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Aide à la décision - Stocks 11/2002
→ Développement du modèle :
- soit I le niveau de stock,
- on passe une commande lorsque I = 0,
- toutes les commandes portent sur une même quantité
q,
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Aide à la décision - Stocks 11/2002
- coût de stockage ?
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Aide à la décision - Stocks 11/2002
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Aide à la décision - Stocks 11/2002
50,00
40,00
Ordering
30,00 Holding
Total
20,00
10,00
0,00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
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Aide à la décision - Stocks 11/2002
The firm uses 10,000 disks per year. The cost of placing
an order is assumed to be $100. The only holding cost is
the opportunity cost of capital (20% per year).
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Aide à la décision - Stocks 11/2002
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Aide à la décision - Stocks 11/2002
- exemple:
K = $100 D = 1000
p3 = $48.50 q ≥ 300 EOQ3 = 143.59
→ q3* = 300
p2 = $49.00 100 ≤ q < 300 EOQ2 = 142.86
→ q2* = 142.86
→ p1 cannot yield a lower cost.
1000 0.20 × 48.50 × 300
TC3 ( 300 ) = 100 × + 1000 × 48.50 +
300 2
= $50, 288.33
1000 0.20 × 40 × 142.86
TC2 (142.86 ) = 100 × + 1000 × 49 +
142.86 2
= $50, 400
1520,0
1500,0
1480,0
1460,0 TC1
TC2
1440,0 TC3
1420,0
1400,0
1380,0
90 110 130 150 170 190 210
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Aide à la décision - Stocks 11/2002
2 KDr 2 KD r
→ Taille optimal = = ×
h(r − D) h r−D
Exemple:
United Auto Company need to produce 10,000 car chassis
per year. Each is valued at $2000. The plant has the
capacity to produce 25,000 chassis per year. It costs $200
to set up a production run, and the annual holding cost is
$0.25 per dollar of inventory. What is the optimal
production run size ?
r = 25,000 D = 10,000 h = 0.25 × 2000 K = 200
2 × 200 × 10000 × 25000
→ Optimal run size = = 115.47
500 × ( 25000 − 10000 )
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Aide à la décision - Stocks 11/2002
10000
→ = 86.6 production runs per year.
115.47
* 2 KD ( h + s ) 2 KD h+s
q = = ×
hs h s
→
M * = 2 KDs = 2 KD × s
h(h + s) h h+s
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Aide à la décision - Stocks 11/2002
Exemple:
Each year, the Optometry Clinic sells 10,000 frames for
eyeglasses. The clinic orders frames from a supplier who
charges $15 per frame. Each order incurs an ordering cost
of $50. Demand can be assumed to be backlogged and that
the shortage cost is $15 per frame per year (loss of future
business). The annual holding cost is $0.30 per dollar
value of inventory.
K = 50 D = 10000 h = 0.3 × 15 = 4.5 s = 15
2 × 50 × 10000 × 19.50
q* = = 537.48
4.50 × 15
2 × 50 × 10000 × 15
M* = = 413.45
4.50 × 19.50
Modèles Probabilistes
• Analyse marginale.
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