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اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻷول
/1ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﺔ ) ( Sهﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ) Ω (1; 2; 3و أن اﻟﺸﻌﺎع ﻳﺴﺎوي 6
M ( x; y ) ∈ ( S ) ⇔ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − 2 x − 4 y − 6 z + 8 = 0
⇔ ( x − 1) − 1 + ( y − 2 ) − 4 + ( z − 3) − 9 + 8 = 0
2 2 2
2
⇔ ( x − 1) + ( y − 2 ) + ( z − 3) = 6 = 6
2 2 2
اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ
2
ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ) p ( Aو ) P ( Bو ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن = ) p ( C
7
" Aﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ أﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﺪد 0ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺪﻗﺎت اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺤﻮﺑﺔ "
C3 4
= p ( A ) = 43
C7 35
" Bﺳﺤﺐ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺑﻴﺪﻗﺎت ﺗﺤﻤﻞ أﻋﺪادا ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺜﻨﻰ ﻣﺜﻨﻰ "
C 1 × C 11 × C 31 9
p (B ) = 3 3
=
C7 35
" Cﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻻﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺪﻗﺎت اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺤﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﻌﺪم "
C 33 + C 31 × C 11 × C 31 1+ 9 10 2
= ) p (C 3
= = =
C7 35 35 7
ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ
g ( x) = e −x
ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ+ x − 1 : -(Iاﻟﺪاﻟﺔ gاﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
]]−∞; 0 ﺛﻢ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن gﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ [∞ [ 0; +و ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ /1ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ) g ' ( xﻟﻜﻞ xﻣﻦ
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g ( x ) = e− x + x − 1 : ∈x ﻟﺘﻜﻦ
g ' ( x ) = −e − x + 1
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ x ≥ 0 ⇔ − x ≤ 0 ⇔ e− x ≤ 1 ⇔ −e− x + 1 ≥ 0
اذن ∀x ∈ [0; +∞[ g ' ( x ) ≥ 0وﻣﻨﻪ gﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ [∞[0; +
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ x ≤ 0 ⇔ − x ≥ 0 ⇔ e− x ≥ 1 ⇔ −e− x + 1 ≤ 0
اذن ∀x ∈ ]−∞; 0] g ' ( x ) ≤ 0و ﻣﻨﻪ gﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ]]−∞; 0
∈ ∀x ∈ ∀xﺛﻢ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن e− x + x ≥ 1 /2ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن g ( x ) ≥ 0
ﻓﺎن 0ﻗﻴﻤﺔ دﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﺪاﻟﺔ fﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻤﺎ أن gﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ [∞ [ 0; +و ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ] ]−∞; 0و g ( 0 ) = 0
∈ ∀x وﻣﻨﻪ g ( x ) ≥ 0
∈ ∀x إذن e− x + x ≥ 1 ∈ ∀x أي e− x + x − 1 ≥ 0
x
= )f ( x -(IIاﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ fﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
x + e− x
= Df /1ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن
= Df ∈ ∀xاذن ∈ ∀xوﻣﻨﻪ e− x + x ≠ 0 ﺣﺴﺐ /2 (Iﻟﻴﻨﺎ e − x + x ≥ 1
1
∈ ∀x *
= )f ( x /2أ -ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن
1
1+
xe x
x x 1
= )f ( x −x
= ﻟﻴﻜﻦ = ∈: x *
x+e 1 1
x 1 + x 1 + x
xe xe
ب -ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن lim f ( x ) = 0و lim f ( x ) = 1و ﻧﺆول اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺘﻲ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺎ
∞x →+ ∞x →−
1
اذن lim f ( x ) = 0و ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻻﻓﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎرب lim 1 + وﻣﻨﻪ ∞= − ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ lim xe x = 0−
∞x →− ∞x →− xe x ∞x →−
) (C ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ
1
اذن lim f ( x ) = 1وﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ذا اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ y = 1ﻣﻘﺎرب lim 1 + x
وﻣﻨﻪ = 1 ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ∞lim xe x = +
∞x →+ ∞x →− xe ∞x →+
) (C ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ
( x + 1) e− x
∈ ∀x = )f '( x /3أ -ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن
) (x + e −x 2
x
= )f ( x ∈: x ﻟﻴﻜﻦ
x + e− x
]∀x ∈ ]−∞; −1 [∞ ∀x ∈ [ −1; +و f ' ( x ) ≤ 0 وﻣﻨﻪ f ' ( x ) ≥ 0
ﺟﺪول اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات
x ∞− -1 ∞+
)f '( x - 0 +
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0 1
f
1
1− e
/4أ -ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎس ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ( Cﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ O
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎس ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ( Cﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Oهﻲ y = f ' ( 0 ) xأي y = xﻷن f ' ( 0 ) = 1
) xg ( x
∈ ∀xﺛﻢ ﻧﺪرس اﺷﺎرة ) x − f ( xﻋﻠﻰ = )x − f ( x ب -ﻧﺘﺤﻘﻖ أن
g ( x) + 1
x − f ( x) = x −
x
=
(
x x + e− x − 1=) ) xg ( x
∈: x ﻟﻴﻜﻦ
x+e −x
x+e −x
−1+1 g ( x) + 1
∈ ∀xﻓﺎن اﺷﺎرة ) x − f ( xهﻲ اﺷﺎرة x ﺑﻤﺎ أن g ( x ) ≥ 0
[∞ ∀x ∈ [ 0; +و ∀x ∈ ]−∞; 0] x − f ( x ) ≤ 0 اذن x − f ( x ) ≥ 0
ج -ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ( Cو اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ∆ ( اﻟﺬي ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻪ y = x
[∞ ∀x ∈ [0; +و ﻣﻨﻪ ) ∆ ( ﻓﻮق أو ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ) ( Cﻋﻠﻰ [∞[0; + ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ x − f ( x ) ≥ 0
] ∀x ∈ ]−∞; 0و ﻣﻨﻪ ) ∆ ( ﺗﺤﺖ أو ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ) ( Cﻋﻠﻰ ]]−∞; 0 ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ x − f ( x ) ≤ 0
/5اﻟﺸﻜﻞ
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1
اذن 0 ≤ un +1 ≤ 1 ≤ 0 ≤ un +1 أي أن ≺ 1
1 + e−1
وﻣﻨﻪ 0 ≤ un ≤ 1ﻟﻜﻞ nﻣﻦ
/2ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن ) ( unﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ
ﻟﻴﻜﻦ nﻣﻦ
) un g ( u n
= ) un − un +1 = un − f ( un
g ( un ) + 1
و ﺣﻴﺚ أن 0 ≤ un ≤ 1و g ( un ) ≥ 0ﻓﺎن un − un +1 ≥ 0أي un ≥ un +1
إذن ) ( unﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ
/3ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ) ( unﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻧﺤﺪد ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ) ( unﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ و ﻣﺼﻐﻮرة وﻣﻨﻪ ) ( unﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺔ
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