TRIGONOMTRIE : FORMULAIRE

Angles associs
Une lecture efficace du cercle trigonomtrique permet de retrouver les relations suivantes :
p
cos + x = -sin(x)
2

p
sin + x = cos(x)
2

p
cos - x = sin(x)
2

p
sin - x = cos(x)
2

p
-x
2

p
+x
2

cos(p x) = cos(x)
sin(p x) = sin(x)

px

cos(p + x) = cos(x)
sin(p + x) = sin(x)

p+x

cos(x) = cos(x)
sin(x) = sin(x)

Relations entre cos, sin et tan

cos2(x) + sin2(x) = 1

1 + tan2(x) =

1
cos 2 ( x)

Formules d'addition
cos(a b) = cos(a) cos(b) + sin(a) sin(b)

cos(a + b) = cos(a) cos(b) sin(a) sin(b)

sin(a b) = sin(a) cos(b) cos(a) sin(b)

sin(a + b) = sin(a) cos(b) + cos(a) sin(b)

tan(a) - tan(b)
1 + tan(a ) tan(b)

tan(a - b) =

tan(a + b) =

tan(a) + tan(b)
1 - tan(a) tan(b)

Formules de duplication
cos(2a) = cos2(a) sin2(a) = 2 cos2(a) - 1 = 1 - 2 sin2(a)
Extensions : cos(3a) = 4cos3(a) - 3cos(a)

sin(2a) = 2 sin(a) cos(a)

sin(3a) = 3sin(a) - 4sin3(a)

tan(3a) =

tan(2a) =

2 tan(a)
1 - tan 2 (a)

3tan( a ) - tan 3 ( a )
1- 3tan 2 ( a )

Au del, utiliser la formule de Moivre.

Formules de linarisation
cos2(a) =
Extensions :

1 + cos(2a)
2

cos3(a) =

sin2(a) =

cos( 3a ) + 3 cos( a )

1 - cos(2a)
2

sin3(a) =

tan2(a) =

- sin(3a ) + 3 sin( a )

1 - cos(2a)
1 + cos(2a)

tan3(a) =

- sin(3a ) + 3 sin( a )

cos(3a ) + 3 cos( a )

Au del, utiliser les formules d'Euler. Les formules d'Euler permettent galement de montrer que :
cos(a) cos(b) =

1
[cos(a - b) + cos(a + b)]
2

cos(a) sin(b) =

1
[sin(a + b) - sin(a - b)]
2

p+q p-q
cos

2 2
p+q p-q
sin(p) + sin(q) = 2 sin
cos

2 2

sin(a) sin(b) =

p-q
sin

2
p-q p+q
sin(p) - sin(q) = 2 sin
cos

2 2

cos(p) + cos(q) = 2 cos

cos(p) - cos(q) = -2 sin

p+q
2

Rsolution d'quations trigonomtriques

U = p -V

1
[cos(a - b) - cos(a + b)]
2

cos(U) = cos(V) (U = V [2p] ou U = -V [2p])

sin(U) = sin(V) (U = V [2p] ou U = p -V [2p])

tan(U) = tan(V) U = V [p]

Expression du cosinus, sinus et tangente en fonction de la tangente de l'angle moiti
a
Si t = tan , on a :
2
Formulaire de trigonomtrie

cos(a) =

2t
2t
1- t2
; sin(a) =
; tan(a) =
1+ t2
1+ t2
1- t2
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