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D

epartement de formation doctorale en g


enie des proc
ed
es
Institut National
Polytechnique de Lorraine

Ecole
doctorale RP2E

M
ethodologie doptimisation
dynamique et de commande optimale
des petites stations d
epuration `
a
boues activ
ees
`
THESE
presentee et soutenue publiquement le 18 decembre 2001
pour lobtention du

Doctorat de lInstitut National Polytechnique de Lorraine


(sp
ecialit
e G
enie des Proc
ed
es)
par

Benot CHACHUAT

Composition du jury
President :

M. C. Prost

Professeur (IUT de Nancy-Brabois)

Rapporteurs :

Mlle C.S. Adjiman


M. D. Dochain
M. J. Ragot

Lecturer (Imperial College, U.K.)


Professeur (Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgique)
Professeur (ENSG INPL)

Examinateurs :

M.
M.
M.
M.

Ingenieur de Recherche (Societe ONDEO)


Docent (Universite Slovaque de Technologie, Slovaquie)
Professeur (ENSIC INPL)
Professeur (IUT de Marseille)

J.M. Audic
M. Fikar
M.A. Latifi
N. Roche

Laboratoire des Sciences du G


enie Chimique UPR 6811





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; pdec,N
S
;t

  d_l]hc 

cede[B] Na 



i

1h
a
N a1
(ul,b + ul,h ) Xtba Xtdec,Na N
1.16e 
+

s
s
e
h




i
1
dec,Na
dec,Na
dec,Na 1
ba
ba
Na 1
=
1.16f 
(u
+
u
)
p

p
X

l,b
l,h
X
t
s
X
X
X
e Xtdec,Na



1
1.16g 
=
(ul,b + ul,h ) Stba Stdec,Na
e



1
dec,Na
ba
ba
1.16h 
=
(u
+
u
)
p

p
S
l,b
l,h
S
t
S
e Stdec,Na
(
dec,Na 1
a 1
uN
Xtdec,Na Xtmax
s  Xt
Na 1
s
=
dec,Na Na 1
a
uN
, us
Xtdec,Na 1
s Xt


Na +1 dec,Na +1 Na dec,Na
a
N
=
u
X
,
u
X
s
s
s
t
t
=

9s,A>

=D46L

=D46L

MN4

MN46LK@BL


    !"# %$'&( )+* + ,-.-/(  
 ]Fg 

a  ec df_d]  d_lk  _ Na + 1 i Ncc 


; X dec,i

i
h
; tt = 1e Xtdec,i1 Xtdec,i ul,b is + i1
s
; pdec,i
h
i

; Xt = 1dec,i pdec,i1
ul,b Xtdec,i1 + i1
pdec,i
s
X
X
e Xt
; S dec,i
i
h
; t t = 1e ul,b Stdec,i1 Stdec,i
; pdec,i


dec,i
; St = 1dec,i pdec,i1

p
ul,b Stdec,i1
S
S
e St
9 s,A> 
=D46L ui+1 X dec,i+1, ui X dec,i
i =
s

cc
N
s

 kd decb_g




1.16i 

1.16j 

1.16k 
1.16l 

= 0


xrej =
x

rec

pdec,1
Xtdec,1
X
pdec,1
Stdec,1
S

MH,J5P@BL5P,/>9BM

cc
pdec,N
Xtdec,Ncc
X
cc dec,Ncc
pdec,N
St
S

MH,J5P@BL5P,>9BM




1.16m 
1.16n 

~VyD|hy<?BFA1J| VlB1J|"|~A(lllFl|~e*|
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, ,2C
t = f dec xdec, xba 

| xdec,i = hX dec,i, pdec,iT , S dec,i, pdec,iT iT l(lFJ)JVVe ie`me |~A()()P


t
t
X
S
h
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cc



* . +-u*   #!$q' * %q*


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xba

X I cbHNUM VK Q tQ EKATVU3
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x
,
x
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ba
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t = f (2)
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t = f dec xdec, xba
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1.18a
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x
1.18b
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dec
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DJy(~/~J?`l|8|?XlDl~(yVFJV



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1.19b

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1.21a
ba
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1.21b
ba
xrec
i = 3, 4, 5, 6, 10
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1.23a

1.23b

| x = xba (lyJV~ hlw\)|hylyyyl~yJF , =d |J 21


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= d= d: = d
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\ `AFl|:~(JVJy| tk tk FJl*| f (1) f (2) ~h`J:lKl


|FV|/|X&yJFXb V/cXe1J|? 1.24a &* 1.24b
tkb

k1
X

`i + a k

1.24a

`i

1.24b

i=1

tkc

\wl&J|JlVJy|
|Fyy~lll~Xe-y
!

k
X

i=1

Nc ak

& `k ( yl3K~<yU`AFl
Nc

tkb

tkc

|:~(A1J|

 

 

`k
ak

ON










OFF


=
t0 tk1
c

k1
X

`j

tkc =

j=1

tkb =

k1
X

k
X

`j

tf

j=1

`j + a k

j=1

Z[]_^

 

"` 5Ny~lJVl|(JV&Jl/|(JyyJVl|
!

!
!"* %'* \*^'  A  ^* 




:DJVlyJ~(D|~(/y|lwy/8`|l/We*3(JX8lyJ
~(yJD:JlylF?8|~VJD|lyJ~<:(l|-VJ1J|u~lBVJ~
K~\yyl/H&JX|lDJ|JY N GL


"& !



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!  "!

X~(l/y Hlw|JWl|AV|(l`JDy}e<|FJJ1J||R(X N GL
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yDlJlD|(lJ1J| J (~|y0f<?

1
J =
tf t 0

tf
t0

FN GL (t) t

=d
!

 




4%$ & w /X+* + ,-.-/(  

| F |(FlJVl||J*l|AV~FB a?HlDl|F|lyJ~(
)JNGL(Dl<(||/|~(DbJJ1J(|(eK~|JD|FyK~<l|~y
|KlFFyF*(:|8|:VJy~V|l|Fyh~(`Jy~
ll|/|J?|FJK~VXe:y|VllD&/||X`Jy~Wy`J
rej
rej
rej
rej
rej
rej
rej  F d F
FN GL = SN
+ iN BM XB,H

+ XB,A
O + SN H + SN D + XN D + iN XI XI
=|y/|hyWVJ1JK~/~Jy8|~YlllFlU|~(l|(hVyh~((~|V
&Vl|~(~(?X~|l/~yVFl?
J
`  I|O EU G Q L  tQ PI 3

1
J =
tf t 0

tf
t0

#!

h
i
dec,1
dec,1
Stdec,1 (t) pdec,1
(t)
+
p
(t)
+
p
(t)
1.27a
SN O
SN H
SN D

iN XI dec,1
dec,1
+Xt
(t) pdec,1
p
(t)
XN D (t) +
0.75 XI

iN BM  dec,1
dec,1
pXB,H (t) + pXB,A (t)
+
t
0.9

I|O EU G Q L -ONKxGW K 0X =d




1
J =
tf t 0

tf
t0

ba
ba
ba
SN
O (t) + SN H (t) + SN D (t)

+fns XNbaD (t) + iN XI XIba (t)

1.27b

t
y~(JylVJy|:~|hyXlyyVFe?ylVJy|*WlNl|VJ
l|AV`(llF?l~?D|(FlJVl|"e|l~lyJVl|
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1lAy/~(eV t FJl|`J~l)VJ1J|"XDH&:f~(l|
ba
ba
+iN BM XB,H
(t) + XB,A
(t)



  "%!  &



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t  ?|&Jy|K:blFJll~((Jy| iJ ~(& ii (~lt(
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1VlJV?|l?~hllVJy|\&*wVl(
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l~l(~(lyl w~h(B 141 d h\|lK~<w|(Jy|U(JJVJ1J|~
B&J~l|FllbK~/JlK~F8|~y&JJ~(yl
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 F a|KlJyFJ&lK*8|l~?VJll?|(llVJy| ak

`k

&

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t
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t
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t
 
= 120


t
 
= 120

 :
4
A #
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ak t
  0 k = 1 . . . Nc


`k ak t
  0 k = 1 . . . Nc

ak t

0 k = 1 . . . Nc

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0 k = 1 . . . Nc

{}|~Jl-~(|FJlFl)~yFAVl"&)V K~|(hy
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[t0 , tf ]

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t
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tck1 t < tkb


tkb t < tkc

ak t1 
`k ak t1 
tf = t 0 +

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x = f (1) (x)
x = f (2) (x)
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1 %'(
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k = 1 . . . Nc

Fd 1
!

 


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Nc
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k=1

ak

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J =

Nc
X
k=1

X
Nc


!

`k

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5.3a

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17:00

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6.8c
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6.8d
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2 = 7 3 2

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5 =:

yi

1iq

9 8 7 29@=18 


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Dcharge

Dcharge

Benne

Vis
sables
Fosse
graisses
Fosse
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Eaux uses brutes

Dgrilleur
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Valorisation
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By-pass
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Dgraisseur
Dessableur

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Dcanteur
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Dcharge



Bassin
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Lgende

Circuit eau

Circuit boues

Retours en tete

By-pass

Circuits annexes

Q@w<-

Clarificateur

 




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Y3 7 I = 3CR
?5 C7 B? @V I
`

- -

*+Z/


*

@-

4Y

|

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-



<- M-

:*
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,).-/) 0'.
1  43u65.187 :9 <;+= 4>5.1 :9 1? ?5 = @>A1 B1 :3C> = 3C> :?5.7D5 @7E?52F 1 3C>A1
@> JI K= @?7 ? (L 2$M ON$P 8Q    & & 
@7 BRTS2187 3C>A1U7 .I 5 ? @>
3 41 :3C>Z? [I]\ 3 >A1 7D52187 4185 ;^I F7 = 1 :3C> ? DCO 3 I V I :> 7_1 1`V 43
a >A1  187 ? :7 .= 1 R >A1 1 :R65 Tb @7c1 47d? R 7 2e 5.7 4R >+1 I 
a

:*/=*

*
|

| 

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[uw \

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*

i

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+
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<-

*+(+

|

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9
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@7 @R6S.1D7 = :>5.1 49 .; 1 = 43CR65.187 :9

=Y

>n- <-

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YA

0.67
0.24

f rXI
iN BM
iN XI

0.08
0.08
0.06

<| 

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DCO DCO

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KO,H
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KO,A
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0.5
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0.05

 
 N

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 N






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5.76 104
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rh
rp
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1
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1 1

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N
1

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1 1

3 V 7 7D5 >A1 >+a 47D3C>


? I DCO 1D3@1 I @; 1 = 3C>A1 >A1 7D3 e :R B1 a R >A1
? = 3CI R I 3 5 3 I V I :> 7_1 40%
1 35% ? = 3CR 3 5 3 I V I V :3$?5"@7 @? BV I f 
f
63@I [> R >+ 1DR 7 B1 :R 3C> B> ? :S.7 @3@; 1 I :F> 7 := ? 1 :3@>A> 1 ?  \ "@R6>R67 3Ca > @> B9 ? 6I]F7\ :> & 1 :3C> >A1 ? = 3C> 1 1 6I B7_1 ? e :7 1 7 ?
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= B; I J?= 3 4a >A1 1DDCO
= I a f7 ;
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1
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f ; f

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@7_1 = I 47 4> = 4? >A1 1
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I DCO
3C7  @> :9 V :3$?5"@7 @? BV I X 1
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<-

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fXS
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R :9 <; I 1 >5 = 47 ? ? 3 7? = 3C>? 41 :3C> :> 41 I ?  18S.R 
7D5 I S.a R >A1
1 5 ? @> 7D5 1 7 1 I 7 <=  =.I  ? I 1 B1 :3C>T?3C>> >A1 ? :>? = 1 :3@> 7 I = 3CR
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V 3 <; R 7 1 >A1 >5 B>RT3 :> :> @>A1 3 7 1 :R 7 ; R  R
=
I
C7_3 :S.7 R >A1
;HI = 3C> = >A187 B1 43C> ? ? 5.7 >A1 U= 3CR 3 5 ?5 H> B7 I R63?S I 
1 
U> 7 R :S<7 I 1 7D> 1 4a T= 3C> 1 [b 1 4R 7 I = 3C>? 41 43C> :> 1 I ?  1DS<R = 3@> _3 :>
1 R >A1 e @7 @RTS2187 ? RT3$?S I R B1 5<R B1 49 I 3C7 ? I \ 4? >A1 = 1 :3@> @7 @R65.187 :9 
>? @>A1 ; = 1  ? \ 7D3 = CR >A1 >3@1 @V I R >A1 I >3CRV7 ? B7 @R6S.1D7 b :? >
1 "7  \ 187 B7_1 ;I = 3C> = >A187 B1 43C> 4> 41 I ? J= 3@R 3 5 @7c1 = I :7 3C>A1JF3C7_1 R >A1
= 3C7D7_5 I 5 >AV 187 > .I:9 I <; :> A9 1 4R \ 0a 1 .:= 3@> I 3@@>+7 1 BRT3 S218a 7 >A/1 = :>5.[1 49a$7 R1 V 1 @V = :3C R65.1D7 49 ? R63$?S I

1 ;
=
I I
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? 7D5" :R 1 B1 :3C>
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R 7D5   ' % 0a <= I @7 BRTS2187 @7J?5.F 1U?3C>>5 ? @> JI  @V  XW 1 ' %
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I =
I =
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B|

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U|

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F3C> = 1 :3@>G? \ 5 = @7c1 1 > F 3C> = 1 43C> 9 @?7 B1 49


<|

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*B/

++

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`_-



F-

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F-

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:*+

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<-

0|

[|

+
*
|

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*+
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? 5
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-

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F-

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*
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AW

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? B7 @R6S.1D7 ? R @> 4S<7 b R :> 4R 7 = 1U5 = @7_1"
= B1 43C> ?
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*+

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* +D/

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fbe

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<-



- <-

*+1/

*3j e_fhij lm ikj 

\>+:1D? 7 >+1
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M-?W

M`

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:*+
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F- |

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B1 7 .I:I R >A1


pp





M- 

U-

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( %

  

   
      
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10





Xtdec



8.662
10.174
15.038
36.868
256.40
263.20
255.96
262.75
255.51
5097.3



dec
pXI






4.086 101
4.094 101
4.102 101
4.106 101
4.107 101
4.107 101
4.107 101
4.107 101
4.107 101
4.104 101


$

SSba
0.985






!



5.511 101
5.516 101
5.525 101
5.532 101
5.534 101
5.534 101
5.534 101
5.534 101
5.533 101
5.527 101




XSba

"



!

2.803 102
2.809 102
2.817 102
2.823 102
2.825 102
2.824 102
2.824 102
2.824 102
2.824 102
2.818 102



dec
pXN
D

111.07

ba
XBA



ba
SN
O

5.919

Stdec
24.559
23.851
23.446
23.594
24.515
23.869
23.432
23.183
23.051
22.996

ba
SO

t = 9h

ba
XN
D

dec
pSN
D

ba
SN
D

dec
pSN
H

2.329 102
2.485 102
2.701 102
2.935 102
3.051 102
3.058 102
2.974 102
2.913 102
2.869 102
2.800 102

ba
SN
H

dec
pSN
O

7.013 102
7.064 102
6.143 102
4.228 102
2.059 102
2.935 102
3.931 102
4.823 102
5.677 102
6.538 102

4.002

dec
pSS

1.534 101
1.255 101
1.200 101
1.481 101
2.107 101
1.739 101
1.453 101
1.245 101
1.083 101
9.582 101

3.147

dec
pSI

4.434 102
4.561 102
4.601 102
4.506 102
4.201 102
4.411 102
4.489 102
4.568 102
4.677 102
4.769 102

0.728

7.088 101
7.334 101
7.455 101
7.352 101
6.962 101
7.221 101
7.407 101
7.524 101
7.594 101
7.631 101

0.466



t = 9h


%




1.338 103
1.207 103
1.039 103
9.238 104
8.924 104
8.950 104
8.978 104
9.007 104
9.037 104
1.001 103

2176.1

ba
XBH




$ #


dec
pXBA

35.61

t = 9h

1938.1

XIba

dec
pXBH



%


&

SIba
16.91







dec
pXS






!

1.228 102
1.088 102
9.143 103
7.937 103
7.587 103
7.620 103
7.654 103
7.690 103
7.725 103
8.751 103

( (

&

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D
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D.27l


D.27k




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 D.27g

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1
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