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. EXERCffll
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I , SUPERIO ~ ',

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_ _ ITUAA DIOACTICA ~I PEDAGOGICA
BUCURE~TI - 1978
 m.u,.1..:,.1.r.HUL EDUCATIEI ~I lNVAT AMIN1;'ULUI

Dniversitatea Bucure~ti

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 MOR,PHOLOGY

The ·Noun
• • I su.f.fix' to' each o,f the follow-
Attach the appropriate noun-forming /1 ·•. • • •
:EXERCISE 1• . ·. . _· ,
ing nouns· London teen-age
-dom star ·. 1· ·- , · •
child _ '
-hoo. d Portugal
impression ·
-s hip mouth village
-ist . , hoy
·
-1sm brother D arw1n· · . '
frie.n d
-er J~pan owner
, ,

-ful plano_ .s-p oon .

-ese member
art -
hand c·eno
behaviour king .
philosophy . . :. I r

... ., .

EXER~ISE 2.. Atta~h the ap;ropriate noun-fo'rming".s~ffix to each of the f~llow

ing ilerbs : · · · · ·.·• ~- :
-age d~velop <·_. ,: arrive . . refuse
-al . . µ-se . . --defend . , · · -_happ.e n , ·
-ance/ence . e:m:b_od_y _ ·_ ~-~ >.
house enligh~en
-ant' write.:. ·.- .' .d escribe thrill
-atjon/(t)ion -· a~c~pt' ·. : ... ·~ ·-~· clean inhabit
-ee receive ;' , _., . _.: ·,. . form starve
-er descend - . abolish bathe
-ing paint - train cover
-ment empl9.y_ ·. · . . ,
uphea.ve
· IIH~.r~y-
. · -::, - p.r9duc~
•
.
., •
'
I •

_3. Attd~h·the .appropr'iq,te noun:forming suffix to each of the follo()

_EX~RCI~~
ad1ectwes: · , ;-. . · ·· , ·
.
· ·dom cruel social wise pro]
. childish
-ism , strong wide loni
~(i)ty /iety free : existential sane me~
-ness sentimental anxious dull fix
-th
 efixes
. g at tention to the use of pr
,-..
yin
Translate into English pa .
EXERCISE 4.
ds . .
ici O de cl ar at ie . 2
. .,Fostul pr~edinte nu
is til or
ith the italicized wor . n- a fa9ut n eme 3 Premergatorul m ar at on
V

l de Stat rs ilo r. 4. D e6 ce nu . ti-at'

w 1_rnt a -ye ri as ~p ;a Pe
. t n01.. . umel,e si
N
1. Subse~r~tau rnu interviu inte aultvi e or1 nefumdtori. pr, 1n re
i da t n1car1 ad us ve s . " • t §i
im i pa re ne fir ea sc a.
8. u~
a ma I
es ~ ~e~~aipeta? 5. Nu
e a
uit~}l t~ uni
~~
fe i'
a
de
de
im
an
pr
im
ec
al
izi
e
e. 9. Seltga se.§t. e. la orice·
mar
e
rog. 7. R~1t pu ls_ ia_ I " de
im ramc~le va u . nemu 'um ~rii no as tre
prenu de pro ' . nu admA e nIC I
vr ea .sa ci te sc " ar na at . 12. Su bi ec tu l tezei Jui d
as tfel _ie ct I- au sa lv e
magazin unweU rsal. 10 - d § .., r antibioticele
_eva
J Steinbeck. . ln tr- a
d~ctorat este antimater
ia.
ion to the use of sulli, .,.
gl ish pa yi ng at te nt I I wes
to En I

EXERCISE 5• Tra
nslate in
· ·
with the italicized words: se st ~p in ire pe ascultatori.
• 1. Un neplacut sentiment de pl ic tis ~a ld ~u
3. ~e u1 me a_ inf _e lep ciu _nea Im. 4._ D~pa unii
u, meu pe nt ru _un ,?a.I"~ au ~ev:emt vic_timele
2_ ,,Regiaat~u ~ste cea m,?.1 fer1c1~a per1~aqa a _v1et11 . ..,5. E1 ,,Peisa1u! '!larin" pe
copildr e~te 1mpr~s10n_ant~."
7.
tatea Im ea
neglije,qe~ Im . 6. Bu n,a
lo r? s d ec1
.. ~ ,,P eis a1 _u l cit a~~n ...,8. ~otea.za-t1 lungimrta
va su po
care 1-a p1cta~ este_mai ad in cim ea ~p e1 . 9. N1c1 m ac ar 1n gi nd nu armati
ec um ~1 . Al
~i la{imea bazmulm pr m un ca ne in teres_antd, persecufia. 10
<J iidu< Jia,
~ecul, singurdtatea ,
di ca li au ~e ru t gu <J er nului sa .ia masuri pentr~
de cre~terea ~omajului,
lid~rii sin
a-i pune ca pa t. :-. '

n words and phrases by

using
te the following Romania
EXERCISE 6. Transla .
·compound noun s:
t 9. ca p sec
1. cu tre m ur de pa.min 10. ur ba ni sm
2_. ma~ina de spa.lat .
3. tunsoare .
11. pa ta de singe
4. picup 12. ca m uf la j .
ra nt a
5. apa potabila 13. ce nt ~r a de si gu
6. revarsat de zori · 14. -c oc os• at
7. stringere de m in a 15. pi et on
8. zbor de noapte '
/.
7. Find the full forms of
the following:
EXERCISE · 9 vet ·, _
· p; 8. m ov ie; .
a) 1. ad ; 2. cable·' 3f. m\at h•, 4 ·s pe cs ; 5. la b; 6. gy m ; 7. ch am ,.
10. fan· 11 14 . zo o;, 15. bi ke ; 16. flu; ,:-- ---
· b) 1. BBC· 2 · {:A 12
ab , .rp ho ne ; 13 . bu s;
V.; 7. UNESCO; 8. VIP;
9. Hi-Fi; 10. ci J: L .P .;4 . UN; 5. FB I; 6. T.

8. T z
EXERCISE rans ate into English: . ·treg este
r·iul po~tal era d · inch1.s cind am aJuns acolo; 2. Fiul me
1·· o.'ic . ~ µ1, • de
ie
a
un pas1onat al cu<J. l incruc~ate. 3. Pe nt ru un as tfel de rol aI
e! ne vo
, · inte or
10 ,;- f
I "
r ~
 ulte
un h· · ·a1 4 imic ri.u·-e mai frumos decit curcubeul dupa mai m .
zil ·1ac "fJ ~pee~ · . N utat_ d~ cur~~d 1n_tr-un bloc cu incd/zire mceeantrala
6 °N/i!ti:I! 1~ gaNe:am m
r~ la or a 8_ f1~. 7. Eu sint elev
este la liceu iar sora d? 9. Te
sat geanta la garderob
st· e__nta., la _arte J!l°:t~ce. 8.. E§ti s1gura ca' ti-ai la inii. ·10. A inflorit mdrul din
I ud
t1 argintaria _inamte ·de sfir~itul saptdm
rog sa c~ re ,. noastre.
t curtea din spatele easer
ain.ing
\
in to En gl ish us in g t~ e following phrases co· nt
EXERCI~E 9. Tran
slate n:
()erb s by m ea ns of co n()ers'ion / zero suffixatio
nouns derwed from ke ~ w
· al k; to give something aa
twist; to ha ve /ta ebody
to give somethi!1~ a~; to make a call; to give a nod; to give som
gh
g_ood rub;. to have aolf1 etic la ug h; to take a step. ·
ja
rmg;- to ~1ve an ap og
hi a, te ro g. 2. Cu m profesorul intrase de
a frt ng un s .
pa
1. ~a1 r.asuc~§t_e o .datrise drept scuza §i se a§eza in banca. 3. Facu 5. Su-'
plu
in clasa, el p~r §I _s1m la ~tinga. 4. Hai sa facem o plimbare la la
c'uri I
7. S-au
la_, dr:apta, §I ap01 ~n.ultervme ceva .. 6. Freaca bine lingurita, te rog.c o scurta
n!•ma, te ~og, dac~ m8. N1;1 sint prea ocupat azi, trebuie numai sa fa .
h~~u! pe mmgea rO§IAe. dat dm cap cind a trecut pe Iinga mine.
v1z1ta la ora 10. 9. e ways the italicized.
pa yi ng at ten tio n to th
EXERCISE 10. Tran
slate into English
nouns are formed: ga pf oa Ia ma~ina ~i adu }i garile:
tri m i. 2. D a o fu ca sa-~1
1. 0 jumatate are 2 pd un cu vi nt . 4. ~i -a u folosit economiile
3. Acuzatii parasira ca
mera fara
m er ge au do i cit e doi. 6. Ne-a expus toa!e
sa. 5. Copiii incinta-
cumpere mobila frumoantra acestei idei. 7. lmprejurimile erau atit p.de 9. 1ntot-
argumentele pro sau co ai co nt a. 8. M dr fu ril e au fost livrate la tim o avere:
toare incit pre}ul nu mia de la antici. 10. Un astfel de tablou costa
deauna porne~ti discu} as pe cte le ne ag re ab ile din via}a. 12. Ar trebm
a sa evi}i
11. Nu po}i intotdeaun bi ~i pe ce i bolnavi.
.
sa-i aparam pe cei sla
th e no un s lis ted in th e table below; p~yin_g
EXERCISE 11. Form
the plural of Re m em ber ~hat the -s endmg d
1s
ciatio n of the pl ur al . ants an
attention to the pronunvo ice l~ ss . co n~ o~ an ts, /z/ after vowed conson
pronounced /s/ after/ after hissmg sibilant consonants.
after vowels, and /iz

pencil - pencils class - classes

[ kla:siz]
1

book - books (buks] [ ipenslz)

boy - boys [boiz]

bus
pen bandage
reinark tooth [tu:<Sz)
thought piece
dog box
an t day
tip dose
mirror boss
haircut bottle
sink judge
cinema buzz
' pot egg
earth pill lash
mouth ray peach
belief bath [ha :OzJ size
bus stop team by-pass
scientist

11

[
 ,
~
r . in .f/•fe f~
. plural in -ts/-fes (1) or -ves ( /
the:ans and noun groups i111i> the
n.s ending f the foUoW"ng
2
.
1.2 Nou
EXEllc1sE • •the plur~ ~,
l °
torrn
. . lf d .
.
.
both (3). GiPe tegories, b' f eali cliff, she1 ' w~f , self, thief
or .
respectiPe three ca
1· n "f c 1e '

If be 1e f, leaf, fscc;u
Half' cuff' wo 1'af wife, roo '
ulf proof' o '
.safe, g ' · lar of:
ban
' dkerchief' ' kn1.fe. '
~
,
~,

Write the singu

EXEllc1sE 1.3. a) tries { tax~s
doves shoes toes
. { co un { halves { kangaroos { 0
alhes eneinies taxis P tatoes
. pies valves
{ alleys k.
dresses {
{ houses
:k~:s { sizes
buzzes
{ eyes { porc hes

l al of· potato, ra d.io, hero , cargo, echo, t~m°"",. buffalo

-o"',.
b) Wrue the purl . '
o vo cano.
concerto, Negr ' · .
u the following compound nouns acc~rding to the wa.y the
EXER~ISE 1~ ~;) )ural in the first element; b) plural in both the first and th!
form their pl~r ) · lufal in the last element :
last element, c P
.
) asser-by _ passers-by; b) wom an doct or - women doctors;-,
e.g. a P f . d .
c) ho friend - boy rien s. .
.
felloJcitizen, father-in-law, man-friend, man -eate r, man-serva
nt, take-off,
sister-in-law, footstep, man-of-war, grown-up, _camera!flan, looke
r-on, break-_ .
-down, woman diplomat. .

EXERCISE 15. Turn into the plural:

1. Englishman 2. Spaniard 3. Chinese 4. Fren chma n 5. Pole
6. Swede
7. Norwegian 8. German 9. Dutc hman 10. Italia n 11. Romanian
12. Russian
13. Greek 14. Australian 15. Japanese 16. Dane 17. Finn 18. Irishm
20. Pakistani. an 19. Scot
·

EXERCISE 16. Supply the plural of the· following nouns of Greek and Latin
origin. Gi"e their phonetic transcription: .
~- bacillus, 2. addendum, 3. series, 4. datu m, 5. analysis, 6. crisis,
thesis, 8. synthesis, 9. thesis, 10. schema, 11. stimulus, 12. criUr 7. pare_n:_
14· hypothesis, 15. phenomen i~~,_1 3.,. basiS,
on.

EXERCISE 17 • Use the.italicized nouns in the plural. Make the necessar-p changes:
i Th' · ·cture in their '
d' . · 18 pencil is not exactly what I need. 2. There is a nice pi find the
/m~g room. 3. Bob's horse was sold abou t 3 weeks ago. 4· Do
ox arge enough? 5. The new teach er took them to a_ museum.Sha yiuHis story
kespeare.
;34h e~ly exciting. 7. This play can't have been written
th' e sm~er was the most handsome negro I have ev_er seen. ·ear. bJ I don't think
i is photo is really good. 10. She boug ht a Venetian mirror lastJ the 11. There
history of
·t~ \blan k page in this book. 12. That was the worst ~ate~ a funnY
e eam.1.3. ls this the only city you visited? 14. Amon ey 18 creature.

12
 : ;

ve a -lo(!( of white bread, ple~se? 16'. T_h~ n_ew _hand_kerc_h_ief must be

e·~a s :rio -_
!5· Maio I ::awe.t\ I?· Have _you brough_t th~ scenario along? 18. Ther - .
1n the . P. . his ro~m~ . - , . -. , "
'\ - - . . . - , . . -
,nosquito in
_ Fill ·1,,,-the blanks with the plura l form of t~e italicized words: .
EXERCISE
18 , -- . - . . . .- , .
doctor says you slioul~ take one spo<!_nfu_l of this m~ 9 icine _a~d _
_ editor -in-ch i'ef.
1. The the other. 2. I. apJ?reciate th~ resp~ns1~1hty of -an
eldes t_
two ... 0 \he ... Mr. Smith-IS the mos_t-cons~ientious. 3-.l.· ·My friend's
delicate _
out o~ all . a student. The other ... are · still 8:t schoo 4. sThat you c
_~n pick -
sister-in-lawi:sa forget -:me-not. If_ yo°: go fo! a · walk In the wood heis going
blue flower . 5. Lord Silbury_fired_ one man-ser_van~ today. He says but unfortu-
up~ lot_?f ~ther ... as weII: 6. He 1s an ent~usiastic theq,tre-go er,
to fire hist all ... are like him. 7. She asked a passer.,by to_sh.mpan ow her the way tg
tation. Suddenly _sever al ... of~ered to ac9o y her there.
nately _no · . . / · · , ·
the railway s
EXERCISE 19. Replace the. it~ii;~izea:\o~n~ b~--th
e,(r_cofle~ti~e corr~spondent:
in a c~urt_
. 1 Thirty (or more) pupils-fqr~·a .. -· 2 . . A .body ' of 12_persons
hall form
of ju.stice form a ... 3._. A ~~th_enn,g of people_-In a thea~re/concert,: a. .. _..5. A
a ... 4. A number of per$ons -~p_ o J;ia".'~ ;-Cf!P-e to ,a.-~eetlI_lg form com~on _,
body of persons united by pol~twal_pp1n~on~, -hy-,th:e!r. supp
ort_- of _a .
e~ of tkieves
cause, form a .... 6. A number of cows fqr~ a . _. _. . ] . A numb _government
form a .... 8. A group of persons con~roll1D:g a bus1!1-es_s_~or_a•-form -a ..... .
department form a ... 9. A ·num~er of ptople 1n a·_puhhc squ:ar~

EXERCISE 20. Choose th~ right,~~~: o(~he_verb:

=--:· • • ... 1$ • . - ..
'
1. a) The comm ittee (cons ist, .cons ists) of 12 mem bers. · .
b) The committee .(has, , have). come --to ·common a
poin t of view.
2. a) My friend's family (is, are)- smaiL ,__ : ... :' ' - ·
b) The family (was, were) asleep when we arriv ed·.
ce Hall. -
3. ~) The press (~s, are) kindly requested to leave ,.the_:Co'hferen ·
) The press (1s, are) always present . on such -occasions . .· - - ·
. ·, ·
· ~~ ihe audi~nce (was, were) takin g their seats .- ~, · · · -
4 ·
. -_. .- ·. _
S. a) T!e audience (was, were) appl audi ng· enth usias tical ly.
some time.
h) A ~:oh(. (has, have_) been fighting amo ng them selve s for _·
is, ~re) a disorderly crowd. .. .
6. ) Th e Educ ation B d (' are) argu ing-· . ' · ·
a oar is, _ abo,u t the cost of textb ooks .
h) The Selectio B
didates. n oard (has, have) selected the best_· pupils from the can-
7. a) The · .
b government (h '·
) The go_vernment s~s, have) annou _n~ed _ furth er_ wage J,'ise~ .
concessions. nd
( a , stands) firm 1n. refus ing to· make - -furt her
8. a) The new Cab. .
Inet (was ' were ) the resu lt of his barg ainin g with ·. h
cente 1 ft partie s t e
b) Th r- e
e new c h' · _.
9. a) A flo k a •net (is, are) I . , to look into ..it.
b) L00 kc of sheep (h re ucta nt
out I y as, have) i d
our flock C · nva ed my gard en. ;
is, are) strayin g in all directions.

13
r h ·have) seized power.
. a) The ~rrnY. ( a.Army (was, were) defeated. ·. ~.
10 ·
b) The mva~ing ) bilingual.
11 . a) Canada (is, ai~ve) got into the semi-finals again.
b) Canada (has, . .
Choose the singular or plural for~. Translate into .
EXERCISE 21. · . · Romani
, ) 1 simply hate this .. • . an:
: 1. colour ~) You must stand still when the co1:1ntry's ... is he· .
c)- My favourite ... are blue and beige. Ing raised.
/
a) you have t~ ~eclare everything a~ the ....
2. custorn b) She was privileged to get acquainted with th.
. Burundians. · IS • • • of the
.
C) Hand · shaking is one of the most frequent . . . In Eu
3. damage a) I'll have to _pay for. the . . . rope,
b) In case of fire the insurance c~mpany will pay the
4_ ground b) a) you must have solid ... if you want to ask for d: · · ·
What was the ... of this quarrel? a ivorce.
c) Childrf3n have taken good care of their sports ...
5. minute a) How many .. : d_oes it take to ·g et 'to the office?
b) We wanted him to read the ... of the previous meet·mg.
c) W a1·t a ....
t ,

•6. pain a) She feels no ... µow.

b) What do you recommend for stomach ... ?
c) You do take great .... with your work.
7. scale a) My neighbour has been practising ... for hours.
b) Did you know he could play with a fish .... ?
c) The ... of this species of fish are phosphorescent.
d) On top of the Court House one can notice a sculptured ... of
Justice.
8. term a) When does ... end?
b) Are you on good ... ?
. c) What are the ... of the treaty?
9. spectacle a) It was a terrifying .. ·;
· b) Why not wear ... ?
10. spirit a) That's the right·.. .
h) How can you believe in ... ?
c) I shall never touch ... again.
d) Is there no ... in your lighter? nt·
A 'th the uncou
abl EXERCISE ~2. G_ombine the partiti()e expressions in colum~
. wi
e nouns gwen in column B. Translate them into Romanian,
A B
an article of sugar ·
a bar of meat· •
11
a cake of bread · t page as we ·
see ne,c

14
 grain-of paper .
: h~ap of soap ,
teIIl . of chocolate ,
an l f land
a }oaf o
uIIlP of rice .
a l iece
. 0f rubbish ,
a P. f evidence
a pile o
sheet of information ,
a slice of advice.
luggage ,
: strip oi furniture,
a word of news

Choose the appropriate fo~m of the fJerb. Note the difference in

,x~~c:tf~ke nouns that take both a singular and a plural predicate:
,neani~ 1
. is/are much better than hers. 2. My trousers is/are flar d
1. His. pbon1~ :e lost for ever, I guess. 4. ~ta~istics is/are his favour~t;
3. The sc1ssorsats~eat a variety of food. 6. A~oust1cs is/are a branch of physics.
tudy. 5. Code . t' shows/show a great mcrease m manufact ured goods
st w:
;_ The new a~is turning away from the church. 9: W~at is/are the most
s. Youth today;;trealing with this prohlem·?-10. l_'he pliers is/are on the, table.
efficient means. f the National Theatre Hall is/are excellent. 12. Politics
st
11. The acou ws t~e ossible. 13. Poultry was/were expensive that winter.
is/are the. art of p~litics? 15. The people of that country lives/live beyond
14. _What is/~~-y~~\ad no time for v:isit~rs while the poultry yvas/were b~ing
their means. bOd 's means is/are hemg tested. 18. Mathematics is/are given
fed. 1~. ~very Jays 19 What is/are cattle good for?. 20. The police has/
top priordity now\st y~t 21. Fresh-:water fish includes/include salmon, trout,
have mad e1°8 2ar2rGymn;stics is/.are not given enough attention in our school.
0

carp ee • clergy
an Italian • ·
to · 1s
d'1vorce. 24• Ad vice · /are read'Ily
23 . The was/were opposed
given on all the technical aspects.

EXERCISE 24. Translate into English: ..

1. Ai auzit de cursele de alergdri ale po/t~ilor? 2. Statisticile au constatat ca ·
femeile care 1ofeazd sint mai atente ~i produc mai putine accidente :qiortale.
3. La Vl!sta de 6-7 ani din/ii de lapte _ai unui copil stnt inlocuiti cu alti din/i
pe ~are ti va ~astra pina la hatrinete. 4. Am auzit p~i in'apartamentul vecinilor
•d_e la ~taJul 5. 5. El nu e un pescar ca toti pescarii, adica nu e nici mincinos
1
~e
1 1
~• n:J pas~onat. ~- C~ele se sprijini cu labele din f ata pe fotoli_ u §i -i~i privi sta-
~-~n se ~!:s~h~: -ar fi.tnieles gindurile. 7. ln z~lele ~oastre_ f ~!f',eile ~e ~a far~
1

,1 cadouri di mult de eel~ de la ora$. 8. Sporti()ele ~1 sportu.,u, au pr1m1t flor1

lntreaga asis~e~µ~ea orgamzatorilor. 9. Demonstratia milifienilor a incintat

EXERCISE 25 T
1 n·1 . ran.slate into English: .
• n acest p
zamentul I unct de Ved t
in ei. 3 Ae or care priveau eri8 oate sotiile au acelea§i dorinte. 2. Spre amu-
. veau de efectuat' 8~e ~ do1;1a _maimute incepura sa arunce cu ban~ne
paturi ~1 masuratori pentru .a marca §anturile, '

15
 ~oselele ~i ale~le noilor cartiere. ~m cum
rece toate hr1chetele mele sint 4.str1 parat_citeva cutii de chib •t .
nevoie de mai 1:fiUlte creioane, ascu~it~ri To~1 contabilii au de [1 Uri deoa..
cate . 5.
au cerut patromlor respectarea dreptur1lo, hricege ~i scrumiere. 6c a~at _ca a.u
necazuri cu nurorile. 8. Am cumparat r muncitorilor. 7. Soa i 81nd1ca.tel
9. _Sint ~n pasionat al curselor? a~a ca doua periu\e de di t~re e au deseor~
nu e de mirare ca mer nvi pentru co 1
acest muzeu s1nt ex g atit la curselepdii·
ca1 cit §I la cursele de automobile. 10. ln
pere ale §COl~lor de _pictura i~aliene ~i fra1
avu t concedm medrnal, socrn au avu t gr1ja de copii. 1
t
:1ceze. 11. Ori de ~se c~tev~ capodo~
e ori sot1a mea. a.
• EXE RCI SE 26. Translate into
English:
1. Lorzii Cancelari ai Angliei au avu
t mre · a car t mari ra.spu d · i
e a ay~ t I~? ie_r1_
· · d" ·· gen
1rectorn n eri n stat 2 L
pus proh~~ma r1d1~arn ehc~en\ei cerceta erali din instit fl 1 · · a consfa-
mspectorn g~n~r~h ~a nu fie de acord rilor. 3. S-a int i~ ~e ~e cercetare au
4. De ce nu 1-a1 mVIt~t pe Brown-i Ia ma cu una sau alta dinl at de ~ulte ori ca
sa? 5 ri . d . J hre 8?lu\1ile noastl'e
a fl a. . acum Ia New y or k , - unul este · · "-' 81 01 o n
Joh n T. S. Harrison, unu l dintre- cei maJohn· L S ·H . dm fam1·1·1a lor se·
foarte am uza nt sa-i vezi pe copii mergini cunos · t: arr~s~n, avocat, celalalt
d
cu funde ro~ii. 7. In anii '50 s-au tur nat cite ~u~1 ~port1:vf1 americaI}i. 6. Era
helice. 8. Toa te produsele- chimice ob+ unele d' r~1,
inu te inm re
mfm
cte"e
o~mele lor albastre
... t t...
saIa a Ia ura a. 9. .Nu ex1. sta... cr1. tern.. con-v m~ __hu?e filme po~t-
ace as a uzm a
cat ego ria Iuc rur ilor comestibile. 10. form ca.ro h""l ., smt
- ., exp
• use .•in
Sortii de i:t u;~ ~ ~ s:· faca pa~te _di_n
imp otr iva noa stra .· 11. Ai ~tiut ca la
12: B oga..,+•· 1 · •. • • ., Joc
v": e aces t or reg mm .
~rile Olimp~cea s~1ancl e tacealsta data
as1gurate pen tru o sum a imesm t mca necunoscute. 13. Toateasa pe
val ·1 ocul ·IP·
nsa.. ·ori e au fost
EXERCISE 27. T_ranslate into
English
the use of (numerical and quantitative), paying attention to-the restrictions in
M ~: determinatives ·in front of uncountable
.
1. a) $ti rile pe car e Ie~am pri mit pina '
.
. acum · nu sint demne de incredere.
b) Fie car e §tire despre act ivit ate a.
astr
2. a) Bag aje le au fost fa.cute §i desfa.cuteonauiilor este a~teptata. cu emo\ie.
b) Da ca fiecare ca.la.tor ar ave a un timp de trei ore fa.ra tntrerupere.
singur bagaj, vama nu ar· dura atit de
mu lt. ... .
3. a) Tre bui e ~a publi~am toa te i°:f~rm
a\iile, care sint necesare. candidaiilor.
b) Fie car e mfo rma \ie I~ este utila. ,
4. a) Pro stii , dra gul meu I $tii bine
. b) N-a m ma i auz it niciodata o pro .rile fl:U pot face bine.
ca iiga
stie _ma1 mare.
5. a) · Nu se compara cu piesa noa stra
(de mobilier). .,
b) Mobila de dinainte de razboi nu
e de mare ·clasa.
28. Translate into English:
-EX ERC ISE
, .. .,
1. De cind §i-a scos amigdalele s-,a · ing . ·ai imbo1nave~ te atit.
de des. 2. M-am-s atu re-t de ie$irile ei iste
1 *
ra~at . nu. se m_ este vorba de baDI,
rice 1
3. Ar fi mai bine sa.-i cumperi niste bretele ?r dM_cite ori a.lat salopeta de~i nu
... no1. 4. . i-abm spla"' . Da-mi cle9tele,
era pre a murdara. 5. Avem nevo1e '·
de un bino · z s1 ·o uso • 6·
cu, _
16
 . _ _
. 7. J?o arta. -oc helar i. de 11:.l yir sJa d~ 8 ani. S. Es . · ma1 ·bun j ~ - ·
te r~g mu lt.a ate-ntie 10 C 8 te0 eel
popice. 9. _Jocul de <lame cere ~ti
cele ma i r,.oi ~tiint e. 11 . Cu no n-t;ele .lu i de '11: l1;autica -este .u~:a~~\de
-..~1. l~ngvi
"ro,i~~. ~
'Jticd g-enera·J..,1n re
ile. - 12. · De pu tat ulu i i-a u fos t pu se intz.cb~ an
re . . In I a " a s 1nt
r emarcab · · ._ eg _tu~~ -cu politica ·_
• .

._ . ..
.
• •

._ . -·
locala. '
.
\ .

EXERCisE'-2 9: Translate
into English: ·
. .

la ·Mamaia:.
. a) · Im i place g~ozay !!isipul fin _de e plajd. · - ,
1 auze~ o muzrna_pla cu ta dm
sp~
b) Se
ori a ram 3:~ un mister. ·_ '
nu tul ac elo r,_ ,sp ris
2. a) C,on/i , con~ult1 to/1la de materii de la sfi r,i tul cartii?
b) De ce _nu
#' scrisul. .. .-
3. a) Est~ i!Ilpo~ibil sa>i inte!~ ut in mn d~ exemplare.
b) Scriertle Im By ro n _a ~ :ap ar
oa ~~e ·_-po lua te. _ • - · . - ·
4. a) Ape~e ~t'.fe~iteranei 31rit _f e mJ,'!_er~le Ia· Harculan_e?
b) Ce-al z1ce ae
O cura de ap
C
5. a) Ne ve~eni_.pe~te ·: 3 _sf~r_tu
r~ or a. : _-.._: ~e:
afl a . Statul J',fryot.
b) Nimem nu §tl8. un de se
r.c~h1l om de- lite.r~.
6. a) Es te i~d isc uta hil ~~!1 ~~~~ Hele~_?. . . : . _ _.
b) Cite scrisori ai_pr im it ~~Ja
tiv e ale cir til or po i_itis te. ·
7. a) Acestea sin t efectele iie ga ·in tra re to ate _efectele personale.
b) A fost oblig~t sa ·4e pu n~
·Ia
-.d~ da,jie.._· .· · , · ,.
8. a) Hai sa facem _o pa rtj da
izi: . . __ _
b) Race~ti da ca _. sta. i. b~ .~1.!,re .
_,, ~ . - ;. ~ . .

fol~owing mrifcziline llOUTJ,S · iising~-

EXE~CISE 3_0. Fo.r!'fl, -fe!'fli~iit~ ~~uifs (rrjm,_the .- -" . . ._
the following suffixes: -ess, -iX:,,.. .
~~; _-'!ine: . - · :. ,. . _ : ~ ,·
.- .

ad
~ mi ni str ato r, su lta n, go d, lion, pr ior / J!egro, hero,
;
. Acto~, host, sh ep he rd· -: . - ·_ - -.--_., -_ - ,-·
. ,
prmce, tiger, heir,- wa ite r. ! . . ":. - ••

J,e -nouns, of the followingJeTJ1,i:..

i . -
-- .

Gi()e t4e. co rrespond irtg ·mascu liT

. EXERCISE 31. a) · -. . . ·
b) then gi" e .the generic term, if- a'f!,y_: ::
nine rwuns;
-_
MODEL: - a) mo the r - fa th er . . , .
nt
h) mo the r - fat he r - pa re nd
,
n- l~ dy , sis ~e r,'. go os e, be e, -d~~~' gra -
hte r, ~~
i~ ~i ier ~o ma n, wife, da ug

f ;n d colu,;,,~ and'ikegenestl'ic no~~

;,. :,Er~s:o umn so as to correspond to the masculili~ nouns -in the 1 ·_column.
2· List the feminine rwuns ;n the
.
~g pig /sw ine
ma re
cock de er
vi xe n
ho un d do g
he n
bu ck , o~:''
~ull ewe
•. bee__.,,. ' ,· ·- ho rse
drone
, hi tc h · ·fo wl
See next 'page as well:
17
 hind fox
stallion sheep
cow
fox deer
doe
ram · cattle
stag sow

EXERCISE 33. Gi()e the masculine and feminine for the following generic nouns:
Cat, dog, pheasant, turkey, wolf, bear, bird, goat, ass, fox.

EXERCISE 34. Gi()e the masculine of:

Bride, girl-friend, maidservant, femal~ candidate, policewoman, lady
footballer, woman diplomat, lady speaker, spmster, lady, nurse~ female student.

EXERCISE 35. Arrange the following nouns into two columns according to their
usual gender when pe~sonified in poetry,. etc. Remember that the masculine
gender is usually as_cnbed to ~ou71:s denofing strength, harshness, cruelty, and
negative features while th~se. denoting d~licacy, feebleness, t~n~ern_ess and other
positive features are fem mine. On the ·•other hand, the distinction sometimes
depends on the author's imagination or intentions:
Friendship, angel!, b~at, 'fury, shi:e, terro:r., car, _crim~, moon, spring, storm,
morning, thunder., evemng, sleep, mght, sun, pride, time, truth, feali, soul,
&~. . .

EXERCISE 36. Translate into .English:

1. Stiai ca premiul a fost din nou cucerit de romani? 2. Este cea mai
moder~a. poeta. a noastra. 3. Sora mea a jucat rolul printesei. 4. Ambasadoarea
a rostit o cuviritare. 5. Era o' fata. B~trina fo~rte excentrica. 6. Nu cred ca
va.duva de la parter este acasa.. 7. Leoaic·a pe care ai vazut-o la circ a fost adusa
din Africa. 8. A venit la.ptareasa azi? 9. E placut cind e§ti servit de vinzatoare
atit de politicoase. 10. Toate miresele sint frumoase? 11. Prietena fratelui meu
are numai 18 ani. J2. Bunica e mindra de copiii §i nepotii ei. 13. Este foarte
?ifici!. s~ ai_ ~e-a face cu astfel de paciente. 1·~--- To~i me~brii juriului -:- atit
3uratn cit §I 3uratele ~ au fost de acord asupra verd1ctulm. 15. Contele §I con-
tesa au rang mai mic decit ducele §i ducesa.

EXERCISE 37. ·Translate into English:

A .

1. Ea este cea mai bun a dactilografd din birou. 2. A insistat sa fie consul-
tat~ de o _doctor it d. ~- Minc~rurile italiene~ti a~ f_ost prega.tite de aj~toarea _
bucatarului. 4. Una dmtre pnetenele mele ni1-a tr1m1s acest tablou. 5. Smgur~
functionard care §tie nemte§te este a cum in concediu~ 6. 0 cuno§ti pe veri-
~oara mea An~? 7. qnd ziarista §i-a reluat locul in sala., toata lumea votase.
8. M-am inttlmt cu elevele din clasa de fizica..

38. Gi()e the pronunciation of the following nouns _in th~ _syn~heti~
~~ERCISE
gemtwe. Remember that there are three possibilities of marking it in writing: s fo
singular nouns and unmarked plural nouns ( e.g. boy's, children's), ~e~o ( 0 ) fo~
plural nouns and some Greek nouns (e.g. boys', Xerxes') and 's or in the cas

18
 of proper nouns ending in j:-s/ /-z/ (e.g. Wiggins'(s)J T !te~e are four forms in
speech: /-z/, (ch ildren's), ( aunt's) /-iz/ (W..iggins (s) /' · · •iz/) and
' X erxes'/b :nz ·
· ,Zd :ksiz/, and' certain no wigi1)z
zero (b oys , in set phrases
for con scie n.ce' sak e) gen era lly obs erc,ing ·the ru fts fushede reg ular plural:
(e.g. s o t
n, the dog's hone
The bo y's dog, the ship's surgeo e, Aldridge's novels th' {!"-10 ';eek's hol
iday,
for goo dne ss' sak
e's handbag Seo ~ ~ man~, rds-
Dic ken s'(s) nov els , Wo
ms , Ge org e's frie nds , his wif
worth's poe shopping, the st~dencfs~ ebs00thi8 los
ophy,
Burns'(s) po etr y, the ir wives' , Marx's
teachings, women's sta tus .

Substitute sylnltheticdgen_ithive for ms for the prepositional genitive

EXERTChISE.f.39.
rme r are gen era y use wit ani ma te nouns, m_ainly with persons,
e _,o ds of
fo~ms.
h _co llec twe nou ns ( e.g . goc ,ern me nt,. company), and_ with certain kinciti es,
'!1it gra ph~ cal names ( continents, countri es,
inanimate nou ns_ den otin g: a) ge? titutions ( e.g.
towns); b) locatic,e nouns dfnoti ng regions~ h_eavenly bodies, insban d)• c) tem-
's we lfar e, the ear ths cor e, the su ns impact, the Club's
the reg ion
( e.g. yes ter day 's rec ept ion , thi s year's annic,ersaries); d) ~ouns of
poral nouns aty, play, bo,ok, car, ship etc. (e.g. the
play's
the typ e: bod y, min d, scie nce , life, tre
s progress):
success, the ship's captain, sci~nce'
car of his frie nd is a Fia t 125. 2. Wh at do you know about
.1. The new He has
cli ma te of thi s cou ntr y? 3. I admired the hat s of the ladies. 4. of the
the e
for thr ee years. 5. Wh at's the nam
been ·stu dy ing the folklore of Wales is is the most im po rta nt museum of /in
new typ ist of the ·manager? 6. Th oth er girls are present. 8. Wh at are the firs
t
London. 7. Th e. par ent s of all the won't say
bes t pai nti ng s of Turner. 10. He
signs of spring? 9. These are the . 11. The interests of the Government lie
life
·a word abo ut the purpose of his ab ou t the Wa r of a Hundr~d Years?
Wh at do yo u kn ow
elsewhere. 12. ha nd of its own peoples. 14. The blo the
uses
-13. Th e fut ure of Af ric a is in the know
ert ism ent . 15. Bob do esn 't even
· of the shop-girls are the bes t adv possible to tra ck the rays of the sun?
time-table of his child. 16. Is it of his car on the road. 18. Do you
17. He is pro ud of the per for ma nce
rel ati ves ?
do ub t the good int ent ion s of my

following phrases in which the

40. Build up sentences with the
EXE RCI SE
itive is the rul e wit h no un s denotin g -time, space, weight: • ·
synthetic gen
in tw o yea r's tim e a fiv e mi les ' distance, a three days' trip,
Today's paper, tw nty
o dollars' wo rth of coffee, a_ tweth1
cou rse , a mo me nt' s re~ et,
a ~alf year's prize, s
ute s' del ay, a po un d's we igh t ye ste rda y's deadlock las t ye,ar's
mm . '
month's edition, a ha nd 's bre ad th.

4 Use the fallow ing set phr ase s in which the synthetic genitive is
'lie EXE Rc~ sE 1.
t rule, in sentences of your own:
ne' s thr ow , to he at on e's wi ts' end for He ave n's sake, a bird's
A~ one sto
dea t~' s doo r, in my mi nd 's eye s at' arm 's length, to my heart's
:r!t :~~ w,f at 's s;k e.
' or conscience' sake, art for art
2* 19
 EXERCISE ~2. Use the .' s g_enit~ve. a_nd/or the of ge,:iitive, ~oting t"l_iat the., s for
is the rule with the classifyin g genitive ( e.g. A.zor is a dog s name.): . _ rn
1. He was exhauste d w~en the (fighting , day)· was' done. 2. There's a (sal
woman, shoes) on. 3. Who 1s to draw up a Menu Card for a· (day -meals)? . ~,
think th~y'B eat their first (me.al, day) in Paris. 5._ What d.9 the' (film det•.I
ders) point o~t? 6. The grass 1s ab~mt a (man, height): 7. This is the '(lar en.
high school, city). 8. He want~ !o hve there, cut off from the ·(world aff ~est
9. Rats _eat up ever! year (millions, pounds~ :worth, stuf!), 10. Afte~ (twcirs).
three minutes, pl~y1ng) she stopped. ,11. I will no_t gratify her whim at
(cost, another, misery). 12. I couldn t stand the mixed smell of unw h e
thr
(sheep, wool), turf smoke and kerosene . 13. There ·was a sharp fight betas ed
·
(WI~ite, attemp_ts ) t o_ga1n
· space ·on t h._e (_q ~een, fl.
~ k).an~.(Black, counter ween
la )
against the ~hite _King. 14. What did·_ he ne_e~ a ,(!ireman , h~~met)_fQr? )s~Y
h:ate ~o see _him with a (t~o ~ays, bea~d) ~n. h~~ ~hin. J6. J'he _{book, .ptiblica.1
t10n) 1s a triumph . 1.7. This ~111 be _the to~ :p~~or1~y,o~ .~he (Lahqur Government
program:µie.). 18. He_looked into the (reah,t~~$~i po'w~r): 19. What is· the (shi '
power)? 20. I met h_1m at· my (lawyer, o_ffice). · .._- . · P,
,;-.
. . ~

EXERCISE 43. Complete !'l:ie :{ollowiri,_g' s~nten~es_ ~itk synthe-tic_ genitic>e forms·.
Note that the second noun 1:s gene.rally· omitted if iLis :· shop, place or house -and
b) that the second_noun .is op~io'f!,ally omitted, if it is church, cathedral , college,
motel, store, when -i~ is preceded by ' a proper_ :nqun:: - · .
....
. .,. :-- :

a) You can- buy bread :at a . -~._.· · ~- Y~u 9an buy t~bacco at a ... ·. 3. You
can-buy meat at a-. -. .. 4 ..Y.ou: can-b uy m~dicine at·.~ .... 5._-Y <;n~_c~buy sta-'
tionery at a . -. . . 6. You caJl ._ buy . E~glish _,gabardi ne -at a .• .. •- ~';· You ca.n
have your -coat, cleaned at t~e .... . ·f f .Y o~ can hav~ a suit made at ~he ...
9. You can have"your -shoes repaire·d at the. ~- .. \O.: I met him at my_. ..
{place, house). . ' C • •• • • • • • • •• • .

b) I did not manage to visit ... . (cathedr~ J). 2. Ha_v e ypu been mto . • •
(store)? 3. We ,. admired the •nave ,of ... ..~ ;(church) .. 4. I.lave you ~een the_.~ew
building of ... (College)? 5. l-f you contract a peculiar; disease go to. .. ·. (Chmc).
.
. . .

44. Use the prepositional dative -with to or for instead of. the non-
EXERCISE
prepositional dative:
MODEL: Give Boh some money.
Give some money to · Bob. ·.· i •

. . . . .
Did you i please. 3.
1.. Would you sell me this old pa1iltI;ng? ~- ~all meat~! ~ Ann the message.
tell y.o:ur friends the good news·? 4. The maid forgot tH~1bought me a parrot;
.5. Ther.e".s nobody who could· write me the ~ssa:Y· 6_. .:b. . He chose me
7. :She handed him the file. 8. You offered him a new l 9
Junny-1o oking hat. 10. Mother saved John some cakes.
. . l Can yov
. the ,node.
EXE<RCISE 45. Make sentences of your own according to
.express them, both ways?
MODlEiL:: a, I
I showed Mike the dog.
.h~ showed the dog to Mike.

:20
 t
- la b - st ud en ts . 2. mentio.n _ 8 ecre _ M y. . 3. describe -
-·· -1:. sh ow 4 · - ~e~ co us m . 5. th h
ro w - ar
ca r - Bo b. . gi ve - m on ey
ar y _ hi s s hall - children · 6·
dw t1 0n 1
ga m e - so9n. 7. 1 · le nd - · n - cu st oc
· tuat10
00 m at e. 8 • pass - wih"
ne
t each -- h . ex p am - s1 mer. 10. te ll - lie - IS
_ yo ur m ot er .
·t .
WJ e.
or for:
EXERCISE 46. Complete wi!h to · . -
od uc e m e .. . ? 2. Who
in g to in tr you ord~r
1. W ho m ar e yo u go yo u ta lk ed .. . ? 4. Who(m) el se (: ) dit d explam
it .. . ? 3. W ho is t~
e m ~n
? W ho (m ) did th ey bu ild
it ua l1u
th is .. . 6. ; · ;h o( m )
it .. . ? 5. Who(.IP) _1s u ke ep in g th is bo ok · · · 9
ng it .. ."? · · · ho
? 8. W ho (m ) ar e yo (m)
did you se nd it .. . ho (m ) ~r e y; e gi vi
r• .• . ? 10. ~W.
did you lend yo ur ca -
-

nglish:
47. Translate ~nto JF
EXERCISE
ac um do ua sa pt am1· ·
1. Ca sa to ria co pi ilo r ·
pr ie te ni lo r no ~t
ct
ri
ilo
a
g~
av
af
ut
~i ~
lo c
pr o~ us o m ul tim e de
ne :a1~
de vdoua lu ~i ~1 da en ti al facul-
2. Concediul m ed ic al ad m 1m st ra to ru lm ca m m ul m de st ud feruJ
zuri. 3. Masina ce a
no ua a
oa sa . 4. Sp un e- i, te rog, d-lui Jo~es, so _
ta tii noastr~ es te in tr
-a de va r fr um
sp al at . 5. L- ai cu no sc ut pe pr of es ;ru l de
du ca m a~ in a la 7. La vi rs ta ei
di ;e ct or ul ui ba nc ii, sa 6. Iata re zu lta te le m ec iu ril or de as ta zi .
e? a ce-am mers
enaJeza al ·surorii mel av io nu l es te de si gu r ob os ito ar e. 8. D up m o juma-
0 ia.Ja
torie de 6 or e cu ou . 9. N e- ar pr in de hi ne sa ne od ih ni u a
20 de m in ut e am ·a ju
ns pe pl at
or a~ ul ui am av ut o ve de re de ansambl
in d de as up ra sc de albas-
ta te de ora. 10. Zb ur di n N ew Y or k. 11 . O ch ii ei im i am in ~e u acest
celor m ai im po rt an te
cl ad iri
dm ir a} ia sp ec ta to ri lo r de te at ru-p en tr e
-u ita . 12. A au ne gl ija t. drepturil
tr ul florilor de nu -i na 13 . In to td ea un a
de pl in ju st if ic at a. ·
tin ar ac to r es te pe
·celor saraci.
is h:
-.E XE RC ISE 48. Translate znto En gl ca re spunea
.u l Pe tre ,- ta ta i- Jui George ~i Pa ul , tri ga
1. 1ti aminte~ti de ha
tri .v
2. Sc ri ito ru J a re la ta t celor pr ez en ti in
r di n cartier .? istinei ~i a Jui
pove~ti tu tu ro r copiilo pl ic in d m ai al es tin er ilo r ev ol u} ia Cr toarei Jor
viitorului sa u ro m an
, ex
ii vo r of er i un hu ch et .d e flori i.nva}a
Anton, eroii pr in ci pa
li. 3. Copi
di sc ur su J de bu n ve ni t. 4. Comer~uJ
ad re sa pa ri nt ilo r ri ng er ea Jegat_urilor
de prie-
dupa. c~. aceast~ va co nt ri bu ie Ia st
au fo st invita}ii cole-
er ic ii La tin e
Ro ~a m ei cu ta.rile A m n ca te dr a no as tr a
To ti pr of es or ii di A ut or ul in ve nt ie i a
ex pl ic at
_t~me cu aceste ta ri. 5. of es io na la di n Cl uJ ·. 6. •
t1·c1· m
la o ~c oa la pr ca re er au sc ep
gdor l_o
sefu lm
r de a
· ci· pn··1 e no u1ui si st em ~i of er it co
sau pr m
le gi lo r
. 7. A r !i m ai bi ne sa ra .
~e
, . . ef ic ie nt a m et od ei
r:t~~~~ rezultateloeo r dovezi at es tin d er s m ai m ul t de 5 m m ut
e de la ga
av em de m
acasa Ia G rge, nu
· gl is h: .,· . .
' EX
ERCISE 49. Trans_late into En b ·-
' •

•
•

cul se plm ge ,
•

tr e me
bh
'

pu
•

pr io ar el e po t f dv V

2. A tu nc 1 c.ind
1. Ca • .. au n~ to ar e.
1 a con-
sa se tin a seama de O ic a. 4. Perso-!l~JuJ 1-
V

i:n ui e Im. 3 .. ~ sl a~ 1~
_ m at em at l_e
nt pa rv em t1 . 6. State 01
da ~n at fo un an im ita Sm it h nu si
o mare su pr af~ 5~ M em
br u fa m d1 ei l~ •
Unite au pr od u~ tiv . 7. D in am o a ra m as pe locu
Cm d
8 - Conduce echipa Romat~ ?e 1_teren ap e s1gur c- o sa ia m ed al ia de au r. 9.
iei ~ e ap ro
21
 .
s-a construit o\ela.r1a i a? 10 . Si nt em pe lis
ljase luni. 11. U n ro m ?e la ~e §t \ t pr im ul zb or ve rt _ta da ! tr eb ui e sa a~teptarn
ic al
( telor nu Ii se cere pr oban a \: c 13a T e du ci di se ar a la ~n c~d_1n l~ m e. 12. C an di da .
la orice magazin de ~ or a .: 15 ~i ac um ~tirile pr1ne1pa nu l ta u ? 14 . Se gase
a lui Daisy, sema.nin bJ Ju tern. a~ er a. de papu le. 16 . C am er a de~tz"e .
0 ~i , es te pl in
fumate ieri. 17 · Cfon . cu~ 8 ~ m ea rg a pi na aj un se la ma de fu m ul \igarilo 1
.. u aduc er1c~i1r ~ua 19 Ctt.i peRti ai ag az
18. Banu. n. . ea . . v • pr in s ie ri ? 20. A re in ul SeHrid r
21. M ~ \1 t~nef~1.ts-aua f •t sa ne aJ ut e la sa pa~tur1.
-r
. 22 p t ca p de.., barbgaet.
vo r ex1s t i! ~1 te da te cu pr iv ir e la de . es e o su .
ta m mi m co la re a pe ve rt ic alta de · .
a. ani
,

The Article
EX ER CI SE 1. J nsert defini~e or
definite articles for ir!'defi1,"ite articles.
a" :a ph on c o! P ay at te nt io n to th
articles for introd si tu at i? na l referenc e _use
ucing new in for m e an d th e us e of inde of
at w n: finite
1. I ha ve . or de re d
come. 2 .. . cl im at e .. . was1:ting m ac hi
do ne ~n d .. . w as
lu nc h w as no t re ad es no t su it m e. 3. H ow di d .. . pr es hi ng machine has
rose fr om .. . ar m chy _ye t, m y hu sb an d re ad .. ·. ~a pe r fos re ce iv e it ? 4. Since
he w as ve ry good atai r an d tu rn ed ?n .. . te le vi si on . 5. r a while, th en he
w it h. 7. Give m e .. .. . ga m e. 6. G iv e m e .. . ne w sp ap erI m en ti o~ ed bridge;
rose ou t of th e se a. . ne w sp ap er , I w an t to ha ve ·a lo ok at to cl ea n th e mirror
te ac he r ca m e in . 11 9. ls th er e .. . m oo n to ni gh t? 10. T he th e ad s. 8 .. .. moon
. T he do or op en ed an do
on .. . ra di o th at th
ey d .. . he ad m as te r caor opened and .. .
le ft .. . pr es en t for ha ve co m e to m e in . 12. I hear
yo u. 14.. .. m oo n .. . tr uc e. 13.. .. m an ha s called andd
ro un d .. . su n. 15 . H go
ow ha ve m yt hs co es ro un d .. . ea rt h an d .. . ea rt h goes
m e in to .. . w or ld ?
EX ER CI SE 2. Su
pp
th ei r generic fu nc tio ly th e ne ce ss ar y ar ti cl e( s) : zero (0 ),
n. M ak e th e ne ce ss
ar y changes in b pa the or a/an, used in
M OD EL : 1. •. .
tte rn s:
se ag ul l is a bi rd .

a) A /t he se ag ul l is
a bi rd .
b) Se ag ul ls ar e bi
rd s.
2. W ha t w il l yo u
do fo r .. . oi l?
W ha t w il l yo u do
fo r oi l?
1• • • . ve rd ic
t ha s to be un an im
3·· ••
w it· n es s _may te ll on ou s. 2 .. .. ti.ge r is
. l ger th an . . . lynx
,
ly w h at _he hi m se lf k ar Fren ch
ha ve good wines. 5 no w s t O be tr ue 4
7 - H e' s w .. .. le op 'is th e · · · · t
as te d hi s li fe in se arar d is a ca t. 6. • • • leopa,rd th er pafas~est ca ·
as pa ra gu s, an d .. . ch .o f .. .. rtial to : ·:
tr ou t. 9. T he y ha veun us ua l. 8. Y ?u re ra usic an d. • · h_ten
ra tu re . 19. T he re sp a fi ne _taste in ·a. ·i;:1
on th e R ig ht s of .. on si bi li ty of .. .. pa re nt s is stre ss ; th e Declara:1ie
. C hi ld . 11. .. .. fello azy
ha s be en dr in ki ng . 12
.. .. m an ha s le ft v. : ~oes ~ lo t O ~: o. things whe .. .
hi s 11nprint he re 13. W ha t can
22
 he n he i~ ca st on a far-off island? 14· · · · (rubber t
man. do w ir st
t
.offender) should he reated With sy rn :: :h do, no t, rn~ke
a noise) . 15.. .. (f
te d .. . poor. y. 16· · · · rich
have always ex pl oi
-
·
u p p ly th e ne ce ss ar y article: zero ( 0 ) a/an. Note th t .
EXERCISE -3 . S , a a/ an is used
fo rm :
in patterns o f the

X
IS
became
remained
a
N
st u d en t
X co~?_~~ed I I y a N }•
ge us
ni

rm:
it h th e ex ce pt io n of pa tt er ns of th e fo
w
to get a job as a N ;

~ ce of 0{ headN ast er } ,
T he of fi m
X turned , ling.. ~ist }, - -... ..
1 .

to ac t as 0{ . N t
1n er pr et er
J,

N (u:i:~g~!fice) f
I t~o a r: i: :t } somebody 0 {

in is te r o f F in an ce an d .. . Ambassa-
M
1. He ·h ad se rv ed
his co un try as .. . tr ad e. 3. C an yo u ac t as .. . guide?
F in la nd . 2. S he w as·_.. . ty p is t y
b
cr et ar y? 5. B e .. . foster pare tor
nt!
dor to o f.. . se
ho ld th e offjce eb st er , . . . Direc
4. Who is going to tw o de pu ti es , th e ec on om is t M ar k W reer U. N. officer.
ca
6. He ha d th e help ofio n D iv is io n .a n d .R o y W il ki ns , .. _·.
p ar t of .. . solicitor
of th e U.N. P op ul at as . . . w ai te r. , 8. H e' ll be ac ti ng th e
b ts was imprisoned
7. You can ge t a -jo st le in w hi ch M ar y ., . . Q ue en of S co'fully well deserved
e
next week. 9. T he ca e be ca m e ... ·. un w il li ng sailo:r. _11. H
w or th a vi si t. 10 . H . H e sp en t hi s adolescence _as .. .
is l. 12
ra n k of .. . ge ne ra 13. H e w as .. . firni believer ·1n th e
to be awarded th e d .. . fi re m an . e.
se_aman , .. . pr os pe ct or an
ec te d . . . P re si de nt of th e Confere1;1-c
. H e ha s be en el tu rn .. . detective.
trmmph of good. 14 at so lv in g a di ff ic ul t ca se h e m ig h t on't
15 · Now he's ha d a go n te n t ac co ~ n ta n t al l his life. 17. I_w · ·
co ·
16· 1 ra th er do ub t he 'll re m ai n .. . W h at ' w it h ev er yb od y finding him
for .. . fool. 18 .
~3;.e you ta ke he r ! It 's go ne to hi s h ea d . --
m ispensable pe rs on
finite or zero:
4· Su pp ly the necessary article: de
EXERCISE
o u rs going from • · · h ~ tt
mil · · · 1·
1···
i~
h o t!· ~ : i~ /" ~ t weather. 2. I spen t
a ro o ~ . 3 .. .. w in
fo ur h
st y ea r w as p re tt y
te r o"f la
lo ve d b y · · · pbeop e.
uth look dow~n m an e le ad er is
yo
ha t ty pe of on k'ldti;IDers. 5. A h u io na bl e. 7. H e do es n' t. go Y · · ·
6. T 8
ir t 18 no lo ng er fa
sh
• • • 23
train because he can neve r find a seat . 8. Nob ody
like d ... cheese but I·
1 thou ght it very tasty . 9. She _has ... you th and she_ has ... taste . 10. Did
you see ... van Eyk e at the N_ati_onal Gallery-? 11. I deci
12. He hope d he wou l~ be insid e the ha~b~n1;r befo ded to stay in ... bed
looked forward to leaving_. .. school and JOining ...re ... sund own . 13. H~
bein g prep ared by the child ren toda y. 15. The numarm y. 14.... dinner is
drop ped. 16. She is suff erin g from ... ~oss of ... mem ber of ... smokers h
have ... bre~ kfas t out on the porc h in .. : wa~m. weaory. 17. The y generaiis
Tak e ... train . 19. Eve rybo dy feels ... spri ng 1s 1n th~r . 18. Don 't driv!.
rasp berr ies on ... mar ket. 21. Cover the root s of ... air. 20. The re are ·
22 .... lunc h was good but ... brea kfas t was awfu the plan t with ... ear~
l.
m~r ket to buy ... fru_it for the fami ly. 24. One can 23. Gra nny wen t to ·
chip s. 25 .... heal th is bett er than ... wea lth. 26. get _tired of ... fish ~~d
nigh t. 27. The part y wen t on far into ... nigh t. 28. It 1s not visible at
The part y star ted in· · .'
~ve1:ing a~d brok e up afte r ... 1:11idnight. 29. Aro und
1n his office. 30.... atmo sphe ric poll uant s turn ... ... noo n he can be fo~d
whic h is was hed awa y by ... rain . mar ble into ... fine dust

EXER CISE 5. Inse rt defin ite or zero artic

in the follo wing sent ence s·:
les before the geographical names used
. 1. .. Brit ish Isles hav e,~ t<:>tal area of abo ut 12~~
islan ds are ... Gre at Brit ain prop er (com prisi600 squa re miles. The largest
ng
Eng land , ... Wal es, and .... Scot la~d ) and ... Irela the main land s of ...
ther n Irel and and ... Irish Rep ubli c). 2 .... Isle of nd . (com prisi ng ... Nor-
Man IQ. ••• lrish Sea and ...
Cha nnel Isla nds betw een ... Gre at ·Bri tain and ...
tive auto nom y. 3. The latit ude of 50° Nor th cuts acro Fran ce have administra-
ss ... Liza rd Peni nsul a and
latit ude 60° Nor th pass es thro ugh ..• She tlan d Isla
nds. 4. TheboundarieJLof this
regi on run from the mou th of ... Tyn e to the mou
th
Atla ntic Cur r~nt reac hes the islan ds from acro ss.· of ... Exe . 5_•••• North
.. Atla ntic . 6 .... Highland
Brit ain com pris es tp.e who le of ·. : . Sco tlan d (inc
ludi
of ... sout hern - Sco tlan d as well as the · mou ntai ns ng the hills and moors
of ... Scot tish Highlands,
whi ch exte nd .from ... Fort h-C lyde vall ey to the
extr eme nort h-we st); .. .
Lak e Dist rict in ... nort h-w est Eng land , the_broa
d cent ral upla nd known ~s
... Penn ines . 7. The who le of ... Brit ain nort h ·o f a
line join ing ... rive r Thames
and ... Bris tol Cha nnel was cove red by ice caps . 8.
The red sand ston e on·.: ·
Cum berl and coas t and the lime ston e mas ses and
slate s of ... Pembrokeshire
coas t in ... Sou th Wal es are nota ble feat ures of the
vari
150 and 200 inch es of rain fall on the sum mits of ...ed coastline. 9. Between
Nev is duri ng the aver age year . 10. The east ern coas Sno wdo n and · · · Ben
t· of Englary.d betw een· ··
Hum ber and ... Tha mes estu ary is for the mos t
part low-lymg. %S")
(Adapted from "Bri tain- An Official Handbook 1

, EXER CISE 6. Sup ply the necessary article: zero or the be,o .f. re proper nouns:
1 W B aeon
. • onde rful view s can be obta ined from t h e t on top of • · · e hey
Hill . 2: • .. Ken dal is a mar ket tow n on ... Riv er ~en owe r . d · ~nd Sout
1
t.3. Co eri b~~n in ... Ken-
both hve d ~or a time at ... Gre ta Hall . 4. Kat heri ne
Parr wa~ orro wda le roa?,
dal Cast le 1n 1512. 5. The view from ... Cast le Hea
d, ~n ·: ·the highest peak in
mus t be seen from ... Surp rise View . 6 ... . Scaf
ell Pike s~ along ... Wrynose
Eng land . 7. We trav el east , mak ing for ... Har d-Kn
ott Pa '
24
 ·Botto m. 8. A·sho rt st~p :furth er ~nd we a . ..
our way tothe: sput~~rn_tip of.: ~-~ra'.s_m !:e! · · · Skelwith Brid ge. 9. We are on
. full 9f tl)e ~ost _fasci_n ating exhib its. 11 . Dke ..10 .... Word
Wordsw.or~h':s Jome .1.2 ...The' road P.~SS~s .~?i/~ottage at ~~~gh M~seu~is
by :
fork b.y ... K1rkston~ Pass I_nn. 14~ Alllblesed 18 _1gh_Fells. 1a. T ~asmere :was·
he.ad of .... ·. Lake Wind erme re. . _ · e nicely positioa ed the right
_ . - - ne near the
(Adapted from " .
. . Lake Distric t")
. . .
EXERCISE - 7. Group_ the following proper names
·
take · '.under the following heads: museums and gall:,.~~~
rd :ng
to the article the
gardens arid pa_rks_, PO:lac~s and halls, newspapers and pe;io% tatre halls, librarie;,
monuments and -institutiQns: -. . cals, streets, squares '
.
~
.
·
Britis h Museum, Tate Galle ry, Natio nal Portr ait Galler 0.
Notti ngha m Pl~yh ouse, . Ro-y:al .Oper ~. House, National Fif~ Vic {t
Theat re,
Trini t Col1a tre, _A.lhert
Hall, Cove nt Gard en, Cam~ ridge Univ ersity Libra ry,
Hy de Park , Roya l Bota nic .Gardert(s), Kew Gard ens BucYk, . hege Libr~ry,
· · nsb org, Wnid
· ter Hal1, P a1ace o f Cristia · sor '· Castle· mgT'am Pal Da~e,
West mms · ' W kl ' imes, aily,
· St ·S W the World
Telegraph;_ Morn ing ar, un, . oman s ee_ Y, ~unch! News of
d, West:
Sund ay Times, Sp~c t!tor, O_xfo~d Stree_t, P1ccaddly Cll'cus, Stran
dway, 11.n-
mins ter Bridge, Wash ingto n ·Mon umen t, ·Traf algar .Squ·are, ·Broa
Charing
coln_Memoriaj.,_. Rege nt ~ve~ ue, _Tow~ hall S?uar~, S~. John' s Road,
n Scot-
Cross, Briti sh Broa dcast ing Cor-poration, -U nited . Nations _Organizatio
: .
land Yard , Roya l Gree nwic h Obse rvato ry; ,_ Engl ish Teaching -, 1\orum
.
.

EXERCISE 8. Forni._ ndun phfa;s_es, according .to -the' -~able. Note_the use, of "the .zero
·a letter of
article with counta:ble noun i _in. th~ sing'ular followed ·by a numeral.,or
the alphabet: · -, _· . . · . · ~-~ · ·' · - · · ~ ..-
. ,.

the alphabet
Article ·Noun · s r- of
.' Numeral or-lette..-'I : ,. . . . ._._

one -; .. ..
act_,
age five .
·book '' three
chapte r elev.en
line twent y four _
huinb er one hundr ed and sixty two_'_
page · .four
0 ;
pa:rt
scene
answer
-· two
B / two : ..
E / five
r •. I
I
.figure C / three
group 'A/ on·e
position · D pour
question

9. Supp ly the necessary .;article: ,

EXERC ISE

a) 1~ •. · · edito rs of_... Iiew spap ers -and ..· .. maga ~ine~ -~fte~ g~ ~~. ·.. ~~-
tremes t 0 provi·d eth eir . ... unim porta
· reade rs· with · · stat1s
- nt facts aµ d_ · •.• ·· .
t1cs.
-
. . - k
· · a11st had been·instr ucted by . 1 • well nown · · mag ·azme to
2. Last year · · · Journ ··
25
r . esident's palace in ... _new African repubr
·t .. article on · · · P!rticle arrived, ... editor read ... first seic,tProbahh,
wri e ·
.. Congo. 3· Whenublish
···
it. 4. • • · ar t·cle
1 began:· ' · ·, h n enc J
h
then refused to_ wall which sourrounds ... pres1~ent ·.. undreds of e ¾d
s palace ... , 5' .. steps
lead to ... very hig reporter back to ... palace instructing him · t · · •edito
iromediat~ly sentt. · · exact number of ... steps and .. .. height af · · . salll!
. t find OU · · · ·
time O (A 1 e X a n d e r _ p .
0 ••
• want
ractice & p
_ rog~ess)
. torians have long been puzzled by •.. dots .
· · hhishave been engrave d on ... wa11
b) 1. · h. d b ' · · · 1ines
s, an ones and . and . .
symbolsa:~:ths 2.... nomads who made these m~rkings lived.by iv?rrtu~k~
of•·· m fishing during ... last Ice Age. 3.... historians have b. ·.• ~unt1ng
a_ndd byt·t·h·at this difficult code is connected 'Yith ... passage of eedn able to
fm ou · · . . . f ac t , ... pr1m1· ·t1ve
· type
- of · · · alays and
. . . phase S of . ·. . .moon. 4. 1t .is, 1n
11 t . I
5 scenes depicted on ... wa s were no s1mp y .. ,. form .artist" . . . c endar
: · • ·6 They had ... definite meaning much more difficuof lt for ic
.
expres-
sion. •
of today to understan d. ·
• • . people
(From "Reader's D~est")
.
EXERCISE 10. Supply articles-where necessary: \

1. Nearly all ..._·furniture had ~een;, taken out 'Of ..-~ dining-room. 2....
big piano was put 1n .. ·. corner a:r:id -then -there ·came ... row of -flower
pots
and then there came . . . goldy chairs. ·3.· That was. for .. ·; . concert. 4..When
Sun looked in ... white-faced man sat at ... pi~o - not playing, but banging
at it. 5. He had ... bag of ... toqls .on ... piano ~nd h~ had stuck his hat
o'!1 ... statue against ... .w~lt 6. -~O._ they ,~ent i.µtQ .the dining-room; ._,-~red
ribbons and . . . bunches of . . . roses · t10d up . . . table at . . . corners.
7. In ... middle was ... lake with.... rose-petals floating on it. 8. 'That's
where ... ice-pud-ding i_s to be', said .. ·. Cook~ · 9. Two silver lions wit~:.,
wings had ... fruit on their backs. 10. And all ... winking glasses and s~mmg
plates, -and all . . . food! 11. 'Are ... people going to eat ... f~od ?'_ asked
Sun. 12. While they were being unbut toned ... Mother looked m with · · ·
white thing over her shoulders· . she was rubbing ... stuff on her face.
13. 'I'll ring for them when I wa~t· them, ... Nurse;' . · ")
. . f.
(K a t h e r i n e .M a n s 1 e Id ""un and Moon
- l'
· ns·linked
EXERCISE 11. Insert definite, indefinite or zero articles. Note th at nou
by and/or take the zero article ·
· race·
1 Wh
· at •... man has done, ...· man can do. 2· He wanted .... to be · · . h s
horse ae
8 4
horse hand wm ... Derby. 3. I am adam ant about k. ·Af1d
iow shelves. 7_.d~f
co~e o~e. 5. Why not turn ... linguist? 6. • • • b? 0 8 1 en 9, He is afrai e ..

1f
beheyes In • .. woman. 8. He insist ed on .• • nap in · · · ~rls '.want to h00 iie
not~Ing, • • • man or ... beast . 10. More and more young-~ es collapsed-inc;eas0
:ad\~~man eci. 11. ... rivers burst their ~ank i · ·j:n~tron is on···. weig~t,
0
~ ave told me she was in ... hospital. 3· pepper bY d·speaJollg
agam. 1_4. The end is ·in ... sight. 15. We don't se11 ~; · in .. ~ ban ' . Nether·
yve sell It. by ... box. 16. He- was sittin ~ there, · \¥esi GerlllanY, · ·
m · · · whisper. 17. He is away on ... trip to · · ·

26
 will he visitin
lands, ... Un ited Sta tes . (where he We st Ind · g. ··S out h Dakota ' · · ·
Niagara Fal ls, ... Yo sem ite dValley), ... : _' .' .' cPeop1e'~ Repu~lic
· .. · . Ph ·1
11p · e~ an ... Sov iet
· p1n · Un ion. ies
18
of China,
is ... sad sig ht. 19. He 1s alw ays on life ... run and she is alwastle.1 1n ... rullls
will hav e chan ed ays n • .. h-1;1rry.
20. Do you thi nk our pat tern . of ... n and ... wife. 22 g al lot by ...· year
200 0? 21. He ma de the m ... ma
· fl. ht t Al n d .
ria on . . . Med iter . · · Sea
· ran ean 23 was on ...
· P .ane
domestic ig - o . . . exa
oun tan t or ... builder. 24 · TWe have
no job for you wh eth er _you are ... acc ... son ·for six years ..· hey have
cto rs of ... min e, ... fat her and
been dire
:
EXE RCI SE 12. Insert definite, indefinite or zero articles
of Sociology at ... University of
1. Pet er Tow nse nd, wh o is .. : Professor. ... chairman . of ... Child
Essex, is ... me mb er of ... Fab ian exe cut.1ve and
Ac tion Gro up. 2 .. ·.. gov ern me nt seems to exp ect us to live on... diet
Poverty
... bre ad and .. ·. ma rga rin e. Do we hav e to go to ... sales for ... clothes?
of
eav our ed to give puhlicity'for ... advan-
3.... Int ern atio nal Wo me n's Ye ar 1975 end
bei ng ... equ alit y, ... development
cement of ... women, its cen tra l _theme
pea ce; ... yea r wa s ... tim e to eva lua te ... progress hut ... work
and ...
full y in.~. economic, social and cultural
must go on unt il ... wo me n -pa rtic ipa te
In... ear ly soc iety... women were .. .
development of... Soc iali st Bri tain.. 4. n in ... household and _in .. .
al and occ upi ed ... -lea din g pos itio
men's equ
society. · "Mo rnin g Star") _
(from

EXERCISE 13. Sup ply articles where necessary: .

y live in ... gre at bar n o
_ f ... fa~ni-ho~se. . .. _iµsid~'s like .._.
a) The
wit ~ som e rea lly lovely things. ·Th~y
museum, full of ... old jun k mix ed up and
the y'r e . ma dly pro ud of it.
rs
have been the re for ... hun dre ds of yea
ng for the m and of cou~se ... re~uU
!he y wo n't let any one do ... single thi one, Marfan,·wear~ • •. •
18 tha t• ... place is in ... mo st frig htf ul me ss. Th e old er
school bla zer . Th e you nge r one IS
lo~g skirts, almost to ... . ank les and ...
is•qui te ... old doll, 'dressed in all: · ·
said to have been_ ... bea uty hu t now sh~
· hai r wh ich . is ·co·n sta ntl y fallmg.
colours of· _. • rainbow, wit h ... dye d red • • • •
j.

. . (A ng us Wj Iso n ~ "Raspberry
Jam ")

· d
b) Big L ·e ~e~ t out by : .. day to ... hou ses of ... sec ure and le1s ure
ladies to wasanm per fec tly·: some ,of · · d
ladies even ~J tir silks and hne ns. She did1her wo rk
slo w ma ss of. • • • woffi:an, coloure
slow bec
hac k
aus
hur t
e
mu
of
ch
h::~~n
· • . sound black er so. She wa s . ; . gre at,
fsize
sav
a!ld
e for
bec
her
aus e
pal
...
ms
big
and .... fla t of her fingers. She :was
·
nd
vei ns in her legs hur t her a her
.
0 • • tim e.
• .

EXEacrsE 14 Su l , ·
· · :pp y a, the or.the zero article·· · ·
1· L on bf · ·
heliev d g e ore · · •thly bir th of Ch • bus ... peo ple 1n ~~r ope
climate tha t • .. ear · · ·. rist oph er Co lum
lan d of ... ple nty , wit h ... per fec t
Wrote e0 lay to ... West acr ora rad 1se , .. : ~us
• • • Carribean lans s. · · Atl
ant ic Oc ean . 2. In his lett er... Co lu~
... ferti l1ty
cap e and des crib ed ... abu nda nce and
27
 other·side of •
. d . I d 3 In · · · report sent home fro~
f n 1s an s. · · • d · ·... ·
1
of ... ~ew~- ;~ote " ... islands_ -are fertile _to . , _. extrao ~ mary ·. ?egree. The;.~
f thous and kmds, some 1n.... flower, some w1,th .... fru·t ,,
Atlantic, 1
W
are · · · trees e;t· in dies he wrote : "I -learned. by .. : signs that there, was
4 : Fro_m · · · outh who owned many vessels filled with ... golq." 5. When ·· "
•

kitng mp.l~;:rs re~ched .... Andes and found th for. : • taking , it seern·
. .. : gold _ . e
·d··
- j l a er ex d. h d t I ·t .
that their dream s of ... para 1se on ... ear ' a a as come true. .
I

EXERCISE 15. Insert definite,_ indefinite or z~ro ·articles; Note that co-untable
nouns used in parallel constructions ( e.g. hand in hand, from top to toe) take th e
zero article: · , · · ·
.
1. Out of ... !gnora nce he made ... mista ke af~er ... mistak e. 2. They sailed
throug h .. .. Strait s of Magellan. 3.... school and ... horn~ wer~ far away.
4. I'll
en of ... lane used
start as ... deck h?Y at ..... pound -. ·.. -mont h. 5.... ch1!dr
.
to play togeth er in -_ ... field: ... Brow ns;_ ..._·Page s,. little Tom .. . ·.. cripple
came to ; . ·. :F1nlan dia
6. They walke d along ... ·North_ -Stran d R_o a~ till they
..
House- and then turne d· to ..• right along . ·. .- Whar f 'Road . 7. I _went from
.of .. .. peopl~
room . to ....roo'? ·singing. -8 .. At . ,· . Victo ria ,;5t~tion ; . : cro:w~
police
presse d to ... 9arria ge dqors. 9. That s an order, . said;. ·. MaJor .Dunn . 10 ....
is Hotel. 11 ...
officer Dan Taylor. stood,,,guard over her outsid e ,...· St-.- ,Franc
..
judge J ames Taylo r:.w~s-not lenien t.-12; .7~• Chinese langu age.is totall y unlike:
n alphab et ·.
Japan ese. 13 ... Japan ese have transc ribed the~r langu age into ... Roma
n
as well. 14. I th-ought·about it.:. day and .... night. 15. _T hey tranS) Ilitteq t~~levisio
C!,lrved
pictur es hack to .· .. earth. 16.... earth sh~ne ... brillia nt blue green,
as ...
at ... horizo n, again st ... blackn ess of . : . space, below -th~·.. two ship~
cup.
Soyuz trailed .... Apo Ho. ·1 ?,. She_.set~led down. to sip ... ~ea fro:qi ... paper
19 ...
18.. .·. crocod iles can ))e _·h red_,~9,Pmer cial!y j~~t like .- . : _cows or .._~,'pigs.
forced
lava and ... _a sh from ... .l\i{¢.rapi V9lcan<), ... Centr al , J awa have
Jays about 40-· egg_
_ s ...
170 "famili es:tfr· flee their .hq'me's .. 2,0.·. : fein~i~ c rocodile
year. 21. .. farm life does~ 't agree •with tbirii.: 22·..?he_was.traini ng for. ~
.·. _Swan
e·-j:>ark : reduc-.
Lake. 23 ... lack of .. : parkin g· space forces. ~ .• ir10torists to d~uhl
ing... wide street s to·.• . .· narro w fanesi..24;· Tli~Y discov erea .. : fossils
of.:.
bony fishes on . i • field trip· tq .. ~ ..Ellesrµore IslaIJ,d_in. : . Artie. 2q. '(4e fire
ild,
broke out near ... Lake Heme t, south of ..• moun tain resort of . ·.. Idyllw
and burne d to ... south east.
(Adapted from the press)

EXERC ISE 16. Insert definite, indefinite or zero articles:

1. His second hook, just on ... ~arke t in Franc e is due for ... publication
peace
in Britai n in Febru ary. 2. He had under taken to offer ... Britis h .' ..
~id. 3.. He ~aid he was there to make ... peace . 4. He
was senten ced to twenty
• head
years impris onme nt by ... Nurem berg Tribu nal. 5. ·Dr. Jim Parke r, ..
b~~
of Bosto n's neuro -surgi cal clinic sai~ ... ip.juries had _c ause? ... irrep~ra
damage. 6. • • . race marsh al was hit by ~ .. wreck age . durmg ... ,accide_
n
histor ical inform ation
7. · · · templ es of Pagan are ... valua ble source of
for • ~ ·. schola·r.s · and, of la~e, .. _. touris t·~- 8. · ... e~pio rer Marco ', Polo ~:~
·
amon g those Impre ssed by Its splend our. 9. How do yoti treat ... mal_ari
in···
10. The novel ~r~a~ed; .. great sensat ion. 11. The plane came to ... 'halt
day,
marsh land adJom1ng ... Kenn edy ,Airpo rt durin g ... take off ·yester

28
 .
. S h e- is on : · · vacat1 in · r"1d
e w as · k il le d in
_ .. . b at tl
b
e. 13
- d ~ .. d ai ry d on .. .chHeb su t e_s.
H ·· an whi
12 · Unlik · e .. . -wh ea· t ' .. . so y eaasnes · an d .. . d ea th P1r5o .ucts,th . in
sa
dustry
m
14 u se s .. . di se · sit- -i~ . . o ac co
·r· .. tobacco cac~ h ab. 'it . 16 . S' he' s n o t afraidt to
lie ,.ot ho rs e in .. . dark.th17
. They
rom es .. . _tob ac o n t lo o k .. . ~ if · · mou . 19 . ..
~ere si tt in g m .. . ~mg. 18.roD n g . 20 . W h a t 1s . . . sau ce f.or · · • ~oose, is. .. .
.w l.
t a re always m 1.. . _aff ect1. 0n b. m d s .. . reason 22th · · · higher .. . ape
abs en
sauce for .. . g an
d er . 2 .. .. 1s n o t a t . . ha~d at helps. 2~. There
s ta il . 23 .
more it shows itb u t th er e' s as b a d .. .
A ll
Will. 25 · · · honey is sweet
n.
. G il l, o n y w ill er st u d y w1·11 m ~ gly.
~o~o·t · ~o .bacl '..s. 26. . .. b el ly full of .. . g lu tt . ed is evk '
is t bee st ing -f . . . b l'm d m en , .. . one-·ey ·in· k· at Ing. 28h. · · • crown
bu . . . .
kmg. d o m o · m s ·t o st • • • ead.
In ac h e. 29 . .. . fish b eg . . .
. . .
27 ·no cure for .. . h ea d
.
1s
17 . T ra n sl ate into English: D
EXERCISE
u n t sp ecial la ra d1' 2 l oc-
u s ca
a fa cu t u n an
azi d im in e~ ta s-lo n d q n ez li n g a te at ru l Old Vic . 3 . I p aacei
°· 1:
M is -a sp .
1.
ay lo r lu cr ea za in tr -u n sp1tal• t t" 4 . A. d
a. . _w 1 r~ ~ cu to ti i ordine !r
torul T • .;.x e~esan gasiti v
_d ar 1:1 u a a v u t o v1avct. ~ re a 1nr~1n~a. 5. Ce v a facet! ·d ac a n u menirea"a
viata, ta m ~ a~ su l ~1 de
zo 7. O
m ea e ~1~10.asa.
discipl!Jla ~1 d et estr eb m sa sta1 in c~ sa c~nd:_v re Organ~zat1a Natiunilor Unite
~i ciment? 6. A r sa explo~~z~ spatml.co~nnc._,8: ~a h ar ie re lo r p e care le ridica
a ir
visat in to td ea u n ea u n 1 ta tu in~re st ~ te -~1 depa~. ~I cu lt u ra . 9. Fasolea, oricum
iz ar sa
urmare~te re al
d if er en ta d e n aJ 1 o n ah ta te , ra
rt e d ~ fa m il ia felinelor. 11. Cit
v ia ta politica, {ace p a ana.
to t g u st d e fa so le ,a re .: 10. L eu l i, d a r n u n eg li je az a n at u ra um ala-
ai gati-o, n at u ri 15. C
ra ? 12 . 0 in te re se az a st u d iu l ea q m u la j. , 14 . E b u n profesol,'? ar sot ~i
e o n it at pis~c~a. ~ 7. V a dep a tqamnii
cl
u i sa ci n te d em
13. Poetii ar tr eb a. -· 16. Ri~ul es te m a i~in ~ e ~e~it D u
te ~1 .muz1c10n1. 19.
to ~ a u ziua/no_ap a fost v en er_a t"d e p o ei 1 ;t ar an 1 lt ii n ii 40 de ·a n i monumeritele
sot1e. 18. Fluv1ul ta p ro st c u sa n at at ea . 21. l! l u d e su fe ri t d in ca u za polua.rii
_
vine ia rn a.. 20. . S e A cr o p o le :a u a v u t m ai --m u lt a m u n ta b lo u b u n de Baba.
p· re a _s a
de m ar m u ra ·d e tr u se co le. 22. T ar e a~ v tr -o in ch is o ar e in al ta , p en tr u
a-i
el e p a
decit in ultim i~
a ti d in
ti er au ·t ra n sp o rt m sp re ca sa , d o m n u l X , pre~ dovei,
edintele
in u ti i co m un
23. D et ln d ru u l Mol
pi ed ic a sa se organizeze. 24. a a v u t lo c la S u ce av a, in N o rd
fm re
a ap ic u lt o ri lo r, ca rn~ational- -~ t9. p en
i.
recentei reuniuni call1 -la ,. ~erqpoFtul_ .
in, te ~

es ,. . -.. ~

v a face o sc u rt a
~
..
~ ~

.E n g li sh :
EXERCISE 18. Translate into m it re sc u . 2. Regu~
il~
e: d e .I o n ,D u
~ i o p er c ! 4. Griul s~ maC
I~a
ar a a a v u t lo c p re m ie ra :u n ~ { n re sc m u lt n o ro
1. Ase
ru a fi in ca lc at e. 3. It i d o t in te rp ~ et . 6. Noi t.~ebm~
n~ sc a d re p
n:nstnt facut_1e pe ?· I s- .a c e ru t sa se rv ea ad u ce i1 !e x tu l cuvu~t cu
1;1e fa in a. o ri ei . 7. N u _ tr
P _tru .a o h i 1 se n ti m en tu l d at u m u le st i 9 A u ofer1t u n -co 11. Nu
cted la
m tm er et u lu
!! ~ ;: fi ra n as cu t in sa tu l
H
p o d u l Grozave13 ~ti. i
· 8· C re an g a s- a ac e 10 L o cu ie sc a p ro ;p e · d ; · u n . · I nt rat, '
b
ee P al rt iv
res~a~ rantul A thulen · +• • •ea la . 12. 1I co n si d er am sp o ay
1
et ct
scriro cu cr ei on ' scriev 1 cu ce rn
in fa ta c u el . 15. N u p e· B r? a~ w e
va 1 4· N-a~ v_rea sa o p u n fa ta es er ia d e o la r n u es te O _rarit_at
te re sa n te . t6. M
u n u l.
se v af ' 8 te
le ~ ce le _m ai in m o n u m en te le s~ e 1~to:ice~
in R o m f~ ~ ta 1 ~ e n tr u a
u ; Jr g o v i~ te , o!a~ c u n o s? u t p a l. 18. N u si n t tn m as u ra..sa_ v
va deveni t~ c 10 u n p u te rn 1 c c e n tr u in d u st ri a r·a larga.- 19. ·D e re g u la b se
sc
spun daca ac es t m et o d e au fo st in tr o d u se -p e
e 29
 spune oamenilor sa viziteze Muzeul Britanic, Manastirea ~estmin~ter, ~iata
I • I Piccadilly ~i Galeria Tate. 20. Daca va fi numit director, o sa incuraJeze t1nerij
,. speciali~ti.

EXERCISE 19. Translate into English paying attention to the use of articles in
English set-phrases:
I . 1. Am sa-ii spun alta data, acum md grabes~. 2. Ar_ tre!mi sa lucrezi mult
~~ sa-iitermini experien/ele. 3. Nu pot sa vin la tme _cac_1 m~ doare ~apul ingro.
.
I
z~tor. 4. Imi pare rau dar te-ai fdcut de ris. 5. Cu p71-/m tim]! in ur'!'-a 1-am va~ut
§1 pe fratele ei. 6. De ce face atUa caz de succesul Im? _7 •. Lm !o~ _1-ar place sa se
plimbe cu bicicleta ta. 8. E timpul sd pui capdt aceste1 s1tua\11 r1d1cole. 9. Regret
dar nu sint in mdsura sa-ti spun.

EXERCISE 20. Translate into English:

1. Nici nu-mi vine sii cred ca materialul acesta costii 3 lire metrul. 2. Dan
ci~ta la vioara 6 ore pe zi. 3. Ne intilnim o data pe siiptiiminii la hanul ,,Pasul
01tuz". 4. A§ dori jumiitate de duzinii de ace. 5. Acest vers trebuie spus cu
voce tare §i sigurii. 6. Ce fiipturii ciudatii ! 7. Faptul ca nu vorbe~te limbi
striiine il dezavantajeazii. 8. Aceasta a fost intr-adeviir o surpriza ! 9. 0 duzina
d_e ace costii un penny. 10. Lasii-1 in pace I E furios. 11. Ei n-or sii ·ne dea dic-
t10narul in schimbul cartilor cu poze. 12. Apartamentul 3 e la parter. 13. Tre-
nul a sosit la timp. 14. Substantivul "rickets" este urmat de un verb la singu-
lar. 15. Nu ga.sea cuvintul de care avea nevoie sii-§i exprime nemultumirea.

EXERCISE 21. Translate into English:

,,Ipu adunii armele, le duce in ascunziitoarea lor, pune capacul ~i acopera
totul cu pa.mint §i iarbii; ma ia a poi de minii §i pornim spre firul galbui al apei
~i cu cit ne apropiem cu atit sintem mai atenti. Ne uitam de unde bate.vintul
§i unde e soarele ~i unde e apa".
(Ti tu s Popovic i - ,,Mo~rtea lui Ipu")

Other Determinatives
EXERCISE 1. Make up sentences in the table below. Note that the items listed
in the first column are interchangeable with the definite, indefinite or the zero
article and that they are all mutually exclusive:
a)
the
my, your, etc.
this (N sg)
(N mass)
these (N pl) visit is a big event for her
no drills are difficult
whose (?) wine has been spilt
which (?)
(much) (N mass)

30
 . ., . . M zeul Britanic, M3:11astirea Westminst
spune oamenilor sa v1ziteze Du ., va .
fi numit director, o sa incura· er, Pia.ta
Piccadilly ~i Galeria Tate. 20. aca .
Jeze tin.er··11
speciali~ti.

EXERCISE
. E l'sh paying attention to the use of .
19. Translate into ng i articles in
English set-phrases:
x +· lta data acum md grdbesc. 2. Ar trebui sa Iucrezi
1 Am Si1·y l spun a , . 1 t· " · "d
~i sa~\i termini experienfele. 3. ~u pot 8~ vm a me _ca~I m~ oare ~apul ingro.
rnu1t
zitor. 4. lmi pare rau dar te-ai facut dens. 5· Cu P~tin
~i pe fratele ei. 6. De ce face atUa ca: de _succ~sul lm? .7
timl! in ur'!'-a 1-am vazut
·. Lm ! 0 ~ •1-ar place sd se
plimbe cu bicicleta ta. 8. E timpul sa pui c~pat aceste1 s1tu ain r1d1cole. 9. Regret
dar nu sint tn miisurd sa-\i spun.
·
EXERCISE 20. Translate into English:
1. Nici nu-mi vine sa cred ca materialul acesta costa
3 lire metrul. 2. Dan
cinta la vioara 6 ore pe zi. 3. Ne intilnim o data pe sa.pt
amina. la hanul, Pasul
Oituz''. 4. A~ dori jumatate de duzina de ace. 5. Ace
st
voce tare ~i sigura. 6. Ce faptura ciudata ! 7. Faptul vers trebuie spus cu
straine i1 dezavantajeaza. 8. Aceasta a fost intr-a_deva.r ca nu_vorbe~te limhi
de ace costa un penny. 10. Lasa-1 in pace! E fur10s. 11.o s~rpr1za. ! 9. 0 duzina
\ionarul in schimbul car\ilor cu poze. 12. Apartamentu E1 n-or sa·ne dea dic-
nul a sosit la timp. 14. Substantivul "rickets?' este urml 3 e la parter. 13. Tre-
lar. 1.5. Nu gasea cuvintul de care avea nevoi,e sa.-§i at de un verb la singu-
exprime nemuliumirea.
EXERCISE 21.. Translate into English:
,,Ipu aduna armele, le duce in·ascunzatoarea lor,
totul cu pa.mint ~i iarba; ma ia apoi de mina §i pornimpune capacul si acopera
~i cu cit ne apropiem cu atit sintem mai atenti. Ne
spre firul galbui al apei
~i unde e soarele ~i unde e apa". ·uitam de unde bate vintul
' ,._, , · ·
(Tit us Pop ovi ci - ,,Moartea lui lpu")
,·

Other Determinatives·
• EXE~c1sE 1.. Make u~ sentences in
the table below. Note that the items listed
m ~he first column are mterchangeable with the defin ite, indefinite or the zero
article ~d that they are all mutually exclusive:
a) I •

the
my, your, etc.
this (N sg)
(N mass)
these (N pl)
no vi~it is a big event for her
whose (?) dulls are difficult ·
which (?) wine has been spilt
(much) (N mass)

30
 b)
a/ an
every
each visit is a big even t for her
eithe r book will do
neith er

c)

0 (N mass)
some
any
1 wine will do
0 } wine has been drun k .. .
............... enough.... ................. ....... ....... ........................
0 (N
some
pl)\ ........................................ ...........................
bridges collapsed
any Did ... bridges collapse?
!oug h } only he has given ... examples

EXER CISE 2. Make up sentences in the

table below
precede the definite article (or, possessive or dem . Note the item s that can
and the patt erns of thei r combinations: onst rativ e dete rmin ativ es)

0 visits can be boring

all } the
both
(of) my, .. visits were enjoyable
\ those
·················-----·········---· -------
the
half

a third of the
(of)
l my, ...
thoii,e
visits were enjoyable

visits were big even ts fot her

two sixth s of the

five times the} amou nt ·(is needed for •..)

double this

twice a
ever y/ each

what a lovely creature I

········-·--············---···-··· 1- --· ··--·---··-·······
such a dull ·b~~kj. -·····
0 rotte n weather I

EXER CISE 3. Make up sentences in the table below:

some \
few t . .
(of the) visits were annoying to her
:~~r al
················ ········ ·························· ········ ················
~
····':,·························
-. ....... -- -.. -------·····-········------

31
 ( of the)
·········1····· cake has been left .. .
enough
little r
much I
················· ··· ·· ··· ··· · ·· · ·. ..... ··· ·······
of the visits will flatt.e r her
/each/ either/
neither visit will flatter her
~each / either /
neither

· · the table below noting the behaPfour of car.

4. ~ake up ~ent~nces i~h certain determinatiPes:
EXERCISE
dinal numerals fn combinatio_ns wi
I

three (of the) visitors wore pink dresses

the
every
three
three
visitors
visitors
made a lot of noise
brought flowers
I l
visitors left before five
all (the) seven
I"
I I
.

5. Make up sentences in the table below. Note the non-optionality

EXERCISE
of one in combinations with ePery:

every visit '

{ every one of the visits
........... ........ ··· ······ ··· ······· ······· ·· ······ ········ ··· ···· ··· -·········
each

I
either
neither visit
any (one) of the visits tired her
which (?)

EXERCISE 6. Add the / of the when necessary; state when of or of the are
optional:
. e
1. Both ... kids have much talent. 2. He would -h ave taken half • · · timd
you took. 3. Two thirds ... salaries are "out of this world". 4. Did your~~as
all ... book? 5. There's too much .. . bickering in international po 1 1? ~
6. Every one ... six little monkeys was giv:en an injection. 7. It is half · · d51~
of this _country. _8. A few ... twenty tourists are injured~ 9. Each . • • stu ~~se5
took his share m the work. 10. She took a little ... jam. ~ 1. ~oth • · · t Jue
people were resolved to treat her well. 12. How much is six times•·· vThe
of this painting? 13. Five ... tourists detest drawn-out departures. 14.
place is mentioned in all ... guidebooks.

7. Fill in the blanks with the necess·a ry possessive determinative or

EXERCISE
the definite article. Note that possessive determinatives are the rule with no1;1ns
~en?ting parts of ~he bod~, articles of clothing or _a ny other nouns denotIO!
inalienable possess10n. But In sentences containing activity verbs, the affecte
32
part of the body · d db . . .
verbal . is prece e Y the defimte artrnle when the structure of the
rt of the body:
1 1group stis: Vb-tsmb+P+the+pa of ... face. 2. The waist of the coat
was b 1
was ~~ck with the expression
sity a: ~w · · · ~P~· 3. Th~ dog bit him in ... leg. 4. I could not hide ... curio-
0
t th . ·: • ~rigm, · · · hfe. 5. He struck me on ... head. 6. I could hear .. .
/e grmdm~ m • • • jaws and ... faces ~ere so pale that I grew alarmed for .. .
ives. 7· She kissed the baby on ... forehead. 8. You look quite a sight in ... pink
dress. 9. Mrs. Slate took him by' ... hand and led him up to us. 10. We con-
cealed • • • _pleasure. 11. _You'll have to cut short ... supper. 12. I know where
he stands m ... profession. 13. It gave me a pain in ... neck. 14. I was going
to take ... nap anyway. 15. The thief was shot in ... leg.

EXERCISE 8. Restate the following sentences according to the model:

MODEL: a. All of the money is in cash. The money is all in cash.
b. Both of the cars have been overhauled. The cars have both been
overhauled.
c. Each of the boys brings a gift. The boys each bring a gift.
1. All of the towels disappeared. 2. Both of the children are taking violin
lessons. 3_. Each of the participants receives a card. 4. All of the scarves came
from India. 5. Both of the boys can do with a haircut. 6. Each of the typists
a
should be given trial. 7. Both the students looked bored to tears. 8. All of
the witnesses lost their tongue. 9. Each of the guests wants an icecream. 10. All
of the tenants say you're a laugh.

EXERCISE 9. Substitute every+singular noun for all+plural noun. Make the

necessary changes:
1. The explosion broke all the glasses. 2. That's the sort of job that all
the students like doing. 3. That is my favourite pastime all Sundays. 4. All the
men were thinking hard. 5. The students have.filled in all the blanks correctly.
6. All medals are made of metal. 7. All winds are ill to broken ships. 8. All men
cannot be masters. 9. All Stuarts are not sib to the king. 10. All things have
their place.

EXERCISE 10. Supply each, every or all :

. Note that all is typically used in a collective sense while each and every are
distributive. (e.g. He rang her up every/each day.) Each, unlike every directs
our attention to the individuals, taken one by one. (e.g. 'Good evening', he said
with a separate bow to each person.) Each is the rule when reference is made to
only two items (e.g. each of th~ two books/girls). Every is the rule whenever
there is a numeral (e.g. every five days):
1. Wages differ with ... job. 2. Write do~n ... item you buy and ...
penny you spend for a week. 3. . .. women go m for trinckets. 4. One of the
effects of higher education should be _to develop in ... student a greater ~ense
of responsibility. 5. . .. member 1;1mon sends delegates to the conference. 6.
warmth is sentimental. 7. It 1s not easy to find the right job ... time.
s:{... man has some secret ir_i his life. 9. I enjoyed ... minute of it.10 .... the
leaves had fallen. 11. ... proJect lasts for one to four weeks. 12. . .. (of) the oil

.., _ Limba engleza pentru adm. In Inv. superior 33

 ◄

has been shipped. 13. A new _film is released ... three week
s. 14. He was sitt·
with a child on ... side of him. 15. · .. : ~ak has been an
acorn. 16. It takes 1ng
sorts to mak e a world. 17. In ... art 1t 1s good to have
a mast er. 18. . b· ·.
loves to hear himself sing. 19.... man has the defects
of his qualities. 20 ijd
was to ... appearance(s) dead.
· e
EXERCISE 11. Fill in the blanks with all, both, each:
a) 1. Pete r, George and Don are three boys who live
in the same block
flats but they ... go to a diff er~nt school. 2. Pe~er and
George are ... Ve of
good at math emat ics, but Don 1s bette r at physrns.
3. They are ... good ry
work, and they have ... won several prizes. 4. Pete r and
Don have ... decid:t
to go to a univ ersit y, but George hopes to become a pilot
. 5. They are ... Verd
well know n in the neighbourhood.
b) 1. And~, Billy and Cyril._. . met at four._2. Darr in Y
and Myrtle ... spoke
at once. 3. Daisy and Tom ... dmed out. 4. Ah, Joe and
than two hund red pounds. 5. Dick, Jack and Rust y Tom . .. weigh mo
... ate alone. re
EXERCISE 12. Fill in the blanks with some, any or no:
1. ... person or othe r has spot ted us. 2. I'll see you ...
3 ... . morn ing sun lasts a whole day. 4. She is forbi day next week
dden to do ... washing.
5. Come at ... time you like. 6. He migh t make it as amb
assador to ... remot~
C?untry. 7.... two men are alike. 8: S~e is_ ... fr~en
d of ~ine . 9. Can you
give me ... lunc h? 10. I have ... hes1tat10n m saym
g that 1t was worth it.
11. 'Wh at trou bles her? ' 'The impossibility of giving them
12. It's ... trick to mak e a lot of money. 13. I don' ... education.'
t owe ... man a penny.
14. Let's have ... beer and crab cakes. 15. That 's a
.town of ... importance.
16. The fire will cove r ... evidence. 17 .... Japa nese
sculptures have found
their way to the town 's muse um. 18. He affects it has ...
importance whatever.
19. I'll aban don ... claim. 20. Did he have ... excuse?

EXER CISE 13. Fill in the blanks with some or any:

Note that some is typic ally used in affirmative sente
nces, while any is
typic ally used in inter roga tive sentences, condition
al claus~s and sentences
with a nega ted verb or cont ainin g words of the type : neCJe
r, n~ithe!, nor, _hardly:
seldom; adje ctive s like reluctant, hard, difficult or other adJec
t1ves Wlth too,
verb s like to preCJent, to deny, to fail. .
Some can repla ce any in inter roga tive a:°d negative nditional
sentence~or co offer or
clauses, whe n the basic mea ning is assertive or when
one ma es an
an invit atiqn .
Any can be used in affir mati ve sentences, bu t wi'th a change of meaning:
. his arents
1. If he gives ... trou ble, we will call me : . mon~y2. I have hardly ...
J should buy roy~e~
doub t that he did it. 3. If you would len~ed ~e the
othe r day. 5. If you fi~e
a dicti onar y. 4. I had ... pills recommen They failed
6
us ... chai rs, we'll sit on the terra ce. oo·d. 8. He has scarcel.Y ... M~~eurn.
J;
to turn ou} ·. · · in
dress. 7. . .. of the sket ches a~e v!:Tt gyou could visit
the Village ·
this town . 9. If you had · · · time '

34
I

\.
10. Are you sure you don't want me to make ... ?offee? 11. She 1deni~d1 1h1\
she had sold ... records to him. 12. Would you hke . • • more sa mon: that
you have ... doubts, ask for further explana tions. 14. I~ occurre d to . hif d
her neighbo ur would, if he had ... knowle dge of the acciden t, be very a 3:rm~ t
to see him there. 15. He doubted whethe r it had ... melody for the other hS e -
er:;. 16. At ... instant he might burst in upon him. 17. No girl w~th • · · sens~
gets tired of such a good man. 18. May we have ... enterta inmen~ , ~oo ·
19. Neither of them made ... offer to buy the rug. 20. The tes~ was too d!fficul t
for him to give ... correct answers. 21. Did the film lay claim to having · · ·
sort of political message?
EXERCIS E 14. Supply some, (a) little, (a) few, much, many:

Note that much and many are typicall y used in interro gative and nega~iv e
sentences, while in affirma tive sentences they may form part of the subJect
or come after too or CJery :
1. As she was still hungry , she asked for ... m,o re ham and eggs. 2. Last
year I spent the New Year's Eve at the seaside; there were ... people on the
beach. 3. Are there ... lions at the Zoo? 4. Have ... salmon l 5. Did you have
.... difficulties in translat ing the text? 6. The tea is too ·sour, you have put
too ... lemon in it. 7. There are ... letters for you today. 8~ ... Europe ans
spend their holiday in Brasil. 9. There are ... fine shops in this street. 10. His
lectures provide ... opportu nity for discussion. 11. 'It won't, sir', he said
with ... firmness. 12 .... of my knowledge was dated. 13. The worker s'
meeting bore ... resemblance to their noisy assemblies. 14. He is familia r
with ... of the museums in this country . 15. . . . coin, ... care. 16. . ..
wealth, ... care. 17. There's very . . . accomo dation · near the colleges.
18. Very ... ideas get farther than the invento r.

EXERCIS E 15. Complete these sentences with (much) less, (far) fewer, most,
more;
. 1. ~t _is a fact that the _u:11iversities received ... applic'a tions from studen ts
i1;tten?1ng to study humam ties. 2. Now t~at we have a regular bus-ser vice ...
time 1_s wasted. 3. We wonder why there is ... demand for this model of sewing
machin~ than there. used to be. 4. Now that the road regulat ions are stricter
there Will be ... accidencts. 5. Because of the fuel shortag e · · car -Owners h ave
. 'd' 6 h : ·
t aken to b us-ri ing. . ustome rs s owed ... patienc e than usual h t k ·
delayed delivery of the goods. 7. We'll discuss this in ... detail la:r e~
· ·
l n
ing
···
cases there was no mark on the body of the victims 9 There
10
houses being built these days than twenty years ago·· · If sh e a_re is
· · ·thadobe
on e fat
Id t b d
si'd e sh e sh ou ea . . . rea , .. . sweets, and ... fruit 11 W'th .
dows the house would be warmer . 12. I wonder who has m·ad · i . · k. · win-
e . . . m1sta es ?

16. Fill in the blanks with (a) little/(a) little 0 f th ( a) few/(a) few ·
EXERCISE
of the, much of the, many/many of the: e,
1. There is too ... flour left for the pancakes 2 H h
ters. 3. There are still ... people stubbor nly waiti.
;g 1as looked over ....-Iet-
ir the doctor. 4. Tracto rs
now do ... work formerly done by the farmers
money left by the end of the holiday. 6. Mrs K · h. eople usually have
. ean as plant~d ... rose-bush~~
3* .

35
 · .
. e're oing to break our journey and stay ... da
I have sent her. .7. I thmk wh g jam please? 9. He has squandered Ya
in Copenhagen. 8. May 1h. av!o. Now that she has had ... lessons her p··
11 There were ... unoccup ied seats Who.
money his father has le~t im. d · . 4
nunciation has greatly. imp;oJe y · is 'made scientifically. 13. Regretably en
he ai:rived. 12. : · · wmi9 d ~o ~isiting relative s. 14.... p~ople I stopped'
free time I have is devo e We can do without ... thmgs you've list d
h~d
heard of Half Moon Lane. 15· e.
EXERCISE 17• Make up Sentences according to the table:
Note the possibility of using various quantit ative express ions to replace
much or many in affirmative sentences:

There is heaps of food in the pantry

bags of time / room / money
mountains of work to get through
a great deal of trouble ahead
a great am~unt of money in the bank
lots of money in the business
a lot of time / independ ent judg~ment /knowledge
involved
plenty of time / room / :qioney

There are/ lots of workers on strike

were a lot of minor mistakes in your paper
plenty of inspired artists
a great / large number of students protesting about the fees
a good many people waiting outside

EXERCISE 18. Choose the correct expressions on the left of the sentence:
a good deal of 1. There is .· .. fog tonight. Drive carefully.
much 2. I need ... money.
a couple of 3. We visited ... the museums as the time was
lots of short.
a few of 4. My son got ... presents on his birthday.
neither of 5. I hope we'll have ... ice next Saturday.
several 6. The readers · need .. i•light.
less 7. It takes ... courage to fight catching diseases.
enough 8. Mother takes pride in ... her children.
half
more
each
a great deal of
all
each of
most

EXERCISE19. Translate into English: .

1. Nu e nici un pie de lapte in casa? 2. Unele car\i.sin t chiar ieftine. 3
fost obligaii sa inchideii vreun pavilion? 4. Orice coleciie se poate mio<lri
·.Ae
0

36
•
I
 aces__t tablou . 5._ A para.sit confer in\a aparen t fara nici un motiv. 6. Nu ~ti~
· d~c~ vreunu l ~m musafirii no§tri s-a odihni t pu\in inainte de _masa. 7. J?~ca
a1 c1teva benz1 recente putem sa dam o petrecere. 8. J ocul lm nu are mc1 o
incarc atura emo\io nala. 9. Nu vrei sate serve~ti §i cu curcan ? 10. N-a fa.cut
progre se mai de loc. 11. Ma indoiesc ca a luat vreo pastila . 12. Nu-i a§a ca \i-am
dat ni§te bani §i ieri? 13. Nu mi se intimp la niciod ata sa vad o florareasa fara
sa cumpa r flori. 14. Nu a asculta t niciod ata nici o handa de-a mea. 15. Ploua.
prea tare ca sa planta m vreo floare in dimine ata asta.

EXERCISE 20. Translate into English:

1. To\i hanii sint in monede fara valoare. 2. Amindoi copiii au nevoie de
ochelari. 3. Fiecar uia dintre musafiri i s-a dat o floare. 4. S-au vindut toate
discurile. 5. Amindoi copiii sint extrem de con§tiincio~i. 6. Toti prieten ii no§tri
au. fost lua\i la hord. 7. Fiecare membru al expediviei ar trehui sa incerce sa _se
od1hneasca pu\in. 8. Amindoi vinatorii au venit acasa cu mina goala. 9. Fie-
care dintre cei trei ~oferi a fost amend at cu cincizeci de lei. 10. Din cauza cetei
s-au suspen dat toate cursele aeriene. 11. $i Boots ~i Rusty §i Fatty sint foarte
buni la istorie. 12. ln familia Brown fiecare are cercul lui de prieteni.
EXERCI SE 21. · Translate into English:

1. Pu\ine intrece ri sportive sint privite cu mai mare seriozitate. 2. Multi

dintre muncit orii uzinei noastre urmeaza la seral. 3. Majori tatea timpul ui se
poarta cu mine de parca a~ fi sora ei mai mica. 4. Ni~te prieteni de-ai no~tri
staula noicite va zile; trehuie neapar at sa-i cuno~ti pe toti. 5. N-oinvidiez de~i are
o groaza de bani. 6. Sint bani multi la banca? 7. Peter are timp berechet, dar
nu §tie sa-1 foloseasca cum trehuie. 8. Ei or sa faca foarte multe cadour i de
Anul Nou. 9. Am multa incredere in tine. 10. Doar trei zile ne despar t de con-
ferinta. dar sint inca foarte multe lucruri de fa.cut. 11. A existat o oarecare
rigidit ;te in ti~pul repeti\iei: 12. Pe ~ul\i. oameni ii interes~aza pos~ul de
radio local.1 3. C1teva z1are au mserat reportaJe despre acest ~antler. 15. T1mpul
probab il pentru.~miine: vr~me insorita in majorit~tea loc!lita til?r. _16. Se pot
face multe studn arheolog1ce in Dobrogea. 16. N01 export am o cmc1me din fil-
mele noastre. 17. Nu prea sint sperante sa se faca bine. 18. Ma due in dormit or
sa ma odihnesc pu\in inainte sa ma schimb- pentru spectacol. 19. Pe mai
pu\ini oameni ii intereseaza astazi vie\ile arti~tilor. 20. Filmul a dat na~tere Ia
multe controverse.

The Adjective
~XERCIS E 1. Attach the appropriate adjective-forming suffix to each of the fol-
lowing nouns: - ·
-ar1an though t soldier
-ed !ady chill
-ful ice hope
-ish Turk day
-less Parliament plenty
See next page as well:

37
 -like harm wood
-ly fog self
-some Swede brother
-y speech child
chalk love
snob fool
wind point
authori ty heaven
ghost
month
delight
wall
hour
rest
I
I EX~RCIS E 2. Give the adjectives in -ialf•ical/-ic
following nouns: ·
-ous
or corresponding to the
anxiety , atom, philoso phy fame, · ·
heroism, diplom at. ' musIC, rnd u stry, emphasis , susp1c1on,
··

EXERCIS E 3. Attach the appropriate d. .

following verbs: a ;1ectwe-forming suffix to each of the
-able verify
refresh
-ful submit
encoura ge
-1ng move
mourn
-1ve possess
attract
comfor t
forget
advise
excite
break

• EXE~CIS E ~- Choose the appropriate adjective. lVote that -ic alternates with
-1cal with a difference of meaning:
1. I am fond of classic / classical languages. 2. Caragiale's play "The Lost
L_etter" is a co_mic / comical masterp iece. 3. Everyb ody has realized that
h1g cars are not economic / economical to run. 4. It has taken long ~ears. of
historic / historical researc h to gather all the data about this historic I historical
building. 5. The Royal Ballet' s perform ance of "The Nut-cracker" was ~ clas·
sic/ classical one. 6. Roman ia's economic/ economical performance !8 ~~
longer conside red a miracle . 7. She was quite a sight with tha~ c°"J:Ct;i~al
mical old hat on. 8. Many an innoce nt man has gone to ~he ~lectric 1e c
chair. 9. He is quite an expert in electric/ electrical engmeermg.

38
 v~
~V- L - I V

~XERCISE 5. Form sentences with the following collocations containing adjectiPes

d erwed from participles:
MODEL: a) I've done for her what no living man has ever done.
b) A restaura nt on a revolving platform is no longer a curiosity
. . nowaday s.
a) no hvmg man; the wisest man breathing ; the results obtained ; the sum
required .
b) a ~ev?lvin g platform ; the coming events; the remainin g members ; the
surround ing walls; an investiga ting committe e.

. 6. Make two columns: a) past participles; b) adjectives deriPed from

EXERCISE
irregular past participles of the same verbs:
stricken, died, drunk, shaved, dead, loaded, cleft, cloven, melted, beloved,
sunk, swelled, drunken, struck, loved, sunken, shaven, molten, swollen, laden.
EXERCISE 7. Group the adjectives listed below under the three heads of the·
table.
Note that there are two regular ways of marking the category of comparis on
in English; a) by means of -er in the comparat ive and (the) -est in the super-
lative (the synthetic comparison) with monosyllabic adjecti~e s; h) by
means of the periphras tic forms with more and (the) most (the analytic com-
parison), in case of plurisylla hic adjecttves. A series of monosyll abic adjective s,
such as: calm, cross, fit, fond, frank, scarce, graCJe, prompt display both patterns.
Many disyllabi c adjective s display both patterns too. It is typically the case
with adjective s ending in ·Y, -ow, -le, -·e r such as: clumsy, sallow, humble, clever,
as well as the following adjective s: handsome, common, polite, quiet, pleasant,
precise, sincere etc.
sly, wic\rnd, conveni~ ntJooli~h , a?tive, vague, afraid,_co~inon, ~ed, wound-
ed, thin, pretty, startlmg, stupid~ ~1g, health"l, correct, ahv~, fei:tile, worthy,
pleasant minute-, eager, cruel, t1rmg, remote, early, comic, simple, easy
tender, low, calm, sore, fast, just, docile, prqper, distinct, high, sincere. '
(

b) more+A dj. c) a) -er; (the) -est/

a) -er
(the) -est (the) most+Ad j. b) more + Adj. (the)
most_+ Adj.

EXERCISE 8. ProCJide the irregular degrees of comparison of the following adjec-

tiCJes. Remember that some of them haCJe two forms of degrees of comparison:
1. good, 2. bad / il1, 3. little, 4. near, 5. much/ many,~- far, 7. late, 8. old.

EXERCISE 9. Use the correct form of the adjectiCJes in brackets:.

1. What is th_e (late) informati on you've got? 2. Her (old) brother is called
Jim. 3. We were ma hurry to catch the (la~e) bus. 4. Which is (old) of the two?
5. Who is the (old) memb,er of the stu_dents club_?_6. They got down to business
without (far) delay. 7. I ve got a still (old) edition of the dictionar y. 8. The

39
(old) sister was twenty years (old) than the youngeSt · 9 · _The (late) half of M:
was quite rainy~ 10. I was told to wait ~ntil (far) no_tice. 11.. I wish I h:y
bought it at the (near) shOJi>, 1~. He prov~ded _t~em with (~ar) information a~
agreed. · 13. The (near) stat10n is Calea . Victoriei. 14. John_ s (late~ novel Was :e·
a (good) seller and for sure it won't be his (late) one. 15. He is the (httle) Writ ft
of the two. 16. I saw him meet her at the (far) end of the street. 17. I sh:l~
need (far) help with this.

EXERCISE 10. Supply the appropriate form of the adjectiCJes giCJen in brackets:
1. This is the ... book I have read for a long time (good). 2. He has one
of the ... ~ars on the road (fast). 3. The work you are doing today is ... than
the work you did yesterday (easy). 4. Ann often wears ... dresses than her
C
~other (expensive). 5. Which is the ... play you have l_a tely read? (interest- (
ing). 6. ~he actress on the stage was the ... girl I have ever seen (striking).
7. Tom is ... than his friend (tall). 8. They have a ... garden than ours '
· (lovely). 9. He said this was the ... day in his life (important). 10. He was .. .
than Jiis wife when the child broke the window (angry). 11. He was the .. .
man in the world to do that (late). 12. A: 'Which was your ... subject at
s~hool and which was your ... (good, bad)?' B: 'Physics was my ... and
history my.... (good, bad).' 13. Is Bucharest or Prague the ... from London
(far)? 14. Tom is 17 years old, his brother Jack is 19 and his sister Jane is 15.
Therefore Jane is the ... and Jack is the ... (young, old).

11. Complete the followirig sentences with the suitable forms of the com·
EX:ERCISE
p aratwe of a) equality b) superiority c) . inferiority of the italicized adjectives:
1. John's paper is ... good . .. Tom's paper. 2. The door is ... narrow .. .
the window. 3. Tony is ... industrious ... his closest friend . 4. A dress is . . .
experisive ... a blouse. 5. Ann is ... gentle ... her younger sister. 6. His solu-
tion is ... simple ... mine. 7. This joint is ... tender ... veal.

EXERCISE 12. Supply the comparati<Je form of the adjecti<Jes gi<Jen in brackets.
Note that the meaning of the pattern the comparati<Je of Adjecti<Je . .. , the
comparative of Adjecti<Je is cu cit ... cu atU:
1. The (long) the speech is, the (tedious) it is. 2. The (weak) the patient,
the (great) his dependence on the nurse. 3. The (stormy) the weather, the
( dangerous) the trip. 4. The (hum~le) a 1:1an is, the_ (haughty) her manner
becomes. 5. The (scarce) the food 1s gettmg, the (wild) the beasts become.
6 The (prompt) the answer, the (high) the grade. 7. The (proper) the wo_rd,
the (exact) the translation is. 8. The (narrow) the path was getting, the (bos~ile)
the horse was becoming. 9. The (eager) the child, the (intricate) the quest!ons
he asks. 10. The (fertile) the land, the (little) the amount of fertilizer given
to it.
EXERCISE 13 .. Use the comparative of the adjecti<Jes gi<Jen in brackets with an
,nphatic meaning. . .
e eaning is typically rendered in the case of a) monosyllabic adjective~
.
the comparative form of the respective adjective and in the case 0
This 11?-
by repeating .

40
f
!),arplurisyllabic adjectives by repeating more. Note that you can also use (by)
or ee,,er, or much before the comparative with an intensifying force:
MODEL: a) (Great) attention is being paid to gymnastics.
G~eater !3-nd greater /by far greater/ ever greater attention 1s
bemg paid to gymnastics.
b) It sounds (appealing).
It sounds more and more/ever more/ far more/ much more
appealing. .
1. Her ~ords are becoming (sharp). 2. They are getting (excited). 3. Don't
count on him to do it before. He is getting (tired). 4. His face was growing
(dark). 5._ It's becoming (important) to rely on our own experts. 6. Her voice
was grow11:1g (loud). 7. It is becoming (plain) that he is involved. 8. As buses
are_ becommg (fast), we're growing (idle). 9. His pace is (slow). 10. Fines are
(stiff).

EXERCISE 14. Translate into English:

1. Lucrul eel mai simplu ar fi sa trimiti un bilet. 2. Care din\re ei doi e
mai stingaci? 3. Ia-o pe poteca cea mai ingusta. 4. Spune-i ce crezi, dar evita
sa.-i faci repro§uri .dintre cele mai amare. 5. lncearca sa pari inai interesat.
6. 0 casa. la periferie e mai lini~tita decit un apartament in centru. 7. Nu sesi-
zeaza. niciodata. lucrurile mai subtile. 8. Este o muncitoare mai serioasa decit
Ann. 9. 1i e mai frica. decit mie. 10. Interesindu-se in continuare, afla. ca ea
ca.zuse la examen. 11. N-am evitat decit beleaua cea mai mica (din cele doua
belele). 12. Tu e§ti in masura sa ~tii ca am trecut ~i prin lucruri mai rele.

EXERCISE 1.5. Translate into English: ·

1. Erai mai ocupat d~cit mine la vrem~a ~c~ea? ~- ~l nu Ve a~a de inalt ca
fratele sa.u. 3. Dupa. pa.rerea mea, ea trebme ~a fie ma1 batrina decit el. 4. Asta
a fost cea mai calda zi de pina. a_cu!Il·. 5:, E ~a1 ~are ~:iu _mai mic decit q.ormito-
rul nostru? 6. Ana este cea ma1 t1m1da prietena a fnce1 noastre. 7. Parca. este
mai putin frig decit anul ~~ecut_ pe.v~emea ac~asta. 8_. A__~ d_ou~ portoc~le., ia-o
pe cea mai mare. 9. Copm ve~mulm nostru smt m~1 galag10~1 _decit a1 no~tri.
10. Hotelul acela era mult ma1 elegant. 11. Un te~eVl}Or rortabil este mai greu
decit un tranzistor. 12. A fost p~ departe cea ma1 placuta vacanta. pe care am
petrecut-o vreodata la munte 1arna.

EXERCISE 16. Translate into English:

1. De~i fratele meu e mai in virsta d~cit mine cu trei ani, I?areVmult ma~
tinar decit mine. 2. ln mod cu totul surprmzator, cea,1e a doua Jumatate a Jui
iulie a fost foarte rece. 3: Deocamd~_ta acestea sint ult1mele noutaii; sa spera:m,
ca O sa ne mai parvina_ ~l alte detaln. 4. Este ~dev~ra_,t ca ro~an1;1l J?Olitist care
a.rut recent este ult1ma Dvs. opera? _Inte1;1t10nat1 sa nu ma1 scriet1? 5. Mi-am
~:{ seama din. primul_ mvoment ca_ vre1 sa mtri in cladir~a alaturata care er~
de fapt cea mai aprop1ata banca dm acea ~arte a_ ora§ulm. 6. Am avut de ales
intre Sinaia §i B:eaza.•Am opta~ pent~u pr1_~a, bmeinte~es. 7. Cu cit y_ocea lui
devine mai aspra cu at1t ea devme ma1 domla. 8. El e dm ce in ce mai discret

41
I
 .., . .., 1 g Nici c-a m vaz ut om mai fr
pe masur8. ce ea e tot ma1 pus~ pe re~- . ·
i0. Exprima. acest lucru in cuv mte ma1 simple. Utnos1 tli
EXE RCIS E 17. Use the following adjectives. in pattern a J and
th,, attributive and predicative function of this class. Ior bJ, /lla::tratin
fill these two positions, but some subclasses of adjectivNot e tha t most adJectwes g \.
es can onl y be used attriian
twely:
U•
- interisifying adjectives (pure, sheer, definite,
clear, mere, plain, utte
total, perfect, true, etc.);
- restrictive adjectives (the same, the only, the mai r,
the very, etc.) ; n, the exact, the pre .
. cise,
- former, present, past, possible, old (an old frie
nd) .
Other subclasses of adjectives can only be used pre
dicatively:
- well, unwell, ill
- most of a- adjectives ( afraid, asleep, ablaze, awa
ke etc. )
1. a. a ... man (hungry) 2. a. a ... fool · (mere)
b. the man is b. a fool is ...
3. a. the ... boy . . . (asleep) 4. a. an ... f qlly (utt er)
5 b. the hoy is ... b. a folly is ...
· a. the • • . stud ent (very) 6. a. a ... scie ntis t (tru e)
b. the stud ent is ... b. a scie ntis t is ...
7 · a. the · ·. · g~rl
b. the girl 1s ...
(beautiful) 8. a. the ... sold ier ( r )
.b. the sold ier is . . . a ive
9. a. the ... bab y (ill) 10. a. the ~ .. wor ker (hard)
b. the bab y is ... b.
1L a. his ... excuse the wor ker is
(chief) 12. a. the ... wal l · · ·
13 b. his exc use is b. the wal l is . . . (stone)
. a. the ... woman... (unwell)
14. a. the ... hou se (ablaze)
15 b. the wom · an is ... b. t~e hou se is ...
· a. a · · ·. ch~ d (particular) 1.6 . a.
b. a child 1s ... h~s • • . frie nd (former)
17. a. the ... girl b. his frie nd is ·
(clever) 18. b.a the · · · 1 •· · ·
b. the girl is ... so ut1on (only)
· the solu tion is . . .
18. Form sentences in the tabl
EXE RCIS E
the second column can only be used attr ib!t f:;r ;. noting that the
adjectives in

We can do
I Adj.
I N.

perfect
with out mere idiots
sheer lip-service
tota l recklessness
possible dest ruct ion
iron counter-examples
wollen bars
the same skirt3
old stories
- .

42
 . de, · g atte ntio n to
z pay in
EXE RCIS E 19. Ma ke up sentences according to the mo
itio n:
the order of adjectic,es in attributic,e pos
. Mate rial
I Noun
Det. Qual ity Size Shape Age
I
Colour
I
Origin
I
I I I I I
trian gles
a few long narrow red and
black
Chinese silk carp et
a nice big rect an- old green
gular
Greek nurs e
a nice young
cheerful
wooden horse
a beautiful white
Venetian gondolas
the slender 18th black
century
stone pago das
the little pain ted
grey
cooking-
a lot frag rant · red apples
of
Rom an carv ed bath tub
a luxurious white
mar ble
white silk shades
thin oval
cream- 'velv et evening-
her best long dress
coloured

' es in the following nou n

20. Give the correct succession of th~ adjectic,
.
EXE RCIS E
phr ase s:
skir t; 2. (blu e, frig hte ned , sma ll)
1. a/a n (blu e, was hab le, goo d, cott on)
dru ped ; 4. (cold, turb ule nt! gre yish ,
eye s_; 3. a/a n (As iati c, 13:I'ge, stri ped ) qua ks; 6. a (Gr eek , you ng, brig ht) stu -
dee p) wat ers; 5. (vo lcam c, dar k, tall ) roc ) bric kwa ll; 8. a/a n (litt le, ma rble
den t· 7. a/an (fift een -foo t, pale -red , age-oldent, Pol ish, wir y, elde rly) logi cian ~
Ro m~ bro wni sh) stat ue; 9. a/an (int elliguvi an) sha wl. • '
10 a/~ (fluffy, oran ge, wid e, wollen, Per

21. Fill in the blanks with the appropriat

e preposition.
EXE RCIS E
the ir pre dica tive fun ctio n can be
Not e tha t som e adje ctiv es whe n use d in
The boy is delighted with his tas k).
followed by a) a pre pos itio nal phr ase (e.g.
an infi niti val phr ase (e.g . I am plea sed to see you ) or c) by a clau se (e.g :·
b) occ ur
He was aware that he had mad e a _blunder). A ~um ber of adje ctiv es ma·y
afra id):
wit h all thes e typ es of con stru ctio n (e.g.
offer,. o_n the con trar y h~ was
_1. !}e~rge was n_ot at all plea sed ... the n satisf1ed ... my per form anc e
qui te md ign ant ... it_. 2. H_e has spid h~r dly bee d
ers. 4. We are all imp atie nt
rece ntly . 3. Nob ody 1s afra id ...
5. I was sho cke d ... the new s of the ir def eat. 6. Wh at are you ·d e1ay.,; gi
be so eag~r ... you r pro gres s. 9 . aT~ ~ · i~
7. Do n't be sorr y ... me. 8. Don 'twer e surp rise d · • • the bi't terne ss o f you r
rath er eag er, ... success. 10. We .
ang ry ... mys elf for hav ing mis sed the trai n 12 H 100k d
repl y. 11. I m e
... bein g mis tak · f or·h.1s eh roth er.
asto nish ed ... the news. 13. He was ang ry en

43
 EX ER CISE
22. Form sentences rding to the model. (
vious exercise): acco See th e n o te to the
Pre.
.
I'm afraid
1
H e was angry ' to be to ld th e same
bored he ar he r laugh th in g
furious find she ha d done
indignant nothing about it
astonished

Y ou are glad
content to re st for a couple
)
happy be offered a prizeof days
delighted be pr om ot ed
satisfied
impatient
eager

She is
re lu ct an t
willing to agree w ith her te
inclined comply with he rac he r
disposed spoil her hu sb an si st er 's wishes
d

EX ER CI SE 23. Form sentence

s in the following
table: See th e no te
to E x. 21:

Adj.
\ Conj .
\ \ Clause
afraid
angry he ha d made a bl
shocked there was no esun de r
sa d it ha d blown off cape for hi m

H e was confident
glad th at was th e be st
ha pp y (t ha t) there were be tte r move
-pleased for him things in store
he would be appo
inted manager
no t aware
convinced it ha d happened
-
disappointed he ha d neglected
certain ' he ha d hu rt her her before

1--
44
sorry feelings

-
 EXERCISE 24. Form sentences in the following table. See the note to Ex. 21 :

why Nick meets her

where Nick left it
·Ted is not sure ) when Nick left her

what you're doing

where you put up
Be careful how you carry it
when you start the engine
who(m) you talk to

EXERCISE 25. Translate into English using the adjectiCJes in brackets:

1. Ma tern ca nu-I voi putea ajuta (afraid). 2. N-·a vea nici un chef sa. sup~a-
vegheze copilul vecinei (reluctant). 3. Nu sint sigur daca. i-am intele~ ~1ne
sensul (sure). 4. Ti-e frica de ciini (afraid)? 5. Nu fi a§a nelini§tita in pr1v1nta
examenului lui; o sa-1 treaca (anxious). 6. A fost fericit sa-mi scrie eseul
(happy). 7. l~i pierde rabdarea cind e vorba de ceremonii (impatient). 8. Ma
intristeaza faptul ca n-ai fost la inaltimea a§teptarilor (depressed). 9. Azi
nu-mi prea place mincarea (happy). 10. Era atit de bucuroasa ca fiica ei obti-
nuse bursa incit plinse de bucurie (glad). 11. Era absolut indignat de faptul ca ·
il indusesera in eroare (indignant). 12. Sint fericit ca ai reu~it (sa vii) (happy).
13. Le-a pa.rut rau eind au auzit de accidentul sotului tau (sorry). 14. Ne dam
seama ca vom avea de intimpinat greutati (aware). 15. Le-a pa.rut rau ca sotul
tau suferise un accident (sorry). 16. Sintem foarte fericiti ca sinteti in mijlocul
nostru (glad). 17. Ai grija sa nu strici robinetul (careful). 18. Noi dorim pacea
~i colaborarea intre toate natiunile lumii (desirous).

The Pronoun

EXERCISE 1. Substitute the corresponding personal pronoun ( s) for the italicized

nouns:

MODEL: Patricia is waiting for her cousin.

Patricia is waiting for her /him.

1. The boat/car is sinking fast, isn't• • . ? 2. One of Tom's friends h t

into the semifinals, hasn't ... ? 3. The child is hungry isn't ? 4 ays go
. '
cousin is a boxer, 1sn t. . . ? 5 . Th b b ·
e a Y 1s asleep isn't ' ? 6 Th · our
. • · k
· · , ? 7 Th"1s ,boat/car 1s '
• a beauty, · ·... ?e ·s.
· ·isn't er
speaThe
1s rather _buxom, 1s~ t . • • •
French will speak highly of her, wont ... ? 9. My cousin is prettY, 1sn • 't ... ?

45
10.... were indeed a queer-looking party. 11. Your people do a lot of sc· .
printin g, don't ... ? 12. I love this dog; ... is very clever. 13. Have you ~:lltific
t~e horse? ... looks rather restless. 14: Where can the shears be? Bavetered was no1
given ... away? 15. Hungar y is at a disadva ntage because ... has no Yo11 10. He
tains to speak of. 16. I don't like their baby because ... cries in the
17. We cannot guaran tee that the compan¥ w~ll deliver the goods safel ght.
~ill11.
we can hope that ... will do so. 18. Celtic will play before a large auI! hut EXE
when ... meet Chelsea next week. 19. I am angry with Dan's teacher foience in colu
kept him in for being late. 20. The new steel works will be commissioned r · · ·
month , won't ... ? nex:t
d.) 1.
2.
EX~RCIS E 2. Put the pronou ns· between brackets in the correct case form: 3.
4.
Note that after prepositions pronou ns are used in the accusative. Possihl
except ion: than and as can be followed both by the accusat ive and the nomi~ b) 1.
1;1ative, becaus e they are felt either as prepositions or conjunctions (e.g. Pat 2.
is clePerer than he is/him) . But and except also take both forms. Note also that 3.
4.
the accusa tive case is preferr ed in familiar style in verbless sentences (e.g 5.
'Who wrote this?' 'Him') , in exclam atory sentences (e.g. Him carry the suit~
cases ! ) and when the pronou n is used as a predica te for purposes of identifi-
cation (e.g. 'Who's there?' 'It's her'.):
1. This packet of cigaret tes is for John and (I, me). 2. They are always
making jokes about (we, us). 3. My husban d and (I, me) have not been well
recentl y. 4. You are as clever as (she, her). 5. "Who is it?" "It's only (we, us),
(I, me) and my friend George." 6. He has invited you and (I, me) to dinner. E
7. I wouldn 't do it for the life of (I, me)! 8. Do you think (he, him) is cleverer that,
than (I, me)? 9. What! (I, me) angry! Surely, it's (he, him) who is angry,
l\
not (I, me)! 10. Was it (she, her) they were talking about? I think so, because
it is (she, her) who lost her bag. 11. It's (he, him) you are hurting . 12. She said
she saw you and (I, me) last night. 13. There was an argume nt between (she,
her) and (he, him). 14. Nobody except (he, him) can solve the proble~. _15. If min
I were (he, him), I wouldn 't go on that trip. 16. No one but (she, her) 1s m ~he wor,
secret. 17. You are as affectio nate as (she, her). 18. If everyone behaved like eve
not
(I, me) there wouldn 't be any cause for worry. use
11.
ma
EXERCIS E 3. Build up sentences according to the model:

MODEL: He gave a ring (she).

a. He gave her a ring.
b. He gave a ring to her (not to Mary). 101
He said someth ing (she). tit
b. He said someth ing to her. be
th
) 3 I made a pro· 9.
1 He offered a job (I). 2. Let me throw an orange. (you · · (for_ we), re
· (8 he) 4 I showed it (they). 5. They have built a house . Jle
posal - ··ntr~duced Saman tha (they). 7. He pronou nced it (he) again. 8·
6. Darrin 1

46
was not very willing to 1 d h
10. He translated th den t e harrow (I). 9. Will you choose one (for - we)?
e ocument (she) as he read it.

EXERCISE 4 Complet th .
in colum B ·• d e e ~entences in column A with the C1erbs or the adjecti'1es
n in or er to build up sentences with the impersonal pronoun it:

A B
a) 1. Sometimes it ... in summer rams
2. It ... in winter. ·
snows
3. It often ... in spring. drizzles
4. It usually ... in autumn. freezes
hails
b) 1. It is ... ih spring. sunny
2. It is ... in summer. cool
3. It is ... in winter. hot
4. It is ... in the morning. fine
5. It is ... at night. chilly
wet
dry
windy
sultry
-dark
cold

5. Render the following sentences emphatic by using the it was/is ..•

EXERCISE
that/who construction with the italicized items:
MODEL: Joe spotted him first.
It was Joe who spotted him first.

1. My younger brother suggested it. 2. He gave me the first copy of the

minutes. 3. I gave the bone to the dog. 4. He improved his English by hard
work. 5. She met him on her way home. 6. John goes to the swimming pool
every afternoon. 7. Mother gave the books to me. 8. George found the solution
not Margaret. 9. Are they scared about an inC1asion? 10. He realized ho~
useful the girl might be when he accompanied the detective to his cousin's study.
11. His nerves were on edge, because Ann's method had been so odd. 12. The
man with a stick c'ame first.

EXERCISE 6. Supply it or there as necessary:

1. ... is time to go to be~. 2.... is .three miles to the Zoo. 3.... is a

long time since I gave up smokmg. 4. • • . Is so m_uch_ work to. d_o that I haven't
time to think about my own problems. 5. • • • IS time to fm1sh the cleaning
before we go. 6. . .. is very strange that ther should have arrived at the same
time. 7. . .. is no place hke home. 8. • .. 1s two years since they married.
9.... is only a short way now: 10. Don't eat that.... is a poisonous mush-
room.... are many of them m these parts. 11.... is a shame that even

47
 11-'I

tod ay ... are so ma ny unk em pt ga~dens ~ro

and talk . . .. is a bus to catc h, ... 1s a fair ~nd. 12. . .. is no time to sto
distance to the stop. P

EXE RCIS E 7. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word it

or there:
1. ... is such a glorious nig ht tha t I hat e the
was on the tip of his tongue to tell her tha ide a of going to bed. 2.. ..
t
two hours before. 3. . .. was a fine drizzle he had seen her father less than
of rain falling. 4. . .. had been a
witness to the ir early departure. 5. . .. is
a
ma n like you should be con ten t to have onl stan din g wonder to me why a
y one objective in life. 6... . is
nothing so pat het ic as your atte mp t to be inte
rest
imagine ... 's going to be a war. 8. Though the ed in such subjects. 7. I can't
feet from the road, ... was a considerable house was not more than forty
tim e before he sighted it. 9. He
looked at his watch. ' ... is tim e to tran sfer tho
to himself. 10... . is something fishy going se things to my car ', he thought
find out what. 11. ... is something to know on the re and ... is your job to
12 ... . was some time before I discovered
tha t my fate is deplored by you.
wh at he was after.

EXERCISE 8. Make sentences in

the table below illustrating the anticipatory
function of the pronoun it:

a)

Predicate
I Anticipated Subject

would be a grea t idea to

would be a pity follow him.
It to aban don this project.
makes them happ y to see us doing well.
delighted him to be take n on a trip.
amazed her to lear n that the bridge had collapsed.
surprised me to see him bully a child.
-
was a pity that you mistook her for Ann.
It 's small wonder · that you have fallen for her.
's a fact that they were questioned fo! three hours.
's a good thin g that they were not caught m the storro.
was unfortunate that we lost touch.
is doubtful whether he'll come or not.
is strange that he should give credit to this. st0r~-
is amazing how often one takes things for g!ante ·
is possible that he may lodge a complaint agam5t u5·
is true that they live in style.
is obvious

's no good
's no use
that he plays first fiddle.

pretending not _to ha:ve heard·

It would not be any good
was n't much use
was a difficult business
crying over spilt milk.
-
keeping open house.
his keeping a jeal?us eye on her.
finding our bearings.
. .-------
 b)

Verb antioipa- adj. or N anticipated object

tory it

They thou ght it unwise to leave the cottage so late at night

consi dered a mista ke to make fun of the conductor

I thou ght it childish for him to live in the clouds

considered a mistake for her to make friends with Sean

He thou ght it odd that I should call white black.

considered a pity that she should stand on the defensive.
I
ry pron oun
• EXER CI~E 9. Reph rase the following sentences by usin g the antic ipato
it, according to the mod el:
MOD EL: 1. He is sure to come. It is sure that he'll come.
that they were
2. They seemed to be on the best of terms. It seemed
on the best of terms. ·
classify him .
3. He was not easy to classify. It was not easy to
well. 2. She looks as
1. You seem to have survived the atmosphere very the jokes. 4. The y appe ar
if she were abou t to faint. 3. We're certain to miss
e~ on fire. 6. You are said
to he in the know. 5. He is sure not to set the Tham . 8. She is known to have
to have no feeling. 7. He is difficult to get along with
a blunder. 10. I happ en to
no pati ence with fools. 9. You are sure to make
set no price by such things.
:
EXER CISE 10. Mak e sentences using the patterns in the table below

lovely to know that you're loved.

It is to avoid associating them with Ryan 's accident.
was impossible
hardly possible to keep such a promise.
necessary to explain his reasons.
disappointing to discover he was so English.

unusual for you to take sides with Ann.

It was him to wander from the subject.
hard
wrong us to make amends for it.
necessary them
possible

oun it. See

EXER CISE 11. Translate into Engl ish using · the anticipatory pron
Exercises 8 and 10:
1. Crezi ca e prudent sa. stai a~a de mult in
soare (think - prud ent) ?
(think - wrong). 3. Ne-a
2. Cred ca e gre~it sa Ii se spurn1 _aceasta copiilor lui sd contezi pe noi ca vom
fost u!jor sa trav ersa m riul inot (f!nd - Oeasy). 4_.
Poti
cinst e sa. fie invi taii la receptie.
sosi la timp (rely on). 5. Au considerat mare
·49
 ◄
(cons ider - hono ur) 6. Voi a'1ea grijd ca copiii sa
fie bi~e _in~rijiii (see t )
7. Dire ctoru l ~colii a indicat clar ca sint nece sare masu
r1 d1sc1plinare de O •
bite (mak e - clear). 8. Cred ca e gre§it din partea ta
sa renu nti la studi ul fse.
1·
bilor strai ne (thin k - wron g). 9. Am consi~erat o gre:je 1
~ld sa inva tam cursu
pe dina fara. (consider - a mist ake) . 10. Mis- a pdru
t ciudat ca el sa faca exri e
de zel (thi nk- odd). 11. Poti fi sigur ca o sa-~i
flate ze prie tenu l (depec~
upon ). 12. Tie lti datorez faptul ca nu m-am fa.cut
de ris (owe). n
EXERCISE 12. Translate into English:
1. Mie ~i mam ei mele nu ne plac foart e tare dulciurile. 2.
a~te ptat pina la cina. 3. Spun e ca e tot atit de inalt Mai e mult d
a. ca el. 4. Baia Mare e
depa rte. 5. Ei ne-a u dete rmin ~t sa rece nza~ carte a. 6.
E cale lung a de la Cluj~
Napoc3:, la ½o.nstania..7. Od1hne~te-te _,Pui1~; te a~te
apta o calat orie lungii.
8. Daca a~ fl m !ocu} e1 a~ face _cerere sa o~im aces t
post . 9. I-am explicat (ei)
cum stau lucrur1le cit m-am pr1ceput de bme . 10. Se
pare ca vei fi promovat.
11. Toat ~ lume a a ad__u~ o prob ~ ~e __singe in af:ira ~e ~ine
nu cu mme . 13. Astaz1 e dum m1ca ; sinte m m 6 mhe . 12. Cu ei e~ti nedrept,
; e vara . S-a inno rat din
nou; e zapu~eala; o sa plou a. 14. Preg atesc o surp
riza pent ru tine ~i mine.
15. Trim ite-m i un exem plar ~i mie. 16. Trim ite-m i
prim ul exemplar, te rog.
17. Sint doua sapta mini de cind le-am trim is manu
scris ul. 18. Se spune ca
(ea) a mai scaz ut in greu tate. 19. Nu prea ajuta mult
sa toce~ti. 20. Mai e 0
luna pina la 1 Mai.

EXERCISE13. Substitute possessi'1e pronouns for the italicized group

s of words:
MODEL: His resu lts are more impr essiv
e than my results.
His resu lts are more impr essiv e than mine.
1. Jim' s sense of hum our is as unus ual as her sense of humo
moth er's pear s are very juicy ; our pears are not. 3. ur. 2. Grand·
Our employers will be as
surp rised as their employers. 4. Tom boas ted to his
frien~ ab?u t his suc~ess
and Bob boas ted to his friend. 5. I'm glad I have n't
a mmd hke your mind.
6. You have your own inter ests, and I have my ~nter
their twin s to the Zoo and the Asht ons took their twins ~sts. 7. The_Browns to~k
1 to the circus. 8. He 11
take my hand and I'll take her hand and we'll start
dancing. 9. She is mad at
her daug hter and I am mad at my daughter. 10. Scra
tch my back and I'll
scrat ch your back.

EXERCISE 14. Use the possessi"e pronoun instead of the poss.essi"e

adjectipe:
MODEL: He is one of her fans.
He is a fan of hers.
1. He is one of my friends. 2. Tom lent his friend one of his b~ok 3 1
him one of our dictionaries. 4. She play ed one of her ;
old recor s. · cousins,
;::i
50
their neig hbou rs had come over to tea. 6. He took a fancy
7. Here , John , meet one of your well-known comm~nta
to o;eJ°f J:Ts
another
of their little schemes? 9. Was it one of her favo urite tors. · sThat 's one of
puns ? 10.
our favo urite tune s.

50
 EXERCI SE 15. Fill in the blanks with the suitable reflexiv e pronou ns:
1. If the child eats so little he'll make ... ill. 2. Can a five-year-old boy
wash_· · ., dres~ ... , feed ... ? 3. We find it still difficult to expres s ... in
Englis h .. 4. Allee hurt ... when she fell down the tree. 5. They are likely to
have enJoy~d .. : at your party. 6. One has to serve ... in that restau rant.
7• My cousin switch ed the light off and finding ... in the dark began to cry.
8. I was told you have devote d .. ·. to science. 9. She cheers ... up by talking
about her 1outh. _ 10._ I bough t a new watch for ... yesterd ay. 11. One can
lose • • . quite easily in Londo n. 12. We forced ... to smile. 13. Do pull ...
togeth er I 14. The ringlea der shot .... 15. I chose to defend ... agains t her.
16. The cat looked at ... in the looking glass. 17. Make ... at home (pl).
18. They could only speak for . . . . 19. She cooked ... a good meal and went
to bed. 20. They say we are pleased with ....
16. .Fill in the suitable reflexive pronou n:
EXERCI SE
1. The only place on which he could hide ... is the roof. 2. We did not
often contro l ... so easily. 3. I dressed ... more or less sketch ily. 4. They
crushe d ... into the dark angle betwee n the stair-w all and the doorpo st.
5. She had told the story to ... so often that she had come to believe it her-
self. 6. We did not dare to show .... 7. I locked the door and, throwi ng ...
down on the sofa, I cried ... to sleep. 8. You (pl) someti mes repeat . . . .
9. She lifted ... with difficulty to her feet. 10. She had stoppe d talking as
though what she had said were in ... sufficient. 11. Did you let Mr. Poppin s
in? No, he let ... in. 12. Do you think you can look after ... ? 13. We can
never cease to be . . . . 14. I can tell interes ting inciden ts concer ning . . . .
17. Choose the necessary pronoun:
EXERCI SE
Note that prepositions denoting concrete spatial relatio ns are not followed
by reflexi ve prono~ns. With the followin~ prep?si~ions as, like, but, except
person al and reflexive pronou ns are used m variati on:·
1. He began to imagine how he might rescue her in spite of (her/herself).
2. They tried to live up to a lot of people who were better off than (them/
themse lves). 3. The car was heading straigh t toward s (them/ themse lves).
4. Then he went crazy, screamed and threw (him/himself) about. 5. Look
about (you/yourself) l 6. Somebody like (you/your~elf) should set the fashion.
7. I winced inside (me/myself). 8. Sh~ was beside (her/herself) with rage.
9. My sister and (I/myself) went shopp1~g. 1_0. Do they have any money on
(them; themselves)? 11. :'711en he was (him(h1mself) again she was too happy
to questio n him. 12. We 11 place our paper m ~ront of (us/ourselves). 13. I am
deeply touche d to be offered ~elp. by so emmen t a man as (you/yourself).
14. He takes to<? much upoa (~1~/h1ms~lf). 15. For somebody like (me/myself)
this is no surprise. 16. I hope 1t 11 remam betwee n (us/ourselves).

· EXERCI SE 18. Use the necessary form of the personal pronou n or the corres-
pondin g ref'lexiCJe pronou n or both:
1. My sister is :3-s old as .. • (I). 2. No~ody is more aware of the. truth
than ... (he). 3. p1d anyone meet he~ besides ... (you)? 4. He can dependr
on ... (we) to do 1t. 5. He can be repulsive to a man like ... (I). 6. Her brothe

4* 51
 . h ) 7 Now that she's been promoted, she
was five years younger than· ·. · ~iok is above ... (I). 9. Between ... (We)
has got above ... (she). 8. Tdhis ·t between ... (we). '
he is a coward. 10. Come an si
·
19. State when the re exwe
fl
· pronoun is omissible:
EXERCISE .
l t led up in a fishy affair. 2. He cut himself
.1· hThey hahve ~ot ht~ems;r"f S~gshould not risk isolating herself altogether.
wh11e e was s avmg imse · :
4 The disease spread itself rapidly. 5. You mus t prep are yourself
t
for the exa
6: h d
You are interested only in yourselCJes. 7. I got up a . 10 , was e myself,
dressed myself and had a hearty breakfast; 8. We can_ adJust oursel()es to the
m.

new conditions. 9. They did not know ~hat to do with themsel()es. ·10. You
should avail yourselCJes of this opportumty .

20. Use the necessary self-pronoun in its emphatic functio_n :

EXERCISE
✓
Note the possibility of using it either at the end of the sentence or imme-
diately after the element that is emphasized, with extra stress:
1. I (... ) am a dabbler in science (... ). 2. They took the blame for s?me-
thing they (... ) had done (.. :). 3. Having reached the' place ... , he ran tiptoe
down the steps. 4. In a moment we ... had broken the spell. 5. If you (... )
can't translate the essay (... ), find somebody who can do it for you. 6. I feel
as if I (... ) were going mad (... ). 7. He (... ) had read and accepted the
news (... ). 8. I know that you (. .. ) have lent three J apaiiese boxes to the
exhibition (... ). 9. We (... ) mounted the exhibition (... ). 10. She would
insist on going . . . . ·

EXERCISE 21. Translate into Engish using reflexiCJe and emphatic pronouns:
1. E foarte posibil sa o fi pictat chiar el. 2. Inafara de ea 1-a mai vazut
eineva pe actor? 3. Ar trebui1 sa va fie ru§ine ! 4. $i mie imi suride destul de
mult a~eas~a i~ee. 5. Daca i§i ia o sap~a.n:ina de concediu o sa se ref a ca repede.
J·
6. Te-ai stradmt foarte ~ult! ~e ~e!!Cit~ pentru ca ii reu§ise manevra. 8. Mi-a
§:
recomanda t car~ea c~ caldura; e~ n placuse. 9. Ai grija de tine, draga meal
10. Nute _amag1 cu gmdul ca o s~ fie U§or. 11. Asta o §tiu §i eu, domnule doc-
tor. 12. Fiecare se gindea numai la ell ·

EXERCISE 22. Translate into English using reciprocal pronouns:

1. To; §i John ~e-- ~u!1osc din copilarie §i se iubesc ca fratii. 2. Nu ne
arzf am l~actuza g l agie1 pe care ~ fac~:9-u copiii. 3. Femeile vorbeau tntre
e e nt §Oap ., ~ spate,, e nos~ru. 4. B~rbatu i§i dadeau coate. 5. Cei doi barb aii
A

se m oarsera §I se masurara c1tva t1mp din ochi 6 s 1 + I

.
altul. 7. Am cont 1nua t .,
sa ne spunem Capitane Sen · · e nve egeau unuI pe
tt" · D
pina la sfirsit. 8. Ne-am luat ramas b'~n u I d I ne ., §1 " oamna Elmers "
9. Se temea~ unul de celalalt. 10. S-au ce t ntu . e a c~lalalt pentru totdeauna •
r a §1 nu ma1 vorbesc unul cu celalalt·.
EXERCISE 23. Fill in the necessary pronoun: some an . ·
'I h
1. s t ere any 01-1 m . , Y, none.
these parts?' , h • ·
2. 'Any mark on the body?' ... ·but • • • hsay t ere 1s plenty of it here'.
O
3. Still looking for fingerprint s?' I'll gi~eyarm aalsb ~fen scratched by a splinter.'
ou a c 1 1 1 see ... around. 4. Don't
52
cr1, little girl. Th~re are plenty of such shells. If we find ... we'll s_h are them
with you. 5. . .. like it hot. 6. You have no excuse· ... whatever. 7. He was
a clever man and by ... accounted eccentric. 8. !No word from her yet?'
' ... ' . 9. A: 'Coffee for you, Tony?' B: 'l'm not having ... , thank you.'
10.... offered to order it. 11. ... so blind as those who won't see. 12. A:
'Anything for me to do?' B : 'You can collect the eggs, if ... '. 13: A: 'Did he
find any scrolls?' B:'He denied that he had found ... , . 14. I don't condemn
out of hand like . . . . 15. The salmon is delicious. Won't you have ... ? Do!
16. There were lots of interesting books for sale. But he was reluctant to
buy . . . . 17. Will you lend me one of your pencils? ... will do.

EXERCISE 24. Replace the negative forms of the indefinite pronouns in the
following sentences according to the model: ·
MODEL: He claimed he needed no one/nobody to assist him.
He claimed he didn't need anyone/anybody to assist him.
1. I have nothing against it. 2. She had nothing to do with this business.
3. Nobody knows about Ann. 4. They will do nothing for money. 5. Have
you got nothing to do? 6. He blamed nobody/no one for it. 7. He favours
nobody. 8. She looks ·up to nobody. 9. Nobody was up to the mark. 10. We had
done nothing out of the ordinary.

EXERCISE 25. Fill in the blanks with the necessary word: someone/somebody,
something, anyone/anybody, anything, no one/nobody, nothing: ·
1. I felt I ought to do ... to clear up the misunderstanding. 2. He was not
the man to allow ... in his company to keep silent. 3. It is such a relief to
feel that we have ... in charge on whom we can rely. 4. 'Have you found
out ... ?' ' ... whatever to go on.' 5. You must have ... with you? Why?
6. I suddenly became aware that ... was standing close behind me. 7. She is
too dumb to understand ... 8. If they suspected ... and made trouble it
would be terrible for Roy. 9. 'What are you trying to avoid telling Irie?'
, ... '. 10. Almost . .. might have those. 11. I found her too uncooperative
to ask her to do . . . . 12. 'I suppose you haven't ... missing from this
house, sir"?' 13. She never says_ ... about ... 14. Did ... ha~pen to fetch
you downstairs? 15. . .. can se~ 1t. 16. She could _not prevent h1~. from doing
•.. against her will. 17. . .. will say ... that will cast a susp1c1on on her.
18. Without a word to ... she pulled the shutters down. 19. 'Is there ... left
for us to do?' 'Hardly ... '• 20. 'Who says that?' 'Oh, ... in particular.'
21. , It was a person I used to know in Cluj.'' ... you were in love with?,
22. There is little chance ... will get through the lines. 23. I have seldom
witnessed ... like that. 24. She will eat · · · • 25. Won't you have ... to
eat?
EXERCISE 26. Fill in the blanks with something else, anything else, nothing
else, everything else, somebody/someone else, anybody/anyone else, nobody /no
one else, everybody else:
1. Find ... to do. 2. If you've ... to do, at least do not disturb me. 3 . 1
could only count on John to help 1!1~; ... had colds. 4. There was ... in the
field. 5. I couldn't see how my opm10ns would be of interest to ... but tny

53
paren ts. 6. Is there ... your heart desire s? 7. I hi~.ve tolera ted ...
, John. 8
not this. 8. She has innoc ence, ... is entire ly admi rable abou t her.
9. He ga~t
me a delib erate wink when ... was looki ng. 10. Is there ... in this
depar t I
ment that you would like to put right? 11. The thiev es didn' t bothe
r ahoui c
the child ren's clothe s, but they stuffe d ... into their bags. 12....
before you l
appre ciated my talen ts.
1

EXERC ISE 27. Fill in the blanks with much, many, (a) little, (a) few:
1. The peopl e invol ved are only as ... as half a dozen . 2. Ask ... to
have
. . . . 3 .... have no recor d at all. 4. The worke rs were quite upset ;
... threat-
ened to down tools; . . . chose to go on worki ng. 5. They don't give
you ...
for this kind of work , do they? 6. . .. is being done to lay their
suspicions.
7. Wha t abou t buses ? ... are broke n down , ... are in good repair
. 8. Some
go for crisps but quite ... go for popco rn in a big way. 9. A: 'Anyt
hing to
drink ? The pinea pple squas h is very nice indee d.' B : 'Yes, please
, I'll have
... ' . 10. It was quite a shock for all of them , but ... were seriou sly
injured.
EXERC ISE 28. Insert either, neither or none:
1. a) I like ... of the two. b) I don't like ... of the two, they are
both
too fancif ul for my taste. 2. . .. was worth menti oning . 3. A: 'Whic
h of the
two paint ings did you buy?' B : ' ... ' 4. It doesn 't matte r which you
choose.
a) I don't like ... / b) I like ... 5. A: 'Whic h of her friend s do you like
best?'
B: 'I like ... of them .' 6. A: 'Have you seen my husba nd or my
son?' B: .
'I've seen ... of them '. 7. A: 'Have you playe d all these record s?'
B:
playe d .... of them .' 8. A: 'Have you read the Engli sh or the Roma 'I've
versio n?' B: 'I haven 't read ... of them. ' nian

EXERC ISE 29. Supp ly another, the other, others, the others, in the sentences
below :
1. Each of them seem to find ... 's silence restfu l. 2. He was seen
ing petro l from one tank to . . . . 3. He that tells a secret is ... 's siphon·
servant,
4. Moth er made a sign to ... to help. 5. Of course , ·I reflec ted, ... might
know n all about it. 6. A candl e lights ... and consu mes itself. 7. She hav~
from one groce ry to . . . . 8. I'll do my best to find out if there are hunte
beside s Mr. Parke r. 9. Tell ... that we'll be perfo rming tonig ht. 10. a11y · · ·
one large plate of ham in one hand and a bottle of beer in ... 11. Our He had
grown out of his trouse rs and we'll have to buy him . . . . 12. This flat son: has
18
as
cosy as ... across it.

30. Substi tute one or ones for the repeated nouns . Gi"e the structures
EXERC ISE
of the nomin al group s thus obtained:
. .
1. You get as much servic e from a small rad10 set as from a b.ig r adioset
ur.
2. Their old dictio nary is a good dictio nary. I think it's ev~n b~tter th
new dictio nary. 3. Whic h ~oy hit you? That boy l The_ fa,1r-ha~red boya/ lhe
boy over there. 4. Jane's printe d dress cost more than Tina s plai_n drex~·kS. }..:
'Wha t chick ens will you have? ' B: 'I'll have some health y-look mg q ic ns /
e

54