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INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

A Comprehensive Study of Dynamic Global History


Branch Prediction
Pierre Michaud Andre Seznec

N 4219
Juin 2001

ISSN 0249-6399

ISRN INRIA/RR--4219--FR+ENG

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Unite de recherche INRIA Rennes


IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
Telephone : +33 2 99 84 71 00 Telecopie : +33 2 99 84 71 71



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block address
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shift

global history

branch address
global history
(for updating and
restoring)

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1
1

3/1

1
2/1

predicted outcome 0/1

1
1/0

0/0

update with actual outcome


when the branch is executed

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f'BD

9;*   M*)8 (' T   V  )


O
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
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asymptotic
optimal

0.1
0
0

0.5
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"!^#%$


   !#"%$&'(*),+.-/10('-
2345' 76 ('
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instruction
pipeline

twobit counter table


b1

most
significant
bit
T1

b0

outcome

least
significant
bit
T0

b0

prediction

execution
"HOT"

"COLD"

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predictor
P1

prediction
bit p1

global history

perceptron
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fGls
global history

global history

"!^#%$


   !#"%$&'(*),+.-/10('-
2345' 76 ('
)8 :9; '*)<*'
t C % `

t}C U %

7%

7%

6%

6%

5%

5%

4%

4%

3%

3%

2%

2%

1%

1%

0%
0

10

0%

20

30

40

50

60

10

20

global history

20 %
18 %
16 %
14 %
12 %
10 %
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%

N=

- r

40

`U

20

30

50

60

25

30

25

30

global history

6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0

10

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15

0%
20

25

30

10

global history

15

global history

4.5 %

1%
0.9 %
0.8 %
0.7 %
0.6 %
0.5 %
0.4 %
0.3 %
0.2 %
0.1 %
0%

4%
3.5 %
3%
2.5 %
2%
1.5 %
1%
0.5 %
0%
0

10

15

20

25

30

10

15

20

QY hg pr \^p _ = xj o oo Y rhp }p +de\8l@v qUhg p \^_Az XZY \h rh fh Y dl rWp mk\%}ul Y dZ]^ls\@{Pl r = r }


l \ g Zv \%}| ]f jd@
global history

f'BD

global history

9;*   M*)8 (' T   V  )

Nu
` 

1000

1000

100

100

10

10

1
0

10

20

U ` U %
30

40

1
50

60

70

10

20

global history

A 

40

40

30

40

30

50

60

70

50

60

70

50

60

70

global history

1000

100

100
10
10

1
0

10

[Q % r % ` W
20

30

40

1
50

60

70

10

20

global history

30

global history

100

100

10

10

1
0

10

20

30

40

50

Qhg p \^_% 1o o hr p }de\8l#

60

70

global history

10

20

r }f+ r ?f p l Y ]^|ds|%fu\hzfWdf gz}|ls r } ur 


global history

# 

"!^#%$


   !#"%$&'(*),+.-/10('-
2345' 76 ('
)8 :9; '*)<*'
t C % `

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100

100

10

10

1
0

10

20

30

NwN

1
40

50

60

70

10

20

global history

- r
30

40

50

60

70

25

30

35

25

30

35

global history

1000

10000

1000
100
100
10
10

1
0

10

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15

1
20

25

30

35

10

global history

1000

1000

100

100

10

10

15

20

1
0

10

15

20

25

Qhg p \^_DNz 1o o hr p }de\8l#

30

35

global history

f'BD

`U

20

15

global history

10

r }f+ r ?f p l Y ]^|ds|%fu\hzfWdf gz}|ls r } ur 


global history

# 

9;*   M*)8 (' T   V  )

N1p
` 

140

120

120

100

100

80

80
60
60
40

40

20

20
0
0

10

U ` U %

20

30

40

0
50

60

10

20

global history

A 

40

40

30

40

30

50

60

50

60

50

60

global history

60

140

50

120
100

40

80
30
60
20

40

10

20

0
0

10

[Q % r % ` W
20

30

40

0
50

60

10

20

global history

30

global history

120

140

100

120
100

80

80
60
60
40

40

20

20

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

10

20

Q hg p \P__r pz or o ]^p dey p Y \@{j|ls r p^}z}?p le\ p GY fu+a\@p y p \@de\%}?r le\A{ rY }Y l Y p\m fG ijd dp l Y \^XZ}Y gz] r \ prh {jp m
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global history

global history

"!^#%$


   !#"%$&'(*),+.-/10('-
2345' 76 ('
)8 :9; '*)<*'
t C % `

t}C U %

180

180

160

160

140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

0
0

10

20

30

0
40

50

60

10

20

global history

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5
0

10

 % r
15

0
20

- r

40

`U

20

15

20

30

50

60

25

30

25

30

global history

30

N?

25

30

10

global history

15

global history

18

70

16

60

14

50

12
10

40

30

20

10

2
0

0
0

10

15

20

25

30

10

QWg p \_G o o ]^dey p \@{j|ls r } }?le\ p Gfh=z| qUhg p \^__p


global history

f'BD

global history

9;*   M*)8 (' T   V  )

N1O
` 

7%

7%

6%

6%

5%

5%

4%

4%

3%

3%

2%

2%

1%
0%
256

1%

bi-mode
agree-pu
512

U ` U %

1k

2k

4k

8k

16k

32k

0%
256

512

A 

1k

bimodal entries

2k

4k

8k

16k

32k

16k

32k

16k

32k

bimodal entries

9%

4.5 %

8%

4%

7%

3.5 %

6%

3%

5%

2.5 %

4%

2%

3%

1.5 %

2%

1%
bi-mode
agree-pu

1%
0%
256

bi-mode
agree-pu

512

1k

% ` h
2k

4k

8k

bi-mode
agree-pu

0.5 %
16k

32k

0%
256

512

1k

bimodal entries

@
2k

4k

8k

bimodal entries

12 %

7%

10 %

6%
5%

8%

4%
6%
3%
4%

2%

2%
0%
256

1%

bi-mode
agree-pu
512

1k

2k

4k

8k

16k

32k

0%
256

bi-mode
agree-pu
512

1k

2k

4k

8k

Qhg p \p __Ov r ]^p yf p d rWr p } ruZY Y fhd deyzY l+p fh}r { rfhd fh p \%\h!dey p \@{j|ls p r }y\ p |%\%}?lsfh h\ ru ] r r {j\
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bimodal entries

"!^#%$


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2345' 76 ('
)8 :9; '*)<*'
t C % `

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7%

9%

6%

8%
7%

5%

6%

4%

5%

3%

4%
3%

2%

2%

1%
0%
256

bi-mode
agree-pu
512

1k

2k

4k

8k

bi-mode
agree-pu

1%
16k

32k

0%
256

512

1k

bimodal entries

25 %
20 %
15 %
10 %
5%

bi-mode
agree-pu
512

1k

 % r
2k

4k

8k

16k

32k

10 %
9%
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
256

8k

16k

32k

512

1k

`U
2k

4k

8k

16k

32k

16k

32k

bimodal entries

18 %

6%

16 %

5%

14 %
12 %

4%

10 %

3%

8%
6%

2%

4%

1%

bi-mode
agree-pu

2%
512

1k

2k

4k

bimodal entries

f'BD

4k

bi-mode
agree-pu

bimodal entries

0%
256

- r
2k

bimodal entries

30 %

0%
256

Nh

8k

16k

32k

0%
256

bi-mode
agree-pu
512

Qhg p \^_@zv qQhg p \^__Oz

1k

2k

4k

bimodal entries

8k

9;*   M*)8 (' T   V  )

pW
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6%

7%

5%

6%
5%

4%

4%
3%
3%
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2%

1%
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256

1%

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agree-pu 3bc
512

U ` U %

1k

2k

4k

8k

16k

32k

0%
256

512

A 

1k

bimodal entries

2k

4k

8k

16k

32k

16k

32k

16k

32k

bimodal entries

8%

4%

7%

3.5 %

6%

3%

5%

2.5 %

4%

2%

3%

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2%

1%
bi-mode 3bc
agree-pu 3bc

1%
0%
256

bi-mode 3bc
agree-pu 3bc

512

1k

% ` h
2k

4k

8k

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agree-pu 3bc

0.5 %
16k

32k

0%
256

512

1k

bimodal entries

@
2k

4k

8k

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12 %

7%

10 %

6%
5%

8%

4%
6%
3%
4%

2%

2%
0%
256

1%

bi-mode 3bc
agree-pu 3bc
512

1k

2k

4k

8k

16k

32k

0%
256

bi-mode 3bc
agree-pu 3bc
512

1k

2k

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8k

p x
p
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bimodal entries

"!^#%$


   !#"%$&'(*),+.-/10('-
2345' 76 ('
)8 :9; '*)<*'
t C % `

p_

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7%

8%

6%

7%

5%

6%
5%

4%

4%
3%

3%

2%

2%

1%
0%
256

bi-mode 3bc
agree-pu 3bc
512

1k

2k

4k

8k

bi-mode 3bc
agree-pu 3bc

1%
16k

32k

0%
256

512

8k

16k

32k

16k

32k

16k

32k

8%
7%

20 %

6%
5%

15 %

4%

10 %

3%
2%

5%

bi-mode 3bc
agree-pu 3bc
512

1k

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2k

4k

8k

bi-mode 3bc
agree-pu 3bc

1%
16k

32k

0%
256

512

bimodal entries

14 %
12 %
10 %
8%
6%
4%
bi-mode 3bc
agree-pu 3bc

2%
512

1k

2k

4k

bimodal entries

1k

`U
2k

4k

8k

bimodal entries

16 %

f'BD

4k

9%

25 %

0%
256

2k

bimodal entries

30 %

0%
256

- r

1k

bimodal entries

8k

16k

32k

5%
4.5 %
4%
3.5 %
3%
2.5 %
2%
1.5 %
1%
0.5 %
0%
256

bi-mode 3bc
agree-pu 3bc
512

Qhg p \#j_hv qQhg p \#uz

1k

2k

4k

bimodal entries

8k

9;*   M*)8 (' T   V  )

p?
` 

4%

5%
4.5 %
4%
3.5 %
3%
2.5 %
2%
1.5 %
1%
0.5 %
0%

3.5 %
3%
2.5 %
2%
1.5 %
1%
bias-split
bias-agree

0.5 %
0%
8k

16k

U ` U %

32k

64k

128k

256k

512k

bias-split
bias-agree
8k

16k

bias predictor entries

A 

32k

64k

128k

256k

512k

256k

512k

256k

512k

bias predictor entries

7%

3.5 %

6%

3%

5%

2.5 %

4%

2%

3%

1.5 %

2%

1%

1%

0.5 %

bias-split
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0%
8k

16k

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32k

64k

bias-split
bias-agree

0%
128k

256k

512k

8k

16k

bias predictor entries

10 %
9%
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%

32k

64k

128k

bias predictor entries

4.5 %
4%
3.5 %
3%
2.5 %
2%
1.5 %
1%
bias-split
bias-agree

bias-split
bias-agree

0.5 %
0%

8k

16k

32k

64k

128k

256k

512k

8k

16k

32k

64k

128k

Qhg  p \#hz x fu]^\; \8ijyJ\ p ]^\%}?l5fhY d r } Up hg p \^ps__r O gzl= l Y r \ ] r {zfulf \ Y fWd \@\%} p \%yzfh|%\@{kl Y
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bias predictor entries

"!^#%$


   !#"%$&'(*),+.-/10('-
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t C % `
5%
4.5 %
4%
3.5 %
3%
2.5 %
2%
1.5 %
1%
0.5 %
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p=

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4.5 %
4%
3.5 %
3%
2.5 %
2%
1.5 %
1%
bias-split
bias-agree

8k

16k

32k

bias-split
bias-agree

0.5 %
0%

64k

128k

256k

512k

8k

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- r

32k

64k

128k

256k

512k

256k

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256k

512k

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25 %

8%
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20 %

6%
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15 %

4%
10 %

3%
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5%

bias-split
bias-agree

0%
8k

16k

0%

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32k

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bias-agree

1%

64k

128k

256k

512k

8k

16k

bias predictor entries

32k

`U

64k

128k

bias predictor entries

14 %

4%

12 %

3.5 %
3%

10 %

2.5 %

8%

2%
6%

1.5 %

4%

1%

2%

bias-split
bias-agree

bias-split
bias-agree

0.5 %

0%

0%
8k

16k

32k

64k

128k

256k

512k

8k

16k

Qhg p \# = v qQhg p \#hj

bias predictor entries

f'BD

32k

64k

128k

bias predictor entries

9;*   M*)8 (' T   V  )

ph
` 

6%

7%

5%

6%
5%

4%

4%
3%
3%
2%

2%

1%
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256

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512

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1k

2k

4k

8k

16k

32k

0%
256

512

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1k

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2k

4k

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32k

16k

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8%

4%

7%

3.5 %

6%

3%

5%

2.5 %

4%

2%

3%

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2%

1%
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1%
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256

bi-mode
agree-bimode

512

1k

% ` h
2k

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8k

bi-mode
agree-bimode

0.5 %
16k

32k

0%
256

512

1k

bimodal entries

@
2k

4k

8k

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12 %

7%

10 %

6%
5%

8%

4%
6%
3%
4%

2%

2%
0%
256

1%

bi-mode
agree-bimode
512

1k

2k

4k

8k

16k

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0%
256

bi-mode
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512

1k

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bimodal entries

"!^#%$


   !#"%$&'(*),+.-/10('-
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7%

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6%

7%

5%

6%
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256

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512

1k

2k

4k

8k

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agree-bimode

1%
16k

32k

0%
256

512

8k

16k

32k

16k

32k

16k

32k

8%
7%

20 %

6%
5%

15 %

4%

10 %

3%
2%

5%

bi-mode
agree-bimode
512

1k

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2k

4k

8k

bi-mode
agree-bimode

1%
16k

32k

0%
256

512

bimodal entries

16 %
14 %
12 %
10 %
8%
6%
4%
bi-mode
agree-bimode

2%
512

1k

2k

4k

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1k

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2k

4k

8k

bimodal entries

18 %

f'BD

4k

9%

25 %

0%
256

2k

bimodal entries

30 %

0%
256

- r

1k

bimodal entries

8k

16k

32k

5%
4.5 %
4%
3.5 %
3%
2.5 %
2%
1.5 %
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256

bi-mode
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512

Qhg p \#1Njv qQhg p \#G

1k

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8k

9;*   M*)8 (' T   V  )

pwp
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7%

7%

6%

6%

5%

5%

4%

4%

3%

3%

2%

2%
meta
vote
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1%
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0

10

0%

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15

20

meta
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vote/agree

1%

25

30

35

40

10

global history

A 

15

20

25

30

35

40

35

40

35

40

global history

12 %

4.5 %
4%

10 %

3.5 %

8%

3%
2.5 %

6%

2%

4%

1.5 %
1%

meta
vote
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2%
0%
0

10

% ` h
15

20

meta
vote
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0.5 %
0%

25

30

35

40

10

global history

@
15

20

25

30

global history

14 %

6%

12 %

5%

10 %

4%

8%
3%
6%
2%

4%
meta
vote
vote/agree

2%

meta
vote
vote/agree

1%

0%

0%
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

10

15

20

25

30

Qhg p \1pzdey p \@ {j |ls r } y \ p |%\% }?lsfhh \ rh *      



 
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global history

 



 

 

"!^#%$


   !#"%$&'(*),+.-/10('-
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10

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9;*   M*)8 (' T   V  )

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global history

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50

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40

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8%
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30

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100 %
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gtags6
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70 %
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90 %
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f'BD

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Unite de recherche INRIA Rennes


IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
Unite de recherche INRIA Lorraine : LORIA, Technopole de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique
615, rue du Jardin Botanique - BP 101 - 54602 Villers-l`es-Nancy Cedex (France)
Unite de recherche INRIA Rhone-Alpes : 655, avenue de lEurope - 38330 Montbonnot-St-Martin (France)
Unite de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt : Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)
Unite de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis : 2004, route des Lucioles - BP 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)

Editeur
INRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)

  


  

ISSN 0249-6399

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