CHNG IV

BIU THC
I. Phep toan s hoc: Cac phep toan hai ngi s hoc la:

Phep toan
+ * / %

Y ngha
Cng Tr Nhn Chia Ly phn d

V du
a+b a-b a*b a/b a%b

II.

Phep toan quan h va Logic

Phep toan Y ngha V du

Ln hn > a>b Ln hn hoc >= bng a>=b < Nho hn a<b <= Nho hn hoc a<=b bng == a= =b Bng !=phep toan quan h u co u a!=b Bn tin nh nhau, hai Khac sau co cung s phep th t u tin nhng lai thp hn 4 phep u. Tuy nhin cac phep quan h co u tin thp hn cac phep toan s hoc.

Phep toan logic: Trong C s dung ba phep toan logic: - Phep phu nh mt ngi !

- Phep toan va &&

- Phep toan hoc || Tc la:
a
Khac khng Bng khng

!b
0 1

a b Khac khng Khac khng Khac khng Bng khng Bng khng Khac khng Bng Bng V du: khngco gia khng 0 3>7 tr la

a&&b 1 0 0 0

a||b 1 1 1 0

7>3 co gia tr la 1 3 && 7 Co gia tr 1 Cac phep quan h co u tin nho hn !, nhng ln hn so vi && va ||, cho nn cac biu thc nh: (a>b) && (d<c) Th co th vit gon lai:

III. Chuyn i kiu gia tr: Vic chuyn i kiu gia tr thng din ra mt cach t ng trong hai trng hp:
-

Khi biu thc gm cac toan hang khac kiu Khi gan mt gia tr kiu nay cho mt bin (hoc phn t cua mang) kiu kia, nh vic truyn gia str trong toan t gan,
vic truyn gia tr cac tham s cho cac i, vic gan gia tr cua biu thc trong cu lnh return cho ham.

Ngoai ra ta co th chuyn t mt kiu gia tr sang mt kiu bt ky ma ta mun, theo cu phap sau: (type) Biu thc

1. Chuyn i kiu trong biu thc: Khi hai toan hang trong mt phep toan co kiu khac nhau th kiu thp hn se nng thanh kiu cao hn trc khi thc hin phep toan. Kt qua thu c la mt gia tr co kiu cao hn. Nh: - int va long th int chuyn thanh long - int va float th int chuyn thanh float - float va double th float chuyn thanh double. 2. Cac phep chuyn i kiu cung c thc hin thng qua phep gan. Gia tr cua v phai c chuyn sang kiu cua v trai o la kiu cua kt qua. Kiu int co th chuyn thanh float, kiu float chuyn

IV. Phep toan tng giam C a ra hai phep toan mt ngi tng va giam cac bin. Toan t tng ++ se cng 1 vao toan hang o Toan t giam -- se tr i 1 Va cach t cac phep toan tng va giam trc hay sau toan hang tuy thuc vao hoan canh khi chay chng trnh.
Nu phep tng hoc giam ng trc toan hang th co ngha la: Toan hang se tang hoc giam trc khi no s dung, Nu phep tng hoc giam ng sau toan

V. 1.

Lnh gan va biu thc: Cac cu lnh gan nh:

<bin>= <bin><Phep toan hai ngi><gia tr/biu thc>

Th co th chuyn thanh:
<bin><phep toan hai ngi>=<gia tr/biu thuc>

V du: a=a+2 => a+=2 2. Biu thc gan la biu thc co dang: <Bin> = <Biu thc> Co th s dung lnh gan gan

VI. Biu thc iu kin

Cu phap: E1? E2:E3 Chc nng: Nu biu thc E1ung th ly gia tr E2 va ngc lai th ly gia tr E3 Trong o E1, E2 va E3 la cac biu thc. V du:
#include "stdio.h" void main() { int a=6,b=10; printf("Gia tri la %6d",a>b?a:b); getch(); }

V du: #include "stdio.h" void main() { int a=6,b=10; printf("\nKhi a= %4d b = %4d",a,b); printf("\n a++* --b = %10d",a++*--b); printf("\n ++a+--b = %10d",++a+--b); printf("\n a++---b = %10d",a-- - --b); printf("\n a+++++b = %10d",a++ + ++b); getch(); }

Bai tp: 1. Vit chng trnh giai phng trnh bc hai ax2 + bx +c =0 Vi a, b, c nhp t ban phm.

2. Vit chng trnh tm s ln nht va

nho nht cua bn s thc nhp vao t ban phm. 3. Lp chng trnh : - Nhp s nguyn n t ban phm - Xet xem n co phai la s nguyn t hay khng va in ra man hnh kt