh gh gksrh gSaA*
'kCnkFkZ &
nso;ksx& HkkX;] {kq/kk&Hkw[k] Hkkot& HkkHkh]
vuFkZ&cqjk] gB& ftn] vfoosd& cqf)ghurk]
rkM+ x,& le> x,] Xykfu& i'pkÙkki] naxy& v[kkM+k]
rfud& FkksMk lk] vokd~& u cksyus dh fLFkfr dkafr&'kksHkk] ped
uacjnkj& xk¡o dk eqf[k;k rkYyqdsnkj& fdlh Hkw&Hkkx dk tehankj

oLrqfu"B iz'u&
1- HkSal dk nks lsj rktk nw/k losjs mBdj dkSu ih tkrk Fkk&
¼d½ Hkwi flag ¼[k½ csuhek/ko flag
¼x½ yky fcgkjh flag ¼?k½ JhdaB flag ¼ ½
2- ykyfcgkjh QwV&QwV dj jksus yxk Fkk&
¼d½ xyrh ds vglkl ls ¼[k½ HkkbZ dh ckr lqudj
¼x½ ?kj ls tkus dh ckr ls
¼?k½ ?kj esa jgus dh ckr ls ¼ ½
3- **og cM+s ?kj dh csVh gS] rks ge Hkh dksbZ ,sl&
s oSls ugha gSAa ** ykyfcgkjh ds bl dFku esa dkSulk
11
 euksHkko O;Dr gqvk gS&
¼d½ viuRo ¼[k½ vge~
¼x½ vdqykgV ¼?k½ bZ";kZ ¼ ½
4- **eSa bZ'oj dks lk{kh nsdj dgrh gw¡ fd rqEgkjh vksj ls esjs eu esa rfud Hkh eSy ughaA** ;g okD;
vkuanh ds fdl Hkko dks O;Dr djrk gS&
¼d½ Lusg Hkko ¼[k½ ,dRo Hkko
¼x½ i'pkÙkki dk Hkko ¼?k½ {kek Hkko ¼ ½
vfry?kw Ù kjkRed iz ' u&
1- vkuanh dk vius ifr ls fdl ckr ij fojks/k Fkk \
2- JhdaB dk xk¡o ds yksx vf/kd lEeku D;ksa djrs Fks \
3- **eSds esa pkgs ?kh dh unh cgrh gksA** yky fcgkjh ds bl dFku ds mÙkj esa vkuanh us D;k dgk
Fkk \
4- vktdy dh fL=;ksa dh fdl eukso`fÙk dh vksj dgkuhdkj us ladsr fd;k gS \
y?kw Ù kjkRed iz ' u&
1- *cM+s ?kj dh csVh* dgkuh dk mís'; crkb;sA
2- *mf}Xurk ds dkj.k iyd rd ugha >idh* ;g mf}Xurk fdldks] fdl ckr ls gqbZ Fkh \
3- vkuanh vU; fL=;ksa dh rjg vius ifr ds fdl fopkj ls lger ugha Fkh\ blds lac/a k esa mldh
D;k /kkj.kk Fkh \
4- ykyfcgkjh ds izfr Lusg j[krs gq, Hkh JhdaB Øksf/kr D;ksa gks mBk Fkk \
fuca / kkRed iz ' u&
1- *cM+s ?kj dh csVh* 'kh"kZd dgkuh ds ukedj.k dh lkFkZdrk ij fopkj dhft,A
2- vkidh n`f"V esa bl ikB esa dkSu lh ckr lcls xyr gqbZ \ bl ckr dh ppkZ djrs gq, vius
fopkj fy[ksa fd vki ml ckr dks cqjh D;ksa ekurs gSa \ foLr`r foospu dhft,A
3- **?kj dh NksVh&NksVh ckrsa lnL;ksa ds vge~ ds dkj.k mlds fo?kVu dk dkj.k cu ldrh gSA**
cM+s ?kj dh csVh dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij bl dFku dh lkFkZdrk ij izdk'k Mkfy,A

*****

12
 [ks y
&tSusUnz dqekj

ys [ kd&ifjp;
dgkuhdkj tSuUs nz dk tUe lu~ 1905 bZ- esa gqvkA fgUnh dgkuh ds ijEijkxr f'kYi ds LFkku
ij mls uohu /kjkry iznku fd;kA LFkwy ds LFkku ij lw{e txr dh vksj ys x,A ekuo dh vkUrfjd
leL;kvksa dk lw{e vadu fd;kA blls budh dgkfu;ksa dks ubZ vUrn`fZ "V] laons u'khyrk vkSj nk'kZfud
xgjkbZ izkIr gqbZA mUgksaus ekuo ds vlkekU; O;ogkj dh ekufld izfrfØ;kvksa dks fo'ysf"kr fd;kA
tSusUnz vUr}ZU} ds }kjk ekuoh; mnkÙk Hkkoukvksa dh lgt vfHkO;fDr djrs gSaA budh dgkfu;ksa esa
?kVukvksa ds LFkku ij pfj=&fp=.k vkSj 'kSyh ij vf/kd tksj fn;k x;k gSA thou ds lk/kkj.k ladrs ksa
ls gh os dFkk dk ekxZ iz'kLr djrs gSa] bl :i esa os ik=ksa ds pfj=&fp=.k ij vf/kd tksj u nsdj
mudh fof'k"V xfr;ksa dks mn~?kkfVr djrs gSaA
tSusUnz dh dgkfu;ksa esa O;fDr&lR; ds lkFk vga dk foltZu Hkh gS vkSj muds ewy esa lgt
ekuoh;&o`fr;k¡ gSa] ^[ksy*] ^,d dSnh*] ^iktsc*] ^tkàoh*] ^viuk&viuk HkkX;*] ^uhye ns'k dh
jktdU;k* vkSj ^,d xkS* dgkfu;ksa esa bls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
ikB&ifjp;
^[ksy* dgkuh esa ckydksa dh ØhM+kvksa dk lgt vkSj LokHkkfod fp=.k gSA mudk ijLij
:Buk rFkk eukuk ân;&Li'khZ gSA ckydksa ds ifo= ,oa fu'Ny Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr muds :Bus
eukus esa gksrh gSA mudk lgt Lusg vR;Ur eeZLi'khZ gSA dgkuh ds laokn ckyeu ds vuq:i gS]a vkSj
dgkuh dk vUr izHkkoksRiknd gSA

**** ****

ekSu&eqX/k la/;k fLer izdk'k ls g¡l jgh FkhA ml le; xaxk ds futZu ckyqdkLFky ij ,d
ckyd vkSj ckfydk] vius dks vkSj lkjs fo'o dks Hkwy] xaxkrV ds ckyw vkSj ikuh dks viuk ,dek=
vkReh; cuk muls f[kyokM+ dj jgs FksA
izd`fr bu funksZ"k ijekRe&[k.Mksa dks fuLrC/k vkSj fufuZes"k fugkj jgh FkhA ckyd dgha ls
,d ydM+h ykdj rV ds ty dks NVkNV mNky jgk FkkA ikuh ekuks pksV [kkdj Hkh ckyd ls fe=rk
tksMu+ s ds fy, foày gks mNy jgk FkkA ckfydk vius ,d iSj ij jsr tekdj vkSj Fkki dj ,d HkkM+
cuk jgh FkhA
cukrs&cukrs HkkM+ ls ckfydk cksyh] ^^ns[k] Bhd ugha cuk] rks eSa rq>s QksM+ nwaxhA** fQj cM+s
I;kj ls Fkidk Fkidkdj mls Bhd djus yxhA lksprh tkrh Fkh&blds Åij eSa ,d dqVh cukÅaxh&og
esjh dqVh gksxhA vkSj euksgj \ ugha] og dqVh esa ugha jgsxk] ckgj [kM+k [kM+k HkkM+ esa iÙks >ksadsxkA
tc og gkj tk,xk] cgqr dgsxk] rc eSa fQj mls viuh dqVh ds Hkhrj ys yw¡xhA
euksgj m/kj vius ikuh ls fgy feydj [ksy jgk FkkA mls D;k ekywe fd ;gk¡ vdkj.k gh
ml ij jks"k vkSj vuqxzg fd;k tk jgk gSA
ckfydk lksp jgh Fkh&euksgj dSlk vPNk gSA ij og naxbZ cM+k gSA gesa NsM+rk gh jgrk gS
vc ds naxk djsxk rks ge mls dqVh esa lk>h ugha djsaxsA lk>h gksus dks dgsxk rks mlls 'krZ djok
ysaxs rc lk>h djsaxsA
ckfydk lqjckyk lkrosa o"kZ esa FkhA euksgj dksbZ nks lky mlls cM+k FkkA
ckfydk dks vpkud /;ku vk;k&HkkM+ dh Nr rks xje gksxhA ml ij euksgj jgsxk dSls\
eSa rks jg tkÅaxh] ij euksgj cspkjk dSls lgsxk \ fQj lkspk&mlls eSa dg nwaxh&HkbZ Nr cgqr ri
jgh gS] rqe tyksxs] rqe er tkvksA ij og vxj ugha ekuk \ esjs ikl gksus dks og vk;k gh&rks \
eSa dg¡wxh&HkbZ Bgjks] eSa gh ckgj vkrh gw¡&ij og esjs ikl vkus dh ftn djsxk D;k------\ t:j djsxk]
og cM+k gBh gS&A ij eSa mls vkus ugha nw¡xhA cspkjk risxk-------- Hkyk dqN Bhd gSA T;knk dgsxk] eSa
/kDdk ns nw¡xh vkSj dgw¡xh&vjs] ty tk,xk ew[kZ! ;g lkspus ij mls cM+k etk&lk vk;k] ij mldk
eq¡g lw[k x;kA mls ekuks lpeqp gh /kDdk [kkdj euksgj ds fxjus dk vn~Hkqr vkSj d#.k n`'; ?kfVr
dh Hkk¡fr izR;{k gks x;kA
ckfydk us nks ,d iDds gkFk HkkM+ ij yxkdj ns[kkA HkkM+ vc fcydqy cu x;k FkkA ek¡
ftl lrdZ lko/kkuh ls vius dks gVkdj uotkr f'k'kq dks fcNkSus ij ysVk NksMr+ h gS] oSls gh lqjckyk
us viuk ik¡o /khjs&/khjs HkkM+ ds uhps ls [khapuk 'kq: fd;kA /khjs&/khjs]&/khjs&/khjsA bl fØ;k esa og
lpeqp HkkM+ dks iqpdkjrh lh tkrh FkhA mlds iSj ij gh rks HkkM+ fVdk gS iSj dk vkJ; gV tkus
ij cspkjk dgha VwV u iM+sA iSj lkQ fudkyus ij HkkM+ vc T;ksa dk R;ksa fVdk jg x;k] rc ckfydk
,d ckj vkg~ykn ls ukp mBhA
ckfydk ,dckjxh gh euksgj dks bl vykSfdd dkjhxjh okys HkkM+ ds n'kZu ds fy, nkSMd + j
[khap ykus dks m|r gks xbZA ew[kZ yM+dk ikuh ls my> jgk gSA ;gk¡ dSlh tcnZLr dkjxqtkjh gqbZ
gS] lks ugha ns[krkA ,slk iDdk HkkM+ mlus dgha ns[kk Hkh gSA
ij lkspk&vHkh ugha] igys dqVh rks cuk yw¡ ;g lkspdj ckfydk us jsr dh ,d pqVdh yh
vkSj cM+s gkSys ls HkkM+ ds flj ij NksM+ nhA fQj nwljh] fQj rhljh] fQj pkSFkhA bl izdkj pkj pqVdh
jsr /khjs&/khjs NksM+dj lqjckyk us HkkM+ ds flj ij viuh dqVh rS;kj dj yhA
HkkM+ rS;kj gks x;kA ij iM+ksl dk HkkM+ tc ckfydk us iwjk&iwjk ;kn fd;k rks irk pyk]
,d deh jg xbZ&/kq¡vk dgk¡ ls gksdj fudysxk\ rfud lkspdj mlus ,d lhad Vs<+h djds mlds
'kh"kZ ij xkM+ nhA cl czãkaM dh lcls laiw.kZ laink vkSj fo'o dh lcls lqUnj oLrq rS;kj gks xbZA
og ml le; mtÏ euksgj dks bl viwoZ LFkkiR; dk n'kZu djk,xh] ij vHkh tjk FkksM+k
ns[k rks ys vkSjA lqjckyk eq¡g ck, vk¡[ksa fLFkj djds bl HkkM+&Js"B dks ns[k ns[kdj fofLer vkSj
iqyfdr gksus yxhA ijekRek dgk¡ fojktrs gSa] dksbZ ckyk ls iwNs] rks og crk, bl HkkM+ ds tknw esaA
14
euksgj viuh lqjh&ljks&lqjhZ dh ;kn dj ikuh ls ukrk rksM+ gkFk dh ydM+h Hkjiwj tksj ls xaxk dh
/kkjk esa Qsaddj tc eqM+k] rc Jh lqjckyk nsoh ,dVd viuh ijekRe&yhyk ds tknw dks cw>us vkSj
ljkgus esa yxh gqbZ FkhA
euksgj us ckyk dh n`f"V dk vuqlj.k dj ns[kk&nsohth fcydqy vius HkkM+ esa vVdh gqbZ
gSA mlus tksj ls dgdgk yxkdj ,d ykr esa HkkM+ dk dke reke dj fn;kA
u tkus D;k fdyk Qrg fd;k gks] ,sls xoZ ls Hkjdj funZ;h euksgj fpYyk;k&lqjksZ jkuh!
lqjksZ jkuh ewd [kM+h FkhA mlds eq¡g ij tgk¡ vHkh ,d fo'kq) jl Fkk] ogk¡ vc ,d 'kwU; QSy
x;kA jkuh ds lkeus lk{kkr~ ,d LoxZ vk [kM+k gqvk FkkA og mlh ds gkFk dk cuk;k gqvk Fkk vkSj
og fdlh ,d dks mldh ,d ,d euksjerk vkSj LoxhZ;rk dk n'kZu djkuk pkgrh FkhA gk] gar! ogh
O;fDr vk;k vkSj mlus viuh ykr ls mls rksM+ QksM+ Mkyk! jkuh gekjh cM+h O;Fkk ls Hkj xbZA
gekjs fo}ku ikBdksa esa ls dksbZ gksrk rks mu ew[kksZa dks le>krk&lalkj {k.k&Hkaxqj gSA blesa
nq%[k D;k vkSj lq[k D;k! tks ftlls cuk gS] mls mlh esa y; gks tkuk gSA mlesa 'kksd vkSj m}sx dh
D;k ckr gS\ ;g lalkj ty dk cqycqyk gS] QwVdj ,d le; ty esa gh [kks tkuk mldh lkFkZdrk
gSA tks bruk ugha le>rs os o`Fkk gSA jh] ew[kZ yM+dh] rw le>! lc czãkaM czãe; gSA mlh esa yhu
gks tkus ds vFkZ gSA blls rw fdlfy, O;FkZ lg jgh gS\ jsr dk rsjk HkkM+ rsjk dqN Fkk Hkh \ eu dk
rek'kk FkkA cl gqvk] vkSj yqIr gks x;kA jsr esa ls gksdj jsr esa fey x;kA bl ij [ksn er dj] blls
f'k{kk ysA ftlus ykr ekjdj mls rksM+k gS] og rks ijekRek dk lk/ku ek= gSA ijekRek rq>s xaHkhj
f'k{kk nsuk pkgrs gSA yM+dh] rw ew[kZ D;ksa curh gS \ ijekRek dh bl f'k{kk dks le> vkSj ml }kjk
mu rd igq¡pus dk iz;kl dj] vkfn vkfnA
ij cspkjh ckfydk dk nqHkkZX;] dksbZ foK /kheku~ iafMr rÙoksins'k ds fy, ml xaxk rV ij
ugha igqap ldsA gesa rks ;g Hkh lansg gS fd lqjhZ ,dne bruh tM+ ew[kkZ gS fd ;fn dksbZ ijksidkjjr
iafMr ijekRe&funsZ'k ls ogk¡ igq¡pdj mins'k nsus Hkh yxrs] rks og mudh ckr dks le>rh rks D;k]
lqurh rd ughaA 'kk;n eq¡g fcpdk, jgrhA ij] vc rks ogk¡ fucqZf)] 'kB euksgj ds flok dksbZ ugha
gSa] vkSj euksgj fo'orÙo dh ,d Hkh ckr ugha tkurkA mldk eu tkus dSlk gks jgk gS\ tSls dksbZ
mls Hkhrj gh Hkhrj elksldj fupksM+ Mky jgk gS ysfdu mlus cudj dgk] ^^lqjks] nqÙk ixyh! :Brh
gS\**
lqjckyk oSlh gh [kM+h jghA
^^lqjh] :Brh D;ksa gS\**
ckyk rfud u fgyhA
^^lqjh! lqjh! & vks lqjh!*
vc cuuk u gks ldkA euksgj dh vkokt gBkr~ daih lh fudyhA
lqjckyk vc vkSj eq¡ag Qsjdj [kM+h gks xbZA Loj ds bl daiu dk lkeuk 'kk;n mlls u gks
ldkA
^^lqjh& vks lqfj;k! eSa euksgj gw¡&& euksgjA eq>s ekjrh ugha\**
;g euksgj us mlds ihB ihNs ls dgk vkSj ,sls dgk] tSls og ;g izdV djuk pkgrk gS fd
og jks ugha jgk gSA
^^ge ugha cksyrsA** ckfydk ls fcuk cksys jgk u x;kA mldk HkkM+ 'kk;n 'kwU; esa foyhu gks
15
x;kA mldk LFkku vkSj lqjckyk dh lkjh nqfu;k dk LFkku] dk¡irh gqbZ euksgj dh vkokt us ys fy;kA
euksgj us cM+k cy yxkdj dgk] ^^lqjhZ] euksgj rsjh ihNs [kM+k gSA og cM+k nq"V gSA cksy er]
ij ml ij jsr D;ksa ugha Qsd a nsrh] ekj D;ksa ugha nsrh\ mls ,d FkIiM+ yxk&og vc dHkh dlwj ugha
djsxkA**
ckyk us dM+ddj dgk] ^^pqi jgks th!**
^^pqi jgrk gw¡] ij eq>s ns[kksxh Hkh ugha\**
^^ugha ns[krhA**
^^vPNk er ns[kksA er gh ns[kksA eSa vc dHkh lkeus u vkÅ¡xk] eSa blh yk;d gw¡A
^^dg fn;k rqels] rqe pqi jgksA ge ugha cksyrsA** ckfydk esa O;Fkk vkSj Øks/k dHkh dk [kRe
gks pqdk FkkA og rks fi?kydj cg pqdk FkkA ;g dqN vkSj gh Hkko FkkA ;g ,d mYykl Fkk tks
O;ktdksi dk :i /kj jgk FkkA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ;g L=hRo FkkA
euksgj cksyk] ^^yks lqjhZ] eSa ugha cksyrkA eSa cSBk tkrk gw¡A ;gha cSBk jgw¡xkA rqe tc rd u
dgksxh] u mBw¡xk] u cksyw¡xkA
euksgj pqi cSB x;kA dqN {k.k ckn gkjdj lqjckyk cksyh] ^^gekjk HkkM+ D;ksa rksMk+ th \ gekjk
HkkM+ cukds nksA**
^^yks] vHkh yksA**
^^ge oSlk gh ysaxsA**
^^oSlk gh yks] mlls Hkh vPNkA**
^^ml iS gekjh dqVh Fkh] ml iS /kq¡, dk jkLrk FkkA**
^^yks lc yksA rqe crkrh tkvks] eSa cukrk tkšA**
^^ge ugha crk,axsA rqeus D;ksa rksM+k\ rqeus rksM+k] rqEgh cukvks!**
^^vPNk] ij rqe b/kj ns[kks rks!**
^^ge ugha ns[krs] igys HkkM+ cukds nksA**
euksgj us rHkh [kq'kh [kq'kh ,d HkkM+ cukdj rS;kj fd;kA dgk] ^^yks HkkM+ cu x;kA**
^^cu x;k\**
^^gk¡A**
^^/kq¡, dk jkLrk cuk;k\ dqVh cukbZ\**
^^lks dSls cukš&crkvks rksA**
^^igys cukvks] rc crkšxhA**
HkkM+ ds flj ij ,d lhad yxkdj vkSj ,d ,d iÙks dh vksV yxkdj dgk] ^^cuk fn;kA**
rqjar eqM+dj lqjckyk us dgk] ^^vPNk fn[kkvksA**
^^lhad Bhd ugha yxh th^^] ^^iÙkk ,sls yxsxk** vkfn&vkfn la'kks/ku dj pqdus ij euksgj dks
gqDe gqvk&
^^FkksM+k ikuh ykvks] HkkM+ ds flj ij MkysaxsA**
euksgj ikuh yk;kA
xaxkty ls dj ik=ksa }kjk og HkkM+ dk vfHk"ksd djuk gh pkgrk Fkk fd lqjksZ jkuh us ,d
ykr ls HkkM+ ds flj dks pdukpwj dj fn;kA
16
 lqjckyk jkuh g¡lh ls ukp mBhA lkspdj mRQqYyrk ls dgdgk yxkus yxkA ml futZu izkra
esa og fueZy f'k'kq&gkL;&jo ygjsa ysrk gqvk O;kIr gks x;kA lwjt egkjkt ckydksa tSl& s yky&yky
eq¡g ls xqykch&xqykch g¡lh g¡l jgs FksA xaxk ekuks tku cw>dj fdydkfj;k¡ ekj jgh FkhA
vkSj&vkSj os yEcs Å¡p&
s Å¡ps fnXxt isM+ nk'kZfud iafMrksa dh Hkk¡fr gkL; dh lkj 'kwU;rk ij
ekuks eu&gh&eu xaHkhj rÙoykspu dj g¡lh esa Hkwys gq, ew[kksZa ij FkksM+h n;k c['kuk pkg jgs FksA
'kCnkFkZ &
fLer & eqLdjkgV] fufuZes"k & viyd] lk>h & Hkkxhnkj]
foày&O;kdqy ¼?kcjk;k gqvk½] izR;{k & vk¡[kksa ds lkeus] m|r & rS;kj]
vykSfdd & vuks[kk] O;ktdksi&Øks/k dk cgkuk] foK & fo}ku]
/kheku~ & cqf)eku] 'kB & ew[kZ foyhu & fey tkuk]
rŸoksins'kd&jgL;kRed Kku djik= & vatfy] jo & vkokt ¼Loj½]
dk mins'k nsus okyk]
vkJ; & lgkjk] vkg~ykn & izlUurk] LFkkiR; & Hkou fuekZ.k]
O;Fkk & nq%[k] {k.k Hkaxqj & iyHkj esa u"V
gksus okyk ¼vfuR;½A
oLrqfu"B iz'u
1- lqjckyk ds HkkM+ dks QksM+dj euksgj dks dSlk yxk&
¼d½ tSls mlus nkSM+ thr yh gksA
¼[k½ tSls mlus fdyk Qrg dj fy;k gksA
¼x½ tSls mlus nkSyr izkIr dj yh gksA
¼?k½ tSls mldk lcdqN ywV x;k gksA ¼ ½
2- ^^lqjh--------------------------vks lqfj;kA eSa euksgj gw¡----------euksgjA eq>s ekjrh ugha \** euksgj ds bl
dFku ls D;k Hkko izdV gksrk gS&
¼d½ [ksn vkSj Xykfu ¼[k½ Lusg
¼x½ Åc vkSj fujk'kk ¼?k½ fojfDr ¼ ½
3- lqjkS jkuh ewd [kM+h FkhA mlds eq¡g ij tgk¡ vHkh ,d fo'kq) jl Fkk] ogk¡ vc ,d 'kwU; QSy
x;kA dkj.k Fkk&
¼d½ euksgj dk >xM+k
¼[k½ euksgj }kjk HkkM+ dks rksM+ Mkyuk
¼x½ euksgj }kjk fp<+kuk
¼?k½ euksgj ds vi'kCn lquuk ¼ ½
vfry?kw Ù kjkRed&
1- lqjckyk vkSj euksgj dh mez D;k Fkh \
2- lqjckyk us feV~Vh ls D;k cuk;k Fkk \
17
3- ^^lqjckyk g¡lh ls ukp mBhA euksgj mRQqYyrk ls dgdgk yxkus yxkA** nksuksa dh izlUurk
dk D;k dkj.k Fkk \
4- ^^dg fn;k rqels] rqe pqi jgksA ge ugha cksyrsA** ;g okD; fdlus] fdldks vkSj dc dgs \
y?kw Ù kjkRed iz ' u&
1- lqjckyk ds O;fDrRo esa ukjhRo >ydrk izrhr gksrk gSA mls Li"V dhft,A
2- euksgj dh dkairh gqbZ vkokt lqudj lqjckyk ij D;k izfrfØ;k gqbZ \
3- ^[ksy* dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij cPpksa dh cnyk ysus dh izo`fr ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
4- ^^cPps nsj rd Øks/k dks cuk, j[kdj :Bs ugha jgrsA** ^[ksy* dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij bl cky
euksfoKku dks le>kb;sA
5- ^^cPpksa esa dYiuk'khyrk gksrh gSA** lqjckyk ds O;ogkj dk vk/kkj ysdj crkb;sA
fuca / kkRed iz ' u&
1- ^[ksy* dgkuh dk mís'; Li"V djrs gq, leh{kk dhft,A
2- fl) dhft, fd tSusUnz dh ^[ksy* dgkuh cky euksfoKku dk fun'kZu djkrh gSA
3- ?kj ykSVrs le; lqjckyk vkSj euksgj ds e/; D;k ckrphr gqbZ gksxh] dYiuk ds vk/kkj ij
mÙkj nhft,A
4- ^[ksy* dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij lqjckyk vkSj euksgj ds pfj= dh fo'ks"krk,a fy[krs gq, mudh
rqyuk dhft,A

*****

18
 'kj.knkrk
&vKs ;

ys [ kd&ifjp;
vKs; dk iwjk uke lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u vKs; gSA vKs; dk tUe 1911 esa dfla;k
¼nsofj;k½ esa gqvkA
vKs; fo'kky Hkkjr] lSfud vkSj izrhd ds lEiknd jgsA fnueku ¼lekpkj lkIrkfgd½ dk
laiknu Hkh fd;kA vkdk'kok.kh vkSj lsuk esa Hkh ukSdjh dhA ns'k&fons'k dh vusd ckj ;k=k,a dhaA
vKs; fgUnh lkfgR; esa vk/kqfudrk vkSj u, iz;ksx ds iz.ksrk jgs gSA fopkjksa ds lkFk&lkFk mudh 'kSyh
esa Hkh uohurk FkhA
vKs; us miU;kl] dgkuh] ;k=k o.kZu] dfork] fucU/k lHkh fo/kkvksa esa jpuk dhA mudh
izfl) jpukvksa esa ^'ks[kj ,d thouh* ¼nks Hkkx½ ^unh ds }hi*] ^vius&vius vtuch* ¼miU;kl½ ^vjs]
;k;koj jgsxk ;kn*] ^,d cwan lglk mNyh* o ^vkReusin* ¼fuca/k laxzg½A ^gjh ?kkl ij {k.k Hkj*]
^ckojk vgsjh*] ^vk¡xu ds ikj }kj* ¼dfork laxzg½ ^foiFkxk*] ^dksBjh dh ckr*] ^t;nksy*] ^;s rsjs
izfr:i*] ^'kj.kkFkhZ*] ^ijEijk* ¼dgkuh laxzg½ nks Hkkxksa esa dgkfu;k¡ ladfyr gSaA
ikB&ifjp;
izLrqr dgkuh ns'k ds c¡Vokjs ds le; dh dgkuh gSA fgUnw&eqlyeku vkil esa izse vkSj
HkkbZpkjs ls jgrs FksA ,d eqlyeku us vius fgUnw fe= dks Hkkjr tkus ls jksdkA mRikfr;ksa&naxkb;ksa
ls mldh j{kk djus gsrq fgUnw fe= dks vius ?kj esa 'kj.k nhA og Hkh ,sls le; esa tc fd lc rjQ
vkx Fkh] lkaiznkf;drk dk rwQku FkkA lc dqN ty jgk FkkA vius ?kj esa [krjs dh vk'kadk ls vius
fgUnw fe= dks vU;= vius nwljs fe= ds ;gk¡ igq¡pk fn;kA lc tu ,d ls ugha gksrsA 'kj.kkxr dh
izk.k xaok dj Hkh j{kk dh tkrh gSA 'kj.knkrk 'kj.kkxr dh tku ysus dk iz;kl ugha djrkA

**** ****

^^;g dHkh gks gh ugha ldrk] nsfoUnjyky th!**

jQhdqíhu odhy dh ok.kh dk vkxzg FkkA psgjs ij vkxzg ds lkFk fpUrk vkSj dqN O;Fkk
dk HkkoA mUgksaus fQj nqgjk;k] ^^;g dHkh ugha gks ldrk] nsfoUnjyky th!**
 nsfoUnjyky us mlds bl vkxzg dks tSls dcwyrs gq,] ij viuh ykpkjh crkrs gq, dgk] ^^lc
rks pys x,A vkils eq>s dksbZ Mj ugha cfYd vkidk rks lgkjk gS] ysfdu vki tkurs gS]a tc ,d ckj
yksxksa dks Mj tdM+ ysrk gS] vkSj HkxnM+ iM+ tkrh gS rc fQtk gh dqN vkSj gks tkrh gSA gj dksbZ
gj fdlh dks 'kqcgs dh utj ls ns[krk gS] vkSj [k+kge[k+kg nq'eu gks tkrk gSA vki rks eksgYys ds ljoj
gSa] ij ckgj ls vkus&tkus okyksa dk D;k fBdk.kk! vki rks ns[k gh jgs gSa] dSlh&dSlh okjnkrsa gks jgh
gSa---------**
jQhdqíhu us ckr dkVrs gq, dgk] ^^ugha lkgc] gekjh ukd dV tk,xhA dksbZ ckr gS Hkyk
fd vki ?kjckj NksM+dj vius gh 'kgj esa iukgxthZ gks tk,a! ge rks vkidks tkus u nsaxs] cfYd
tcjnLrh jksd ysaxsA eSa rks bls estkfjVh dk QtZ ekurk gw¡ fd og ekbukfjVh dh fgQktr djs rks
mUgsa ?kj NksM+&NksM+dj Hkkxus u nsA ge iM+kslh dh fgQktr u dj lds rks eqYd dh fgQktr D;k
[k+kd djsx a sA vkSj eq>s iwjk ;dhu gS fd ckgj dh rks [kSj ckr gh D;k] iatkc esa gh dbZ fgUnw Hkh] tgk¡
mudh cgqrk;r gS] ,slk gh lksp vkSj dj jgs gksaxsA vki u tkb,] u tkb,A vkidh fgQktr dh
ftEesnkjh esjs flj] cl!**
nsfoUnjyky ds iM+ksl ds fgUnw ifjokj /khjs&/khjs ,d&,d djds f[kld x, FksA gksrk ;g
fd nksigj&'kke tc dHkh lk{kkr~ gksrk] nsfoUnjyky iwNrs] ^^dgks ykykth ¼;k ckÅth ;k iaMTth½]
D;k lykg c.kk;h gS vkius\** vkSj og mÙkj nsrs] ^^th lykg D;k c.kk.kh gS] ;gha jg jgs gSa] ns[kh
tk,xh---** ij 'kke dks ;k vxys fnu losjs nsfoUnjyky ns[krs gSa fd og pqipki t:jh lkeku ysdj
dgha f[kld x, gSa] dksbZ ykgkSj ls ckgj] dksbZ ykgkSj esa gh fgUnqvksa ds eksgYys esaA vkSj vUr esa ;g
ifjfLFkfr vk xbZ Fkh fd vc mlds nkfguh vksj pkj edku [kkyh NksM+dj ,d eqlyeku xwtj dk
vgkrk iM+rk Fkk ftlesa ,d vksj xwtj dh HkSl a vkSj nwljh vksj dbZ NksV& s eksVs eqlyeku dkjhxj jgrs
Fks] ckbZa vkSj Hkh nsfoUnj vkSj jQhdqíhu ds edkuksa ds chp es edku [kkyh Fks vkSj jQhdqíhu ds edku
ds ckn ekStax dk vM~Mk iM+rk Fkk] ftlds ckn rks fo'kq) eqlyeku cLrh FkhA nsfoUnjyky vkSj
jQhdqíhu esa iqjkuh nksLrh Fkh] vkSj ,d&,d vkneh ds tkus ij muls ppkZ gksrh FkhA vUr esa tc
,d fnu nsfoUnjyky us crk;k fd og Hkh pys tkus dh ckr ij fopkj dj jgs gSa] rc jQhdqíhu dks
/kDdk yxk vkSj mUgksaus O;fFkr Loj esa dgk] ^^nsfoUnjyky th] vki Hkh!**
jQhdqíhu dk vk'oklu ikdj nsfoUnjyky jg x,A rc ;g r; gqvk fd vxj [kqnk u djs
dksbZ [krjs dh ckr gqbZ gh] rks jQhdqíhu mUgsa igys [kcj dj nsaxs vkSj fgQktr dk bUrtke dj
nsxa &s pkgs tSls gksA nsfoUnjyky dh L=h rks dqN fnu igys gh tkya/kj ek;ds pyh xbZ Fkh] mls fy[k
fn;k x;k fd vHkh u vk;s] ogha jgsA jg x, nsfoUnj vkSj mudk igkfM+;k ukSdj lUrwA
fdUrq O;oLFkk cgqr fnu ugha pyhA pkSFks gh fnu losjs mBdj mUgksua s ns[kk fd lUrw Hkkx x;k
gSA vius gkFkksa pk; cukdj mUgksaus ih] /kksus dks crZu mBk jgs Fks fd jQhdqíhu us vkdj [kcj nh]
lkjs 'kgj esa ekj&dkV gks jgh gS vkSj FkksMs+ esa ekStxa esa Hkh gR;kjksa ds fxjksg ca/k&ca/kdj fudysx
a s dgha
tkus dk le; ugha gS] nsfoUnjyky viuk t:jh vkSj dherh lkeku ys ysa vkSj muds lkFk muds ?kj
pysaA ;g cyk Vy tk,] rks fQj ykSV vk,axs-----
^dherh* lkeku dqN Fkk ughaA xguk&NYyk lc L=h ds lkFk tkyU/kj pyk x;k Fkk] #i;k
FkksM+k cgqr cSad esa Fkk] vkSj T;knk QSyko dqN mUgksaus fd;k ugha FkkA ;ksa x`gLFk dks viuh fxjLrh
dh gj pht dherh ekywe gksrh gS------- nsfoUnjyky ?k.Vs Hkj ckn vius Vªd a &fcLrj ds lkFk jQhdqíhu
20
ds ;gk¡ tk ig¡qpsA
rhljs igj mUgksua s ns[kk] gqYyM+ ekStx
a esa vk igq¡pk gSA 'kke gksr&
s gksrs mudh fufuZe"s k vk¡[kksa
ds lkeus muds ?kj dk rkyk rksM+k x;k vkSj tks dqN Fkk yqV x;kA jkr dks tgk¡&rgk¡ yiVsa mBus
yxh vkSj Hkknksa dh mel /kqvk¡ [kkdj vkSj Hkh xy?kksaVw gks xbZ--------
jQhdqíhu Hkh vk¡[kksa esa ijkt; fy;s pqipki ns[krs jgsA dsoy ,d ckj mUgksua s dgk] ^;g fnu
Hkh ns[kus dks&vkSj vktknh ds uke ij! ;k vYykg!*
ysfdu [kqnk ftls ?kj ls fudkyrk gSA mls fQj xyh esa Hkh iukg ugha nsrkA
nsfoUnjyky ?kj ds ckgj fudy gh u ldrs jQhdqíhu gh vkrs&tkrsA dke djus dk rks
okrkoj.k gh ugha Fkk] os ?kwe?kke vkrs] cktkj dj vkrs vkSj 'kgj dh [kcj ys vkrs] nsfoUnjyky dks
lqukrs vkSj fQj nksuksa cgqr nsj rd ns'k ds Hkfo"; dh vkykspuk fd;k djrsA nsfoUnj us igys rks y{;
ugha fd;k] ysfdu ckn esa igpkuus yxk fd jQhdqíhu dh ckrksa esa dqN fpUrk dk] vkSj dqN ,d vkSj
ihM+k dk Hkh Loj] ftls og uke ugha ns ldrk&Fkdku \ mnklh \ fojfDr \ ijkt;\ u tkus-------
'kgj rks ohjku gks x;k FkkA tgk¡&rgk¡ yk'ksa lM+us yxh Fkha] ?kj yqV pqds Fks vkSj vc ty
jgs FksA 'kgj ds ukeh MkWDVj ds ikl dqN izfrf"Br yksx x;s Fks ;g izkFkZuk ysdj fd og eksgYys esa
tk,aA mudh lc yksx bTtr djrs gS]a blfy, muds le>kus dk vlj gksxk] vkSj ejht Hkh og ns[k
ldsx a As og nks eqlyeku usrkvksa ds lkFk fudysA nks&rhu eksgYYks ?kwedj eqlyekuksa dh cLrh esa ,d
ejht dks ns[kus ds fy, LVSFkLdksi fudkydj ejht ij >qds Fks fd ejht ds gh ,d fj'rsnkj us ihB
esa Nqjk Hkksad fn;k-----
fgUnw eksgYys esa jsyos ds ,d deZpkjh us cgqr ls fujkfJrksa dks vius ?kj txg nh Fkh] fd
os fujkfJr mlds ?kj fVds gS]a gks lds rks muds ?kjksa vkSj eky dh fgQktr dh tk,A iqfyl us vkdj
'kj.kkxrksa ds lkFk mls vkSj mlds ?kj dh fL=;ksa dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;k vkSj ys xbZA ihNs ?kj ij
geyk gqvk] ywV gqbZ vkSj vkx yxk nh xbZA rhu fnu ckn mls vkSj mlds ifjokj dks Fkkus ls NksM+k
x;k vkSj fgQktr ds fy, gfFk;kjcan iqfyl ds nks flikgh lkFk fd, x,A Fkkus ls ipkl dne ds
Qklys ij iqfyl okyksa us vpkud cUnwd mBkdj ml ij vkSj mlds ifjokj ij xksyh pykbZA og
vkSj rhu fL=;k¡ ekjh xbZaA mldh ek¡ vkSj L=h ?kk;y gks dj fxj xbaZ vkSj lM+d ij iM+h jgha------
fo"kkDr okrkoj.k] }s"k vkSj ?k`.kk dh pkcqd ls rM+QM+krs gq, fgalk ds ?kksM+s] fo"k QSykus dks
lEiznk;ksa ds vius laxBu vkSj mls HkM+dkus dks iqfyl vkSj ukSdj'kkgh nsfoUnjyky dks vpkud yxrk
fd og vkSj jQhdqíhu gh xyr gSa tks fd cSBs gq, gSa] tc fd lc dqN HkM+d jgk gSA mQu jgk gS]
>qyl vkSj ty jgk gS----- vkSj og y{; djrk fd Li"V Loj tks og jQhdqíhu dh ckrksa esa ikrk Fkk]
/khjs&/khjs dqN Li"V gksrk tkrk gS& ,d yfTtr lh :[kkbZ dk Loj-------
fgUnqLrku&ikfdLrku dh vuqekfur lhek ds ikl ,d xk¡o esa dbZ lkS eqlyekuksa us fl[kksa
ds xk¡o esa 'kj.k ikbZA vUr esa tc vkl&ikl esa dbZ xk¡o ds vkSj ve`rlj ds yksxksa ds ncko us ml
xk¡o esa muds fy, fQj vklUu ladV dh fLFkfr iSnk dj nh] rc xk¡o ds yksxksa us vius esgekuksa dks
ve`rlj LVs'ku igq¡pkus dk fu'p; fd;k tgk¡ ls os lqjf{kr eqlyeku bykds esa tk lds]a vkSj nks&<kbZ
lkS vkneh fdjikusa fudkydj mUgsa ?ksjs esa ysdj LVs'ku igq¡pk vk,&fdlh dks {kfr ugha igq¡ph-----
?kVuk lqudj jQhdqíhu us dgk] ^^vkf[kj rks ykpkjh gksrh gS] vdsys bUlku dks >qduk gh
iM+rk gSA ;gk¡ rks iwjk xk¡o Fkk fQj Hkh mUgsa gkjuk iM+kA ysfdu vkf[kj rd mUgksaus fuckgk] bldh
21
nkn nsuh pkfg,A mUgsa igq¡pk vk,&**
nsfoUnjyky us gkeh HkjhA ysfdu lglk igyk okD; muds Le`fr iVy ij mHkj vk;k&^^vkf[kj
rks ykpkjh gksrh gS&vdsys bUlku dks >qduk gh iM+rk gSA** mUgksua s ,d rh[kh utj jQhdqíhu dh vksj
ns[kk] ij os dqN cksys ughaA
vijkà esa N% lkr vkneh jQhdqíhu ls feyus vk;sA jQhdqíhu us mUgsa viuh cSBd esa ys
tkdj njokts cUn dj fy,A Ms<+&nks ?kaVs rd ckrsa gqbZA lkjh ckr izk;% /khjs&/khjs gqbZ] chp&chp esa
dksbZ Loj Åapk mB tkrk] vkSj ,d&vk/k 'kCn nsfoUnjyky ds dku esa iM+ tkrk&^csodwQh*] ^xíkjh*]
^bLyke*---- okD;ksa dks iwjk djus dh dksf'k'k mUgksua s vk;kliwodZ ugha dhA nks ?kaVs ckn tc mudks fonk
djds jQhdqíhu cSBd ls fudydj vk,] rc Hkh muls yiddj iwNus dh LokHkkfod izjs .kk dks mUgksua s
nck;kA ij tc jQhdqíhu fcuk ,d 'kCn dgs Hkhrj tkus yxs rc muls u jgk x;k vkSj mUgksua s vkxzg
ds Loj esa iwNk&^^D;k ckr gS jQhd lkgc] [kSj rks gS\**
jQhdqíhu us eq¡g mBkdj ,d ckj mudh vksj ns[kk] cksys ughaA fQj vk¡[ksa >qdk yhaA
vc nsfoUnjyky us dgk] ^^eSa le>rk gw¡] esjh otg ls vkidks tyhy gksuk iM+ jgk gS vkSj
[krjk mBkuk iM+ jgk gS lks vyx\ ysfdu vki eq>s tkus nhft,A esjs fy, vki tksf[ke esa u iM+saA
vkius tks dqN fd;k gS mlds fy, eSa cgqr 'kqØxqtkj gw¡ vkidk ,glku----**
jQhdqíhu us nksuksa gkFk nsfoUnjyky ds dU/kksa ij j[k fn;sA dgk] ^^nsfoUnjyky thA** mudh
lk¡l rst pyus yxhA fQj og lglk Hkhrj pys x,A
ysfdu [kkus ds oDr nsfoUnjyky us fQj loky mBk;kA cksys] ^^vki [kq'kh ls u tkus nsaxs
rks eSa pqipki f[kld tkšxkA vki lp&lp crkb,] vkils mUgksaus dgk D;k\**
^^/kefd;k¡ nsrs jgs vkSj D;k\**
^^fQj Hkh D;k /kedh vkf[kj----**
^^/kedh dh Hkh ^D;k* gksrh gS D;k\ mUgsa f'kdkj pkfg,&gYyk djds u feysxk rks vkx
yxkdj ysx a As **
^^,slk! rHkh rks eSa dgrk gw¡ eSa pykA eSa bl oDr vdsyk vkneh gw¡] dgha fudy gh tkÅ¡xkA
vki ?kjckj okys vkneh&;s yksx rks lc rckg dj Mkyus ij rqys gSaA**
^^xq.Ms fcydqy!**
^^vkt gh pyk tkšxkA**
^^;g dSls gks ldrk gS\ vkf[kj vkidks pys tkus ls geha us jksdk Fkk] gekjh Hkh rks dqN
ftEesnkjh gS&**
^^vkius Hkyk pkgdj gh jksdk Fkk&mlls vkxs dksbZ ftEesnkjh ugha gS&**
^^vki tk,¡xs dgk¡&**
^^ns[kk tk,xk&**
^^ugha] ;g ukeqefdu ckr gSA**
fdUrq cgl ds ckn r; gqvk ;gh fd nsfoUnjyky ogk¡ ls Vy tk,¡xsA jQhdqíhu vkSj dgha
iM+ksl esa muds ,d eqlyeku nksLr ds ;gk¡ fNidj jgus dk izcU/k dj nsaxs&ogk¡ rdyhQ rks gksxh]
ij [krjk ugha gksxk] D;ksfa d nsfoUnjyky ?kj esa ugha jgsx a As ogk¡ ij jgdj tku dh fgQktr rks gksxh]
rc rd dqN vkSj mik; lkspk tk,xk fudyus dk-----
22
 nsfoUnjyky 'ks[k vrkmYykg ds vgkrs ds vUnj fiNyh rjQ isMk+ as ds >qjeqV dh vkM+ esa cuh
gqbZ ,d xSjkt esa igq¡p x,A Bhd xSjkt esa rks ugha] xSjkt dh cxy esa ,d dksBjh Fkh] ftlds lkeus
nhokjksa esa f?kjk gqvk ,d NksVk lk vk¡xu FkkA igys 'kk;n ;g Mªkboj ds jgus ds dke vkrh gksA dksBjh
esa lkeus vkSj xSjkt dh rjQ ds fdokM+ksa dks NksM+dj f[kM+dh oxSjg ugha FkhA ,d rjQ ,d [kkV
Fkh] vkys esa ,d yksVkA Q'kZ dPpk] exj yhik gqvkA xSjkt ds ckgj yksgs dh pknj dk etcwr QkVd
Fkk] ftlesa rkyk iM+k FkkA QkVd ds vUnj gh dPps Q'kZ esa ,d x<+k lk [kqnk gqvk FkkA ftlds ,d
vksj pwuk feyh feV~Vh dk <sj vkSj feV~Vh dk yksVk ns[kdj x<+s dk mi;ksx le>rs nsj u yxhA
nsfoUnjyky dk Vªad vkSj fcLrj tc dksBjh ds dksus esa j[k fn;k x;k vkSj ckgj vk¡xu dk
QkVd cUn djds mlesa Hkh rkyk yxk fn;k x;k rc FkksM+h nsj os grcqf) [kM+s jgsA ;g gS vktknh!
igys fons'kh ljdkj yksxksa dks dSn djrh Fkh fd os vktknh ds fy, yM+uk pkgrs Fks] vc vius gh
HkkbZ viuksa dks rugkbZ dSn ns jgs gSAa D;ksfa d os vktknh ds fy, gh yM+kbZ jksduk pkgrs gSAa fQj ekuo
izk.kh dk LokHkkfod okLrqokn tkxk] vkSj mUgksua s xSjkt] dksBjh] vk¡xu dk fujh{k.k bl n`f"V ls vkjEHk
fd;k fd D;k&D;k lqfo/kk,¡ og vius fy, dj ldrs gSa\
xSjkt Bhd gS] FkksM+h nqxZU/k gksxh] T;knk ugha] chp dk fdokM+ cUn j[kus ls dksBjh esa ugha
vk,xhA ugkus dk dksbZ loky gh ugha]&ikuh 'kk;n eq¡g&gkFk /kksus dks dkQh gks tk;k djsxk-----
dksBjh&Bhd gSA jks'kuh ugha gS] i<+u& s fy[kus dk loky ugha mBrkA ij dke pykÅ jks'kuh
izfrfcfEcr gksdj vk tkrh gSA D;ksafd vk¡xu dh ,d vksj lkeus ds edku dh dksus okyh cÙkh ls
jks'kuh iM+rh gSA cfYd vk¡xu esa bl txg [kM+s gksdj 'kk;n dqN i<+k Hkh tk ldsA ysfdu i<+us dks
gS gh ugha] ;g rks /;ku gh u jgk FkkA
nsfoUnjyky fQj fBBd x,A ljdkjh dSn esa rks xk&fpYyk Hkh ldrs gSa] ;gk¡ rks pqi jguk
gksxkA
mUgsa ;kn vk;k] mUgksua s i<+k gS] tsy esa yksx fpfM+;k] dcwrj] fxygjh] fcYyh vkfn ls nksLrh
djds vdsykiu nwj djrs gS-a ---- og Hkh u gks rks dksBjh esa edM+h phaVh vkfn dk v/;;u djds-----mUgksua s
,d ckj pkjksa vksj utj nkSM+kbZA ePNjksa ls Hkh cU/kq Hkko gks ldrk gS] og mudk eu fdlh rjg ugha
Lohdkj dj ik;kA
os vk¡xu esa [kM+s gksdj vkdk'k ns[kus yxsA vktkn ns'k dk vkdk'k vkSj uhps ls vH;FkZuk
esa&tyrs gq, ?kjksa dk /kqvk¡! /kwisu ?kki;ke%A yky pUnu&jDr pUnu----
vpkud mUgksaus vk¡xu dh nhokj ij ,d Nk;k ns[kh&,d fcykjA mUgksaus cqyk;k ^^vkvks]
vkvks* ij og ogha cSBk fLFkj n`f"V ls rkdrk jgkA
tgk¡ fcykj vkrk gS] ogk¡ vdsykiu ugha gSA nsfoUnjyky us dksBjh esa tkdj fcLrj fcNk;k
vkSj FkksM+h nsj esa fu}ZU} Hkko ls lks x,A
fnu fNis ds oDr dsoy ,d ckj [kkuk vkrk FkkA ;ksa og nks oDr ds fy, dkQh gksrk FkkA
mlh le; dksBjh vkSj xSjkt ds yksVs Hkj fn, tkrs FksA ykrk Fkk ,d toku yM+dk] tks Li"V gh ukSdj
ugha Fkk] nsfoUnjyky us vuqHko fd;k fd 'ks[k lkgc dk yM+dk gksxkA og cksyrk fcydqy ugha FkkA
nsfoUnjyky us igys fnu iwNk Fkk fd 'kgj dk D;k gky gS\ rks mlus ,d vtuch n`f"V ls mUgsa ns[k
fy;k FkkA fQj iwNk fd vHkh veu gqvk ;k ugha\ rks mlus udkjkRed flj fgyk fn;k Fkk vkSj lc
[kSfj;r \ rks fQj flj fgyk;k Fkk&gk¡A
23
 nsfoUnjyky pkgrs rks [kkuk nwljs oDr ds fy, j[k ldrs Fks] ij ,d ckj vkrk gS rks og
,d ckj gh [kk ysuk pkfg, ;g lkspdj os MVdj [kk ysrs Fks vkSj ckdh fcykj dks ns nsrs FksA fcykj
[kwc fgy x;k Fkk] vkdj xksn esa cSB tkrk vkSj [kkrk jgrk] fQj gM~Mh&oM~Mh ysdj vk¡xu ds dksus
esa cSBdj pckrk jgrk ;k Åc tkrk rks nsfoUnjyky ds ikl ?kqj?kqjkus yxrkA
bl rjg 'kke dV tkrh FkhA jkr ?kuh gks vkrh Fkh] rc os lks tkrs FksA lqcg mBdj vk¡xu
esa dqN ojft'k dj ysrs Fks fd 'kjhj Bhd jgs] ckdh fnu dksBjh esa cSBs dHkh dadM+ksa ls [ksyrs] dHkh
vk¡xu dh nhokj ij cSBus okyh xkSj;s k ns[krs] dHkh nwj ls dcwrj dk xqVjxw¡ lqurs&dHkh lkeus ds dksus
ls 'ks[kth ds ?kj ds yksxksa dh ckrphr Hkh lqu iM+rhA vyx&vyx vkoktsa os igpkuus yxs Fks] vkSj
rhu&pkj fnu esa gh os ?kj ds Hkhrj ds thou vkSj O;fDr;ksa ls ifjfpr gks x, FksA ,d Hkkjh lh tukuh
vkokt Fkh&'ks[k lkgc dh chch dh] ,d vkSj rh[kh tukuh vkokt Fkh ftlds Loj esa o; dk
[kqjnjkiu Fkk&?kj dh dksbZ vkSj cqtqxZ L=h] ,d fouhr ;qok Loj Fkk tks izk;% igyh vkokt dh tScw!
uh tScw! iqdkj ds mÙkj esa cksyrk Fkk vkSj blfy, 'ks[k lkgc dh yM+dh tscqfUulk dk Loj FkkA nks
enkZuh vkoktsa Hkh lqu iM+rh Fkha&,d rks vkfcn fe;k¡ dh] tks 'ks[k lkgc dk yM+dk gqvk vkSj tks
[kkuk ysdj vkrk gSA vkSj ,d cM+h Hkkjh vkSj pjch ls fpduh vkokt tks 'ks[k lkgc dh vkokt
gSA bl vkokt dks nsfoUnjyky lqu rks ldrs] ysfdu bldh ckr ds 'kCnkdkj dHkh igpku esa u
vkrs&nwj ls rh[kh vkoktksa ds cksy gh Li"V le> vkrs gSaA
tScw dh vkokt ls nsfoUnjyky dk yxko FkkA ?kj dh ;qorh yM+dh dh vkokt Fkh] bl
LokHkkfod vkd"kZ.k ls ugha] og fouhr Fkh] blfy, eu&gh&eu os tScqfUulk ds ckjs esa vius Ågkiksg
dh jksekuh f[kyokM+ dgdj vius dks FkksM+k f>M+d Hkh ysrs Fks( ij vDlj os ;g Hkh lksprs Fks fd D;k
;g vkokt Hkh yksxksa esa fQjdkijLrh dk tgj Hkjrh gksxh \ ldrh gksxh \ 'ks[k lkgc iqfyl ds
fdlh n¶rj esa 'kk;n gSMDydZ gSaA nsfoUnjyky dks ;gk¡ ykrs le; jQhdqíhu us ;gh dgk Fkk fd
iqfyfl;ksa dk ?kj rks lqjf{kr gksrk gS] ;g ckr Bhd gS ysfdu lqjf{kr gksrk gS blfy, 'kk;n cgqr
ls minzo dh tM+ Hkh gksrk gSA ,sls ?kj esa Hkh lHkh yksx tgj QSykus okys gksa rks vpEHkk D;k----
ysfdu [kkrs oDr Hkh og lksprs] [kkus esa dkSulh pht fdl gkFk dh cuh gksxh----ijkslk fdlus
gksxkA lquh ckrksa ls og tkurs Fks fd idkus esa cM+k fgLlk rks ml rh[kh [kqjnjh vkokt okyh L=h
dk jgrk Fkk] ij ijksluk 'kk;n tScqfUulk ds ftEes gh Fkk vkSj ;gh lc lksprs&lksprs nsfoUnjyky
[kkuk [kkrs vkSj dqN T;knk gh [kk ysrAs [kkus esa cM+h&cM+h eqlyekuh jksVh ds ctk; NksV&s NksVs fgUnw
Qqyds ns[kdj nsfoUnjyky ds thou dh ,djlrk esa FkksM+k lk ifjorZu vk;kA ek¡l rks Fkk ysfdu
vkt jcM+h Hkh Fkh tcfd ihNs ehBs ds uke ij ,d vk/k ckj 'kkg VqdM+k vkSj ,d ckj fQjuh vkbZ
FkhA vkfcn tc [kkuk j[kdj pyk x;k rc nsfoUnjyky {k.kHkj mls ns[krs jgsA mudh m¡xfy;ka
Qqydksa ls [ksyus yxha& mUgksuas ,dk/k dks mBkdj fQj j[k fn;k( iy Hkj ds fy, vius ?kj dk n`';
mudh vk¡[kksa ds vkxs nkSM+ x;kA mUgksaus fQj nks&,d Qqyds mBk, vkSj fQj j[k fn;sA
gBkr os pkSadsA
rhu&,d Qqydksa dh rg ds chp esa dkxt dh ,d iqfM+;k lh iM+h FkhA
nsfoUnjyky us iqfM+;k [kksyhA
iqfM+;k esa dqN ugha FkkA
nsfoUnjyky mls fQj xksy djds Qsad nsus okys Fks fd gkFk fBBd x;kA mUgksaus dksBjh ls
24
vk¡xu esa tkdj dksus esa iatksa ij [kM+s gksdj ckgj dh jks'kuh esa iqtkZ ns[kk] ml ij dqN fy[kk FkkA
dsoy ,d lrjA
^^[kkuk dqÙks dks f[kykdj [kkb,xkA**
nsfoUnjyky us dkxt dh fpfUn;k¡ dhA fpfUn;ksa dks elyk dksBjh ls xSjkt esa tkdj xM~<s
esa Mky fn;k vkSj vk¡xu esa ykSV vk, vkSj Vgyus yxsA efLr"d us dqN ugha dgkA lUu jgkA dsoy
,d uke mlds Hkhrj [kks;k lk pDdj dkVrk jgk] tScw---tScw---tScw---
FkksM+h nsj ckn og fQj [kkus ds ikl tkdj [kM+s gks x,A
;g mudk [kkuk gS&nsfoUnjyky dkA fe= ds ugha] rks fe= ds fe= ds ;gk¡ ls vk;k& vkSj
muds estcku ds] muds vkJ;nkrk dsA
tScw dsA
tScw ds firk dsA
dqÙkk ;gk¡ dgk¡ gS\
nsfoUnjyky fQj Vgyus yxsA
vk¡xu dh nhokj ij Nk;k ljdhA fcykj cSBk FkkA
nsfoUnjyky us cqyk;kA yiddj dU/ks ij vk x;kA nsfoUnjyky us mls xksn esa fy;k vkSj
ihB lgykus yxsA og ?kqj?kqjkus yxkA nsfoUnjyky dksBjh esa x,A FkksMh+ nsj fcykj dks iqpdkjrs jgs]
fQj /khjs&/khjs cksy]s ^^ns[kks csVk] rqe esjs esgeku] eSa 'ks[k lkgc dk] gS u\ og esjs lkFk tks djuk pkgrs
gSa] ogh eSa rqEgkjs lkFk djuk pkgrk g¡waA pkgrk ugha g¡w] ij djus tk jgk gw¡A og Hkh pkgrs gSa fd ugha]
irk ugha] ;g rks tkuuk gSA blfy, rks eSa rqEgkjs lkFk og djuk pkgrk gw¡ tks esjs lkFk og irk ugha
pkgrs gSa fd ugha --------- ugha lc ckr xM+cM gks xbZA vPNk jkst esjh twBu rqe [kkrs gks] vkt rqEgkjh
eSa [kkÅ¡xkA gk¡] ;gh Bhd gSA yks [kkvks&**
fcykj us ekal [kk;kA gM~Mh >iVuk pkgrk Fkk] ij nsfoUnjyky us mls xksn esa fy;s gh jcM+h
f[kykbZ&og lc pkV x;kA nsfoUnjyky mls xksn esa fy, lgykrs jgsA
tkuojksa esa rks lgt Kku gksrk gSA [kk|&v[kk| dk] ugha rks os cprs dSls\ lc tkuojksa
esa gksrk gS] vkSj fcYyh rks tkuojksa esa 'kk;n lcls lgt Kku ds lgkjs thus okyh gS] rHkh rks dqŸks
dh rjg iyrh ugha] fcYyh tks [kk ys og loZFkk [kk| gS& tks fcYyh lM+h eNyh [kk ys ftls bUlku
u [kk, og vkSj ckr gS----
lglk fcykj tksj ls xqLls ls ph[kk vkSj mNydj xksn ls ckgj tk dwnk] ph[krk&xqjkZrk
lk dwndj nhokj ij p<+k vkSj xSjkt dh Nr ij tk igq¡pkA ogk¡ ls FkksM+h nsj rd muds dkuksa esa
vius&vkils gh yM+us dh vkokt vkrh jghA fQj /khjs&/khjs xqLls dk Loj nnZ ds Loj esa ifj.kr gqvk]
fQj ,d d#.k fjfj;kgV esa] ,d nqcZy ph[k esa] ,d cq>rh gqbZ lh djkg esa] fQj lglk pqi gks tkus
okyh yEch lkal esa&
nsfoUnjyky fQj [kkus dks ns[kus yxsA og dqN lkQ&lkQ nh[krk gks lks ugha( ij
nsfoUnjyky th dh vk¡[ksa fuLiUn mls ns[krh jghaA
vktknh! HkkbZpkjk! ns'k jk"Vª----!
,d us dgk fd ge tksj djds j[ksx a s vkSj j{kk djsx
a s] ij ?kj ls fudky fn;k nwljs us vkJ;
fn;k vkSj fo"k fn;kA
25
 vkSj lkFk esa psrkouh fd fo"k fn;k tk jgk gSA
nsfoUnjyky dk eu Xykfu ls meM+ x;kA bl /kDds dks jktuhfr dh HkqjHkqjh jsr dh nhokj
ds lgkjs ugha] n'kZu ds lgkjs gh >syk tk ldrk FkkA
nsfoUnjyky us tkuk fd nqfu;k esa [krjk cqjs dh rkdr ds dkj.k ugha] vPNs dh nqcZyrk ds
dkj.k gSA HkykbZ dh lkglghurk gh cM+h cqjkbZ gSA ?kus ckny ls jkr ugha gksrh] lwjt ds fuLrst
gks tkus ls gksrh gSA
mUgksaus [kkuk mBkdj ckgj vk¡xu esa j[k fn;kA nks ?kwaV ikuh fi;k] fQj Vgyus yxsA
rfud nsj ckn mUgksua s vkdj Vªda [kksykA ,d ckj ljljh n`f"V ls lc phtksa dks ns[kk] fQj
Åij ds [kkus esa ls nks&,d dkxt] nks&,d QksVks] ,d lsfoax cSad dh iklcqd vkSj ,d cM+k lk
fyQkQk fudky dj ,d dkys 'skjokuhuqek dksV dh tsc esa j[kdj dksV igu fy;kA vk¡xu esa vkdj
,d {k.k Hkj dku yxkdj lqukA
fQj os vk¡xu dh nhokj Qkan x, vkSj ckgj lM+d ij fudy x,A os Lo;a u tku lds fd
dSlAs
blds ckn dh ?kVuk] ?kVuk ugha gS] ?kVuk,¡ lc v/kwjh gksrh gSa] iwjh rks dgkuh gksrh gSA
dgkuh dh laxfr ekuoh; rdZ ;k foosd ;k dyk ;k lkSUn;Z cks/k dh cuh gqbZ laxfr gS blfy, ekuo
dks nh[k tkrh gS vkSj og iw.kZrk dk vkuUn ik ysrk gSA ?kVuk dh laxfr ekuo ij fdlh 'kfDr
dh&dg yhft, dky ;k izd`fr ;k la;ksx ;k nSo ;k Hkxoku dh&cukbZ gqbZ laxfr gSA blfy, ekuo
dks lglk ugha Hkh nh[krh blfy, blds ckn tks dqN gqvk vkSj tSls gqvk og crkuk t:jh ughaA
bruk crkus ls dke py tk;sxk fd Ms<+ eghus ckn vius ?kj dk irk ysus ds fy, nsfoUnjyky viuk
irk nsdj fnYyh jsfM;ks ls vihy djok jgs Fks] rc ,d fnu mUgsa ykgkSj dh eqgjokyh ,d NksVh lh
fpV~Bh feyh FkhA
^^vki cpdj pys x,] blds fy, [kqnk dk yk[k&yk[k 'kqØ gSA eSa ekurh g¡w fd jsfM;ks ij
ftuds uke vihy dh gS] os lc lykerh ls vkids ikl igq¡p tk,¡A vCck us tks fd;k ;k djuk pkgk
mlds fy, eSa ekQh ek¡xrh g¡w vkSj ;g Hkh ;kn fnykrh gw¡ fd mldh dkV eSua s gh dj nh FkhA vglku
ugha trkrh&esjk dksbZ vglku vki ij ugha gS&flQZ ;g bYrtk djrh gw¡ fd vkids eqYd esa dksbZ
vYila[;d et+yew gks rks ;kn dj yhft;sxkA blfy, ugha og eqlyeku gS] blfy, fd vki bUlku
gSa] [kqnk gkfQt!**
nsfoUnjyky dh Le`fr esa 'ks[k vrkmYyk dh pjch ls fpduh Hkkjh vkokt xw¡t xbZ] ^tSc!
tSc!* vkSj fQj xSjkt dh Nr ij NViVkdj /khjs&/khjs 'kkar gksus okys fcykj dh og nnZ Hkjh djkg]
tks dsoy ,d yEch lk¡l cudj pqi gks xbZ FkhA
mUgksaus fpV~Bh dh NksVh lh xksyh cukdj pqVdh ls mM+k nhA
'kCnkFkZ &
'kj.knkrk& 'kj.k nsus okyk] vkxzg& fuosnu] O;Fkk &ihM+k]
fQt+k & okrkoj.k] Qt+Z & dÙkZO;] iukg & 'kj.k]
fgQkt+r & lqj{kk] estkfjVh & cgqla[;d] eqYd & ns'k]

26
 ekbuksfjVh&vYila[;d] vgkrk&ckM+k] f?kjh gqbZ Hkwfe] gqYyM+&'kksjxqy] gYyk
cyk&vkink] ohjku&lqulku] fo"kkDr&tgj ;qDr] tgjhyk
:[kkbZ&:[kkiu] d`ik.k&ryokj] nkn nsuk&iz'kalk djuk]
Le`fr&;kn] tyhy&nq%[kh] viekfur ukeqefdu&vlaHko]
fu}ZU} Hkko&fuf'pUrrk] o; dk&mez dk] Vgyuk&?kweuk]
ifj.kr&cnyk gqvk] nqcy
Z &detksj] fuLrst&rst jfgr]
rdZ&rF;] lyker&lqjf{kr] bfYrt+k&fuosnu ¼vkxzg½]
et+yew &ihfM+r] vklUu&tks fudV gks] fufuZe"s k&vyidA
oLrqfu"B iz'u

1- nsfoUnjyky vkSj jQhdqíhu ?kj esa cSBdj fdldh vkykspuk fd;k djrs Fks&
¼d½ eqlyekuksa dh ¼[k½ fgUnqvksa dh
¼x½ ns'k ds Hkfo"; dh ¼?k½ ns'k ds orZeku dh
2- ejht dks ns[krs le; MkWDVj dh ihB esa Nqjk HkkSad fn;k Fkk&
¼d½ naxkb;ksa us ¼[k½ eksgYys ds vkneh us
¼x½ ejht ds HkkbZ us ¼?k½ ejht ds fj'rsnkj us
3- xSjkt esa jgus ds nkSjku nsfoUnjyky ckdh cpk [kkuk nsrs Fks&
¼d½ dqÙks dks ¼[k½ fcykj dks
¼x½ xk; dks ¼?k½ fdlh dks ugha
vfry?kw Ù kjkRed iz ' u&

1- ^^ugha lkgc] gekjh ukd dV tk;sxhA** ;s 'kCn fdlls] fdlus vkSj dc dgs Fks \
2- ^^mUgsa f'kdkj pkfg,&gYyk djds u feysxk rks vkx yxkdj ysaxsA** ;gk¡ f'kdkj dkSu gS vkSj
f'kdkjh dkSu \
3- nsfoUnj yky dks feyh gqbZ ykgkSj dh eqgj okyh fpV~Bh fdldh Fkh \
y?kw Ù kjkRed iz ' u&

1- jksfV;ksa ds chp j[ks dkxt ds iqtsZ ij D;k fy[kk Fkk\ og fdlus fy[kk vkSj D;ksa \
2- jQhdqíhu viuh vk¡[kksa esa ijkt; fy;s pqipki D;k ns[krs jgs Fks \
3- ^^----------------------------- /khjs&/khjs xqLls dk Loj nnZ ds Loj esa ifj.kr gqvk] fQj ,d d#.k fjfj;kgV
esa] ,d nqcZy ph[k esa ] ,d cq>rh gqbZ lh djkg-------------------** ;g cq>rh djkg fdldh Fkh \
;g fdl le; dk o.kZu gS \

27
fuca / kkRed iz ' u&

1- ^'kj.knkrk* dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk vkSj mís'; dks Li"V dhft,A

2- ^^ns'k ds ca¡Vokjs ds le; ykgkSj esa gSokfu;r vkSj balkfu;r nksuksa ds n`'; ,d gh Nr ds uhps
n`f"Vxr gksrs gSA** bl dFku ds laca/k esa vius fopkj fyf[k,A
3- ;fn vki 'ks[k vrkmYykg ds LFkku ij gksrs rks nsfoUnjyky ds lkFk dSlk O;ogkj djrs \
viuh dYiuk ds vk/kkj ij crkb;sA

*****

28
 ns ' kHkDr
ik.Ms; cspu 'kekZ *mxz*

ys [ kd&ifjp;
^mxz* th dk tUe lu~ 1900 bZ- esa pqukj] ftyk ehjtkiqj esa ,d xjhc czkã.k ifjokj esa gqvkA
vkidh izkjfEHkd f'k{kk dk'kh esa gqbZ Lora=rk vkUnksyu ds le; vkids mxz fopkjksa ds dkj.k bUgsa
fo|ky; ls fudky fn;k x;kA cM+s HkkbZ ds lkFk cgqr fnuksa rd v;ks/;k ds egUrksa ds lkFk jkeyhyk
e.Myh esa ^lhrk* dk vfHku; djrs jgsA pkpk dh d`ik ls iqu% i<+kbZ 'kq: gqbZ fdUrq 1921 esa jk"Vªh;
vkUnksyu esa Hkkx ysdj tsy pys x;sA 1921 ls gh ^v"VkoØ* uke ls dgkfu;k¡ fy[khaA xksj[kiqj ls
Lons'k if=dk fudkyhA blds igys vad ij gh vaxzst ljdkj us buds uke okjUV fudky fn;k rks
dydŸkk tkdj ^erokyk* i= dk laiknu djus yxsA ogk¡ ls cEcbZ vkdj ^lkbysUV fQYe* esa ys[kd
dk dke djus yxs fdUrq ogk¡ ls ^Lons'k&if=dk* ds tqeZ esa cEcbZ ls idM+ dj xksj[kiqj yk, x,
vkSj N% eghus dh l[r ltk gqbZA budh ^cq<k+ ik* vkSj ^#i;k* dgkfu;ksa ds dkj.k ljdkj us bUgsa iqu%
dSn dj fy;kA oh.kk] Lojkt] foØe] laxkz e vkfn i=ksa dk laiknu bUgksua s Øe'k% fd;kA budh thouh
^viuh [kcj* ds uke ls izdkf'kr gqbZ gS] tks fgUnh dh vuwBh jpuk gSA buds }kjk fy[ks x;s ^egkRek
bZlk* uked ukVd vkSj ^pkdysV* miU;kl cgqr pfpZr gq,A mxz th dh 'kSyh esa ikS#"k dh [kud vkSj
Li"Vokfnrk fn[kkbZ nsrh gS mxz th dk ns'kHkfDr dk laLdkj vR;ar iz[kj FkkA
ikB&ifjp;
izLrqr dgkuh esa ys[kd us nsoyksd ds :id ds ek/;e ls ns'k ds fy, loZLo yqVk nsus okys
uo;qod dh l`f"V dks fo/kkrk dh lokZf/kd fiz; l`f"V crk;k gSA blh ds ek/;e ls ns'k&lsok ds iFk
ij vkus okyh dfBukb;ksa&nfjnzrk] nq%[k fpUrk vkfn dks ns'k&lsok dk gh vfHkUu vax ekuk x;k gSA
ns'k&fgr esa lHkh izdkj ds d"Vksa dks lgrs gq, Hkh fujarj lfØ; jguk vkSj vfMx Hkko ls ns'k&lsok
djuk gh ns'k&HkDr dk 'khy&pfj= gS ;g pfj= nso&yksd ds fy, Hkh nqyZHk ,oa Li`g.kh; gSA izLrqr
dgkuh ns'k&HkDr dh t; ls xqatfjr vn~Hkqr dgkuh gSA

**** ****
 %% 1 %%
^Lokfeu~ vkt dksbZ lqUnj l`f"V djks ! fdlh ,sls izk.kh dk fuekZ.k djks ftldh jpuk ij
gesa xkSjo gks ldsA D;ksa\
^lpeqp fiz;s] vkt rqEgsa D;k lw>k] tks lkjk /kU/kk NksM+ dj ;gk¡ vkbZ gks] vkSj esjh
l`f"V&ijh{kk ysus dks rS;kj gks\**
^^rqEgkjh ijh{kk] vkSj eSa yw¡xh\ gjs] gjsA eq>s O;FkZ gh dk¡Vksa esa D;ksa ?klhV jgs gks ukFk\ ;ksa gh
cSBh&cSBh rqEgkjh vn~Hkqr jpuk ^e`R;qyksd* dk rek'kk ns[k jgh FkhA tc th Åc x;k] rc rqEgkjs ikl
pyh vkbZ gw¡A vc lalkj esa ekSfydrk ugha fn[kkbZ iM+rhA ogh iqjkuh xkFkk pkjksa vkSj fn[kkbZ&lqukbZ
iM+ jgh gSA dksbZ jksrk gS] dksbZ f[kyf[kykrk gS] ,d I;kj djrk gS nwljk vR;kpkj djrk gS] jktk
/khjs&/khjs Hkh[k ek¡xus yxrk gS vkSj fHk{kqd 'kklu djus yxrk gSA bu ckrksa esa ekSfydrk dgk¡ \
blfy, izkFkZuk djrh gw¡ fd dksbZ euksjatd l`f"V l¡okjksA lalkj ds vf/kdrj izk.kh rqedks 'kki gh
nsrs gSa] ,d ckj vk'khokZn Hkh yksA*
^vPNh ckr gS] bl le; fpÙk Hkh izlUu gSA fdlh ls ekuo l`f"V dh vko';d lkexzh ;gha
e¡xokvksA vkt eSa rqEgkjs lkeus gh rqEgkjh lgk;rk ls l`f"V d:¡xkA
^^eS]a rqedks lgk;rk nw¡xh! rc jgus nks] gks pqdh l`f"V! l`f"V djus dh ;ksX;rk ;fn eq>esa gksrh]
rks eSa rqedks d"V nsus ds fy, ;gk¡ vkrh \**
^^ukjkt D;ksa] gksrh gks HkkbZ! rqels iqryk rS;kj djus dks dkSu dgrk gS \ rqe ;gk¡ pqipki
cSBh jgksA gk¡] dHkh&dHkh esjh vksj] esjh d`fr dh vksj vius e/kqj dVk{k dks Qsj fn;k djukA rqEgkjh
bruh&lh lgk;rk ls esjh l`f"V esa tku vk tk,xh] le>h \**
^^le>hA ns[krh gw¡] rqEgkjh vknr Hkh dfy;qxh cw<+ksa&lh gqbZ tk jgh gSA vHkh rd vk¡[kksa esa
tokuh dk u'kk Nk;k gqvk gSA**
^^vkSj rqEgkjh vknr rks cgqr vPNh gqbZ tk jgh gSA os g¡ls vkSj cksys&pyks] tYnh djks] lc
phtsa e¡xokvksA**
%% 2 %%
f{kfr] ty] vfXu] vkdk'k vkSj iou ds lfEeJ.k ls fo/kkrk us ,d iqryk rS;kj fd;kA blds
ckn mUgksua s lcls igys rst dks cqyk dj ml iqrys esa izo's k djus dks dgkA bl ds ckn lkSUn;Z] n;k]
d#.kk] izse] fo|k] cqf)&cy] larks"k&lkgl] mRlkg&/kS;Z&xEHkhjrk vkfn leLr xq.kksa ls ml iqrys
dks ltk fn;kA vUr esa vk;q vkSj HkkX; dh js[kk,¡ cukus ds fy, T;ksa gh fo/kkrk us ys[kuh mBk;h
R;ksa gh czãk.kh us jksdk& ^^lqfu, Hkh] blds HkkX; esa D;k fy[kus tk jgs gSa] vkSj vk;q fdruh
nhft;sxk\**
^^D;ksa\ rqedks bu ckrksa ls D;k eryc\ rqEgsa rks rek'kk&Hkj ns[krk gS] og ns[k ysukA HkkSgsa
ruus yxha uA vPNk yks lqu yksA blds HkkX; esa fy[kh tk jgh gS] Hk;adj nfjnzrk] nq%[k] fpUrk vkSj
bldh vk;q gksxh chl o"kksZa dh!**
^^vjs! ;g D;k rek'kk dj jgs gSa\ cy] lkgl] n;k] rst] lkSUn;Z] fo|k] cqf) vkfn xq.kksa dks
nsus ds ckn nfjnzrk] nq%[k] fpUrk vkfn dks nsus dh D;k vko';drk gS\ fQj l`f"V dks ns[k dj yksx
vkidh iz'kalk djsaxs ;k xkfy;k¡ nsaxs\ fQj dsoy chl o"kksZ dh voLFkk! bUgha dkj.kksa ls e`R;q&yksd

30
ds dfo vkidh f'kdk;r djrs gSAa D;k fQj fdlh ls ^^uke prqjkuu iS pwdrs pys x;s! fy[kokus dk
fopkj gS\**
fo/kkrk us eqLdjkdj dgk&^^vc rks jpuk gks x;hA pqipki rek'kk Hkj ns[kksA bldh vk;q
blfy, de j[kh gS ftlls rek'kk tYn fn[kkbZ iM+sA**
czãk.kh us iwNk&^^bls e`R;q&yksd okys fdl uke ls iqdkjsaxs\**
iztkifr us xoZ&Hkjs Loj ls mÙkj fn;k & ^ns'kHkäA*
%% 3 %%
vejkorh ls bUnz us] dSykl ls f'ko us] cSdq.B ls deykifr us lalkj&jaxeap ij ns'kHkDr
dk izos'k ml le; ns[kk] tc mldh voLFkk mUuhl o"kZ dh gks xbZA blesa dksbZ vk'p;Z dh ckr
ughaA nso&e.Myh dk ,d&,d fnu gekjh vusd 'krkfCn;ksa ls Hkh cM+k gksrk gSA gekjs mUuhl o"kZ
rks muds dqN feuVksa ls Hkh de FksA
ns'kHkDr ds n'kZuksa ls Hkxoku izlUu gksdj ukpus yxsA mUgksaus viuh izk.ks'ojh ikoZrh dk
/;ku ns'kHkDr dh vksj vkdf"kZr djrs gq, dgk & ^^ns[kks] ;g l`f"V dh vHkwriwoZ jpuk gSA dksbZ Hkh
nsork ns'kHkDr ds :i esa ujyksd esa tkdj vius dks /kU; le> ldrk gS] fiz;s bls vk'khokZn nksA**
izlUuonuk mek us dgk& ^^ns'kHkDr dh t; gks!**
,d fnu ns'kHkDr ds rstiw.kZ eq[keaMy ij vpkud deyk dh n`f"V xbZA ml le; ;g
¼ns'kHkDr½ gkFk esa fiLrkSy fy;s fdlh ns'k&nzksgh dk ihNk dj jgk FkkA bfUnjk us ?kcjkdj fo".kq dks
mldh vkSj vkdf"kZr djrs gq, dgk & ^^;g dkSu gS\ eq[k ij bruk rst ,slh ifo=rk vkSj djus tk
jgk gS] jk{klh deZ&gR;k! ;g dSlh yhyk gS\** yhyk/kj fo".kq us dgk ^^pqipki ns[kksA ^ifj=k.kk;
lk/kwuka fouk'kk; p n`"d`rke~] /keZlaLFkkiukFkkZ; laHkokfe ;qxs&;qxs* ;fn og ns'kHkDr&jk{klksa dk dke
djus tk jgk gSA nsoh] bUgsa iz.kke djks! ;g drkZ dh ifo= d`fr gSA**
gkFk dh fiLrkSy ns'k&nzkgs h ds eLrd ds lkeus dj] ns'kHkDr us dgk & ^ew[kZ i'pkrki dj]
ns'k&nzksg ls gkFk [khap dj ekr`&lsok dh izfrKk dj! ugha rks ejus ds fy, rS;kj gks tkA*
ns'k&nzksgh ds eq[k ij ?k`.kk vkSj vfHkeku Hkjh eqLdjkgV nkSM+ x;hA mlus 'kklu ds Loj esa
mÙkj fn;k &
^vKkuh] lko/kku! ge 'kkldksa ds ykM+ys gSAa gekjs ek¡&cki vkSj bZ'oj] loZ'kfDreku ^lezkV*
gSaA ^lezkV* ds lEeq[k ns'k dh cM+kbZA*
^vfUre ckj iqu% dg jgk gw¡] ^ekrk dh t;* cksy] vU;Fkk b/kj ns[k!* ns'kHkDr] dh fiLrkSy
xjtus ds fy, rS;kj gks x;hA
flj ij ladV ns[kdj ns'k&nzksgh us viuh tsc ls lhVh fudky dj tksj ls ctkbZA tku
iM+rk gS ns'k&nzkfs g;ksa dk ny ns'kHkDr dh vksj yidkA fQj D;k Fkk] ns'kHkDr dh fiLrkSy xjt mBhA
{k.k&Hkj esa ns'k&nzksfg;ksa dk ljnkj] dcwrj dh rjg i`Foh ij ykSVus yxkA fxj¶rkj gksus ls iwoZ
lQy&iz;Ru] ns'kHkDr vkuUn foHkksj gksdj fpYyk mBk] ^ekrk dh t; gksA*
dk¡irs gq, bUnzklu us] iq"io`f"V djrs gq, uUnu&dkuu us] rkaMo&u`R; esa yhu :nz us]
dy&dy djrh gqbZ lqjlfjrk us ,d Loj ls dgk & ^ns'kHkDr dh t; gksA*
fo/kkrk izse&xn~xn~ gksdj czãk.kh ls cksys& ^ns[krh gks] ns'kHkDr ds pj.k Li'kZ ls vHkkxk
31
dkjkxkj vius dks LoxZ le> jgk gSA yksgs dh dfM+;ksa &gFkdM+h&csfM+;ksa us ekuks ikjl ik fy;k gS]
lalkj ds ân; esa izlUurk dk leqnz meM+ jgk gS] olqU/kjk Qwyh ugha lekrh! ;g gS esjh d`fr] ;g
esjh d`fr] ;g gS esjh foHkwfr! fiz; xkvks] eaxy eukvks] vkt esjh ys[kuh /kU; gqbZA*
%% 4 %%
ftl fnu ns'kHkDr dh tokuh dk vfUre i`"B fy[kk tkus okyk Fkk ml fnu LoxZyksd esa
vkuUn dk vikj ikjkoj meM+ jgk FkkA f=a'k dksfV nsokaxukvksa dh Fkkfy;ksa dks mnkj dYio`{k us vius
iq"iksa ls Hkj fn;k Fkk] vejkorh us viuk viwoZ oa`xkj fd;k Fkk] pkjksa vksj eaxy&xku xk, tk jgs FksA
le; ls cgqr igys nsorkx.k foeku ij vk:<+ gks dj vkdk'k esa fopjus vkSj ns'kHkDr ds
vkxeu dh izrh{kk djus yxsA
lezkV ds leFkZd Hkh"k.k 'kL=kL=ksa ls lqlfTtr gksdj ,d cM+s eSnku esa [kM+s FksA ns'kHkDr
ij ^lezkV ds izfr fonzksg* dk vijk/k yxk dj U;k; dk ukVd [ksyk tk pqdk FkkA U;k;k/kh'k dh
;g vkKk lqukbZ tk pqdh Fkh fd ^;k rks ns'kHkDr vius dekasZ ds fy, i'pkrki izdV dj lezkV dh
t; ?kks"k.kk djsa ;k rksi ls mls mM+k fn;k tk,A* ns'kHkDr i'pkRkki D;k djrk\ vr% lezkV ds lSfudksa
us tathj esa dldj rksi ds lEeq[k [kM+k dj fn;kA
lezkV ds izfrfuf/k us dgk &
^vijk/kh! U;k; dh j{kk ds fy, vafre ckj fQj dgrk gw¡ & ^lezkV dh t;* ?kks"k.kk dk
i'pkRkki dj ysA**
eqLdjkrs gq, ns'kHkDr cUnh us dgk&
^^rqe viuk dke djks] eq>ls i'pkRkki dh vk'kk O;FkZ gSA rqe eq>ls ^lezkV dh t;* dgykus
ds fy, D;ksa ejs tk jgs gks\ lPpk lezkV dgk¡ gS\ rqEgkjs dgus ls lalkj ds yqVsjksa dks eSa dSls lezkV
eku yw¡\ lezkV euq";rk dk nzksgh gks ldrk gS\ lezkV U;k; dk xyk ?kksaV ldrk gS\ lezkV jä dk
I;klk gks ldrk gS\ HkkbZ rqe ftls lezkV dgrs gks] mls euq";rk ds mikld ^jk{kl* dgrs gSaA fQj
lezkV dh t; & ?kks"k.kk dSlh \ rqe eq>s rksi ls mM+k nks& blh esa lezkV dk eaxy gS] blh ls ikiksa
dk ?kM+k QwVsxk vkSj mls eqfDr feysxhA**
nso&e.My ds chp cSBh gqbZ ekrk euq";rk dh xksn esa cSBdj ns'kHkDr us vkSj lkFk gh f=a'k
dksfV nsorkvksa us ns[kk] iaprÙo ds ,d iqrys dks vR;kpkj ds mikldksa us rksi ls mM+k fn;kA
ml iqrys ds ,d & ,d d.k dks nsorkvksa us ef.k dh rjg ywV fy;kA cgqr nsj rd nsoyksd
^ns'kHkDr dh t;* ls eq[kfjr jgkA
' kCnkFkZ &

f{kfr& i`Foh] l`f"V& lalkj] txr] fo/kkrk& bZ'oj]

ifj=k.kk;&iw.kZ j{kk ds fy, nq"d`R;& cqjk dk;Z] f=a'k& rhl]
dksfV&djksM]+ iaprÙo& i`Foh] vkdk'k] ok;q] ty] vfXu
n`f"V&utj] yhu&jr] vk:<+& p<+k gqvk]

32
 fopj.k& ?kweuk] fonzksg& gkfu ig¡pkus ds fopkj ls fd;k x;k dk;Z
nzkgs h& nq'eu] mikld& HkDr

oLrqfu"B iz'u&

1- ^^nsoh bUgsa iz.kke djksA ;g drkZ dh ifo= d`fr gSA** yhyk/kj fo".kq us ns'kHkDr ds fdl dÙkZO;
dh vksj bfUnjk dk /;ku vkd`"V fd;k&
¼d½ u`'kalrk ¼[k½ ns'k nzksg
¼x½ yksd&j{kk ¼?k½ 'kkS;Z ¼ ½
2- ^ns'kHkDr ij ^lezkV ds izfr fonzksg* dk vijk/k yxkdj U;k; dk ukVd [ksyk tk pqdk FkkA*
U;k;k/kh'k us ns'kHkDr dks D;k vkKk lqukbZ&
¼d½ og ns'knzksg ds vijk/k esa i'pkÙkki djsA
¼[k½ og ^lezkV dh t;* cksysA
¼x½ og lezkV dh t; cksydj i'pkÙkki djsA
¼?k½ og e`R;q ;k lezkV & HkfDr nksuksa esa ls ,d ekxZ pqusA ¼ ½
3- iaprRo dk iqryk fdls dgk x;k gS&
¼d½ ioZr ¼[k½ lkxj
¼x½ ekuo ¼?k½ i{kh ¼ ½
4- ns'kHkDr ds Li'kZ ls dkSu lk vHkkxk LFky ifo= gks tkrk gS&
¼d½ egy ¼[k½ dkjkxkj
¼x½ pjkxkg ¼?k½ >ksaiM+k ¼ ½

y?kw Ù kjkRed iz ' u&

1- ^D;k fQj fdlh ls uke prqjkuu iS pwdrs pys x;sA fy[kokus dk fopkj gS \* czãk.kh us
fo/kkrk dh fdl ckr ij ;g O;aX;ksfä dh \
2- fo/kkrk izse&xn~xn~ gksdj czãk.kh ls cksys & ^^ns[krh gks] ns'kHkDr ds pj.k&Li'kZ ls vHkkxk
dkjkxkj vius dks LoxZ le> jgk gSA** ;gk¡ dkjkxkj dks mxz th us vHkkxk D;ksa dgk \
3- ftl fnu ns'kHkDr ds thou dk vfUre i`"B fy[kk tkus okyk Fkk & ml fnu LoxZ&yksd esa
vkuUn dk vikj ikjkokj D;ksa meM+ jgk Fkk \
4- rqe viuk dke djks] eq>ls i'pkÙkki djkus dh vk'kk O;FkZ gSA dgrs le; ns'kHkDr ds eu%
fLFkr ladYi dks Li"V dhft,A
5- ^vPNh ckr gS] bl le; fpÙk Hkh izlUu gSA fdlh ls ekuo&l`f"V dh vko';d lkexzh ;gha
e¡xokvksA* fo/kkrk ds vuqlkj os vko';d lkefxz;k¡ dkSu lh gSa \
33
fuca / kkRed iz ' u&

1- ^^le>hA ns[krh gw¡] rqEgkjh vknr Hkh dfy;qxh cw<+ksa&lh gqbZ tk jgh gSA** bl dFku ls cw<ksa
ds fdu y{k.kksa dh vksj /;ku vkd`"V fd;k tk jgk gS \
2- bl dgkuh esa ftl jke&d`".kkfn egkiq#"kksa dks mn~/k`r fd;k x;k gS] muds yksd&fgrdkjh
drZO;ksa ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh dhft,A
3- ^iaprRo ds ,d iqrys dks vR;kpkj ds mikldksa us rksi ls mM+k fn;kA* nsorkvksa ij bl cfynku
dh D;k izfrfØ;k gqbZ vkSj D;ksa \
4- ^vPNk lqu yks! blds HkkX; esa fy[kh tk jgh gS Hk;adj nfjnzrk] nq%[k] fpUrk vkSj bldh vk;q
gksxh chl o"kksaZ dhA* ns'kHkfDr ds bl d"Vlk/; thou&n'kZu ij vius fopkj lkS 'kCnksa esa izdV
dhft,A

*****

34
 rkbZ
&fo'oEHkjukFk 'kekZ **dkS f 'kd**

ys [ kd&ifjp;
mnwZ ls fgUnh esa vkus okys ys[kdksa esa fo'oEHkjukFk 'kekZ *dkSf'kd* vius le; ds mYys[kuh;
dgkuhdkj gSaA mudh izFke dgkuh *j{kkcU/ku* lu~ 1913 esa izdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA os izsepUn dh ijEijk
ds dgkuhdkj gSa rFkk lekt&lq/kkj dks mUgkssaus viuh dgkfu;ksa dk dF; cuk;kA mudh dgkfu;ksa
dh 'kSyh vR;Ur ljy] ljl vkSj jkspd gSA mudh gkL;&O;aX;iw.kZ dgkfu;k¡ *pk¡n* esa *nqct s h dh fpðh*
ds :i esa izdkf'kr gqbZ FkhaA mUgkssaus yxHkx 300 dgkfu;k¡ fy[kha rFkk *j{kkcU/ku*] *dYieafnj*]
*fp=dyk* muds izeq[k dgkuh&laxzg gSaA
dkSf'kd th dh dgkfu;ksa esa ?kjsyw thou dh leL;kvksa vkSj muds lek/kku dk lQy iz;kl
feyrk gSA mudh Hkk"kk ljy] lkQ vkSj vkstLoh gSA mudh dgkfu;ksa ds ik= gekjs thou ds
thrs&tkxrs yksx gSaA os fLFkfr;ksa dk ekfeZd fp=.k djus esa cgqr lQy gq, gSaA
ikB&ifjp;
*rkbZ* dkSf'kd th dh ,d izfl) dgkuh gS rFkk bl dgkuh dh fxurh fgUnh dh Js"B
dgkfu;ksa esa gksrh gSA ;g dgkuh ikfjokfjd lEcU/kksa dh folaxfr;ksa dks mtkxj djrh gSA ekufld
ladh.kZrk ls mRiUu bZ";kZ&}s"k cPpksa ds Lusge; lw=ksa ls fdl izdkj nwj gks tkrk gS] bl rF; dks cM+h
dq'kyrk ls bl dgkuh esa fpf=r fd;k x;k gSA jkethnkl dh iRuh jkes'ojh fu%larku gS] fdUrq
jkes'ojh dh fudVrk mlds nsoj ds cPpksa ls c<+rh tkrh gSA rkbZ jkes'ojh ds eu dh bZ";kZ dks ckyd
*euksgj* dk fu'Ny I;kj /kks nsrk gS vkSj jkes'ojh dk pfj= ,d mnkÙk efgyk ds :i esa ikBd ds
le{k mHkjrk gSA

**** ****

^*rkÅth] gesa ysyxkM+h ¼jsyxkM+h½ yk nksxs\**&dgrk gqvk ,d ik¡p o"khZ; ckyd ckcw
jkethnkl dh vksj nkSM+kA
ckcw lkgc us nksuksa ck¡gs QSykdj dgk& ^*gk¡ csVk] yk nsaxsA**
muds bruk dgrs gh ckyd muds fudV vk x;kA mUgksua s ckyd dks xksn esa mBk fy;k vkSj
mldk eq[k pwedj cksys& ^*D;k djsxk jsyxkM+h dk \**
 ckyd cksyk& *^mNesa cSBdj cM+h nwj tk;sx a As ge Hkh tk;sxa ]s pqUuh dks Hkh ys tk;sx
a As ckcwth
dks ugha ys tk;saxsA gesa ysyxkM+h ugha yk nsrsA rkÅth] rqe yk nksxs rks rqEgsa ys tk;saxsA**
ckcw& ^*vkSj fdls ys tk;sxk \**
ckyd ne&Hkj lkspdj cksyk& ^*cN] vkSy fdlh dks ugha ys tk;saxsA**
Ikkl gh ckcw jkethnkl dh v/kkZfa xuh cSBh FkhaA ckcw lkgc us mudh vksj b'kkjk djds dgk&
*vkSj viuh rkbZ dks ugha ys tk;sxk \*
ckyd dqN nsj rd viuh rkbZ dh vksj ns[krk jgkA rkbZth ml le; dqN fp<+h gqbZ&lh
cSBh FkhA ckyd dks muds eq[k ds ;g Hkko vPNs ugha yxsA vr,o og cksyk& *^rkbZ dks ugha ys
tk;sx a As **
rkbZth lqikjh dkVrh gqbZ cksyh&*^vius rkÅ dks gh ys tkA esjs Åij n;k j[kA**
rkbZ us ;g ckr cM+h #[kkbZ ds lkFk dghA ckyd rkbZ ds 'kq"d O;ogkj dks rqjUr rkM+ x;kA
ckcw lkgc us iwNk&*^rkbZ dks D;ksa ugha ys tk;sxk\**
ckyd& *^rkbZ gesa I;ky ugha dyrhA**
ckcw& ^^tks I;kj djs rks ys tk;sxk\**
ckyd dks blesa lUnsg FkkA rkbZ dk Hkko ns[kdj mls ;g vk'kk ugha Fkh fd og I;kj djsxhA
blls ckyd ekSu jgkA
ckcw lkgc us fQj iwNk& *^D;ksa js] cksyrk ugha \ rkbZ I;kj djs rks] jsy ij fcBkdj ys
tk;sxk \**
ckyd us rkÅ dks izlUu djus ds fy, dsoy flj fgykdj Lohdkj dj fy;k] ijUrq eq[k ls
dqN ugha dgkA
ckcw lkgc mls viuh v/kkZafxuh ds ikl ys tkdj muls cksys&^*yks] bls I;kj dj yks] ;g
rqEgsa Hkh ys tk;sxkA** ijUrq cPps dh rkbZ Jherh jkes'ojh dks ifr dh ;g pqgqyckth vPNh u yxhA
og rquddj cksyh& *^rqEgha jsy ij cSBdj tkvks] eq>s ugha tkuk gSA**
ckcw lkgc us jkes'ojh dh ckr ij /;ku ugha fn;kA cPps dks mudh xksn esa fcBkus dh ps"Vk
djrs gq, cksys& ^*I;kj ugha djksxh rks jsy esa ugha cSBk;sxk& D;ksa js euksgj\**
euksgj us rkÅ dh ckr dk mÙkj ugha fn;kA m/kj rkbZ us euksgj dks /kdsy fn;kA euksgj
uhps fxj iM+kA 'kjhj esa pksV ugha yxh] eu esa yxhA ckyd jks iM+kA
ckcw lkgc us ckyd dks xksn esa mBk fy;k] pwedj&iqpdkjdj pqi fd;k vkSj mls dqN iSls
rFkk jsyxkM+h nsus dk opu nsdj NksM+ fn;kA ckyd euksgj Hkkoiw.kZ n`f"V ls viuh rkbZ dh vksj rkdrk
gqvk ml LFkku ls pyk x;kA
euksgj ds pys tkus ij ckcw jkethnkl jkes'ojh ls cksy& s ^*rqEgkjk ;g dSlk O;ogkj gS\ cPps
dks <dsy fn;k] tks mlds pksV yx tkrh rks\**
jkes'ojh eq¡g yVdkdj cksyh&*^ yx tkrh rks vPNk gksrkA D;ksa esjh [kksiM+h ij ykns nsrs Fks\
vki gh rks mls esjs Åij Mkyrs Fks vkSj vc vki gh ,slh ckrsa djrs gSaA**
ckcw lkgc dq<+dj cksys& *^blh dks [kksiM+h ij yknuk dgrs gSa\**
jkes'ojh&^* vkSj ugha fdls dgrs gSa \ rqEgsa rks vius vkxs vkSj fdlh dk nq%[k&lq[k lw>rk
gh ughaA u tkus dc fdldk th dSlk gksrk gS] rqEgsa bu ckrksa dh dqN ijokg gh ughaA viuh pqgqy
36
ls dke gSA**
ckcw&*^cPpksa dh I;kjh&I;kjh ckrsa lqudj rks pkgs tSlk th gks] izlUu gks tkrk gSA exj
rqEgkjk ân; u tkus fdl /kkrq dk cuk gqvk gSA(
jkes'ojh& ^*rqEgkjk gks tkrk gksxkA vkSj gksus dks gksrk Hkh gS] exj oSlk cPpk Hkh rks gksA ijk;s
/ku ls Hkh dgha ?kj Hkjrk gSA**
ckcw lkgc dqN nsj pqi jgdj cksy& s ^*;fn viuk lxk Hkrhtk Hkh ijk;k /ku dgk tk ldrk
gS rks fQj eSa ugha le>rk fd viuk /ku fdls dgsaxs\**
jkes'ojh dqN mÙksftr gksdj cksyha& ^*ckrsa cukuk cgqr vkrk gSA rqEgkjk Hkrhtk gS] rqe pkgs
tks le>ks] ij eq>s ;s ckrsa vPNh ugha yxrhaA gekjs Hkkx QwVs gSa ugha rks ;s fnu dkgs dks ns[kus iM+rAs
rqEgkjk pyu rks nqfu;k ls fujkyk gSA vkneh lUrku ds fy, tkus D;k&D;k djrs gS& a iwtk&ikB djkrs
gSa] ozr j[krs gSa] ij rqEgsa bu ckrksa ls D;k dke \ jkr&fnu HkkbZ&Hkrhtksa esa exu jgrs gksA**
ckcw lkgc ds eq[k ij ?k`.kk dk Hkko >yd vk;kA mUgksaus dgk& ^*iwtk&ikB lc <dkslyk
gSA tks oLrq HkkX; esa ugha] og iwtk&ikB ls dHkh izkIr ugha gks ldrhA esjk ;g vVy fo'okl gSA**
Jherhth dqN #vk¡ls Loj esa cksyha& *^blh fo'okl us rks lc pkSiV dj j[kk gSA ,sls gh
fo'okl ij lc cSB tk;sa rks dke dSls pys \ lc fo'okl ij gh cSBs jgsa] rks vkneh dkgs dks fdlh
ckr ds fy, ps"Vk djsA**
ckcw lkgc us lkspk fd ew[kZ L=h ds eq¡g yxuk Bhd ughaA vr,o og L=h dh ckr dk dqN
mÙkj u nsdj ogk¡ ls Vy x;sA
¼2½
ckcw jkethnkl /kuh vkneh gSaA diM+s dh vk<+r dk dke djrs gSaA ysu&nsu Hkh gSA buds
,d NksVk HkkbZ gSA mldk uke gS] d`".knklA nksuksa Hkkb;ksa dk ifjokj ,d gh esa gSA ckcw jkethnkl
dh vk;q 35 o"kZ ds yxHkx gS vkSj NksVs HkkbZ d`".knkl dh 21 o"kZ ds yxHkxA jkethnkl fu%lUrku
gaSA d`".knkl ds nks lUrkusa gSA ,d iq=] ogh iq= ftlls ikBd ifjfpr gks pqds gSa& vkSj ,d dU;k
gSA dU;k dh vk;q 2 o"kZ ds yxHkx gSA
jkethnkl vius NksVs HkkbZ vkSj mudh lUrku ij cM+k Lusg j[krs gSa& ,slk Lusg fd muds
izHkko ls mUgsa viuh lUrkughurk dHkh [kVdrh gh ughaA NksVs HkkbZ dh lUrku dks os viuh gh lUrku
le>rs gSaA nksuksa cPps Hkh jkethnkl ls brus fgys gSa fd mUgsa vius firk ls Hkh vf/kd le>rs gSaA
ijUrq jkethnkl dh iRuh jkes'ojh dks viuh lUrkughurk dk cM+k nq%[k gSA og jkr&fnu
lUrku gh ds lksp esa ?kqyk djrh gSaA NksVs HkkbZ dh lUrku ij ifr dk izse mudh vk¡[kksa esa dk¡Vs dh
rjg [kVdrk gSA
jkr dks Hkkstu bR;kfn ls fuo`Ùk gksdj jkethnkl 'kS;k ij ysVs gq, 'khry vkSj eUn ok;q dk
vkuUn ys jgs FksA ikl gh nwljh 'kS;k ij jkes'ojh gFksyh ij flj j[ks] fdlh fpUrk esa Mwch gqbZ FkhA
nksuksa cPps vHkh ckcw lkgc ds ikl ls mBdj viuh ek¡ ds ikl x;s FksA
ckcw lkgc us viuh L=h dh vksj djoV ysdj dgk&^*vkt rqeus euksgj dks bl cqjh rjg
ls <dsyk Fkk fd eq>s vc rd mldk nq%[k gS] dHkh&dHkh rks rqEgkjk O;ogkj fcYdqy gh vekuqf"kd
gks mBrk gSA**
jkes'ojh cksyh& *^rqEgha us ,slk cuk j[kk gSA ml fnu ml if.Mr us dgk Fkk fd ge nksuksa
37
ds tUe&i= esa lUrku dk ;ksx gS vkSj mik; djus ij lUrku gks Hkh ldrh gS( mlus mik; Hkh crk;s
Fks] ij rqeus muesa ls ,d Hkh mik; djds u ns[kkA cl] rqe rks bUgha nksuksa esa exu gksA rqEgkjh bl
ckr ls jkr&fnu esjk dystk lqyxrk jgrk gSA vkneh mik; rks djds ns[krk gSA fQj gksuk u gksuk
rks Hkxoku ds v/khu gSA**
ckcw lkgc g¡ldj cksys& ^*rqEgkjh tSlh lh/kh L=h Hkh ----- D;k dgw¡] rqe bu T;ksfrf"k;ksa dh
ckrksa ij fo'okl djrh gks] tks nqfu;k&Hkj ds >wBs vkSj /kwrZ gSAa ;s >wB cksyus gh dh jksfV;k¡ [kkrs gSAa **
jkes'ojh rquddj cksyh& ^*rqEgsa rks lkjk lalkj >wBk gh fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA ;s iksFkh&iqjk.k Hkh
lc >wBs gSaA if.Mr dqN viuh rjQ ls rks cukdj dgrs ugha gSa] 'kkL= esa tks fy[kk gS] ogh os Hkh
dgrs gSaA 'kkL= >wBk gS rks os Hkh >wBs gSaA v¡xzsth D;k i<+h] vius vkxs fdlh dks fxurs gh ughaA tks
ckrsa cki&nknksa ds tekus ls pyh vkbZ gSa mUgsa Hkh >wBk crkrs gSaA**
ckcw lkgc&^*rqe le>rh rks gks ugha] viuh gh vksVs tkrh gksA eSa ;g ugha dgrk fd
T;ksfr"k&'kkL= >wBk gSA lEHko gS og lPpk gksA ijUrq T;ksfrf"k;ksa esa vf/kdka'k >wBs gksrs gSaA mUgsa
T;ksfr"k dk iw.kZ Kku rks gksrk ugha] nks&,d NksVh&eksVh iqLrdsa i<+dj T;ksfr"kh cu cSBrs gSa vkSj yksxksa
dks Bxrs&fQjrs gSaA ,slh n'kk esa mu ij dSls fo'okl fd;k tk ldrk gS\**
jkes'ojh& ^*gw¡] lc >wBs gh gSaA rqEgh ,d lPps gksA vPNk ,d ckr iwNrh gw¡] Hkyk rqEgkjs th
esa lUrku dh bPNk D;k dHkh ugha gksrh\**
bl ckj jkes'ojh us ckcw lkgc ds ân; dk dksey LFkku idM+kA og dqN nsj pqi jgsA
rRi'pkr~ ,d yEch lk¡l ysdj cksys& *Hkyk ,slk dkSu euq"; gksxk] ftlds ân; esa lUrku dk eq[k
ns[kus dh bPNk u gks\ ijUrq fd;k D;k tk; \ tc ugha gS vkSj u gksus dh vk'kk gS] rc mlds fy,
O;FkZ fpUrk djus ls D;k ykHk \ blds flok] tks ckr viuh lUrku ls gksrh gS] ogh HkkbZ dh lUrku
ls gks jgh gSA ftruk Lusg viuh ij gksrk mruk gh bu ij Hkh gSA tks vkuUn mudh cky&ØhM+k ls
vkrk] ogh budh ØhM+k ls Hkh vk jgk gSA fQj eSa ugha le>rk fd fpUrk D;ksa dh tk; \
jkes'ojh dqN dq<d + j cksyh& *^ rqEgkjh le> dks D;k dgw¡A blh ls rks jkr&fnu tyk djrh
gw¡A Hkyk ;g rks crkvks fd gekjs ihNs D;k bUgha ls rqEgkjk uke pysxk \**
ckcw lkgc g¡ldj cksys& ^*vjs rqe Hkh dgk¡ dh iksp ckrsa ykbZaA uke lUrku ls ugha pyrkA
uke viuh lqdf` r ls pyrk gSA rqylhnkl dks ns'k dk cPpk&cPpk tkurk gSA lwjnkl dks ejs fdrus
fnu gks pqdsA blh izdkj fdrus egkRek gks x;s gS]a mu lcdk uke D;k mudh lUrku gh dh cnkSyr
py jgk gS\ lp iwNks] rks lUrku ls ftruh uke pyus dh vk'kk jgrh gS mruh uke Mwc tkus dh
lEHkkouk jgrh gSA ijUrq lqd`fr ,d ,slh oLrq gS] ftlds uke c<+us ds flok ?kVus dh vk'kadk jgrh
gh ughaA gekjs 'kgj esa jk; fxj/kkjh yky fdrus ukeh vkneh FksA muds lUrku dgk¡ gS \ ij mudh
/keZ'kkyk vkSj vukFkky; ls mudk uke vc rd pyk vk jgk gS] vkSj vHkh u tkus fdrus fnuksa rd
pyrk tk;sxkA**
jkes'ojh& ^*'kkL= esa fy[kk gS] ftlds iq= ugha gksrk] mldh eqfDr ugha gksrhA**
ckcw& *^eqfDr ij eq>s fo'okl gh ughaA eqfDRk gS fdl fpfM+;k dk uke \ ;fn eqfDr gksuk
eku fy;k tk;] rks ;g dSls ekuk tk ldrk gS fd lc iq=okuksa dh eqfDr gks tkrh gS \ eqfDr dk
Hkh D;k lgt mik; gS! ;s ftrus iq= okys gSa] lHkh dh rks eqfDr gks tkrh gksxh \**
jkes'ojh fu#Ùkj gksdj cksyh& *^vc rqels dkSu viokn djsA rqe rks vius lkeus fdlh dks
38
ekurs gh ughaA**
¼3½
euq"; dk ân; cM+k eeRo&izseh gSA dSlh gh mi;ksxh vkSj fdruh gh lqUnj oLrq D;ksa u gks]
tc rd euq"; mldks ijkbZ le>rk gS] rc rd mlls izes ugha djrkA fdUrq Hkíh&ls&Hkíh vkSj dke
u vkus okyh oLrq dks Hkh ;fn euq"; viuh le>rk gS] rks mlls izse djrk gSA ijkbZ oLrq fdruh gh
ewY;oku D;ksa u gks] fdruh gh mi;ksxh D;ksa u gks] fdruh gh lqUnj D;ksa u gks] mlds u"V gksus ij
euq"; dqN Hkh nq %[k dk vuqHko ugha djrk] blfy, fd og oLrq mldh ugha ijkbZ gSA viuh oLrq
fdruh gh Hkíh gks] dke esa u vkus okyh gks] mlds u"V gksus ij euq"; dks nq%[k gksrk gS] blfy, fd
og viuh pht gSA dHkh&dHkh ,slk Hkh gksrk gS fd euq"; ijkbZ pht ls izse djus yxrk gSA ,slh
n'kk esa tc rd euq"; ml oLrq dks viuh cukdj ugha NksM+rk vFkok vius ân; esa Hkh tc rd ;g
fopkj n`<+ ugha dj ysrk fd og oLrq esjh gS] rc rd mls lUrks"k ugha gksrkA eeRo ls izse mRiUu
gksrk gS] izes ls eeRoA bu nksuksa dk lkFk pksyh&nkeu dk&lk gSA ;s dHkh i`Fkd~ ugha fd;s tk ldrsA
;|fi jkes'ojh dks ekrk cuus dk lkSHkkX; izkIr ugha gqvk Fkk rFkkfi mudk ân; ,d ekrk
dk ân; cuus dh iwjh ;ksX;rk j[krk FkkA muds ân; esa os xq.k fo|eku rFkk vUrfuZfgr Fks] tks ,d
ekrk ds ân; esa gksrs gS]a ijUrq mudk fodkl ugha gqvk FkkA mudk ân; ml Hkwfe dh rjg Fkk] ftlesa
cht rks iM+k Fkk] ij mldks lhapdj vkSj bl izdkj cht dks izLQqfVr djds Hkwfe ds Åij ykus okyk
dksbZ ughaA blfy, mudk ân; mu cPpksa dh vksj f[kaprk rks Fkk] ijUrq tc mUgsa /;ku vkrk Fkk fd
;s esjs cPps ugha] nwljs ds gSa] rc muds ân; esa muds izfr }s"k mRiUu gksrk Fkk] ?k`.kk iSnk gksrh FkhA
fo'ks"kdj ml le; muds }s"k dh ek=k vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrh Fkh tc os ns[krh Fkha fd muds ifrnso mu
cPpksas ij izk.k nsrs gSa] tks muds ¼jkes'ojh ds½ ugha gSaA
'kke dk le; FkkA jkes'ojh [kqyh Nr ij cSBh gok [kk jgh FkhA ikl gh mudh nsojkuh Hkh
cSBh FkhA nksuksa cPps Nr ij nkSM+dj [ksy jgs FksA jkes'ojh muds [ksyksa dks ns[k jgh FkhA bl le;
jkes'ojh dks cPpksa dk [ksyuk&dwnuk cM+k Hkyk ekywe gks jgk FkkA gok esa mM+rs gq, muds cky] dey
dh rjg f[kys gq, muds uUgs&uUgsa eq[k] mudh I;kjh&I;kjh rksryh ckrs]a mudk fpYykuk] Hkkxuk] ykSV
tkuk bR;kfn ØhM+k,¡ muds ân; dks 'khry dj jgh FkhaA lglk euksgj viuh cgu dks ekjus nkSM+kA
og f[kyf[kykrh gqbZ nkSM+dj jkes'ojh dh xksn esa tk fxjhA mlds ihNs&ihNs euksgj Hkh nkSM+k gqvk
vk;k] vkSj og Hkh mUgha dh xksn esa tk fxjkA jkes'ojh ml le; lkjk }s"k Hkwy xbZA mUgksua s nksuksa cPpksa
dks mlh izdkj ân; ls yxk fy;k] ftl izdkj og euq"; yxkrk gS] tks fd cPpksa ds fy, rjl jgk
gksA mUgksua s cM+h lr`".krk ls nksuksa dks I;kj fd;kA ml le; ;fn dksbZ vifjfpr mUgsa ns[krk] rks mls
;gh fo'okl gksrk fd jkes'ojh mu cPpksa dh ekrk gSA
nksuksa cPps cM+h nsj rd mudh xksn esa [ksyrs jgsA lglk mlh le; fdlh ds vkus dh vkgV
ikdj cPpksa dh ekrk ogk¡ ls mBdj pyh xbZA
*^euksgj] ys jsyxkM+hA** dgrs gq, ckcw jkethnkl Nr ij vk;s mudk Loj lqurs gh nksuksa cPps
jkes'ojh dh xksn ls rM+idj fudy HkkxsA jkethnkl us igys mu nksuksa dks [kwc I;kj fd;k fQj
cSBdj jsyxkM+h fn[kkus yxsA
b/kj jkes'ojh dh uhan VwVhA ifr dks cPpksa esa exu gksrs ns[kdj mudh Hkosa ru xbZaA cPpksa
ds izfr fQj ogh ?k`.kk vkSj }s"k dk Hkko tkx mBkA
39
 cPpksa dks jsyxkM+h nsdj ckcw lkgc jkes'ojh ds ikl vk;s] vkSj eqLdjkdj cksys& ^*vkt rks
rqe cPpksa dks cM+k I;kj dj jgh FkhaA blls ekywe gksrk gS fd rqEgkjs ân; esa Hkh buds izfr dqN izse
vo'; gSA**
jkes'ojh dks ifr dh ;g ckr cqjh yxhA mUgsa viuh detksjh ij cM+k nq%[k gqvkA dsoy nq%[k
gh ugha vius Åij Øks/k Hkh vk;kA og nq%[k vkSj Øks/k ifr ds mDr okD; ls vkSj Hkh c<+ x;kA mudh
detksjh ifr ij izdV gks xbZ] ;g ckr muds fy, vlá gks mBhA
jkethnkl cksys& *^blfy, eSa dgrk gw¡ fd viuh lUrku ds fy, lksp djuk o`Fkk gSA ;fn
rqe buls izse djus yxks] rks rqEgsa ;s gh viuh lUrku izrhr gksus yxsaxsA eq>s bl ckr ls izlUurk gS
fd rqe buls Lusg djuk lh[k jgh gksA**
;g ckr ckcw lkgc us furkUr 'kq) ân; ls dgh Fkh] ijUrq jkes'ojh dks blesa O;aX; dh rh{.k
xU/k ekywe gqbAZ mUgksua s dq<d + j eu esa dgk& ^*bUgsa ekSr Hkh ugha vkrhA ej tk;s]a iki dVsA vkBksa izgj
vk¡[kksa ds lkeus jgus ls I;kj djus dks th yypk mBrk gSA buds ekjs dystk vkSj Hkh tyk djrk
gSA**
ckcw lkgc us iRuh dks ekSu ns[kdj dgk& ^*vc >saius ls D;k ykHk\ vius izse dks fNikuk
O;FkZ gSA fNikus dh vko';drk Hkh ughaA**
jkes'ojh tydj cksyha& ^*eq>s D;k iM+h] tks eSa izes d:¡xh\ rqEgha dks eqckjd gksA fuxksMs+ vki
gh vk&vkdj ?kqlrs gSaA ,d ?kj esa jgus ls dHkh&dHkh g¡luk&cksyuk Hkh iM+rk gSA vHkh ijlksa tjk
;w¡ gh /kdsy fn;k] ml ij rqeus lSdM+ksa ckrsa lqukbZaA ladV esa izk.k gSa] u ;ksa pSu] u oksa pSuA**
ckcw lkgc dks iRuh ds ;s okD; lqudj cM+k Øks/k vk;kA mUgksaus ddZ'k Loj esa dgk& ^*u
tkus dSls ân; dh L=h gSA vHkh vPNh&[kklh cSBh cPpksa dks I;kj dj jgh FkhA esjs vkrs gh fxjfxV
dh rjg jax cnyus yxhA viuh bPNk ls pkgs tks djs] ij dgus ls cfYy;ksa mNyrh gSA u tkus]
esjh ckrksas esa dkSu&lk fo"k ?kqyk gSA ;fn esjk dguk gh cqjk ekywe gksrk gS] rks u dgk d:¡xkA bruk
;kn j[kks fd vc tks dHkh buds fo"k; esa fuxksM+s&flxksM+s dgk rks vPNk u gksxkA rqels eq>s cPps
dgha vf/kd I;kjs gSaA**
jkes'ojh us bldk dksbZ mRrj u fn;kA vius {kksHk rFkk Øks/k dks og vk¡[kksa }kjk fudkyus
yxhaA
tSl& s gh&tSls ckcw jkethnkl dk Lusg nksuksa cPpksa ij c<+rk tkrk FkkA oSl& s gh&oSls jkes'ojh
ds }s"k vkSj ?k`.kk dh ek=k Hkh c<+rh tkrh FkhA izk;% cPpksa ds ihNs ifr&iRuh esa dgk&lquh gks tkrh
Fkh] vkSj jkes'ojh dks ifr ds dVq opu lquus iM+rs FksA tc jkes'ojh us ;g ns[kk fd cPpksa ds dkj.k
og ifr dh utjksa esa fxjrh tk jgh gS]a rc muds ân; esa cM+k rwQku mBkA mUgksua s lkspk& ijk;s cPpksa
ds ihNs ;g eq>ls izse de djrs tkrs gSa] eq>s gj le; cqjk&Hkyk dgk djrs gSaA buds fy, cPps gh
lc dqN gSa] eSa dqN Hkh ughaA nqfu;k ejrh tkrh gS] ij bu nksuksa dks ekSr ughaA ;s iSnk gksrs gh D;ksa
u ej x;s\ u gkssrs] u eq>s ;s fnu ns[kus iM+rsA ftl fnu ;s ejsaxs] ml fnu ?kh ds fpjkx tykšxhA
bUgksaus gh esjk ?kj lR;kuk'k dj j[kk gSA
blh izdkj dqN fnu O;rhr gq,A ,d fnu fu;ekuqlkj jkes'ojh Nr ij vdsyh cSBh gqbZ FkhA
muds ân; esa vusd fopkj vk jgs FksA fopkj vkSj dqN ugha] ogh viuh fut dh lUrku dk vHkko]
ifr dk HkkbZ dh lUrku ds izfr vuqjkx bR;kfnA dqN nsj ckn muds fopkj Lo;a d"Vnk;d izrhr
40
gksus yxsA rc og viuk /;ku nwljh vksj yxkus ds fy, mBdj Vgyus yxhA
og Vgy jgh Fkh fd euksgj nkSM+rk gqvk vk;kA euksgj dks ns[kdj mudh Hk`dqVh p<+ xbZ
vkSj og Nr dh pkjnhokjh ij gkFk j[kdj [kM+h gks xbZaA
lU/;k dk le; FkkA vkdk'k esa jax&fcjaxh iraxsa mM+ jgh FkhaA euksgj dqN nsj rd [kM+k
iraxksa dks ns[krk vkSj lksprk jgk fd dksbZ irax dVdj mldh Nr ij fxjs] rks D;k vkuUn vk;sA
nsj rd irax fxjus dh vk'kk djus ds ckn og nkSM+dj jkes'ojh ds ikl vk;k vkSj mldh Vk¡xksa ls
fyiVdj cksyk&^*rkbZ] gesa irax e¡xk nksA** jkes'ojh us f>M+ddj dgk&^*py gV] vius rkÅ ls ek¡x
tkdjA**
euksgj vizfrHk gksdj fQj vkdk'k dh vksj rkdus yxkA FkksM+h nsj ckn mlls fQj u jgk
x;kA bl ckj mlus cM+s ykM+ esa vkdj vR;Ur d#.k Loj esa dgk& ^*rkbZ irax e¡xk nks( ge Hkh
mMk;sx a As **
bl ckj mldh Hkksyh izkFkZuk ls jkes'ojh dk dystk dqN ilht x;kA og dqN nsj rd
mldh vksj fLFkj n`f"V ls ns[krh jghaA fQj mUgksua s ,d yEch lk¡l ysdj eu&gh&eu dgk] *;fn ;g
esjk iq= gksrk rks vkt eq>ls c<+dj HkkX;oku L=h lalkj esa nwljh u gksrhA fuxksMk+ &ejk fdruk lqUnj
gS] vkSj dSlh I;kjh&I;kjh ckrsa djrk gSA ;gh th pkgrk gS fd mBkdj Nkrh ls yxk yw¡A
;g lkspdj og mlds flj ij gkFk Qsjus okyh gh Fkha fd euksgj mUgsa ekSu ns[kdj cksyk&
*^rqe gesa irax ugha e¡xok nksxh] rks rkÅth ls dgdj rqEgsa fiVok;saxsA**
;|fi cPps dh bl Hkksyh ckr esa Hkh cM+h e/kqjrk Fkh] rFkkfi jkes'ojh dk eq[k Øks/k ls yky
gks x;kA og mls f>M+ddj cksyha&*^tk dg ns vius rkÅ lsA ns[kw¡] og esjk D;k dj ysaxs\**
euksgj Hk;Hkhr gksdj muds ikl ls gV vk;k vkSj lr`".k us=ksa ls vkdk'k esa mM+rh gqbZ iraxksa
dks ns[kus yxkA
b/kj jkes'ojh us lkspk&*^;g lc rkÅ dk nqykj gS fd ckfy'r&Hkj dk yM+dk eq>s /kedrk
gSA bZ'oj djs] bl nqykj ij fctyh VwVsA**
mlh le; vkdk'k ls ,d irax dVdj mlh Nr dh vksj vkbZ] vkSj jkes'ojh ds Åij ls
gksdj NTts dh vksj xbZA Nr ds pkjksa vksj pkjnhokjh FkhA tgk¡ jkes'ojh [kM+h gqbZ Fkha] dsoy ogk¡
,d }kj Fkk] ftlls NTts ij vk&tk ldrs FksA jkes'ojh bl }kj ls lVdj [kM+h FkhaA euksgj us irax
dks NTts ij tkrs ns[kkA irax idM+us ds fy, og nkSM+dj NTts dh vksj pyk x;k vkSj muls
¼jkes'ojh ls½ nks QhV dh nwjh ij [kM+k gksdj irax dks ns[kus yxkA jkes'ojh [kM+h ns[krh jghaA irax
NTts ij ls gksrh gqbZ uhps] ?kj ds vk¡xu esa tk fxjhA ,d iSj NTts dh eq¡Msj ij j[kdj euksgj us
uhps vk¡xu esa >k¡dk vkSj irax dks vk¡xu esa fxjrs ns[kdj izlUurk ds ekjs Qwyk u lek;kA og uhps
tkus ds fy, 'kh?kzrk ls ?kwek( ijUrq ?kwers le; eq¡Msj ls mldk iSj fQly x;kA og uhps dh vksj
pykA uhps tkrs&tkrs mlds nksuksa gkFkksa esa eq¡Msj vk xbZA og mls idM+dj yVd x;k vkSj jkes'ojh
dh vksj ns[kdj fpYyk;k& *^rkbZ!** jkes'ojh us /kM+drs ân; ls ?kVuk dks ns[kkA muds eu esa vk;k
fd vPNk gS] ejus nks] lnk dk iki dV tk;sxkA ;gh lkspdj og ,d {k.k ds fy, #dha] m/kj euksgj
ds gkFk eq¡Msj ij ls fQlyus yxsA og vR;Ur Hk; vkSj d#.k us=ksa ls jkes'ojh dh vksj ns[kdj
fpYyk;k& ^*vjh rkbZ!** euksgj dh vk¡[ksa jkes'ojh dh vk¡[kksa ls feyhaA euksgj dh og d#.k n`f"V
ns[kdj jkes'ojh dk dystk e¡qg dks vk x;kA mUgksua s O;kdqy gksdj euksgj dks idM+us ds fy, viuk
41
gkFk c<+k;kA mudk gkFk euksgj ds gkFk rd igq¡pk Hkh ugha Fkk fd euksgj ds gkFk ls eq¡Msj NwV xbZA
og uhps tk fxjkA jkes'ojh ph[k ekjdj NTts ij fxj iM+haA
jkes'ojh ,d lIrkg rd cq[kkj esa iM+h jghA dHkh&dHkh og tksjksa ls fpYyk mBrha vkSj
dgrha& *^ns[kks&ns[kks] og fxjk tk jgk gS& mls cpkvks& nkSM+ks& esjs euksgj dks cpk yksA** dHkh og
dgrha& ^*csVk euksgj] eSaus rq>s ugha cpk;kA gk¡&gk¡] eSa pkgrh rks cpk ldrh Fkh& eSaus nsj dj nhA**
euksgj dh Vk¡x m[kM+ xbZ FkhA Vk¡x fcBk nh xbZA og Øe'k% fQj viuh gkyr ij vkus yxkA
,d lIrkg ckn jkes'ojh dk Toj de gqvkA vPNh rjg gks vkus ij mUgksaus iwNk& ^*euksgj
dSlk gS\**
jkethnkl us mÙkj fn;k& ^*vPNk gSA**
jkes'ojh& ^*mls esjs ikl ykvksA**
euksgj jkes'ojh ds ikl yk;k x;kA jkes'ojh us mls I;kj ls ân; ls yxk;kA vk¡[kksa ls
vk¡lqvksa dh >M+h yx xbZA fgpfd;ksa ls xyk #¡/k x;kA
jkes'ojh dqN fnuksa ds ckn iw.kZ LoLFk gks xbZA vc og euksgj dh cgu pqUuh ls Hkh }s"k vkSj
?k`.kk ugha djrha vkSj euksgj rks vc mudk izk.kk/kkj gks x;kA mlds fcuk mUgsa ,d {k.k Hkh pSu ugha
iM+rhA
'kCnkFkZ &
pqgqy& etkd] vk<+r& Fkksd O;kikj] vekuqf"kd& vekuoh;]
vksVs tkuk& dgs tkuk] iksp&detksj] lqd`fr& ln~dk;Z]
eeRo&eerk] vUrfuZfgr& fNik gqvk] ps"Vk&bPNk]
mÙksftr&Øksf/kr] fo|eku& ekStnw ] izLQqfVr& fudyuk]
}s"k& nqHkkZouk r`".kk& ykylk] rh{.k& rst]
dq<d+ j& fp<+dj] o`Fkk& O;FkZ] ddZ'k& dBksj ok.kh]
vizfrHk& ewd] mŸkj jfgrA
oLrqfu"B iz'u&
1- ifr dks cPpksa esa exu gksrs ns[kdj mudh Hkosa ru xbZaA fdldh Hkosa ru xbZa&
¼d½ ckcw lkgc ¼[k½ euksgj dh ek¡
¼x½ jkes'ojh dh ¼?k½ bues ls dksbZ ugha ¼ ½
2- jkes'ojh ds eu esa ,d vHkko ges'kk [kVdrk FkkA og D;k Fkk&
¼d½ /ku dk ¼[k½ larku dk
¼x½ ?kj dk ¼?k½ ifr dk ¼ ½
vfry?kw Ù kjkRed iz ' u&
1- rkÅth gesa ysyxkM+h ¼jsyxkM+h½ yk nksxsA ;g fdlus vkSj fdlls dgk \
2- ,d ckj jkes'ojh us ckcw lkgc ds ân; dk dksey LFkku idM+kA ckcw lkgc ds ân; dk dksey
Hkko D;k Fkk \
42
3- dgkuh esa ckcw lkgc dk iwjk uke D;k gS \
y?kw Ù kjkRed iz ' u&
1- rkbZ dgkuh ds 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk Li"V dhft,A
2- fdl ?kVuk ls jkes'ojh dk ân; ifjorZu gqvk \ Li"V dhft,A
3- ckcw lkgc ds eq[k ij ?k`.kk dk Hkko >yd vk;kA ,slk D;ksa gqvk vkSj mUgkssaus D;k tckc
fn;k \
4- dHkh&dHkh rks rqEgkjk O;ogkj fcYdqy gh vekuqf"kd gks mBrk gSA ;g iafDr fdlus dgh vkSj
D;ksa dgh \
5- rkbZ dgkuh ls vkidks D;k izsj.kk feyrh gS \
fuca / kkRed iz ' u&
1- rkbZ dgkuh dh dFkk oLrq dk lkj fy[kdj mldh fo'ks"krkvksa ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
2- dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij jkes'ojh dk pfj=&fp=.k dhft,A
3- dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk Li"V dhft,A
4- *rkbZ dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij ckcw jkethnkl dh pfj=xr fo'ks"krkvksa dks Li"V dhft,A

*****

43
 ,Ve ce
&ve`ryky ukxj

ys [ kd&ifjp;
dgkuh o miU;kldkj ve`ryky ukxj dk tUe lu~ 1916 bZ- esa ,d xqtjkrh ukxj ifjokj
esa gqvkA vYik;q esa gh bu ij ifjokj dh lkjh ftEesnkfj;k¡ vk iM+ha ftlds dkj.k ;s fu;fer f'k{k.k
izkIr ugha dj lds] ijUrq thou ds vuqHkoksa ls bUgksaus [kwc lh[kkA yksd&ukV~;] iqjkrRo] fofHkUu
cksfy;k¡ vkSj Hkk"kk,¡ budh #fp ds fo'ks"k fo"k; jgs gSaA *mPN`a[ky*] *pdYyl*] *luhpj* vkfn dbZ
gkL; jl ds ekfld&ikf{kd&lkIrkfgd i= if=dkvksa ds ;s lEiknd Hkh jgsA ukSdjh buds ys[ku
esa ck/kk yxus yxh rks ukxj th us ukSdjh ls R;kxi= ns fn;k vkSj ys[ku dh vksj izo`Ùk gq;sA
ve`ryky ukxj izxfr'khy fopkjksa ds lkfgR;dkj gSA dgkfu;ksa ds vfrfjDr&miU;kl]
ukVd] fQYe flusfj;ks]a isjksMh+ vkfn fy[kdj bUgksua s ek¡ Hkkjrh ds HkaMkj dks le`) cuk;kA *egkdky*]
*;s dksBs okfy;k¡*] *cwan vkSj leqnz*] *lqgkx ds uwiqj* rFkk *'krjat ds eksgjs* buds izfl) miU;kl gSA
buds uohure miU;kl ^ve`r vkSj fo"k* ij lkfgR; vdkneh us iqjLdkj nsdj bUgsa lEekfur fd;k
gSA *,d fnu gtkj nkLrka*] *,Ve ce*] *ihiy dh ijh*] *okfVdk*] *vo'ks"k*] *uokch elun*] *rqykjke
'kkL=h* vkfn buds izfl) dgkuh&laxzg gSA ukxj th caxyk] ejkBh vkSj rfey Hkk"kk ds vPNs Kkrk
gSaA buls lEcfU/kr dbZ fgUnh vuqokn Hkh ukxj th dh lkfgR;&lsok ds fof'k"V vax gSA
ikB&ifjp;
*,Ve ce* dgkuh foKku] ;q) vkSj 'kkfUr dh f=os.kh ij vk/kkfjr ekuork ds ifjizs{; esa
le>us&ij[kus dh dgkuh gSA vkt fo'o dk izR;sd ekuo foKku dh miyfC/k;ksa dks vk'kadk dh
n`f"V ls ns[kus yxk gS D;ksfa d foKku ds fur&uohu vkfo"dkj ekuo ds fy, Qwy dh rjg thou dks
lkSjHk rktxh vkSj izlUurk nsus okyk de vkSj otz dh Hkk¡fr ihM+kdkjh vkSj fueZe vf/kd gSaA ;q)
dk vfuok;Z dkjd cudj og ekuork dks u"V djus ij mrk: gSA thou dh eerk vkSj d:.kk ds
L=ksr ladVxzLr gSaA bUgha laosnukvksa dks ukxj th us dksck;k'kh ds vuqHkwfrizo.k ân; }kjk ckj&ckj
mHkkjus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA
dgkuh dh i`"BHkwfe f}rh; fo'o ;q) dh og fo/oaldkjh yhyk gS ftlesa fgjksf'kek vkSj
ukxklkdh ds yk[kksa funksZ"k izkf.k;ksa dk thou gkse gks x;kA
dgkuh dk vUr vkLFkk vkSj thou&'kfDr dks osx nsus okyk gSA ulZ ds ;s 'kCn] *,Ve dh
'kfä ls gkj dj D;k ge bUlku vkSj bUlkfu;r dks ejrs ns[krs jgsx a \s foKku dh /oalkRed izo`fÙk;ksa
ij ekuo dh vnE; izk.k&psruk] vlhe fuekZ.k 'kfä] vfMx vkRe&fo'okl vkSj d#.k Hkkouk ds
fot;&fpUg gSaA
**** ****
psruk ykSVus yxhA lk¡l esa xa/kd dh rjg rst cncwnkj vkSj ne ?kqVkus okyh gok Hkjh gqbZ
FkhA dksck;k'kh us eglwl fd;k fd ce ds ml ?kkrd /kM+kds dh xw¡t vHkh Hkh mlds fny esa /k¡l
jgh gSA Hk; vHkh Hkh ml ij Nk;k gqvk gSA mldk fny tksj&tksj ls /kM+d jgk gSA mls lk¡l ysus
esa rdyhQ gksrh gS] mldh lk¡l cgqr Hkkjh vkSj /kheh py jgh gSA
gkjs gq;s dksck;k'kh dk ttZj eu bu nksuksa vuqHkoksa ls [kh>dj djkg mBkA mldk fny fQj
xQyr esa Mwcus yxkA gks'k esa vkus ds ckn] e`R;q ds iats ls NwV dj fudy tkus ij tks thounkf;uh
LQwfrZ vkSj 'kkfUr mls feyuh pkfg;s Fkh] mlds foijhr ;g vuqHko gksus ls Åcdj] ru vkSj eu dh
lkjh detksjh ds lkFk og fp<+ mBkA thou dksck;k'kh ds 'kjhj esa vius vfLrRo dks fl) djus ds
fy, fonzksg djus yxkA mlesa cy dk lapkj gqvkA
dksck;k'kh us vk¡[ksa [kksyhA xgjs dqgkls dh rjg ne ?kqVus okyk tgjhyk /kqvk¡ gj rjQ Nk;k
gqvk FkkA mlds Li'kZ ls dksck;k'kh dks vius jkse&jkse esa gtkjksa lqb;k¡ pqHkus dk&lk vuqHko gks jgk
FkkA jkse&jkse ls fpuxkfj;k¡ NwV jgh FkhaA mldh vk¡[kksa esa Hkh tyu gksus yxh] ikuh vk x;kA
dksck;k'kh us ?kcjkdj vk¡[ksa ehap yhaA
ysfdu vk¡[ksa cUn dj ysus ls rks vkSj Hkh T;knk ne ?kqVrk gSA dksck;k'kh ds izk.k ?kcjk mBsA
os dgha Hkh lqjf{kr u FksA ekSr v¡/ksjs dh rjg ml ij Nkus yxhA ;g ghukoLFkk dh ijkdk"Bk FkhA
dksck;k'kh dh vkRek jks mBhA gkjdj mlus fQj viuh vk¡[ksa [kksy nhaA gB ds lkFk og mUgsa [kksys
gh jgkA tgjhyk /kqvk¡ yky fepZ ds ikmMj dh rjg mldh vk¡[kksa esa Hkj jgk FkkA yk[k rdyhQ
gks( exj og nqfu;k¡ dks de ls de ns[k rks jgk gSA ce fxjus ds ckn Hkh nqfu;k¡ vHkh usLrukcwn ugha
gqbZ vk¡[ksa [kqyh jgus ij ;g rlYyh rks mls gks jgh gSA xnZu ?kqekdj mlus fgjksf'kek dh /kjrh dks
ns[kk] ftl ij og iM+k gqvk FkkA /kjrh ds fy, mlds eu esa eeRo tkx mBkA detksj gkFk vki
gh vki vkxs c<+dj vius uxj dh feêh dks Li'kZ djus dk lq[k vuqHko djus yxsA
-------------- eu dgha [kks;kA vius vUnj mls fdlh tcjnLr deh dk ,glkl gqvkA ;g
,glkl c<+rk gh x;kA vkUrfjd ân; ls lq[k dk vuqHko djrs gh dYiuk nq%[k dh vksj izsfjr gqbZA
Le`fr >dksys [kkus yxhA
psru&cqf) ij Nk;s gq;s Hk; ls cpus ds fy, vUrj&psruk dh fdlh ckr ij foLe`fr dk
eksVk inkZ iM+ jgk FkkA ekSr ds paxqy ls NwVdj fudy vkus ij] ikfFkZork dh cks>&Lo:i /kjrh ds
Li'kZ ls thou dks Li'kZ djus dk lq[k mls izkIr gqvk FkkA ijUrq Hkkouk mRiUu gksrs gh mlds lq[k
esa ?kqu yx x;sA Hk; us uhaosa Mxexk nhaA viuh vukLFkk dks nckus ds fy, og ckj&ckj tehu Nwrk
FkkA vUrj ds vfo'okl dks peRdkj dk :i nsrs gq;s] bl [kqyh txg esa iM+s jgus ds ckotwn vius
thfor cp tkus ds ckjs esa mls Hkxoku dh yhyk fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA
d#.kk lksrs dh rjg fny ls QwV fudyhA ijkt; ds vk¡lw bl rjg viuk :i cny dj
fny esa ?kqesM+s ys jgs FksA tgjhys /kq,¡ ds dkj.k vk¡[kksa esa Hkjs gq;s ikuh ds lkFk&lkFk os vk¡lw Hkh
?kqy&feydj xky ls <qydrs gq;s tehu ij Vidus yxsA
45
 csgks'k gksus ds dqN feuV igys mlus ftl izy; dks ns[kk Fkk] mldh fodjkyrk vius iwjs
otu ds lkFk dksck;k'kh dh Le`fr ij vk?kkr djds mlds VqdM+s&VqdM+s dj jgh FkhA og Bhd&Bhd
lksp ugha ik jgk Fkk fd tks n`'; mlus ns[kk] og lR; Fkk D;k\ ------------ /kM+kdk! tM+h cq[kkj dh
d¡id¡ih dh rjg tehu dk¡i mBh FkhA ce Fkk& nq'euksa dk gokbZ geykA gtkjksa yksx vius izk.kksa
dh iwjh 'kfä yxk dj ph[k mBs FksA ---------- dgk¡ gS os yksx\ oks izk.kkUrd ph[ksa] og vkrZukn tks ce
ds /kM+kds ls Hkh Å¡pk mB jgk FkkA og bl le; dgk¡ gS\ [kqn og bl le; dgk¡ gS\ vkSj ---------
---
dqN [kks nsus dk vglkl fQj gqvkA dksck;k'kh fopfyr gqvkA mlus djkgrs gq, djoV cny
dj mBus dh dksf'k'k dh] ysfdu mlesa fgyus dh Hkh rkc u FkhA mlus fQj viuh xnZu tehu ij
Mky nhA gok esa dkys&dkys tjsZ Hkjs gq;s FksA /kqvk¡] xehZ] tyu] I;kl& mldk gyd lw[kk tk jgk
FkkA cspSuh c<+ jgh FkhA og mBuk pkgrk FkkA mBdj og pkjksa rjQ ns[kuk pkgrk Fkk! D;k \ ;g
vLi"V FkkA mlds fnekx esa ,d nqfu;k¡ pDdj dkV jgh FkhA uxj] bekjrsa] tu&lewg ls Hkjh gqbZ
lM+dsa] vkrh&tkrh lokfj;k¡] eksVjsa] xkfM;k¡] lkbfdysa ----------- vkSj ------------- fnekx bu lHkh esa [kks;k
gqvk dqN <w¡< jgk Fkk( vVdk] exj QkSju gh c<+ x;kA thou ds iPphl o"kZ ftl okrkoj.k ls
vkReor~ ifjfpr vkSj ?kfu"V jgs Fks] og mlds fnekx dh LØhu ij pyrh&fQjrh rLohjksa dh rjg
izdV gks jgk FkkA ysfdu lc dqN vLi"V] feVk&feVk lk! dYiuk esa os fp= cM+h rsth ds lkFk >yd
fn[kkdj fc[kj tkrs FksA blls dksck;k'kh dk eu vkSj Hkh mf}Xu gks mBkA
I;kl c<+ jgh FkhA gyd esa dk¡Vs iM+ x;sA vkSj mlesa mBus dh rkc u FkhA ,d cw¡n ikuh
ds fy;s ftUnxh nsg dks NksM+dj pys tkus dh /kedh ns jgh Fkh] vkSj 'kjhj fQj ugha mB ikrk FkkA
dksck;k'kh dks bl oä ekSr gh Hkyh yxhA cM+s nnZ ds lkFk mlus vk¡[ksa cUn dj yhaA
exj ekSr u vk;hA
dksck;k'kh lksp jgk FkkA **eSaus ,slk dkSulk vijk/k fd;k Fkk ftldh ;g ltk eq>s fey
jgh gS\ vehjksa vkSj vQljksa dks NksMd + j dkSu ,slk vkneh Fkk tks ;g yM+kbZ pkgrk Fkk\ nqfu;k¡ vxj
nq'euh fudkyrh] rks mu yksxksa lsA geus mudk D;k fcxkMk Fkk\ gesa D;ksa ekjk x;k\ --------- I;kl
yx jgh gSA ikuh u feysxkA ,slh cqjh ekSr eq>s D;ksa fey jgh gS \ bZ'oj! eSuas ,slk D;k vijk/k fd;k
Fkk\**
d#.kklkxj bZ'oj dksck;k'kh ds fny esa meM+us yxkA vk¡[kksa ls xaxk&tequk cgus yxhA
lcls cM+s eqaflQ ds gqtwj esa ykBh vkSj HkSal okys U;k; ds fo#) og jks&jksdj Qfj;kn dj jgk FkkA
vk¡lw gydku fd;s ns jgs FksA yEch&yEch fgpfd;k¡ c¡/k jgh Fkha] ftuls ilfy;ksa dks vkSj lkjs 'kjhj
dks ckj&ckj >Vds yx jgs FksA bl rjg jksus ls ne ?kksaVus okyk tgjhyk /kqvk¡ tYnh&tYnh isV esa
tkrk FkkA mldk th fepykus yxkA mlds izk.k vVdus yxsA
izk.kksa ds Hk; ls ,d yEch fgpdh dks jksdrs gq;s tks lk¡l [khaph rks dbZ iy rd og mls
vUnj gh jksds jgk fQj lqcfd;ksa esa og /khjs&/khjs VwVhA jks Hkh ugha ldrkA dksck;k'kh dh vk¡[kksa esa
fQj ikuh Hkj vk;kA detksj gkFk mBkdj mlus cstku&lh m¡xfy;ksa ls vk¡lw ikSaNsA
vk¡[kksa ds ikuh ls m¡xfy;ksa ds nks iksj xhys gq;s] mruh txg esa rjkoV vk;hA dksck;k'kh dh
dk¡Vksa esa iM+h tcku vkSj gyd dks fQj ls rjkoV dh ryc gqbZA I;kl cxwys&lh fQj HkM+d mBhA
gBkr~ mlus viuh vk¡lqvksa ls ue m¡xfy;k¡ tcku ls pkV yhaA nks m¡xfy;ksa ds chp esa fc[kjh gqbZ
46
vk¡lv q ksa dh ,d cw¡n] mldh tcku dk tk;dk cny x;k vkSj mls iNrkok gksus yxk& bruh nsj jks;k]
exj csdkj gh x;kA mldh fQj ls jksus dh rch;r gksus yxh] exj vk¡lw vc u fudyrs FksA
dksck;k'kh ds nksuksa gkFkksa esa rkdr vk x;hA ue vk¡[kksa ls ysdj xhys xkyksa ds ihNs duifV;ksa rd
vk¡lw dh ,d cw¡n tqVk dj viuh I;kl cq>kus ds fy, og m¡xfy;k¡ nkSMk+ us yxkA vk¡lw [kq'd gks pys
Fks] vkSj dksck;k'kh dh I;kl ne rksM+ jgh FkhA
pDdj vkus yxsA xQyr fQj c<+us yxhA cjkcj lqUu iM+rs tkus dh psruk viuh gkj ij
cqjh rjg ls fp<+ mBh vkSj mldh fp<+ fonzksg esa cnyrh x;hA xqLlk 'kfDr cudj mlds 'kjhj esa
nedus yxk& dkcw ls ckgj gksus yxkA ekFks dh ulsa rM+dus yxhA og ,d&ne vius dkcw ls ckgj
gks x;kA nksuksa gkFk Vsd dj mlus cM+s tksj ds lkFk mBus dh dksf'k'k dhA og dqN mBk HkhA detksjh
dh otg ls ekFks esa fQj ewNkZ vkus yxhA mlus laHkkyk& eu Hkh] ru HkhA nksuksa gkFk etcwrh ls tehu
ij Vsds jgkA gk¡Qrs gq;s eq¡g ls ,d yEch lka¡l yh] vkSj viuh Hkqtkvksa ds cy ij f?klVdj dqN vkSj
mBkA ihB yxh rks ?kwedj ns[kk&ihNs nhokj FkhA mlus ftUnxh dh ,d vkSj fu'kkuh ns[khA dksck;k'kh
dk gkSalyk c<+kA ekSr dks igyh f'kdLr nsdj iq#"kkFkZ us xoZ dk cks/k fd;kA ijUrq ihM+k vkSj tM+rk
dk tksj vHkh Hkh dqN de u FkkA fQj Hkh mls 'kkfUr feyhA nhokj dh rjQ ns[krs gh /;ku cnykA
flj mBkdj Å¡ps ns[kk] nhokj VwV x;h FkhA mls vk'p;Ze; izlUurk gqbZA nhokj ls VwVk gqvk eyok
nwljh rjQ fxjk FkkA Hkxoku us mldh dSlh j{kk dhA thou ds izfr fQj ls vkLFkk mRiUu gksus yxhA
VwVh gqbZ nhokj dh Å¡pkbZ ds lkFk&lkFk mldk /;ku vkSj Å¡pk x;k fd ;g rks vLirky dh nhokj
gSA vHkh&vHkh og viuh iRuh dks HkrhZ djkds ckgj fudyk FkkA losjs ls mls nnZ mB jgs Fks] u;h
ftUnxh vkus dks FkhA iRuh ftls cPpk gksus okyk Fkk----------- MkWDVj] ulZ] ejhtksa ds iyax --------- MkWDVj
us mlls dgk Fkk& **ckgj tkdj bUrtkj djksA** og fQj ckgj tkdj vLirky ds uhps gh dadM+ksa
dh dPph lM+d ij flxjsV ihrs gq, Vgyus yxk FkkA vkt mlus dke ls Nqêh ys j[kh FkhA og cgqr
[kq'k Fkk& tc vpkud vkleku ij dkuksa ds insZ QkM+us okyk /kekdk gqvk FkkA va/kk cuk nsus okyh
rhoz izdk'k dh fdj.ksa dgha ls QVdj pkjksa rjQ fc[kj xbZAa iyd ekjrs gh dkys /kq¡, dh eksVh pknj
cknyksa ls f?kjs gq;s vkleku ij rsth ls fcNrh pyh x;hA dkys /kq,¡ dh cjlkr gksus yxhA pedrs
gq;s fo|qRd.k lkjs okrkoj.k esa QSy x;s FksA lkjk 'kjhj >qyl x;k( ne ?kqVus yxk FkkA lSd a M+ksa ph[ksa
,d lkFk lqukbZ nh FkhaA bl vLirky ls Hkh vk;h gksxhA nhokj mlh rjQ fxjh gS vkSj mu ph[kksa
esa mldh iRuh dh ph[k Hkh t:j 'kkfey jgh gksxh------------ dksck;k'kh dk fny rM+i mBkA mls viuh
iRuh dks ns[kus dh rhoz mRd.Bk gqbZA
gks'k esa vkus ds ckn igyh ckj dksck;k'kh dks viuh iRuh dk /;ku vk;k FkkA cgqr nsj ls
ftldh Le`fr [kksbZ gqbZ Fkh] mls ikdj dksck;k'kh dks ,d iy ds fy, jkgr gqbZA blls mldh
mRd.Bk dk osx vkSj Hkh rhoz gks x;kA
lky Hkj igys mlus fookg fd;k FkkA ,d o"kZ dk ;g lq[k mlds thou dh vewY;
fuf/k cu x;k FkkA nq%[k] ;kruk vkSj la?k"kZ ds fiNys pkSchl o"kksZa ds e#LFky ls thou esa vkt dh
;g egk;a=.kk tqM+dj lq[k 'kkfUr ds ,d o"kZ dks ikuh dh ,d cw¡n dh rjg lks[k x;h FkhA
cpiu esa gh mlds ek¡&cki ej x;s FksA ,d NksVk HkkbZ Fkk ftlds Hkj.k&iks"k.k ds fy;s
dksck;k'kh dks nl o"kZ dh mez esa gh cqtqxksZa dh rjg enZ cuuk iM+k FkkA fnu vkSj jkr th rksM+dj
esgur&etnwjh dh] mls 'kgtkns dh rjg iky&iksldj cM+k fd;kA rhu cjl gq;]s og QkSt esa Hkjrh
47
gksdj phu dh yM+kbZ ij pyk x;k vkSj fQj dHkh u ykSVkA
vius HkkbZ dks [kksdj dksck;k'kh ftUnxh ls Åc x;k FkkA thou ls yM+us ds fy, mls dgha
ls izsj.kk ugha feyrh FkhA og fujk'k gks pqdk FkkA csok edku&ekyfdu dh yM+dh mlds thou esa
u;k jl ys vk;hA mudk fookg gqvkA ----------- vkSj vkt mlds ?kj esa ,d u;h ftUnxh vkus okyh
FkhA vkt losjs ls gh og cM+s tks'k esa FkkA mlds lkjs tks'k vkSj mYykl ij ;g xkt fxjhA tgjhys
/kq,¡ dh rfi'k us mlds vUrj rd dks Hkwu fn;k FkkA osnuk vlá gks x;h Fkh&vkSj psruk yqIr gks
xbZA
viuh iRuh ls feyus ds fy, dksck;k'kh lc [kksdj rM+i jgk FkkA og tSls cp x;k oSls
gh Hkxoku us 'kk;n mls Hkh cpk fy;k gksA ysfdu nhokj rks b/kj fxjh gS! ---- **ugha!**
-------- dksck;k'kh ph[k mBkA gks'k esa vkus ds ckn igyh ckj mldk d.B QwVk FkkA lkjs 'kjhj
esa mÙkstuk dh ,d ygj nkSM+ x;hA Loj dh rsth ls mlds lw[ks gq;s fu"izk.k daB esa [kjk'k iSnk gqbZA
I;kl fQj gks'k esa vk;hA dksck;k'kh ds fy;s cSBk jguk vlá gks x;kA vUn:uh tks'k dk nkSjk
detksj 'kjhj dks f>a>ksMd + j mBkus yxkA nhokj dk lgkjk nsdj og vius ikxy tks'k ds lkFk rsth
ls mBkA og nkSM+uk pkgrk FkkA fnekx esa nkSM+us dh rsth fy;s gq,] detksj vkSj Mxexkrs gq;s iSjksa
ls og /khjs&/khjs vLirky ds QkVd dh rjQ c<+kA
QkVd VwVdj fxj pqdk FkkA vUnj ryok&feêh tehu dh lrg ls vk iM+k FkkA dqN ugha&
ohjkuA tSls ;gk¡ dHkh dqN cuk gh u FkkA feêh vkSj [k.MgjA nwj&nwj rd ohjku&[kkyhA mldh
nqfu;k¡ ugha gSA og nqfu;k¡ tks mlus iPphl cjlksa ls ns[kh le>h vkSj cjrh Fkh] vkt mls dgha Hkh
ugha fn[kkbZ iM+rhA lius dh rjg og dkQwj gks pqdh gSA
ehyksa rd QSyh gqbZ ohjkuh dks ns[kdj og vius dks Hkwy x;k viuh iRuh dks Hkwy x;kA
bl egkfouk'k esa fojkV 'kwU; dks ns[kdj mldk viukiu mlh esa foyhu gks x;kA mldh 'kfDr ml
egk'kwU; esa y; gks x;hA thou ds foijhr ;g vukLFkk mls fp<+kus yxhA VwVh nhokj dk lgkjk
NksM+dj og csrgk'kk nkSM+ iM+kA og tksj&tksj ls ph[k jgk Fkk&**eq>s D;ksa ekjk\ eq>s D;ksa ekjk\**
&ehyksa rd mtM+s gq;s fgjksf'kek uxj ds bl [k.Mgj esa yk[kksa funks"Z k izkf.k;ksa dh vkRek cudj ikxy
dksck;k'kh ph[k jgk Fkk&**eq>s D;ksa ekjk\ eq>s D;ksa ekjk\**
dSEi vLirky esa gtkjksa t[eh vkSj ikxy yk;s tk jgs FksA MkWDVjksa dks QqlZr ugha] ulksZa dks
vkjke ugha] ysfdu bykt dqN Hkh ugha gks jgk FkkA D;k bykt djsa\ pkjksa vksj ph[k&fpYykgV] nnZ
vkSj ;a=.kk dk gaxkek! **xksjk nq'eu! [kqnk&nq'eu! ckn'kkg&nq'eu!** ikxyiu ds ml 'kksj esa gj rjQ
vius fy;s nnZ Fkk] vius ifjokj vkSj cPpksa ds fy;s loky Fkk] ftldh ;g ltk mUgsa feyh gS vkSj
nq'euksa ds fy, uQjr Fkh] ftUgksaus fcuk fdlh vijk/k ds mudh tku yhA
vLirky ds cjkens esa ,d ejht ngu QkM+dj fpYyk mBk&**eq>s D;ksa ekjk\ eq>s D;ksa ekjk\**
vLirky ds bUpktZ MkWDVj lqtqdh bu reke vkoktksa ds chp esa [kks;s gq;s [kM+s FksA og gkj
pqds FksA dy ls mUgsa uhan ugha] vkjke ugha] Hkw[k&I;kl ughaA ;s ikxyksa dk 'kksj] nnZ] ph[k] djkgA
mudk fny] fnekx vkSj ftLe Fkd pqdk FkkA vHkh FkksM+h nsj igys mUgsa [kcj feyh FkhA ukxklkdh
ij Hkh ,Ve ce fxjk;k x;kA os blls fp<+ mBs FksA D;ksa ugha] ckn'kkg vkSj othj gkj eku ysrs \
D;k viuh >wBh 'kku ds fy;s os tkiku dks rckg dj nsaxs \
mUgsa nq'euksa ij Hkh xqLlk vk jgk Fkk( bUgsa D;ksa ekjk x;k \ ;s fdlh ds nq'eu ugha FksA bUgsa
48
vius fy;s lkezkT; dh pkg u FkhA vxj budk vijk/k gS rks dsoy ;gh fd ;s vius ckn'kkg ds
etcwju cuk;s gq;s xqyke gS] O;fDr dh lŸkk ds f'kdkj gSAa laLdkjksa ds xqyke gSAa ------ nq'eu bUgsa ekj
dj [kq'k gSaA tkiku dh funksZ"k vkSj ewd turk us nq'euksa dk D;k fcxkM+k Fkk tks mu ij ,Ve ce
cjlk;s x;s \ foKku dh ubZ [kkst dh 'kfDr vtekus ds fy;s mUgsa yk[kksa cstcku csxqukgksa dh tku
ysus dk D;k vf/kdkj Fkk \ D;k ;g /keZ ;q) gS \& lnkn'kksZa ds fy;s yM+kbZ gks jgh gS \ ,Ve dk
fouk'kdkjh iz;ksx fo'o dks LorU= djus dh ;kstuk ugha] mls xqyke cukus dh ftn gSA ,slh ftn
gS tks bUlku dks rckg djds NksMx s+ hA -------- vkSj bUlkfu;r ds nq'eu dgrs gS*a fd ,Ve dk vkfo"dkj
ekuo&cqf) dh lcls cM+h lQyrk gSA
ulZ vk;hA mlus dgk& *^MkWDVj] lsUVj ls [kcj vk;h gS vkSj u;s ejht Hksts tk jgs gSaA**
MkWDVj lqtqdh ds Fkds psgjs ij lud Hkjh lw[kh g¡lh fn[kkbZ nh mUgksaus tokc fn;k& **bu
u;s ejhtksa ds fy, u;h ftUnxh dgk¡ ls ykÅ¡xk] ulZ \ fouk'k&yksyqi LokFkhZ euq";] 'kfä dk iz;ksx
Hkh u"V djus ds fy, gh dj jgk gS( fQj fuekZ.k dk nwljk tfj;k gh D;k jgk \ QSad nks mu ftUnk
yk'kksa dks] fgjksf'kek dh ohjku /kjrh ij&;k rks mUgsa tgj ns nksA vLirky vkSj MkWDVjksa dk nqfu;k
esa vc dksbZ dke ugha jgkA**
ulZ ds ikl bu fQtwy ckrksa ds fy, le; ugha FkkA &u;s ejht vk jgs gS]a lSd a M+ks vLirky
esa iM+s gSAa og MkWDVj ij >q>a yk mBh&**;g oDr bu ckrksa dk ugha gS MkWDVj! gesa ftUnxh dks cpkuk
gSA ;g gekjk is'kk gS] Qt+Z gSA ,Ve dh 'kfä ls gkjdj D;k ge bUlku dh bUlkfu;r dks ejrs gq,
ns[krs jgsaxs\ pfy;s] vkb;s] ejhtksa dks batsD'ku yxkuk gSA vkxs dk dke djuk gSA
ulZ] MkWDVj lqtqdh dk gkFk idM+dj rsth ls vkxs c<+ x;hA
'kCnkFkZ &
ijkdk"Vk& pje lhek] lksr&
s >jus] vk?kkr&pksV] tjsZ& d.k]
vkrZukn& nq%[k Hkjk Loj] gyd&xyk] mf}Xu&O;kdqy] ryc&bPNk]
tk;dk&Lokn] xQyr&psr ;k lq/k dk vHkko] mRd.Bk&bPNk]
fojkV&fo'kky] y;&foyhu] ewd&xw¡xk] rckg&cckZn]
is'kk&jkstxkj] Qt+Z&drZO;A
oLrqfu"B iz'u&
1- *eq>s D;ksa ekjk \ eq>s D;ksa ekjk \* og tksj&tksj ls ph[k jgk FkkA og dkSu Fkk&
¼d½ ulZ ¼[k½ lqtqdh
¼x½ dksck;k'kh ¼?k½ dksbZ ugha ¼ ½
3- *,Ve ce* fdl 'kgj ij fxjk;k x;k Fkk&
¼d½ fgjksf'kek ¼[k½ ukxklkdh
¼x½ d o [k nksuksa ¼?k½ VksD;ks ¼ ½
4- **;g oDr bu ckrksa dk ugha gS--------- gesa ftUnxh dks cpkuk ;g gekjk is'kk gS] Qt+Z gSA** ;g
fdlus dgk&
¼d½ ulZ us ¼[k½ MkWDVj us
49
 ¼x½ dksck;k'kh us ¼?k½ ejht us ¼ ½
vfry?kw Ù kjkRed iz ' u&
1- *,Ve ce* dgkuh dk eq[; ik= dkSu gS \
2- dksck;k'kh gB ds lkFk viuh vk¡[ksa D;ksa [kksys jgk \
3- vLirky ds bapktZ MkWDVj dk D;k uke Fkk\ os D;ksa gkj pqds Fks \
4- dksck;k'kh us 'kgtkns dh rjg iky iksl dj fdls cM+k fd;k \
5- dksck;k'kh us viuh I;kl cq>kus ds fy, D;k fd;k \
y?kw Ù kjkRed iz ' u&
1- psruk ykSVus ds ckn dksck;k'kh us vius pkjksa vksj fdl izdkj dk okrkoj.k ns[kk \
2- ;q) ds laca/k esa dksck;k'kh ds fopkj fyf[k,A
3- lqtqdh us ;q) ds fo#) viuh izfrfØ;k O;Dr djrs gq, D;k dgk \
4- vLirky dh /oLr nhokj ds lkFk dksck;k'kh dh dkSulh Le`fr tqM+h Fkh \
5- *,Ve ce* dgkuh dk mís'; D;k gS \
fuca / kkRed iz ' u&
1- *fgjksf'kek fnol* ij vki ,d ;q) fojks/kh lHkk dh v/;{krk djrs gq, fdu fopkjksa dks izdV
djsx
a \s
2- dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij dksck;k'kh dk thou o`ÙkkUr fyf[k,A
3- dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk Li"V dhft,A

*****

50
 tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh
&vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h

ys [ kd&ifjp;
;'kLoh lkfgR;dkj gksus ds vfrfjDr vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h ,d yC/kizfr"B oS| Hkh FksA
dgkuh] miU;kl] ukVd] x|dkO; mUgksuas s fy[ksA laLd`r lkfgR; dk mudk v/;;u cgqr xgu rFkk
l?ku FkkA iqjkuh ih<+h ds lkfgR;dkjksa esa fu%lUnsg mudk egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij
mudh dksbZ Ms<+&lkS ls Åij jpuk,¡ izdkf'kr :i esa izkIr gSaA
miU;klksa esa ^oS'kkyh dh uxjo/kw*] ^lkseukFk*] ^o;a j{kke%* o ^xksyh* rFkk dgkuh&laxzgksa esa
^uokc uudw*] ^yEcxzho* vkfn vkidh izeq[k jpuk,¡ gSaA
fo"k;&oLrq dh n`f"V ls 'kkL=h th us eqxy&dkyhu bfrgkl dk fo'ks"k :i ls v/;;u fd;k
Fkk vkSj ml ;qx ds thou&o`Ùk ls dbZ jkspd vkSj ekfeZd izlx a pqudj mUgsa viuh eeZKrk dk izlkn
fn;k FkkA vkidh jpukvksa esa vn~Hkqr izokg] o.kZu dh euksgkjh lthork rFkk Hkk"kk dk vuwBk ykfyR;
feyrk gSA
ikB&ifjp;
jktLFkku ds lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd thou dk Hkh vkius fudV ls v/;;u fd;k FkkA
m/kj jktLFkku ds ,sfrgkfld vk[;kuksa ls rks vkius viuh d`fr;ksa ds fy, izpqj izsj.kk izkIr dh gh
FkhA *tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh* ,slh gh ,d izsj.kk dh l`f"V gSA

**** ****

jktdqekjh us g¡ldj dgk& *firkth] nqxZ dh fpUrk u dhft;sA tc rd mldk ,d Hkh

iRFkj&iRFkj ls feyk gS] mldh j{kk eSa d:¡xhA vykmíhu fdruh gh ohjrk ls gekjs nqxZ ij vkØe.k
D;ksa u djs] vki fuHkZ; gksdj 'k=q ls yksgk ysaA*
;g tSlyesj ds jkBkSM+ nqxkZf/kifr egkjko jRuflag dh dU;k FkhA bl le; cfy"B vjch
?kksMs+ ij p<h gqbZ Fkh vkSj enkZuh iks'kkd igus FkhA mldh dej esa nks ryokjsa yVd jgh FkhaA dejcUn
esa is'kdCt] ihB ij rjdl vkSj gkFk esa /kuq"k FkkA og piy ?kksM+s dh jkl dks cyiwoZd [khap jgh
Fkh] tks ,d {k.k Hkh fLFkj jguk ugha pkgrk FkkA jRuflag tjgc[rj igus ,d gkFkh ds QkSyknh gkSns
ij cSBs vkØe.k ds fy, izLFkku dj jgs FksA lkeus jktiwr lokj uaxh ryokjsa fy;s eSnku esa [kM+s FksA
muds ?kksM+s fgufguk jgs Fks vkSj 'kL= >u>uk jgs FksA
jRuflag us iq=h ds dU/ks ij gkFk j[kdj dgk& ^^csVh] rq>ls eq>s ,slh gh vk'kk gSA eSaus rq>s
iq=h ugha& iq= dh Hkk¡fr ikyk vkSj f'k{kk nh gSA eSa nqxZ dks rq>s lkSi dj fuf'pUr gks jgk gw¡A
lko/kku jguk! 'k=q ohj gh ugha] /kwÙkZ vkSj Nfy;k gSA**
ckfydk us oØn`f"V ls firk dks ns[kk vkSj g¡ldj dgk& ^^ugha] firkth! vki fuf'pUr gksdj
izLFkku djsaA**
jRuflag us ,d rhoz n`f"V vius fdys ds /kwi ls pedrs gq, d¡xjw ksa ij Mkyh vkSj gkFkh c<+k;kA
xxuHksnh t;&fuukn ls /kjrh&vkleku dk¡i mBsA ,d fo'kkydk; vtxj dh Hkk¡fr lsuk fdys ds
QkVd ls fudydj ioZr dh miR;dk esa foyhu gks x;hA blds ckn ?kksj phRdkj djds nqxZ dk
QkVd cUn gks x;kA fVM~Mhny dh Hkk¡fr 'k=q us nqxZ dks ?ksj j[kk FkkA lc izdkj dh jln ckgj ls
vkuh cUn FkhA izfrfnu 'k=q xksfy;ksa vkSj rhjksa dh o"kkZ djrk Fkk( ij tSlyesj dk vts; nqxZ xoZ ls
eLrd mBk;s [kM+k FkkA 'k=q le> x;s Fks fd nqxZ fot; djuk g¡lh&Bðk ugha gSA nqxZ&jf{k.kh
jktufUnuh jRuorh fuHkZ; vius nqxZ esa lqjf{kr cSBh 'k=qvksa ds nk¡r [kV~Vs dj jgh FkhA mldh v/khurk
esa iqjkus fo'oLr jktiwr ohj Fks] tks e`R;q vkSj thou dks [ksy le>rs FksA og viuh lf[k;ksa lesr
nqxZ ds fdlh cqtZ ij p<+ tkrh vkSj 'k=q&lsuk dk Bðk mM+krh gqbZ ogk¡ ls lulukrs rhjksa dh o"kkZ
djrhA og dgrh& ^*eSa L=h gw¡] ij vcyk ughaA eq> esa enksZa&tSlk lkgl vkSj cy gSA**
mldh ckrsa lqu lgsfy;k¡ Bg Bgkdj g¡l nsrh FkhaA izcy 'k=q&ny }kjk vkØkar nqxZ esa cSBuk
jktdqekjh ds fy, ,d fouksn FkkA
efyd dkQwj ,d xqyke Fkk tks bl le; 'k=q&lsuk dk vf/kifr FkkA og n`<+rk vkSj 'kkafr
ls jktdqekjh dh pksVsa lg jgk FkkA mlus lkspk Fkk fd tc fdys esa [kk| inkFkZ de gks tk;saxs] nqxZ
o'k esa vk tk;sxkA fQj Hkh og le;&le; ij nqxZ ij vkØe.k dj nsrk Fkk] ijUrq nqxZ dh pêkuksa
vkSj Hkkjh nhokjksa dks dksbZ {kfr ugha igq¡prh FkhA jktdqekjh cgq/kk cqtZ ij ls dgrh& ;s /kwÙkZ xnZ mM+k
dj xksfy;ksa dh o"kkZ dj esjs fdys dks xUnk vkSj eSyk dj jgs gSaA blls D;k ykHk \
'k=q&ny us ,d ckj nqxZ ij izcy vkØe.k fd;kA jktdqekjh pqipki cSBh jghA tc 'k=q
vk/kh nwjh rd nhokjksa ij p<+ vk;s] rc Hkkjh&Hkkjh iRFkjksa ds <ksads vkSj xeZ rsy dh og ekj iM+h fd
'k=q&lsuk fNUu&fHkUu gks x;hA yksxksa ds eq¡g >qyl x;sA fdruksa dh pVuh cu x;hA gtkjksa
'k=q&lSfud rkSck&rkSck djds izk.k ysdj HkkxsA tks izkphj rd igq¡ps] mUgsa ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj fn;k
x;kA
lw;Z fNi jgk FkkA izkph fn'kk yky&yky gks jgh FkhA jktdqekjh dqN fpfUrr Hkko ls vfr
nwj ioZr dh miR;dk esa lw;Z dks Mwcrs gq, ns[k jgh FkhA mls pkj fnu ls firk dk lUns'k ugha feyk
FkkA og lksp jgh Fkh fd bl le; firk dks D;k lgk;rk nh tk ldrh gS\ og ,d cqtZ ds uhps
cSB x;hA /khjs&/khjs vU/kdkj c<+us yxkA mlus ns[kk& ,d dkyh ewfrZ /khjs&/khjs ioZr dh rax jkg ls
fdys dh vksj vxzlj gks jgh gSA mlus le>k fd firk dk lUns'kokgd gksxkA og pqipki mRlqd
gksdj m/kj gh ns[krh jghA mls vk'p;Z rc gqvk tc mlus ns[kk fd og xqIr}kj dh vksj u tkdj
flag}kj dh vksj tk jgk gSA rc vo'; 'k=q gSA jktdqekjh us ,d rh[kk ck.k vius gkFk esa fy;k vkSj
fNirh gqbZ ml ewfrZ ds lkFk gh }kj dh ikSj ds Åij vk x;hA og ewfrZ ,d xBjh dks ihB ls mrkj
dj izkphj ij p<+us dk mik; lksp jgh FkhA jktdqekjh us /kuq"k ij ck.k p<+k dj yydkj dj dgk&
52
ogha [kM+k jg vkSj viuk vfHkizk; crkA
dky:i jktdqekjh dks lEeq[k ns[k] og O;fDr Hk;Hkhr Loj esa cksyk& eq>s fdys esa vkus
nhft;s] cgqr t:jh lUns'k gSA
*^og lUns'k ogha ls dgA**
^*og vfr'k; xksiuh; gSA**
^*dqN fpUrk ugha] dgA**
^*eSa fdys esa vkdj dgw¡xkA**
mlls iwoZ ;g rhj rsjs dysts ds ikj gks tk;sxkA**
^*egkjkt foifÙk esa gSaA eSa mudk pj gw¡A**
^*fpÎh gks rks Qsad nsA**
^*tckuh dguk gSA**
^*tYnh dgA**
^*;gk¡ ls ugha dg ldrkA**
^*rc ysA** bruk dgdj jktdqekjh us rhj NksM+ fn;kA og mlds dysts dks ikj djrk gqvk
fudy x;kA jktdqekjh us lhVh nhA nks lSfud vk gkftj gq,A dqekjh dh vkKk ik jLlh ds lgkjs
mUgksaus uhps tk] e`r O;fDr dks ns[kk& 'k=q FkkA nwljk O;fDr ihB ij xBjh esa c¡/kk FkkA ;g ns[k
jktdqekjh tksj ls g¡l iM+hA blds ckn og izR;sd cqtZ ij ?kwe&?kwe dj izcU/k vkSj igjs dk fujh{k.k
djus yxhA if'peh QkVd ij tkdj mlus ns[kk& }kj&j{kd }kj ij u FkkA dqekjh us iqdkj dj
dgk& ;gk¡ igjsnkj dkSu gS\
,d o`) ;ks)k us vkxs c<+dj dqekjh dks eqtjk fd;kA mlus /khjs&/khjs dqekjh ds dku esa dqN
vkSj Hkh dgkA og g¡lrh&g¡lrh cksyh&*,slk] ,slk\ vPNk] os rqEgsa ?kw¡l nsaxs] ckck th lkgc\*
*gk¡ csVh!* dgdj cw<+k ;ks)k rfud g¡l fn;kA mlus xk¡B ls lksus dh iksVyh fudky dj
dgk& *;g ns[kks] bruk lksuk gSA*
*vPNh ckr gSA Bgjks] ge mUgsa ikxy cuk nsx a As ckck th] rqe vk/kh jkr dks mudh bPNkuqlkj
}kj [kksy nsukA*
o`) Hkh g¡lrk vkSj flj fgykrk gqvk pyk x;kA
ckjg ct x;s FksA pk¡nuh fNVd jgh FkhA dqN vkneh nqxZ dh vksj fNis&fNis vk jgs FksA
mudk ljnkj dkQwj FkkA mlds ihNs lkS pqus gq, ;ks)k FksA ladrs ikrs gh }kjiky us izfrKk iwjh dhA
fo'kky egjkcnkj QkVd [kqy x;kA lkS O;fDr pqipki nqxZ esa ?kql x;sA dkQwj us eUn Loj esa dgk&
*;gk¡ rd rks Bhd gqvkA vc gesa ml xqIr ekxZ ls nqxZ ds Hkhrj egyksa esa igq¡pk nks] ftldk rqeus oknk
fd;k gSA*
jktiwr us dgk& eSa okns dk iDdk gwa¡] exj ckdh lksuk rks nksA* lsukifr us eqgjksa dh FkSyh
gkFk esa j[k nhA jktiwr QkVd esa rkyk cUn dj pqipki izkphj dh Nk;k esa pyk vkSj ykseM+h dh Hkk¡fr
pDdj [kkdj dgha xk;c gks x;kA
lSfud pØO;wg esa Q¡l x;s] u ihNs dk jkLrk feyrk Fkk] u vkxs dkA os okLro esa dSn gks
x;s Fks vkSj viuh ew[kZrk ij iNrk jgs FksA efyd dkQwj nk¡r ihl jgk FkkA jktdqekjh dh lgsfy;k¡
brus pwgksa dks pwgsnkuh esa Q¡lkdj g¡l jgh FkhaA
53
 'k=q&lSU; us nqxZ ij Hkkjh ?ksjk Mky j[kk FkkA [kk|&lkexzh /khjs&/khjs de gks jgh FkhA ?ksjs
ds chp ls fdlh dk vkuk v'kD; FkkA jktiwr Hkw[ks ej jgs FksA jktdqekjh dk 'kjhj ihyk gks x;k
Fkk] mlds vax f'kfFky gks x;s Fks( ij us=ksa dk rst oSlk gh FkkA mls dSfn;ksa ds Hkkstu dh cM+h fpUrk
FkhA fdys dk izR;sd vkneh mls nsoh dh Hkk¡fr iwtrk FkkA mlus efyd dkQwj ds ikl tkdj dgk&
*lsukifr] eq>s rqels dqN ijke'kZ djuk gSA eSa foo'k gks x;h gw¡A nqxZ esa [kk|&lkexzh cgqr de jg
x;h gS vkSj eq>s ;g ladksp gks jgk gS fd vkidh vfrfFk&lsok dSls dh tk;A vc dy ls ge yksx
,d eqÎh vUu ysaxs] vki yksxksa dks nks eqÎh ml le; rd feysxk tc rd nqxZ esa vUu jgsxkA vkxs
bZ'oj ekfyd gSA*
efyd dkQwj dh vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw Hkj vk;sA mlus dgk& ^*jktdqekjh] eq>s ;dhu gS fd vki
chl fdyksa dh fgQktr dj ldrh gSaA**
^*gk¡] ;fn esjs ikl gksa rks!**
jktdqekjh pyh vk;hA
vBkjg lIrkg chr x;sA vykmíhu ds xqIrpj us vkdj 'kkg dks dksfuZl dhA
^*D;k jktdqekjh jRuorh fdyk nsus dks rS;kj gS\**
^*ugha [kqnkoUn] ogk¡ fdlh rjdhc ls jln igq¡p x;h gSA vc ukS eghus iM+s jgus ij Hkh fdyk
gkFk ugha vk;sxkA fQj 'kkgh QkSt ds fy, vc fdlh rkykc esa ikuh ugha gSA m/kj jRuflag us ekyos
rd 'kkgh lsuk dks [knsM+ fn;k gSA**
vykmíhu gr&cqf) gks x;k vkSj egkjko ls lfU/k dk izLrko fd;kA
lqUnj izHkkr FkkA jktdqekjh us nqx& Z izkphj ij [kM+s gksdj ns[kk fd 'kkgh lsuk Msj&
s MaMs m[kkM+
dj tk jgh gS vkSj egkjko jRuflag vius lw;Zeq[kh >.Ms dks Qgjkrs] fot;h jktiwrksa ds lkFk] nqxZ
dh vksj vk jgs gSaA
eaxy&dy'k lts FksA ckts ct jgs FksA nqxZ esa izR;sd ohj dks iqjLdkj fey jgk FkkA efyd
dkQwj egkjko dh cxy esa cSBs FksA egkjko us dgk& ^*[kk¡ lkgc] fdys esa esjh xSjgkftjh esa vkidks
vlqfo/kk,¡ gqbZ gksaxh] blds fy, vki ekQ djsaxsA ;q) ds fu;e dMs+ gksrs gSaA fQj fdys ij Hkkjh
eqlhcr FkhA yM+dh vdsyh FkhA tks cu ldk] fd;kA**
dkQwj us dgk&*^ egkjkt] jktdqekjh rks iwtus yk;d gSA os euq"; ugha] Qfj'rk gSaA eSa
tUe&Hkj mudh esgjckuh dks ugha Hkwy ldrkA**
egkjko us ,d cgqewY; ljisp mUgsa fn;k vkSj iku dk chM+k nsdj fonk fd;kA nqxZ esa /kkSalk
ct jgk FkkA
'kCnkFkZ &
Nfy;k&diVh] oØn`f"V& frjNh utj] izkph& iwoZ]
miR;dk& igkM+ dh rygVh] ikSj&fljk] vfHkizk;&mís';]
pj&lsod] jln&[kk| lkexzh] Qfj'rk& nsork]
/kkSalk& ,d fo'ks"k ok|;a=] <ksd
a &
s VqdM+]s vkØkUr& Hk;HkhrA
oLrqfu"B iz'u&
1- *tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh* dgkuh gS&
54
 ¼d½ lkekftd ¼[k½ ikfjokfjd
¼x½ jktuSfrd ¼?k½ ,sfrgkfld ¼ ½
2- 'k=q lsuk dk lsukifr dkSu Fkk&
¼d½ xqyke eksgEen ¼[k½ efyd dkQwj
¼x½ xksl eksgEen ¼?k½ efyd eksgEen ¼ ½
3- tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh jRuorh fdldh dU;k Fkh&
¼d½ t;flag dh ¼[k½ ekuflag dh
¼x½ tksjkoj flag dh ¼?k½ egjko jRuflag dh ¼ ½
4- tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh ds dgkuhdkj gSa&
¼d½ vkpk;Z jkepUnz 'kqDy ¼[k½ izes pUn
¼x½ vkpk;Z prqjlsu ¼?k½ vkpk;Z gtkjh izlkn ¼ ½
vfry?kw Ù kjkRed iz ' u&
1- fdys dk izR;sd O;fDr jktdqekjh dks fdldh rjg iwtrk FkkA
2- jRuflag us jktdqekjh dks lko/kku djrs gq, 'k=q ds lEcU/k esa D;k dgk \
3- nwj ioZr dh miR;dk esa Mwcrs lw;Z dks ns[kdj jktdqekjh fpafrr D;ksa gks mBh \
4- efyd dkQwj us vk¡lw Hkhxh vk¡[kksa ls jktdqekjh dks D;k dgk \
y?kw Ù kjkRed iz ' u&
1- jktdqekjh us g¡lrs gq, jko jRuflag dks D;k vk'oklu fn;k \
2- nk¡r [kV~Vs djuk eqgkojs dk vFkZ crkrs gq, okD; esa iz;ksx dhft,A
3- 'k=q ny ds nqxZ ij izcy vkØe.k dj jktdqekjh us D;k izR;qÙkj fn;k \
4- jkf= ds va/kdkj esa jktdqekjh us cqtZ ls uhps D;k ns[kk \
fuca / kkRed iz ' u&
1- tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh dgkuh dk dFkklkj fyf[k,A
2- tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh dgkuh ys[ku ds ihNs dgkuhdkj dk mís'; D;k jgk gS] fyf[k,A
3- jktdqekjh us lsukifr efyd dkQwj dks tkdj D;k dgk \
4- *tSlyesj dh jktdqekjh dgkuh Hkkjrh; n'kZu dks izfrfcfEcr djus okyh dFkk gSA* ifBr
dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij le>kb,A
5- ifBr dgkuh ukjh ds dq'ky izcU/ku rFkk lw> cw> dks vfHkO;Dr djrh gSA vius fopkj O;Dr
dhft,A
*****

55