Maths Cours 7ème Année

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35960 37806
20768 437476
568910 58932
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0
28
5796
427
q L hR
q Oa
MG (3
........
........
........
........
........
........
= 95 + 2300 + 5
= 3 x 345
= 1 x 56790
= 6 x 2 - 16
= (5+3) - 20
= 10 + 6 - 27
SG OdH Iq e q c CG (4
0 = x 1364
2783 25
40 = 7 -
27 = 15 - + 27
152 = x 152
16 = 2 - + 16
392
: dq dG q dG CG (5
: hG e SG ceCG ( x ) edG V (6
675
840
2
Y d Hb
Y d Hb
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Y d Hb
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jQqdG Gg M (1
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q dG OdG f q c e cG
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.... = SO 5 h 3
..... = U 25 h 2
O ..... = e 35 h O 4
: SG dG dG OdG fN c cG (3
0,18
25,7
4,18
q dG OdG
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0,1 0,092
13,27 13,4
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> 4,73 >
2,23 - 34,5
15,54 + 6,35
> 0,853 >
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1938 = 5,7 x 3,4
10,902 = 237 x 4,6
.Hc q c bq dG OdG CG (7
.... = 1000 : 75
.... = 100 : 406
480 = ..... x 4,8
: jq dG OGYCG - III
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14
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7
+1=
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7
4
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3
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5
5
3
=
25
5
6
7
4
7
5
7
3
9
=
12
12
=
16
4
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5
3
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2
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8
>
>
2
9
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7
7
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4
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10
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,
45689
3434
465
6079
5790
105893
3658
3865
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28
q LhR
q Oa
.MG (3
= 98 + 2500 + 2
= 25 + 175
= 10 + 2790
=6x0x6x3
= 2 x 1340
= 2 x 345
= 10 x 6 x 3
=5x2+4
=5x2+4
= 10 + 6 - 27
= (5 + 3) - 18
= 6 x 2 - 15
SG OdH Iq e q c CG (4
0 = x 364
127 = x 27
90 = + 20
16 = 2 - + 16
: ddG q dG CG (5
2550
13
75
474
864
: hG e SG ceCG ( x ) edG V (6
1980 843
370
474
2
Y d Hb
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q dG OdG f qc e cG
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.... = SO 4 h 2
..... = U 25 h 3
..... = U 5 h 1
O ..... = e 350 h O 2
O ..... = e 75 h O 3
: SG qdG dG
q OdG fN qc cG (3
0,347
300,625 107,46 27,6
5,32
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14
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47,5 37,85
0,083 0,23
25,06 25,1
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> 3,25 >
> 27,08 >
> 0,785 >
.
q OdG Vd ah qY qc CG (6
3,24 + 145
6,25 - 27,8
3,54 + 8,25
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q bh (7
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18468 = 5,7 x 3,24
864 = 3,6 x 2,4
9,768 = 2,4 x 407
27,825 = 525 x 5,3
.Hc q c bq dG OdG CG (8
... = 1000 : 75
... = 100 : 304
... = 100 : 87,4
... = 10 : 6,75
0,45 = ... : 45
630 = ... x 6,3
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3
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7
5
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3
5
5
7
4
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3
2
5
=1
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>
3
4
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3
=
25
5
43
2,7
10
5
3
6
7
5
7
9
12
<
12
=
16
6
18
=
24
6
0,6
10
4
7
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>
14
>
3
12
>
7
>
12
>
5
>
>
3
2
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.... =
2
+ 3
3
.... =
4
- 2
3
.... =
5
x 1
7
7
6
.... =
5
3
+
7
7
.... =
3
- 1
4
.... =
3
8
.... =
3
x 8
4
.... = 1 +
.... =
5
8
3
x 7
8
16
: dG GMh - IV
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eq dG b
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qdG
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.U ....... = U 5 h 2
. ........ = 75 h c 1
.U ........ = U 25 + SO 3
.U ........ = SO 3 h 4
. ........ = 250 h c 1
. ........ = c 3 h g 3
2SO ........ = 2 1
2U ................ = 2 1
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e Y .......65 J je f qJGh JdG e ....... 1250 `H MT q M
o
...... 70 dq e YH dPh bfG
cCG hJ IdG
q L q Y UE ... 20 Iq j qdG qbd FdG
q q VG
. ..... 30 h ..... 1 e
.SG OdH qe Ga qc CG (4
O ...... = O 35 h S 1
S ...... = O 180
. .... h O ..... = 170
17
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18
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21
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22
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.dc CGJh QdG
.dc CGJh dG
A
CG
: eCG
: eCG
CG qG @
B
C
ABC qG @
U 3 = CG @
AB = 3 cm @
7 hj 2 h 5 @
7hj 2 h 5 @
7 = 2 + 5 f
5 + 2 = 7 f
2 e cCG 5 @
2 e cCG 5 @
2 < 5 f
5 > 2 f
5 Y 17Od qjbEG dG QN @
5 Y 17Od jq bEG dG QN @
B 3cm A
2 bHh 3 g U 3 CG
2 bH h 3 g
5
2 + 5 x 3 =17 f
5cm
17 = 3 x5 + 2 f U
ABCDG b @
O O CG G b @
C
D
16 = 2 x 8 = 2 x (3+5) : g dH
(5 + 3) x 2 = 8 x 2 =16 : g dH
q
q
(CD) h (AB)
G Wj @ qdG ( ) h (CG) G Wj @
. `g
E.q dG
CG
`g
1h 15 mn = 75 mn
2 kg 35 g = 2035 g
9 > 4 qC 9 > 1
4
23
@
@
@
.O 75 = O 15 h S 1 @
. 2035 = 35 h c 2 @
4 < 9 qC 1 < 9 @
4
Qq JC
: G CGbCG
4 x 3 + 1 = 13 (1
0 < 6 h 9 > 2 (2
4 YJQG bh 7 h 5 JYb b e T (3
Me b PEG .(dH)
q
(5 +7) x 4 = 24 : g Hq G dH
q
2
7 (4
4
3
=
+
5
5
6 > 3 qC 6 > 3 (5
7
7
5 < 1 qEa 5 < 7 qCG (6
7
PE
G
VC
G je ABC qG (7
AB = BC = AC
5
A = B = C = 60 h
20
: dqdG G Y qVjQ HH qYCG

6 e cCG 17 (1
40 hj 8 h 5 jOdG AGL (2
19 hj 10 h 3 h 6 OGYCG (3
CG jH V g 3 h 7 dH
GH e b (4
q
9 j 7 h 5 jOdG e 3 OdG W (5
3 g bHh 2 g 5 Y 13 Od jq bEG dG QN (6
2 hj 8 OdG (7
4
(G G q Vjq dG HdG SCG) : dq dG SCG Y LCG

.(dH)
MG (1
4 d aGG JQG bh 6V b qe Me qHG dH
q
q
? Mq dG g eGO c . 120km ae 90 km/h YS q e IQqS b (2
fCG c . 850 M IMGdG K SGq c
q Sh .1d,500 MGdG K Hc Y iTG (3
? G Y
.HGL qY ? 3 Y dG j 2345 OdG qCG g (4
? [BC]d OdG SG
g e A I h [BC] dG e I h AB = AC qCG f (5
q
10 h 13 jOdG Qb (6
8 MG (7
4 jOdG
.dM q c
1 h 3 -CG
1 h 2 -
7,46 h 8,56 -
8
5
8
C = 25 qCG Y GPEG A Fb ABC qe B jhGq dG b MG (8
24

qdG dG
q
q OGYCG
q dG dG
OGYCG Y q dG
q
q qdG dG
OGYCG ib II
q
JYeh W U OY SGb III
UCG G YG - cCG G SdG
25
q qdG
q dG OGYCG Y q dG I
1
5
12
bq dG Y S HQCG eQ qdG qJ
aGG q d HQCG OGYCG Mh
GPEG U j) .dG
q HUCG qdG Wd
H j qN Y hCG bq dG QN dG
q bh
(e
bq dG Y HQCG e H S eQ
.f 23 Y
q a
Y q j OGYCG T 23OdG cG (1
.S HUCG dG WG
Y J
CG dG eG g e (2
q
G qCG Y GPEG eQ HQCG KEG S
? Jq e UCG f 12 `d aGG
.gP HM Y YJ H JBG eG Hc YCG
1 f
2 f
(1300 +19) +(28 + 11) + 1700 + 12 , (79 + 1099) + 21 + 101 , 2 + 51 + 98
q dG G f (1
.jq Oa CG LhR G Gg c EG cPG ,q dH dG hO
? dq dG OGYCG H e HdG
q d bCG OdG g e (2
254706 + 25 + 161 + 3
2547000
25400
3 f
256000
26
(1)
(2)
: qdG dG qeCJ

(3)
(4)
.SQ q c dG OY MG (CG
UGe hO (10) TdG SdG jj dG dG OY j g (
.? q dG SQ
.HdG
q dG e h TdG SdG jZ EG SGq c Y dG G (
q qdG dG
q OGYCG
hj OY q c j H CG K SCG dG SGq c Y fG
(9 + 5 = 14 : e) SCG jOLG jOdG
27
5 f
32
19
5
14
9
13
8
0
q h q jJ Y g q dG dG
q OGYCG L
j
OhM JJ J d q j OGYCG IY M Y
jOdG H jq M jJh
EG Gj H G hG
OGq H
q G GedG OY
e e bfG Y IQq S
.NBG e EG dUh Yh
b dG a G Oq M
.IQdG
q
fqdG YdG
10 kg e q bCG
GG Gg j
100 kg EG 15 kg e
35 kg hCG
YdG
YdG c Y q j CG MCG jj
.fdG
GG SH dP d c
? a HG
.dd e YG
SG OdH Hq e q c VY
q q K j e fG
38 +
+ 17 = 3017
= 101
- 16 = 19
q W U OGYCG KK c h b h a c GPEG
qEa c e cCG b M
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x J
215840 + 104700 + 270000
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600000
700000
400000
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b e cCG a M qW U OGYCG KK ch b h ac GPEG
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h
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jH fG
q MG MG 10 f
49m hJ EFGD Hq G Me qCG Y
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2
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dG q G e f OdG MWh
CG
q W U OGYCG KK c h b h a c GPEG
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29
ha ```H Qd ef
1 ha = 10 000 m2
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q
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MG qH .qHe Ge 970 Me
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q
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1 a 10 m
10 m
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q MG Hq G G Hh jH MG
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h (580 + 1898) - (280 + 1898)

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(831 - 747) - (830 - 747)
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70 + ( 830 - 650 )
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(2 x 579) x 5
(25 x 13) x (4 x 3)
795 x 938 x 0 x 2164
104 x 210 : AGyG M hO
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f EG bCG
22000
2140
210 000
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........................8074 x 1002
ABCD G Me jH MG 15 f
f
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a x (b + c) = a x b + a x c
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q qdG dG
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Z = (49 x 37) + (51 x 37)
T = (278 x 12) - (278 x 2)
q U q H Lj ,qU 23 H Le Yb
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77 x 10 = ........
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12 x 12
27 x 27
35 x 35
38
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2 x 2
10 x 10
10 x 10
12 x 12
10 x 10
10 x 10
11 x 11
10 x 10
2
10
3x3 x 3
3
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.VY MyG , 10 dWh 10 Me e (
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21
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6 x 10
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39
2x2x2x2
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....
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121 x 2 x 2
49 x 9
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36 x 25
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8100
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15
15 x 22
q dhCq G eGY AGL EG OY d q Y jW

5
h3h
q dhCq G OGYCG e q c Y dG j120 OdG

: dqdG dG H f
120 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5
3
120 = 2 x 3 x 5
Y a
q
CG
120
60
30
15
5
1
2
2
2
3
5
qH bae j
hCq G jdG
q
G
4900 = 49 x 100
2
= 7 x 10
d (CG
Od Hq e U 4900 OdG cCG (CG
a q f
= (70)
a = 70
PEG
70 = 2 x 5 x 7
2
OdG qa (
4900 = (70) = (2 x 5 x 7)
4900 = 2 x 5 x 7
.qdhCq G eGY AGL EG
eGY AGL EG J SG (
4900 Od q dhCq G
50
G
4356
2178
1089
363
121
11
1
2
qdG jdG
q
2
2
3
3
11
11
Hq e U b Od Hc SG (
.W U Od
PEG
4356 = 2 x 3 x 11
2
b = (2 x 3 x 11)
2
b = 66
q qdG dG
q OGYCG
OdG f
.q dhCq G eGY AGL EG b OdG qa (CG
b = 4356
d (CG
J
3 x 5 x 120
15 x 9 x 8
: dqdG OGYCG qdhCq G eGY AGL EG qa (CG

.ec Hq e g SCG OGYCG e OY q c qCG q H (
1296
4900
676
.dhCq G eGY AGL EG SCG OGYCG qa (

250 000
10 000 000
.Hq e e
5625
1 000 000
Me Hq e V W L (O
cCG G SdG -4
51
72
36
18
9
3
1
2
2
2
3
3
W U OY SGb Y OjEG
: `è
72 OdG SGb Y Y dG jf
.dhCq G eGY AGL EG 72 OdG J (CG
3
72 = 2 x 3
: j
16
Od SGb HQCG Y f
, 3 dO 2 hCq G edG (
q
2 h 2 g
2 h 2 h
3
8
2
1 (x)
24 12 6
72 36 18 9
CG
Od SGb KK Y f
, 2 dO 3 hCq G edG (
q
9
CG
Y qCG (*) q d QZH hL SH f

g D72 `H d ef qdG 72 OdG SGb
D72 = {1 ; 2 ; 4 ; 8 ; 3 ; 6 ; 12 ; 24 ; 9 ; 18 ; 36; 72}
J
YG e q c UY Oq M
17
? dq dG GAGG e q c SGb OY g e
18
D324 h D200
4x5x 9
2x3 x 5
2 x 3
W U jOd cCG G SdG

45 OdG SGb Y L (CG
27 OdG SGb Y L (
13
45 h 27 jOd cG SGdG Y L
(
jOd e Sb cCG SG
354 OdG SGb Y L (CG (2
531 OdG SGb Y L (
531 h 354 jOd cG SGdG Y L (
.jOd e Sb cCG SG
52
b EG 26 cm h 39 cm GH e T c J Iq S jJ
hO) W U OY dH
IMGdG V dG
q
q qHeh je
.(dG e AL
q CG JEG
OY cCG Y J
CG jJ qfCG Y IMGdG dG V g e (1
q
? dG e
OY q bCG Y J
CG jJ qfCG Y IMGdG dG V g e (2
q
? dG e
30 h AGM IgR 42 h AH IgR 12
de jM e Y L
.d q c e QgRCG OY f Y bH jd AGU
? QgRCG q c SH jJ qdG bdG e OY cCG g e
q qdG dG
q OGYCG
IgR
14 f
15 f
Sb cCG g U jOd cCG G SdG

jOdG jd e
(a,c) .CG.. `H c h a jOd cCG G Sd ej
. 28 h 15 jOdG e q c SGb Y L (CG

.( 28 , 15 ) CG . . Oq M (
16 f
U jOd cCG G SdG c GPEG

dhCq G jOdG jg CG f 1 hj W
.H a
qH bae j
53
: hCq G jq dG
45 h 30 jOd cCG G SdG L : GDdG
q
: q``G
45 h 30 jOdG dhCq G eGY AGL EG qf ( 45 , 30) CG . . OjE
45 = 9 x 5 = 3 x 3 x 5
30 = 2 x 15 = 2 x 3 x 5
: Y f
q
45 h 30 `d cG SGdG g 15 h 5 h 3 h 1 OGYCG
5 h 3 g 45 h 30 jOd cG q dhCq G SGdG
(45 , 30) CG = 15 PEG
cCG G SdG
qW U jOd
dhCq G eGdG AGL g
AYEG e d cG
.e q d Ibq dO UCG
: qdG jqdG
180 h 48 jOd cCG G SdG L : GDdG
q
: q G
180 h 48 jOd dhCG eGY AGL EG J Gg
2
180 = 2 x 3 x 5
180
h 48 `d ce SGb g
48 = 2 x 3
12 h 4
h 3 h 2 h 1 OGYCG
g 180 h 48 jOd cG q dhCq G SGdG

2 x 3 = 12 PEG
(180,48) CG =
3h 2
CG OjE fK jW
( 45 , 30) CG OjEG : 1 è
5 e 45 h 30 jOd ce Sb f
45 h 30 jOdG e
q d 5 Y dG QN f
q M dG f
1 G Sb jOY Y f
q
45
30
5
5 Y 45 b QN
5 Y 30 b QN
3 Y 6 b QN
3
3 Y 9 b QN
3
1
(45 , 30)
CG
= 5 x 3 x1
54
q qdG dG
q OGYCG
48
: 2 `` ` e
(180 , 48) CG jd CGh q dG qG fG
jOd cCG G SdG OjE SbEG qeRQGN

(180 , 48) CG : e (1
: f 48 Y 180 `d jq bEG dG q H f 36 bdG a 180 = 3 x 48 + 36
: f 36 Y 48 `d jq bEG dG q H f 12 bdG a 48 = 1 x 36 + 12
36 = 3 x 12 : f 12 Y 36 `d jq bEG dG q H f . 0 bdG a
SdG q gh 12 g qjbEG dG e dG
q g d
q d bH NBG
. 48 h 180 jOd cCG G
(828 , 2106) CG.. , (228 , 126) CG.. : SbEG qeRGN SH MG (2
J
(70,161)
(90,75,105)
Sb a c GPEG
qEa b `d
(a,b) CG = a
55
(6,24)
(12,13)
MG
CG
(90,105) CG
(105,75) CG
GC
q gP MG
GC
(34567,1) CG
CG (300,12600) CG
19
20
UC G G YG - 5
cCGh dq dG HdG fyG 17 f
..... h ... jOd Ye 48 PEG (48 = 24 x 2)
... h ... jOd Ye 33 PEG 33 Od Sb 11 h 3 GOdG
... h ... jOd Ye 55 PEG 55 Od Sb 5 h 11 GOdG
14 Od Ye ..... PEG 56 = ... x 14
.... Od Ye 37 PEG 37 = ... x ....
71 e cCG 5
a qdG
dG
q OdG j
dG
q Od Ye
d
q dG b qdG
a `d Sb b c GPEG
Od Ye L
62 e UCG 5 Od Ye L
63 h 35 H IQG 11 Ye L
18 f
? 3`d Ye 46 qCG g
? 9 `d Ye 1051 OdG qCG g
? 5 `d Ye 258 x 15 OdG qCG g
19 f
: q dG hH eq G MG Y zCN{ hCG zU{ `H LCG
20 f
20 Od Ye 120
9 h 2 jOd Ye 252
1 Od Ye 291
90 Od Ye 181
251 Od Ye 251
45 Od Ye 270
3 Od Ye 1200
10 Od Ye 10
3 Od Ye 3 x10
0 Od Ye 1345
56
q H ae j
100 e UCG 12 Ye Y
L : GDdG
q
: `q `G
100 = 12 x 8 + 4
d
g 100 e UCG 12 Ye PEG
12 x 4 = 48 h 12 x 3 = 36 h 12 x 2 = 24 h 12 x 1 = 12 h 12 x 0 = 0
12 x 8 = 96 h 12 x 7 = 84 h 12 x 6 = 72 h 12 x 5 = 60 h
q qdG dG
q OGYCG
GhCG e NBG Uh Gd18e IMGdG S GhCG e U J

g e G q dG Y HG .FS IO Gd 15 e IMGdG S
. Gd 186 h Gd 138 H IQ qfCG Y GPEG IOq G
QGe Y cc q c aj dG
q HPG Ib
q Hh dG
q q dG
bq dH ej 59 hJ f M OQY IQhO qCG fh .jJ FGO
.VQCG bq dH ej 243 hJ f M Igq dG IQhOh VQCG
? ej14337N cdG e qc Qhj IQhO e c
.OMBG bQ dG q M 201. OdG f
? 5 h 3 `d Ye d OdG Gd OMBG bQ g e
? 15 `d Ye OdG Gg g
22 f
23 f
ce Ye a W U OY j
c h b W U jOd
c `d h b `d bdG f Ye a c GPEG
SJh fK 12 c
q qFV IQTEG IQe SJ
q IQTEG iNCG IQe
JQG fG .fK 16 c
j fK e c H .e JQTEG SQEG
? Iq e hCq e JQTEG SQEG
57
21 f
24 f
Y bdG f h qG f e LGQq H Sjh QSEG fG 25 f

q c IQhH Sj jh FbO 5 q c IQhH QSEG j .jFGO e
? Iq e hCq fEG qN Y e fj bO c H .FbO 4
W U jOd UCG G YG
jd d d e Ye UCG g d d
`H d ej c h a jOd UCG G YG jOdG
CG..(a,c)
UCG G YG
g q W U jOd
cG dhCq G eGdG AGL
AYEG e d cG Zh
.e q d Ib
q dO cCG
jOd UCG G YG OjEG

(20, 24) CG : 1 e
.q dhCq G eGY AGL EG 24 h 20 jOdG qf
3
24 = 8 x 3 = 2 x 3
2
20 = 4 x 5 = 2 x 5
(20, 24)
x
1
28
PEG
2 e
: hCG jW
: qdG qG M
6
15
2 x 3 x 5 = 120
(90,168) CG
168
90
GC =
(90, 168) CG = 28 x 90 = 168 x 15 = 2520
: fK jW
.q dhCq G eGY AGL EG 90 h 168jOdG qf
90
45
15
5
1
2
3
3
5
168 2
84
2
42
2
21
3
7
7
1
3
168 = 2 x 3 x 7
90 = 2 x 3 x 5
3
2
(90,168) GC = 2 x 3 x 5 x 7 = 2520
58
J
SyGh qdG qG J cCG (CG 21
(120,126) CG G
MG (
(10,15,20)CG Gh (124,144)CG G h (72,48) CG G
q qdG dG
q OGYCG
b `d YV a c GPEG
qEa
(a,b) CG = a
q gP MG
(6,7) CG
(12,9) GC
(35274,1) CG
(18, 3672) GC
(1000, 3758000) CG
.600 h 500H Q SQGG iMEG eJ OY

Mf GJ 36hCG GJ 12 hCG GJ 20GP q FL Y EG edG b
q GPEG
.Iq e qc eJ 7 j qfCG
? SQH eq dG OY e
59
22
23
q e
qh qjJ Y g qdG dG
q OGYCG L
j
OhM JJ J d j OGYCG IY M Y
jOdG H jq M jJh
qW U OGYCG KK c h b h a c GPEG
qEa c e cCG b M
a + c = b j a = b - c
OdG f e MW hCG dEG VCG GPEG jqM H dG qj
CG
qEa c e cCG b h b e cCG a M q W U OGYCG KK c h b h a c GPEG
(a - c) - (b - c) = a - b h (a + c) - (b + c) = a - b
dG qG e f OdG MW h GOY e qM EG VCG GPEG jOY j
CG
qEa c e cCG a M q W U OGYCG KK c h b h a c GPEG
(a - c) + (b +c) = a + b
qEa c e cCGb M qW U OGYCG KK c h b h a c GPEG
(a + b) - c = a + (b - c)
qEa b+ce cCG a H W U GOGYCG c h b h a c GPEG
a- (b + c) = (a - b) - c
h jJ Y g dG dG OGYCG V
j
HM H eY AGL jJ hCG eGY JJ J d j OGYCG IY AGL M Y
qEa q W U GOGYCG c h b h a c GPEG
a x (b + c) = a x b + a x c
G Y qjRJ dG
q qY qCG f
qEa c e cCG b M qW U GOGYCG c h b h a c GPEG
a x (b - c) = a x b - a x c
qdG Y q jRJ dG
q q Y qCG f
60
q e
.OdG Gd Ib
q q j W U Od jhe eGY AGL
.IdG
q dO q j AGG eGY OY
dO OdG Ib
q g d
q d W U OY Jb
q AGL
.dq dG hj
CG
n
n+m
q qdG dG
q OGYCG
a xa =a
d
q d dq dG f d W U jOY Jb
q AGL
ddG f d FG Ib
q g
CG
n
a x b = (a x b)
dO OdG Gd Ib
q g d
q d W U OY Ib
q Ib
q
.dq dG AGL
CG
n m
nxm
(a ) = a
61
q e
Od Sb b d d W U OY j
H q W U OY Lh EG a W U
a= bxq
j h 1 e cCG W U OY g hCq G OdG

f Yh 1 Y qGE dG
cCG g W U jOd cCG G SdG
jOdG jd e Sb
(a,c) CG.. `H c h a jOd cCG G Sd ej
W U jOd cCG G SdG c GPEG
H a dhCq G jOdG jg qCG f 1 hj
W U jOd UCG G YG
d d e Ye UCG g d
q d
jOd UCG G Yd ej .jOdG jd
(a, c) CG `H c h a
62
`` ` ` jQ`` ` ` `
q qdG
q dG OGYCG Y q dG - I
q K q dG dG SGc Y fyG
hj OY q c qCG Y GPEG CG
jOLG jO dG H dG
QdG e IAGdG J) .SCG
.(dG EG
(40 - 25 = 15) : e
Qq JCG
: jW jCH ddG eG MG
87 + 15 + 13 + 35 ( CG
189 + (403 + 211) + 17 (
3503 + 185 + 12 (
60000 + 70 + 10 + 4600 + 230 (O
: ddG TCG jd dG OGYCG qf
5
3
q qdG dG
q OGYCG
15
40
25
(1)
dG HG SGc Y fG
eG J H CG q K
QdG e q c jhe
.IYCGh QbCGh
8
7
CD
(3)
(2)
f GG Y TCG jJ q SG GPEG
? TdG dG jd j K OY a
(SG GG IFGH MCG)
27
24
21
18
15
je H UdG j qdG e
qJG eY VYG LHh fJ
10
: ce
h AD MCG q K Sq dG M 6
9
44 fJ
13dG R
57 LH
107 m
: dq dG jOdG MG (CG
A = (348 + 987) + 52
B = (587 + 438) - 38
A-B
63
h A + B MG (
LHh fJ H UdG aG MG (CG

dG R H UdG aG MG (
.LHh
: dq dG OGYCG MG
bdG G Y jH q Y
.jO jJ H d
q dG e SG OdG V
: ddG G e dM q c
........ - 49 = 94 (CG
95 + ....= 302 (
103 - .... = 47 (
(35 + ....) + 18 = 203 (O
(... + 503 ) - 200 = 740 (
A = (7835 + 647) - (5835 + 647)

12
57832708 EG bCG OdG cPCG 13
: dq dG OGYCG H e
60000000 58000000 57000000
G f (CG 14
O dG q dG REG hH cPG
H e G G g EG bCG
: dq dG OGYCG
8735 + 2947
12 000
13 000
14 000
dG f
380 000 - 370 000
15
B = (200314 - 978) - (9314 - 978)

C = (12083 + 3798) - 598
D = 2739 - (739 + 1400)
E = (3592 -736) + (208 + 736)
: ddG OGYG MG
4 + 6 x 75 (CG
45 x 8 + 2 (
(12 + 19) x 3 + 1 (
(24 - 15) x 4 + 6 (O
13 x 327 - 327 x 3 (
78 x 65 + 78 x 35 (h
IMdG EG q M K SGc Y fG
.SG
10
32 km = ....... dm (1
54 hm = ............. m
45 000 mm = ....... m
2200 dm = ....... dam
4 h 20 mn = ..... mn (2
1h 32 mn 15 s = ...... s
704 s = ......... mn .....s
372 mn = ........h ........ mn
4532s = .........h ..... mn .... s
O dG q dG REG hH cPG GQjO 280 Qb e HCG e w Y jGJ 11

H e dG G g EG bCG Qb dG dG qJe Y dM Yh
: dqdG OGYCG HCG d RJ gY .jO jJ OGQCG , O 495
. O 150 Qb jq dG e AL Y
100 000 1000
11 000
64
qXhCG
19
cT eq b JLe jhd
VdG SCG e d
: dG UG
q
e e Y 5 jT GPEG{
ITa 3 Y J
SCG
q
.zf SCG d
12 Y G YdG MCG OGQCG
e j CG Y a ITa
? Y
e IF qdG Id e J jf
QeCG 9 h e 18 GH dG
.aM Y QeCG 5 j H dPh
16
NG
GG d
q q G MG 20
N
q b qfCG Y dG
q Gg W MG
.3400 m g
.Ge Nd
ABCD h DCEF
.qe g c gOHCG e
IMGdG W HY 6 e Qb j
17
q
HY H UdG aG qCG Y.QeCG 8
.QdG W MG ,U 120 g
q qdG dG
q OGYCG
3400 - (15 x 38) + (15 x 43)

(3400 - 15 x 38) - (15 x 43)
3400 - (15 x 38 x 43)
3400 - (15 x 38 + 15 x 43)
3400 - 15 x (38 + 43)
IQ Y q c hG e SG
q G AG M e q
.NCH
65
.SG dG eH Hq e q c VY
q
794 = 7
100
39784300
57893
13
245
10
527800 = 39256500
999
13
1 = 56893
755 = 13000
18
q qdG
q dG OGYCG ib - II
7
...
12
...
2 x 5 = 10
...
...
...
...
...
...
5 x 2 = 10
...
6 =2 x3
...
7 x 3 = 21
...
: CGh q dG hG fG
7 x 5 = 35 16 x 5 = 10
7
2
16 x 5
27 x 15 x 125
48
21
4 5
...
3 ...
18
...
100 = 10
...
...
(41 ) = 41
(2 ) = 2
3 0
U OY Ib
q U cG (
: dq dG GAGG e qc W GM g eGdG q N qCG f
Kjh IcGq dG G j
(13 ) x (13 )
2 x (2 )
YS 12 q c q N EG q G fH
10 x (10 )
16 x 25
j c .AfEG q N Vh .jJ
8 x (7 ) x 2
Gg eGdG jN OY ej H
e qc IQU HCG cG 22
? AfEG
: dqdG GAGG
: SG OGYCH q dG VY
(3 x 13 ) x 5 x 13
q (CG
4 5
12
3 2
18
7 4
2 23
17
2 5
(13 ) = 1
(37 ) = 37
... 7
(7 ) = 7
h 1 h 18990 gP MG (CG
h (2 x 5 x 0 ) h 35278 h
(13 +7 ) + 7 MG (
h 2x3 +5 h
(2 x 3)
h
4x5
(4 x 5) h
h
(2 + 3)
2 x3 h
859
SG OGYCH q dG VY
q (CG
3527
16
OdG
qHe
q e
125
1 x3
... 8
81 x 5
1 0
36
U OY Ib
q U cCG (
26 x 169 x 2
Qq JCG
20
.SG OGYCH q dG VY
q (CG
10
(19 x 3 ) x (19 x 3)
5
4
6
3
8 x 35 x 7 x 5 x 2
2
4
4 3
6
12
(2 x 3 x 5 ) x 3 x 2
...
10000 x 10 = 10
11
7
...
10 = 10 x 10
13
13
2 x2 =2
: dq dG OGYCG MG
2
...
19
12
3 x 5 + (2 x 3)
(CG
4
4
3 + 2 (
2
2
19 + 25 + (4 +7) (
2 3
2
6 x (1 + 2 ) + (8 +4) (O
23
...
23 = 23 x 23
U OY Ib
q U AGL c cG (
.dP eCG EG
5
10000 x 10 x 10
7
2 x2x2
11
27 x 3 x 9
121 x 11
15
81 x 9
16 x 2
66
q e SH QGe qfc
.dqdG dG qH g c
28
dG qdG dG OdG gP LhCG

: dM q c dG e Sj
(5 ) = 1 (CG
2 x 2 = 2 (
13 x 13 = 13 (
(O
3 x 5 = 15
24
3 ...
11
...
15
...
1 Qe
2 Qe
Qe q c qG OY MG (1
Hqe U OY qc cG qK q c dG HLCG hCG GG NG
.dM
.U OY
qd fG
q q G J fYCG (2
GG
GG
GG
()
()
(CG)
: j e Y
Qe
q
4
...
25
3 x3
hj
q qdG dG
q OGYCG
3 2
1 QG q e
2 QG q e
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5 )
hj
2
d Q qG OY j c (CG
(5 + 3)
2
2
2
5 +3
64
5+3
U q dG cG ? LQO HQCG
hj
? MJ GPe .q W U OY Hq e
: qG OY j c (
? LQO N P Q ? LQO J P Q - jOU 10 jT e MU j 26
q
qXhCG
qCG f
jQGb 10 Y j hU q c .Y
935 = 9 x 10 + 3 x 10 + 5 x 10
.SO 10 J IQhQb q ch
f Y dq dG OGYCG cG (1 ,GT hJ d jdG dG qCG Y
645029 34580 5921 .GG
e dG
q SEG Sq dH g e
qd dCH qjJ b YCG ( 2
? G Gd dG
.e
, W qdG YGQd q e H30 q Ma VQCH
371 = 3 + 7 + 1 : qCG M
q (1 30
j WW
q U 30 H H q c
q ddG OGYCG e OY q c GqC qM (2
30,SZ
q Hh SZ 30 Y
q U q c
.ebQCG q e hj
g e .eGZ 30 e qc J IK
407
370
153
u CG Y MG g J g (3 ?WdG e G q dH q K GZdH
? q W U OY
2
67
29
27
CGh fG (1 34
Qj VQCG M qCG Y GPEG (2
M g a ,q e ec 11 x 10
? q e e QH
g dG M qCG Y GPEG (3
g a ,VQCG M Iq e 1 300 000
? q e e QdH M
3
...
1km = 10 m
11
: CGh fG (1 35
3
f .T bQ SCG dG
q 31
, a2 fdG h b qM a1 hCG fG
a4 h a2 e V a3 qK qM
a3 e V
.INCG fG qM Ggh
. c5 fG qG OY g e (CG
h8CG INCG fG qG OY g e (
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1 L = 1dm = .... mm
e e
q g AGG GjdG (2
5 QH LJh fEG O fe
q
.q G qH Ijc je
Qj e H fEG L qCG Y GPEG
Od qjJ b YG ,O Gd 5
a b c d e f g h
.fEG L AGG GjdG
qdG aG g FdG
q dG
q 36 f g dG e aqJ f cCG 32
q e e 180 000 `H Q Jh hReCG
gh S AdG T j
.ec Qe 9000 QJ
fqdG
Y LJ VQCG Y cGdG HCG
fqdG q dH q dG g cG (1
.FV S Qe10 e cCG
aG ec QH g e (1 d 2 x 3 x 10hJ q dG g qCG q H (2
.YdG
q
? cGdG g Y J dG
? OdG Gg U e Lj c (2
3
g a S 46 x 10 g VQCG Y (1 33
hO11 h 10 jOdG Qb (CG (1 37
? S H gY
.q dG REG
500 000 000 QJ VQCG Me(2
OGYCG MCG hj 11 Cq G f (
.Heq ec
.q dG hH IG e HG edH Me cG (CG
q
161051 1021 163525 5311
. 10 ib
1021
? dG
GG
aGj
GP
q
Me g e (
..dG PEG SG
OGYCG H e164OdG f LJ (2
? Hq G H
: q dG hH IG
? QdHh
8
492 4410944 4410232
.M hO LSG
68
JYeh W U OY SGb - III
q j U H LEG q c
LCG .f K Y MU
L Y U HLEG e
SCG
.f 48 Y h
q
Y MhG SCG OY g
? e
Qq JCG
: dq dG OGYCG f
35631
35865
;
35800
35694 ; 35611
;
q qdG dG
q OGYCG
e S j CGh q dG hG fG

.eq G OGYCG
q G dG c GPEG 5
. 163 g qdG Id He
b J CG H d g (CG
. HGL qY ? OdH fG
IGQd qFqdG qdG g e (
g qdG QdG qCG Y GPEG
? 9
GOY j CG Qd g (
? q LhR
eq G OGYCG H e YCG (CG

e S b q c h H
. jAGd
OdG
3 h 2
5 h
2
9 h
Hb
dG
Y
.CGh q dG hG fG
9
g
8108, 405 ddG OGYCG f
12, 33, 32, 520, 300
OGYCG NGO qeh SCG qG fG (CG
dG HdG OGYCG Y g A M
eq G OG YCG H e YCG ( HdG OGYCG Y g B h 2 Y
3Y dG
.jOd e Sb q c hH
? C YG q GPe (
4512 h 3612
33
11
OdG dqdG OGYCG H e Oq M (CG 7

jOd ce Sb d qdG
60
69
12
48
4
2 Y 521954 b bH
h 15 x 33
22 x 36
5
9 h
OG YCG H e O Y L j (CG
OdG j hH eq G
.cPG
12
21 x 30
2 x3 x5
18
27 50 40 2 x 9 2 x 3 x 5
3
: q ddG YG L (CG
D200 ; D72 D54
(72 ; 54) CG PEG L (

(245 ; 200) CG
100 ; 88 ; 83 ; 69 ; 35 ; 28 ; 15
13
qdG OdG dq dG OGYCG H e YCG (CG

45 Y dG j
845
: dq dG YG SG (
q K
: dq dG OGYCd q dhCq G SGdG cPG
D245 ; D200 ; D72 ; D54
125 16x9 2 x 3 x 5 2 x 33 (2 x 3)
D245
18 x 14
407 h 740 h 74
,hH eq G OGYCG H e
.cPG
2
: dq dG OGYCd ce Sb L (
2 x 3 x 5 Od MGh Sb Lj (
hH eq G OGYCG H e Oq M (
jAGd ce Sb d qdG OdG
225
125
qdG OdG dq dG OGYCG H e YCG (

12 Y dG j
60
dG j
304 12120
2325213
12
OdG qCG g (
MG (CG 14
6 Y
(96 ; 360) CG h (80 ; 72) CG
: dq dG YG SG (
dqdG OGYCG qdhCq G eGY AGL EG qa (CG 10
D360
D96 ; D80 D72
750 ; 288 ; 51 ; 38 ; 24 ; 16
q gP MG
15
jOdG q dhCq G eGY AGL EG qa (
CG h (85723 ; 1) CG
378 h 2200
q d q dhCq G eGY AGL EG J SG (
(6430 ; 10) CG h (81 ; 9) CG e
2
2
(41 ; 7) CG h (51 ; 9) CG
378 x 2200 h 378 h 2200
(6430 ; 10)
MG (CG
(54 ; 18)
CG h (54 ; 18) CG
MG (
(85 ; 17)
CG h (85 ; 17) GC
MG (
(126 ; 21) CG h (126 ; 21)
GC
16
e OY q c q dhCq G eGY AGL EG qa

: dq dG OGYCG
11
3200000 ; 1250000 ; 1000

2
2 3
10 [(1600) ] ; 8 x 9
70
MG (O
qdG e a L 21 (85 ; 54 ; 18)
CG h (85 ; 54 ; 18) CG
jOU ZGaEG feEH a
e MGdG j SdG e
qXhCG
j qdG e jOU hCG 15 kg
Se bH f q c VYh
q hG fG 17
12 kg e MGdG
q
e G c Y HG dG Hb OY Y fN q c d
. 9 h 5 Y
qfCG Y GPEG GZdH qdG
6150 kgh 6100 kg H IQ
9 . 9 . 5 . 2 . . 13 .
q qdG dG
q OGYCG
e Me AGL q 2 x 5 OdG
OGYCG qfCGh Y gOHCG LhCG .qHeh
.q W U
18
`````S e RGe T VM
.Gd 715
OGYCG qfCGh Y d
q H O HCG LhCG
.q W U
19
qe g c LQq e Je Vh
.GdG
q Hj M SCG
20
0
0
7 8
AGLCG G e
q gh 144 cm hCG W j
160 cm fdG W jh 48 gOY je
. 32 gOY je AGLCG G e
q gh
H G jQ dG N Y HG
.ebQCG cH dPh JG
71
jq dG OGYCG
jq dG OGYCG
qjdG OGYCG
q q dG jq dG OGYCG II
c Od G HdG III
jq c OGYCG fQe IV
.qjdG OGYCG Y qdG V
.qdG - jq Fe f - q jJ b VI
jq dG OGYCG -I
2,8
1 f
d aGG dG OdG CG q dG jQq dG Mf
2,63 dG
OdG
dG
q AG g 2
dG AG g 63
2
dG
q AG
63
dG AG
hG e q d aGG jq dG OGYCG cG
D hC h B h A
jq dG OGYCG -jq dG OGYCG
.jOdG e q c EG q dH dPh SG fG bQ q c V q K fCG

50,104 h 312,06
BG G GdG GMdG
e AGLCG
QYCG
2 f
e AGLCG
dCG e AGLCG
FG
312,06
50,104
.cCGh dq dG dhG e qc fG
(dal) jqdH
(cl) dH
q
(hl)ddH
3 f
qdyH
54,01
(km) edH
(dam) jqdH
(m) H
dH
64,3
88 YJQG jh jdG H zjaEG{ L q b g dG q b YCG 4 f

.Ge 80 h Geg
edH JQEG Gd jq dG HdG YG

.H qK
73
Vjq dG IOq e dG
q q Gh dG dG
q q G q dG hG q j
.eJ qd
VjQ
eS
AU
q Y
eq dG
11,9
12,11
11,09
12,5
12,08
11,97
dG dG
q q G
13,09
14,3
14,02
14,12
13,48
13,5
IqOe dG
q qG
Vjq dG
5 f
.eq dG qjdG
q q G qjYJ qJQ (1
.Vjq dG IOq e jq dG
q q G jq YJ qJQ (2
.Vjq dG IOq e dG JJ YG (3
.dG dG
q q G M OhCG JJ YG (4
qEa jY jOd dG
q GAG c GPEG
.U AL cCG d qdG g gcCG
jAG f dG
q AG f d c GPEGh
g gcCG j M bQCG e OdG H jdG
cCG dG DhL qdG
5,01
3,3
HG qG MG
6,8
74
. q c jW jCH MG
0,5 + 123,93 + 14,5 + 0,07 (CG
3 + 5,6 + 2,5 + 0,4 + 21 (
7 f
FGG e q bCG e 20,5 q J gh f je 9,8 q fq dG jq QG q J

( 1994 qFMEG) .d e cCG e 4,11 h
.d qS OYh FGG qS OY MG
AC h BC jdG MG
q K SCG Sq dG M
8 f
12,005 + 288 + 0,095

0,125 + 0,075 + 10,1
(
(O
9 f
8,57
4,3
1,8
.SG OdG q dG e V q K SGq c Y fG

12,5 + .... + 3 = 19,25
.... - 6,4 = 12,5
f d MWh jq dG OGYCG L
dG
q OGYCG L q Y q UN
.MWh q qdG
J
203,2
7,4
75
10 f
hj jY jOY (CG
.NBG q G MG
hj jq G MCGh 31,6 hj jY jOY H dG (
.NBG q G MG
. J qdG dG
q q
H G Gg J g
.HGL qY ? 100 m dW
hj jq G MCGh
587,17
.CGh IGhe q c fG
253,1307 = 2,531307 x ....
253,1307 x 10 = .............
253,1307 x 10... = 253130700
253,1307 x 103 = .............
8,8 = 8 x ....
2,2 = 2 x ......
1,10 = 10 x ...
2 x ...... = 6,8
15,3 = 3 x ...
11 f
12,64 = 4 x ......
.SG Yd SGc 6 J jR OGQCG

. 1,25 m g MGdG q Sd TdG e eRqdG q dG
G K CG Y PEG SGdG d RqdG TdG K g e
? Qjq dH 8,420 hj TdG e MGdG
12 f
q Y g jq dG OGYCG V
q h q jJ
J
j SGbCG e eqdG
IG YGdG f EG
dG
q OGYCG Y
q qdG
: dqdG qdG e qc CG
(4,1 - 3) x 2,5
5,3 + 2 x 3,5
4,1 x (6,2 + 3,8) 15,25 - 13,2 x 0,1
eCG
1852 aj dG G -
.Ge
H e 1 aJ IdG .YdG
q
H Y jDhdG q ,IY 25 jq dG YS
.qjH
? YdG
q edH jq dG YS g e (CG
? H jDhdG OGeG ae g e (
3
76
: dq dG GAGG e qc MG
9,5 x 0,6
9,5 x 0,01
? MJ GPe .dM q c
9,5 x 2,5
9,5 x 1
9,5 OdH UG Qb
(q dH dG hO) z = { hCG z >{ hCG z < {`H CG

41,2 x 0,9 ......... 0,9
27,61 x 2,5 ... 27,61
0,5 x 31,6 x 2 .... 31,6
41,2 x 0,9 ..... 41,2
dqdG OGYCG H e dEG b bCG AGL qc cG qK qdG hG fG

.(q dH dG hO)
18
2,9 x 5,8
3500
84
0,1 x 8,4
101
0,8
25,68 x 3,8
35000
98 x 34,96
(HQCG q dG GP) SG dBG SG

.
g Ud aGG Qq dG : Me
MG (1
234,6 - 11,09 + 17,8
17,5 x 2,9 + 238,1
23,6 - 5,1 x 3 + 17,6
156,2 - 5,4 x (3,6 + 2,7)
6,4 OdG QXEG c . qe 6 bq d aGG gQq R SM dBG d (2
? 0,66 OdG qK
? 6,4 OdG QXEG c . qe Ud aGG gQq R SM dBG q (3
? 0,66 OdG q K
77
q q dG jq dG OGYCG -II
: j e M
bW
dG
dJ
G Md
jq L If ee
.q Vh q c eq G ed GJ YG (1
: dqdG G qjG IqdG q e b fqdG qVdG (2
z.Le IQGM LQO H e Nh dS IQGM LQO H e K{
.Sj CG q K q dG hG fG - CG
qG dG
(-) eH aG jdG
OGYCG
q
.dS OGYCG J
q
(+) eH aG jdG
OGYCG
q
.Le OGYCG J
q eY hH hCG
LGh ddG
OGYCG
q jdG
q
.f
jY
OGYCG J
q
q
q
jG
dS IQGM LQO
Le IQGM LQO
78
ddG
q MdG g 0 OdG
MGh BG LGh
IQGG LQO b EG q dH MJ GPe -

? bW j aGG
Gq dG Y g fJh dJ e q H IQGG LQO -
.He LQq dG Jg qCG f + 3. h - 3
.He jq Y jOd eCG YG
-5
He
He
-5
zSS{ LQH IQGM Se

Y q j qdG H CGh q dG hG fG (1
.d aGG IQGG LQH hCG SH Fq dG ie
B
-10
jQd UCG
18
G
3
FdG ie
IQGG LQO
f QYH LQq e e SQG (

1 cm JMhh
dG P h Lh Kh J h I q dG Qq G G Y q Y
1 h -3 h 4,5 h -2 h 3 : GdG Y q
.Qq G G Y qG OGYCG jYJ qJQ (
79
2 f
J
.SG fG ddG OGYCG e OY c cGh hG fG
-1,6
0,75
-6
5,8
34
-2006
-10
33,5
-0,55
Le OY
dS OY
. LQq e e SCG SdG q

? B h A dG e q c Ua g e (CG
GdG Y JUa qdG Gh Fh E qdG qY K SGq c Y Sq dG fG (
. -0,5 h 4 h -3,5
.VjdG IOe eJ N Y
dG OGYCG dG hG q 3 f
q
5
14
16
10
12
f jY GOY b h a
a He qEa b e UCG a c GPEG
b He e cCG j
CG
-a > -b PEG a < b
q dG bQ
20
e OdG
Y hH IOQGdG eG jf
: dG G ah f SGH SCG dG
Y
dG 14 OdyH ae D dG
q
: ddG HdH dP EG ef . 4 bQ qdG
D ( 4 ; 14 )
q dG bQ
20 e OdG
80
.hH IOQGdG FdG H dG D h C h B h A dG qY qK dG fG (CG

.Sj CGh dG hG fG (
E (..... ; .....)
D (4 ; 14)
C (..... ; .....)
B (..... ; .....)
A (..... ; .....)
dG Geeh LQq e e 2 h 1 M SCG SdG M
q dG Gg q j
iG J
jY jOd LhR q G dG e f q c q HdG dG c

,f
.dG Ua q jh 1 aCG QG Y hCq G OdG CGj .dG JJ q jh 2 OdG QG Y dG OdG CGj KGMEG hR
: e
A (-1 ; 2)
A q dG Ua
81
A q dG JJ
.Sj CGh dG hG fG (CG

F
L (-0,4 ;-12) h K (1 ; -2) h H (-2 ;1) h G (0,2 ; 0,8)
qdG
(-1 ; 2)
JKGMEG
qdG q Yh Sq dG fG (
c Od G HdG -III
q d aOh dG H c K Q TG
? MGdG dG K g e
1 f
JYb Wh 330 cm Me qCG Y GPEG VCG RGe JQG L

.12 cm JQEG dd aGG
2 f
db G FY OGaCG e MCG SJ Oe H MG S
. hq dH qWe
RdG qCG Y GPEG U b g GdH Oa q c e c CG g (1
? eGZ 820 g qWG dd G
? GdH MGh c e c Y q j dG OdG g e (2
3 f
.e
1800
: j e qeCJ
ddG dG
3x
= 82
= 82 : 3
82
=
3
fdG dG
8x
= 22
= 22 : 8
22
=
8
4 f
hG dG
2x
= 30
= 30 : 2
30
=
2
82
? Y OH VJ
q G dG G e dM CG (1
? dG g Y q j G dG OdG jCGQ M g e GkPEG (2
: ddG TCG e T q c fG
q MG Y c OH Y
5 f
qW U GOY a c GPEG
d W
U GOY b h
q
G QG qEa d
q
a dG OdG g bY d
a
b
dG j
q b h G j
q a
Sj ZGdG CG q K SGq c Y fG
U GOY a d
b h W
q
d
U GOY
q d W
q
GPEG qdG OdG g a dG OdG
b b HV
aOdG Y f
q
a x b = a CG
22 x 8 = ........
8
30 x 2 = ........
2
11 x 5 = ........
5
82 x 3 = ........
3
6 f
SG OdH cCG K SGq c Y fG (CG

.dM q c
7 f
11 x ..... = 11
7
.HQCG Y a KCG HQCH Hf dG dG OdG g e (
8 x ..... = 8
13 x ..... = 1
dG qCG e db HG Sq dG Me Y
AB dG{ dh bh AE dG HQ g AB
.z AE dG 2 g
8
.HGL qY ? CGdG WJ a
8 f
HG Sq dG f
dG
q dG Od Hc YCG
Me EG qdH fG
q MG
ABCD G
? MJ GPe
9 f
83
OdG f eeh H HV GPEG c Od Hc Y f

q
.d e Sb Y eeh H b GPEG hCG d dG

G
Ea n 0 h b 0 M W U GOGYG n h b h a c GPEG
a
axn
bxn
Ea d ce Sb n h b 0 M W U jOY b h a c GPEG
a
b
GOGYCG d h c h b h a c GPEG
b 0 M q W U
Ea d 0 h
c
a x d = c x b j a =
b
a:n
b:n
Qb q K 13 = 39 qCG q H (CG
5
15
( q dH dG hO ) 39 x 5 h
H K 26 x 187 h 34 x 143 Qb (
26
h 143
13 x 15
10 f
187
34
J
.SG OdH IGhe q c cCG K SGq c Y fG
2 = ....
6
... = 38
27
13 = ....
15
5
54
.jq c jOY H IGhe SG q K 12 x 35 h 21 x 20 Qb (CG

....
.... Se jOH G K SGc Y fG (
=
q
12
21
. 84 h 165 Qb (
110
56
.HGL qe Nq dG OdG dM q c cPG

27
45
20
35
30
50
3
5
(CG
15
5
12
4
3
1
4
2
84
: dq dG jq dG OGYCG q M bCG EG NG
W U jOY b h a d
q dhCq G b h a c GPEG . b 0 M
Hc g a qCG f H a
b
.q M bCG EG I
68
112
2400
2800
.qdG e SG OGYCG cG (1
3
5
j q Y OY q c
ee q c OY T
10 `d Ib
q
...
10
14
25
11 f
...
....
=
100
1000
3
125
....
1000
...
100
....
1000
gcPG ,jY OGYCG LJ dq dG jdG OGYCG H e (2

1
7
17
;
125
1
3
.jq Y
435
232
13
20
5
2
dG OdG qCG q H (3
GPEG jY
dG OdG j
q
iMEG d
q hCq G SGdG fc
. 5 hCG 2g qjdG JHc
.hCq G dG
q
q Ge cCGh qdG hG fG
Y c OY d
jY Hc
CG
Ua GP Hc
43
5
100
5+
5+
43
100
43
100
jCG j
OdyG
43
100
5,43
2,35
7+
85
25
33
;
6
110
3 1
10
38
1000
GMh 5
FG e AL 43 h
12 f
jq c OGYCG fQe -IV

5
4
S c AGT g
1 f
fG ddG OGYCG e qc V q K SGc Y SCG hG fCG

.H SG
2 f
.HGL qY ? dG G
19
19
GOY b h q W U GOY a c GPEG

qEa d
q d q W U
a > 1 j
a>b
b
a
b
a
b
<1
a<b
=1
a=b
21 ; 19
17 ; 21
;
17
23
19
17
17
101 ; 15
19
;
;
19
100
13
23
1 e UCG 1`d he 1 e cCG
.dM q c jdG jOdG Qb

23 h 16 (CG
3189 h 1178 (
53
53
29
3 f
29
G qjc GOY qJG GPEG

H cCG d c e gcCa
CG
a > c j a > c
b
dG jq c GOY qJEG GPEG

e UCG d c e gcCa
a > a j b < d
b
9
11
.dM qc jdG jOdG Qb

43 h 43 (CG
h 0,9 (
47
4 f
91
86
MCG a LGQq H CGh MCG HJ

CG b H YS K aG
M qJQ .YdG
q SNCG HQCG
.bJ
jc jOY fQ
dGh G
Jh ee MJ
jc jOY fQe IYb
.G f d
5 f
q H ae j
21
23
9 Y 1309
`dh
28
h 19
Qb (CG
17
2590 `d jq bEG dG SG (
1309 h 2590 H fQe SGh

9
28
1 e UCG g 21 OdG H 1
23
19
17
e cCG g
19 > 21
23
17
1309
9
145 4
9
q G
OdG (CG
PEG f
d (
OdG
1309 = 145 x 9 + 4
2590 = 92 x 28 + 14
jCG
PEG
2590 = 92 + 14
28
28
2590 h 145 g dG DhL 1309 PEG
9
28
2590 > 1309 : dHh
q
28
9
1309 = 145 + 4
9
9
92
g dG DhL
J
.dM q c jq dG jOdG Qb
87
27
55
14
35
23
25
31
23
(CG
359
38
382
57
(O
28
34
14
15
: dq dG jq dG OGYCG q dRJ qJQ

5 , 0,4 , 3 ,
2
7
0,935
0,5
11 , 3,05 , 11
7
3
367,5
12,25
57,24
0,09
MG
.dH dG hO gcPG ,ddG MG H e 2305,4 dG f LJ
461,08
10
0,5
0,1
(`g)
(O)
()
()
(CG)
jq dG OGYCG Y q dG -V
MWh j
q dG OGYCG L -1
g c je Me EG J
q G e H FM d
.SdG e
1 f
d jc jOY
d c OY g G f
Hh G f
CG dG
a + b = a+b
c
c
c
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J K G MG 3 J j FG J E{ Ra b
5
.HGL qY ? aGJ g zN
jc jOY aG eS b SQG EG g d 2 f
M
N
q f G
o aG h G H UdG
M IYb q fh ee .YdG
q oK I aG cQ K YdG
q (1)
5
d jc jOY
H
eS
b
dG
bdG
Y
dH
g
e
q
q
.G f
? aG bj qfCG Y SQGh G
88
q H ae j
.jW jCH MG
5
23
+ 7
4
3147 + 45300
3
19
2
(CG
+ 125
q G
19 + 125 = 9,5 + 125 = 134,5
2
3147 + 45300 = 1049 + 45300 = 46349
3
.jOd UCG G G PEG H a q dhCq G GOY 23 h

23 x 4
7
4
7 x 23
4 x 23
= 161
92
5 +
23
7
4
5 =
23
.dG HQ M bh hCG Me .e Y H M jf
.K M bh dK Me h N M bh fK Me h
dG q dG dG OdG jW e cCH MG (CG
jq dG OGYCG L
.M bh qdG
q jJ q Y g
dG Y G e dG MGG g qe g (
qh
? G
89
5
23
5 x 4 = 20
92
23 x 4
7 = 20 + 161
= 181
92
4
92
92
(CG
eh
3 f
SGbCG e eqdG
YGdG f EG j
GQY M q G
q W U OGYCG H
: dq dG eG MCG
(5+
2
5
1
7
4 + ( 3 + 3 ) 12
+
7
5
7
5
d jc jOY H dG
d c OY g G f
H dG Hh G f
CG dG
2
5
6
5
(CG
0,29 + 5 + 2,71
4
(O
e H De
q d 25 S SCc
.d 3 S IQhQb
4
? IQhQdG qG dG qc g e
4 f
a
b =a-b
c
c
c
MG
jc jOY H dG
qMf G
M IYb qfh ee
d jc jOY H dG
.G f
3 - 2
3
4
(CG
1305 - 0,5 (
2500
11 - 9 (
32 192
fK Me fCGh SS hCG Me fCG G e e Wd

e Wd qJ e dG dG OdG jH L .K
.e
.jW jCH MG
15 - ( 3 - 2 ) (CG
9,2 - ( 4,7 + 3 ) (
11 - 9
3
191
2
5 - 9
6 191
5 f
(O
4
3 + 1 )4
5
3
4
1 + 1)
4
2
6 f
7 f
.SQe ed jdG
q HdG f dq dG G 8 f
80%
Gqj jqdG edG f
1
8
IMGh M
q Y Gq J jqdG edG f
90
.M e cCG Y GJ jdG edG f dG dG OdG L
j
q dG OGYCG V - 2
9 f
: dq dG HdG cCG q K fG
...
5 + 5
+ 5 = 3 x ..... =
12
12 12 12
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = ..... x 3 = ...
5
5
5
5
5
5
10 f
Sq dG M
GOGYCG c h b h a c GPEG
b 0 M q W U
qEa
cx a = cxa
b
b
.HGL qY .G MG EG q dH AGG MG q dG dG OdG L (CG

? q G MG EG q dH dJdG MG dG dG OdG g e (
q dH AbQdGh AGdGh dJdG MG dG dG OdG g e (
.HGL qY ? qG MG EG
W jOY b h a c GPEG
qEa b 0 M
ax 1 = a
b
b
0x a =0h 1x a = a
b
b
b
J
: ddG GAGG MG
1 x 2002
1000
36 x 1
9
0 x 572
4008
1 x 32
65
.eY q d jq dG HdG Ge dq dG GAGG MG

3 x 21
10
91
7 x 1
2
5
11 f
11 x 9
10 10
? J GPe .c OY T f q c cG
: q dG Sq dG eq CJ
1m
1m
q jqdG jq dG jOdG H L (CG

BC h DC jdG
ABCD G Me Hq G H MG (
ABCD Me dG dG OdG L (
? MJ GPe .qHG Me EG dH
12 f
c OY g jc jOY AGL
jdG H AGL H
.ee AGL eeh jdG
CG
a
c
axc
x
=
b
d bxd
x J
125 x 4 h 4 x 3 h 2 x 3 : ddG GAGG MG (CG
q
55
2
8
5
2
9
10 h 15 dq dG jOdG e OY
q c eY AGL U cCG (
14
6
dqdG GAGG qgP MG
0 x 2002
25633 2001
1256 x 13
1256 26
0 x 29
35
4 x 5
4
5
N N
q 28740 m Me Ad U VQCG qjQqY dch Cqg
.AGG Wd bdG MG SSh b qd MG
dH AGG Wd G
MG q qdG
q
q dG OdG Y HG (CG
.G MG EG
.AGG Wd G
MG MG (
q
.1995 h 1990 H UdG IdG N bMCG jRGdG HZ e 3%
.bMCG qdG MG f q qdG
q dG OdG Y HG (CG
127700 m fc HdG d q G MG CG Y GPEG (
.G MG HQ MG
2
92
1225 x 4
1225
12
17
55663
x
55663
17
9 x 15
23
11
a
b
a
x
=
b
d
d
2 x 7
5
3
15 x 9
11
23
5 x 3,2
8
1 x
4
13 f
.dM qc Qbh MG
qEa jc jOY b h a c GPEG
(CG
3,2 x 5
8
7
3
1 x 2
5
4
q gP MG
4 e IMGh c S IQhQb 140 Vhh GY LJ iTG (CG 14 f

5
9
? M
IQhQb q c
q U qfCG Y Lq dG gGTG dG dG q c g e
10
.d 9 e IMGh c S IQhQb 140 Vhh GY NBG LJ iTG (
10
? M 4 IQhQb qc qU qfCG Y LqdG gGTG dG dG q c g e
5
q Y g jq dG OGYCG V
CG q h q jJ
a
c
c
a
x
=
x
b
d
d
b
h
(
a x c
b
d
)x
e = a x( c x e
d
f
f
b
J
jW jCH MG
350 753
2 , 13 x 12 x 11
250
, 15 x 7 x 6 , 0,25 x 4 x
x
x
200 250
5
13
5
5
6
753
5
4
.oK icP NCG SGh 2 QSG e SG ,b 15 H iM Y

5
.jNCG b e G dG OY jH MG
93
15 f
YS
16 f
3
4
H bJ .YdG
q ec 80 YS q h JQq H MCG qJ (CG
.YS f Iq e YdG
q q e H jW UGh q K jdH Oh
q q d
.MCG b dG aG L
dG aG L .MCG YS 4 hJ YH h JQq H L qJ (
5
q e H jW UGh q K YS 3 H bJ fCG Y L b
4
.YS f Iq e YdG
q
Yq jRJ q Y g jq dG OGYCG V
qdGh G
a
b
] [
] [
c e = a x c + a x e
+
b f
d
b
d f
a
c e = a x c - a x e
x
b f
d
b
b
d f
J
MG
17 x 5 - 17 x 1
3 4
3 4
] [
4
7 + 21
x
7
16 5
(CG
MG
( 1 + 1 ) x (2 + 1 )
4
3
2
5 (4 + 2 )
3
x
+
5
4
2
3+ 1 x0+4=4
2
3 + 1 x 2 + 1 63
=
4 16
4
10
(CG
.U IGhG J H SG G SGbCG V
j SGbCG e eq dG
IG YGdG f EG
OGYCG H GQY M
q W U
11
(CG
(
94
(C) d efh jFG LQdH fOH IQGG LQO SJ 12

(F) d efh jfdG LQH Sa fjH e
q CG
5
9
VGh 32 WG jFe LQO EG jfa LQO j jJ eY

32 VCG qK 9 VG jfa LQO EG jFe LQO j jJ eY
5
.H b dG dG Hc e J Gh dG hG fG
.
F
68
C
0
100
W U OY e
OdG g d
q d
1 `H d ej qdG dG
d
d x 1 = 1 M
34
12 x 1 h 2 x 1
2
12
MG (CG
f qc e V qK SGq c Y fG (
.SG OdG
17 f
1114 x = 1
6 x =1
515 x = 1
? YS N ( 1 ) N YdH g e (
5
MG
18 f
e V q K SGq c Y fG
.Se GOY dG
19 f
0,2 x 5
U jOYb h a c GPEG
qEa b 0 h a 0 M
dG dG OdG e
b dG OdG g a d
q
a
b PEG d
a x b
=1
b a
95
34
1
a
b
`H
a
b
b
1
a = a
b
x 3 =1
4
13 x 5
5
13
2 x =1
5
? YS fCG KK K YdH
q g e
ef
20 f
J
: dq dG OGYCG e OY q c e L
1
5
0,25 ;
21,6 ;
110
.Se GOY q dG e V q K SGq c Y fG

x 1,005 = 1
12,5 x = 1
110 x
111
. qdG adG
q OdG e
a
:d= b = a x 1
b
b
d
d
5
6
3
5
1
2
2
3
:5=
:3=
:2=
:6=
5
6
3
5
1
2
2
3
q dHh
qdHh
q dHh
q dHh
14
=1
.Se W U GOY f q c e V q K dq dG G fG (CG

OY Y a c OY b
b
d
q d d W U
dG OdG V EG hDJ
13
21 f
1
6
1
= x
5
1
= x
4
1
= x
9
= x
.dM q c q dG f Qb (
3 x 1
5
3
2 x 1
3
6
h
h
5 x 1
6
5
1 x 1
2
2
3 :3
;
5
2 :6
;
3
h
h
5 :5
6
1 :2
2
J
22
330
22
29 : 4
;
116
12 : 2
33
1
7
5
j e NGh MG
15
dq dG MG e qc c OY T cG 16
.tdG HQo (CG

.SCG KdG SSo (
Oj
1
4
0,5
`H c OY V
2 Y b EG
h 1 `d jdG HdG YCG (CG 17

2
: dq dG GAGG M SG (
2 x 0,5
3
72 x 0,5
14 x 0,5
96
Oj
0,25
`H c OY V
4 Y b EG
44 x 0,25
28 x 0,25
5
22 f
.jdG HdG Ge ddG OGYCG MG (CG

5
7
:
4
2
11
2
:
3
100
10
9
27
:
2
10
.c OY T f q c cCG (
23 f
.dM qc qdG f Qb (CG
4
7
x
5
2
5
7
:
4
2
c OY Y a c OY b
b
OdG V EG hDJ c d d
d
c dG OdG e
a dG
d
2
27
x
9
10
100
2
x
3
11
10
9
27
:
2
10
11
2
:
3
100
10
? MJ GPe (
b
a
b
a
c
a
d
:
x
=
=
c
b
d
b
c
d
J
NGh MG (CG
2
5
1
6
3
4
3
4
4
2
3
.dM qc qdG f Qb (
1
2
5
97
1
2
5
2
3
4
2
3
4
18
qq dG - jFe f ` q jJ b -VI
: dq dG OGYCG e q d OMBH q jJ b YCG (CG 1 f
21,74 h
0,5 h 3,478 h 6,095 h 0,985
: dq dG OGYCG e q d QYCG e AGLCH q jJ b YCG (
25,478 h 8,72 h 0,409 h 87,351
.aG d Qjq dH q jJ b YCGh SCG IQJdG eq CJ
bQ f Y Od OMBH q jJ b jd
GdG e AGLCG q qdG
dG qEa jhj hCG 5 e cCG bqdG Gg c GPEG 1e dG
q FL g Od OMBH qjqdG
42,82 Od OMBH q jq dG dG : e
43 g
dG qEa 5 e UCG bqdG Gg c GPEG dG
q DhL g Od OMBH qjqdG
142 g 142,28 Od OMBH qjqdG dG : e
2 f
Societe Tuniso Lybienne

4, rue du four - Cit Les Jardins - 2003 PARIS
SGq c 0,750
c 4,950
b 1,050
12,560
G ...........
4, rue du four - Cit Les Jardins - 2003 PARIS 4, rue du four - Cit Les Jardins - 2003 PARIS4, rue du four - Cit Les Jardins - 2003 PARIS ns - 2003 PARIS
4, rue du four - Cit Les Jardins - 2003 PARIS 4, rue du fou
26
3
82
22
10
10
10
1
q H ae j
82
3
.dG Od OMBH q jJ b L (CG

dG Od UdG H bH jJ b L (
3
.jY GOY
27,333...
82
3
q G
dG OdG (CG
OMBH q jdG dG g 27 OdG PEG
g UdG Y bQ hCq G CG Mf
82 dG Od
3
98
26
20
20
20
20
.qjY GOY 26
q dG OdG (
3
8,666...
H bH jdG dG g 8,7 OdG PEG
g UdG Y bQ K CG Mf
26 dG Od UdG
3
J
3,524
h 31 jOdG e q d UdG H bH K OMBH jJ b YG
q H ae j
.qT Qh Y qdG jQqdG fG
dG J Ua OdG Gg jh QG G e IMh f c OY c
O dG Ua g 0 OdG : e
I dG Ua g 1 OdG
? K h J qdG Ua GqdG Y dG qjdG OGYCG g e (CG
J hI H LJ f Ua qh 3 ee jq c GOY YCG (
. 13 dG OdG Ua dG M dG f (
11
.UdG H bQC
G KK jZ EG 11 Y 13 b q Y CG .M q dG H LJ H h L f Sq dG Y q Y I q dG Y LJ f Ua h 8 ee jq c GOY YCG (O
99
q G
. 1 g J q dG Ua qdG dG OdG (CG
qdG q dG PEG
1
2
e cCG gh
2
13
. g K q dG Ua qdG dG OdG
10
1 e UCG g 2 dG OdG qCG f (
3
J h I H LJ 2 Ua
3
(
13
20
90
20
90
11
1,181...
qG L qdG Y LJ 13 dG OdG q dG qdG ,q G jQqdG M

11
H q dG Qj Yh 11
10
dG Od qG
dG OdG g dG 1,1dG Od
.
OGYCG Iq Y
12
10
dG OdG g dG 1,2
e cCG qfCG dP j I Y LJ f Sq dG Y q j OY (O
...... 11 , 10 , 9 H e dG
q Gg q 8 ee jq c
8
.SCG Qq G G f T bQh Y fG (CG
? Qq G G f Y A q dG Ua dG dG OdG g e (
Y JUa dG E h D h C h B q dG G f Y q Y (
. 2,4 h 23 h 2 h 6 Gq dG
10
q dG H LJ
q dG qCG g ,
7
3
5
dG Od qG q dG Fd (O
.HGL qY ? E h D
100
(HQCG dG
q GP) SG dBG SG
455555
355555
85927
71113
98765
87654
d qjqdG dG OYH dqdG OGYCG qJQ (1
59875
55648
4721
2006
213
53
: dqdG OGYCG e OY qd qjJ b YG (2

OMBH (CG
UdG H bH (
UdG H bH (
UdG H bQCG KH (O
h A AGLCG HQCG EG VQCG d J SCG Sq dG q
: j c Mqa HQCG Y HQCG AGLCG YRq h

HGqdG e
dqdG e
dG q H
dG e 28
100
qdG e
dG (Y)
hCq G e
2
10
dG HQo
.jq Fe f U qa qc e cG (CG
d q G MG qCG Y GPEG qa q c e Me Hq G H MG (
4810 m hJ VQCG
2
101
q H ae j
jq FG q dG qCG FdG YCGh GQjO 5,340 Y c YH jM iTG
22,5% g YdG J Y qXG (T.V.A) aG dG Y AGOCd
(PTTC) Yd Fq dG qdG Qjq dH MG
q G
`d eQ g T.V.A
zaG dG Y AGOCG{
: hCG jW
g Qjq dH aG dG Y AGOCG QGe
Taxe sur la valeur Ajout
T.V.A = 5,340 x 22,50% = 5,340 x 0,225 1,202
g Qjq dH Yd Fq dG qdG PEG
`d eQ g P.T.T.C
zAGOCG MH qdG{
PTTC 5,340 + 1,202 = 6,542
Prix Toute Taxe Comprise
`d eQ g P.H.T
zAGOCG hH qdG{
: fK jW
g Qjq dH Yd Fq dG qdG
PTTC = 5,340 + 0,225 x 5,340 = 5,340 x (1 + 0,225)
= 5,340 x 1,225 6,542
Prix Hors Taxe
J
18%
g aG dG Y AGOCG f qCGh Y CGh q dG hG fG
PTTC Fq dG qdG
Qjq dH
TVA aG dG Y AGOCG PHT AGOCG hH qdG
Qjq dH
Qjq dH
7906
14350
hCG QNG
qdG QNG
Ge TVA aG dG Y AGOCG MG (CG

(Qjq dG g IMdG) YdG fH G
dG Y AGOCd jq FG q dG SG (
.aG
102
M qjOGYEG SQe eJ jRJ SCG FMEG hG q

1000 g SQH ed G OdG qCG Y cCGh fG ,jG
SJ S
eK S
HS S
250
35%
iG
eq dG OY
edG e jq FG q dG
qfqdG OdG Me qCG f

SCG FGq dG qH q G G M
: MG q K
.qG VGQCG Me (CG
.QdG VGQCG Me (
.qHdG VGQCG Me (
YGd G
VGQCG Me (O
q
162,155 km2
8%
9%
36%
47%
qe VGQCG
q HZ VGQCG
TGMCGh YGd q VGQCG
QH VGQCG
.TGMCGh
q fq dG OdH q MdG VGQCG jRJ

(MdG IQGRh QG)
.F J SCG dG q
qdG Y 1 cm qCG f
G dG Y 100 cm aGj
q e qdG qCG jCG a Fd
1 qdG ah
100
.Fd q G OHCG H MG
103
: jN cQ dq dG G LJ
Sq dG
VJ
1 cm
qdG
aGj q dG Y U 1
VQCG Y U 1000000
10 km
1
1000000
: SG dH CGh SCG hG fG
2,5
10
5100
10
jG Y OHCG
dH
q
H qG OHCG
V W VCG je qe qfCG d jq IQU N e q J

IQdG
q Y 1 cm qCG Y GPEG qG d G qdG g e 2 cm
.d
q G Sq dG Y 0,01 mm q jq G
ah h dG j
He e qS
104
q e
OdG .d
q d qW U GOY b h qW U GOY a d
a b = a CG a OdG Y f b HV GPEG qdG OdG g a dG
q
x
b
b
OdG f eeh H HV GPEG c Od Hc Y f
q
.d
q dG
CG
qEa n 0 h b 0 M q W U OGYCG n h b h a c GPEG
a
=
b
axn
bxn
Sb Y eeh H b GPEG c Od Hc Y f
q
Sb n h b 0M W U jOY b h a c GPEG CG ,d e
a
=
b
a:n
b:n
qEa d ce
d 0 hb 0 M q W U GOGYCG d h c h b h a c GPEG
a
c qEa
a x d = c x b j
=
b
d
jq dG JHc iMEG q dhCq G SGdG fc GPEG jq Y dG OdG j

5 hCG 2
qEa d
q d q W U GOY b h q W U GOY a c GPEG
a > 1 j a > b
b
a < 1 j a < b
b
a = 1 j a = b
b
CG ,H cCG d c e gcCa G jc GOY qJG GPEG

a
c j a > c
>
b
CG ,e UCG d c e gcCa dG jc GOY qJG GPEG

a
a j b > d
>
d
Jh ee MJ dGh G jc jOY fQ
.G f d jc jOY fQe IYb
105
q e
Hh G f d c OY g G f d jc jOY
a+b
a + b
dG
= c
c
c
M IYb qfh ee qMf G
jc jOY
.G f d jc jOY
H dG Hh G f d c OY g G f d jc jOY H dG
a
.dG
- b = a-b
c
M IYb qfh ee qMJ G jc jOY H dG

.G f d jc jOY H dG
c x a = c x a qEa b 0 M q W U GOGYCG c h b h a c GPEG
b
a x 1 = a qEa d
q d q W U GOY b h q W U GOY a c GPEG
b
b
ee AGL eeh jdG jOdG H AGL H c OY g jc jOY AGL

CG
axc
a x c
b
bxd
CG qh qjJ qY g qjdG OGYCG V

( a x c ) x e = a x(c x e ) h a x c = c x a
f
f
b d
b d
d b
d
b
CG qdGh G Y qjRJ qY qjdG OGYCG V
a
x
b
a
x
b
] [
] [
c + e
f
d
a
c
a
e
x
+
x
b
d
b
f
c - e
f
d
a
c
a
e
x
x
b
d
b
f
d x 1 = 1 M 1 `H d ej qdG
q dG OdG g d
q d d q W U OY e
d
d
d
q dG dG OdG e qEa b 0h a 0M U jOY b h a c GPEG
a x b = 1 PEG d b dG OdG g a
a
b
b a
dG OdG V EG hDJ d d dW U OY Y a c OY b
a
b
dG OdG V
b
a
a :d= b
a
q OdG e
=
x 1 . qdG dG
b
d
b
d
EG hDJ c d d c OY Y a c OY b
b
d a
c dG
OdG e
a
b
a
d
c
d
:
x
=
=
c
b
c
b d
d
106
`` ` ` jQ`` ` ` `
Qq JCG
.H qc H HQG 5
jq dG OGYCG - jq dG OGYCG
30,695
112,96
113,265
126,135
30,011
9325,604
8,76 + 104,2
8,76 + 21,935
21,935 + 104,2
OdG f
: dq dG MG H e dG
q MG cPG
BG bQ g 6 (CG
GdG bQ g 2 (
jW jCH MG (CG 6
FG e AGLCG bQ g 0 (
(30,15 + 13,06) - (30 + 13,06)
QYCG bQ g 2 (O
(871,01 - 293,005) - (823,4 -293,005)
.dCG e AGLCG bQ g 4 (
. jH MG (
19,35 - (13,15 + 2,2)
5 g dG
q DhL qdG dG OdG L 2
(32,708 - 10,05) + (68,2 + 18,05)
q Hh 3 g a dCG e AGLCG bQh
.QUCG g fJ
: dq dG GAGG MG 7
q qdG bQCG
13,05 x 180,4
: q dG Qq G G f 3
7,02 x 38,5
102 x 1830,6
17,4 x 53,52
dq dG jAGG f
435 x 275 = 119625
623 x 1002 = 624246
HdG
q q dH SG
: dq dG GAGG OjE
275 x 4,35
0,623 x 0,1002
1,002 x 6,23
43,5 x 2750
2,75 x 43,5
62,3 x 1,002
Y q GqdG jq dG GOdG g e (CG

? B h A q dG Gq dG
qdG K h J q dG G Y q Y (
2,9 h 0,6 jOdG q
.jq YJ JJ dq dG OGYCG qJQ (1

5,51
550
100
5,49
505
100
.qdRJ JJ dqdG OGYCG qJQ (2

3090
1000
107
359
100
3,60 3,06
h A q dG e q c Ua cG (CG 13
Dh C h
gUa qdG J h I q dG q Y (
-2,5 h 1,5 Gq dG Y
.iG q dG q dG M 14
: dq dG GAGG MG
500 x 12400000
3
10
2
10 x 3.2 x 0,01
9
2,5 x 80 x 10 x 0,00001
4
2,001 x 300 x 10
.Sj CGh SCG hG fG 10

0
-5,1
4
- 3,6
OdG
He
q dG jq dG OGYCG jq YJ qJQ (CG 11

: dq dG
ABC qG ShDhQ KGMEG cG (CG
A'B'C'
qG SQG q K q dG q dG fG (
- 4 ; 5,6 ; -4,7 ; 0,9 ; -1

1,9 ; 0 ; -5 ; 20 ; - 18
.JGq dG Q EG q dH ABC Xe OGYCG HdG

q YG e Oq M (
.qqdG dG
A'B'C' qG ShDhQ KGMEG cG (
q
UdG f d qdG q dG cPG (O e OY q c cGh q dG q dG fG (
.SG QWEG YG g
.JdG f d qdG qdG cPG (
HQCG Dh b UCGh O TQ S J 15
.dG e jd hq dH
.MGh q c Y M e qdH g e
qY qK [AB] e b SQG 16
LG OGYCG ddG
q OGYCG
[AB] e I qdG
[AI] e K qdGh
: q dG Qq G G fG 12
AI dG q qdG
q dG OdG g e (CG
? ABEG qdH
AK dG q qdG
q dG OdG g e (
? AB EG qdH
AK dG
q qdG
q dG OdG g e (
? BK EG q dH
108
q dG hCG
q dG O dG IFGH MCG 17
e dM q c jdG jOdG Qb 24 c G AG q qdG jFG
q
q
q
: dq dG G
.dM
4
3
70
16
12256
32222
2002
3003
h 32
8
(CG
(
(
: dqdG eG MG 25
+ 3
5
1
9
+ 2
9
(CG
9 + 2,1
;
2
9 + 12
;
15
5
3
4
+ 1
2
14 + 60
;
28
40
4 + 13
11 + 3
;
12
21
18
16
5 + 0,3
;
10
9
8
5
8
3
8
3
5
1
2
40%
1
4
50%
(1)
(2)
1
3
(3)
.Sj G q K SGq c Y fG 18
3,5 = ...
18
93 = 31
...
96
... = 130
104
18
h 4 e q d jq c Hc YCG 19
7
Oq M ,dG g dG IMh 26 Od jq dG HdG e j H
5 h 31 h 17 .OHCG e
.qdG Od jq dG HdG d jhe hCq G
9
5
10
.YdG
q e AGLCc dq dG bhCG cG (1 27
O 10
O 15
O 20
O 35 q qdG dG OdG L (2
.YdG
q e Ac
: eq G jq dG OGYCG q gP NG 20
25 ,
100
4200 ,
5100
15 , 14 , 18 , 16
40
9
21
20
750 , 28 , 26 , 63
36
39
250 42
: eq G jq dG OGYCG NG 21
625
1650 294 180 999 180
EG dNG q K dq dG eG MG 28 936 1050 105 111 126 500

.q M bCG
cPGh eq G qjdG OGYCG NG 22
3 + 7 + 4 (CG
.e jdG
2
8 +( 5 + 1 )
15
6
15
109
451
44
270
240
170
90
63
36
OGYCG e q d dG
q AG L 23
.jq YJ qJQ q K dq dG jq dG
29
13
512
100
109
98
13
3
: dq dG GAGG MG
32
13
x
26
8
5
14
x
21
15
5 x 65
13
21
54
x
18
35
7
2
32
5
12
8
+
5
9
4
4 + 4
21
3
9
0,72 + 10 (
0,46 + 5 + 3 + 8,54
7
4
8
34
x 5 x
12
25
17
15
9
x 42 x
8
7
27
5
3
35000
x 18000
2700
700000
15
125
=
16
48
29
qCG qM
.jW jCH PEG CG

dq dG GAGG MG
125 - 15 = .........
16
48
33
31,5 x 8
15
8
x 0,93
3
0 x 35,07 x 83
91
3
8 x 3,5 15 x 1
x
2
10
4
3
125 48
,
21,4 x 3
4
75
x 0,66 ,
24
5 = .........
3
(CG
(
30
.q M bCG EG NG qK MG
14 - 4
20 - 17
;
21
49
21
35
(CG
22 - 25
42
35
2.72 -
e qc
q c OY U cG 34
: dq dG OGYCG
(CG
20 7
24
8
7
8
11
10
35 13
35
4
.jW jCH MG
(
(
(O
7
17 - 5
;
25
24
48
21 - 3,51 ;
14
( 51
34
(450
380
31 )
592
31
1 + 31 )
592
2
135 )
109 - 135 )
-(
5972
5972
76
110
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dq dG OGYCG H e 423509
37
.jW jCH MG
] [
] [
1
6
13 26
7
x
+
21 35
3
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1
27
x 25 54
25
1000002 x 7
2
.q dG REG hO gcPG
75000
6900
700000
600000
65000
70000
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dq dG OGYCG H e 392740
x 9
10
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32000
400000
3600
280000
390000
300000
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q c OYh U OY
1 e UCG
563
325
432
37
351
629
62,05
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17
360 x 17
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9
540
9
.dq dG OGYCG e OY q c e L (1 36
3,2
Od GM dM qc SG (2
. 1 jH q dG
4,5
2
2
1
1
3
8
7
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q c
qXhCG
q d YS 9 EG ej MCG j
39
q
Vjq d YSh d YS 8 h
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Y q J qdG jq dG OGYCG cG (1
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q q c
EG ``MCG j MCG j (2
YS Vjq d jq OdG G
q
d
YS 6 jh
q
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q
q qdG dG OdG PEG g e (CG
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111
1
618 x 13 618
x
135
12 135 12
35
13
4
5
26
15
39
8- 9
4
2,3 + 0,2
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3,9
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(O
14
5
3,5
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6 + 14
5
3+
3,5
G
q qdG dG OdG g e (
q
? MCG j FdG hDd G
q
d U 1 jH GM LhCG (CG
.q G JQEd aGG JYb
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1 = 5 HdG
18
4
15
= 5 CG M 5 bq dG
54
18
f qdG q
.SCG Sq dG T bQh Y fG 45
40
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Ua [ox) G f Y Oq M (CG
U cGh C h B h A q dG
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M h N q dG [ox) Y q Y (
4,8 h 12Gq dG Y JUa qdG
5
3 = 64
48
4
2 = 4
7
2
1 = 1
3
9
(O
4 = 0,9
0
(CG
: dqdG OGYCG H e Nq dG OdG cPG 41
46
q ,AGLCG KK EG VQCG b b
q
20
14
20
1
0,2
100 1000
70
5
MG e 3 hCq G AG Me
2 qdG AG7Me qh q G
q J jhe Jc JH 8
5
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.eGZc 1,550
Me q qdG dG OdG g e
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? dqdG AG
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jq dG Uh Shh CG e q c gS 47 ac qWe b U L j
CG aa YSe AGT gQfh
e GZ 350 SG UTCG qd
.oK Sh aOh K f
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QGG q qdG dG OdG g e (CG
bq dG d q jJ H GM YCG
? e gQfh jq dG U aO qdG
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K aO jq dG U CG Y GPEG (
. qWG
dG OdG g a YSG K
1 jH (CG
? gQf aO qdG QGG q qdG
1 + 1 - 1
4
3
5
q dG f LJ 48
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1
2
0,83
7
12
23
60
0,3888
0,1
42
43
jH (
17 cm2 Me VCG RGe

5 cm
44
YJQGh
112
300
3
7
400
500
600
.d q jJ b LJ
(2
153080 + 238914
298
305
M VQCG d J SCG Sq dG q 49
FGM EG j NCG qdG
ce EG j HCG qdG
Q q M EG j QRCG qdG
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hO gcPG dq dG OGYCG H e
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qjdG OGYCG -qjdG OGYCG
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
fCG , q e 1530 S L 52
bdG fCG q K SGq c AGd N
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K
q qdG dG OdG g e (1
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q q e J
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MG
q
? VQCG d q G MG EG
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MG
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113
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N q qfCG Y GPEG VY g e
? dW
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q qdG dG OdG SCG (2

.YGQq d G
VQCG Me
q
GPEG AL q c Me Hq G H MG (3
d q G MG qCG Y
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q VQCG IdG Me b j 54
eq dG e q e e 96 f jf 58
5
e dG e qJ 510101000 km2
e 12 bhU S MT SGH
5
.IQcG MG 2 Qj
? dd eRqdG GdG OY g e .q e
3
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H JYb Wh 29 H YJQG
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6
20
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fEG j qdG AGdG q c g e
q H j qfCG Y GPEG Y S
? bq dG Iq e 16 SG
60
e fh eGZc 310 J
q
1 e IMGdG S Y IdG
e g I q dGh e ABCD 56
8
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[AD] e g J q dGh [AB]
? Y G
dG
OY
e
q
K 5 c GPEG LGQq O S g e 61
3
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4
5
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g JQG .ITe HdG
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IJB qG Me q qdG dG OdG Lj
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GQjO 495 qX dG
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q qJG j 63
7 h AGdG e 3 j
q
2
12
1
1
1
10
15
1
2
100
10
8
16
e
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10
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114
aO QhR AGT AbUCG KK TG 67

qdG HQ dG aOh K 3 hCq G
7
.bdG ddG aOh
aO e dG dG OdG g e (CG
? QhdG K EG dH ddG
Y GPEG MGh c aO dG QGG g e (
? G G 5 g GQjO 322 qCG
12
Nq G G q qdG dG OdG L (CG

.dG
q qJG EG q dH
? qjT Nq j CG qdG G g e (
CG qXG Y j qdG dG g e (
CG OGQCG GPEG q edG jQd j
q
J hO e T GQ jO 99 qaj
? qq dGh AGd G
q dG
q
e qdG G QGe 3 dU fCG 64

4
dBG hH Gq GTDq e SCG Sq dG 68 H AGd QGG dP 1 h G S
7
dG
. qe 1200 d a qWG
q j M Gd 5 S aJ
hdG qc EG eq G q VdG
? JRH c qdG G QGe g e
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g q qdG dG OdG g e (CG (1 N d 1000 S Gq N AH e (CG 65
YS qV dBG SGH dPh YS 4
? q dG
.HK
? q G hdG M qdH g e (
SG bh SG e Iq e H (2 Gg UG AG q c Y HG
.hCG YdG
q jf Gq G
.Gq H IOLG hdG q c f
N f A b NBG Gq N eCG (
dG
OLh
e
Y
O
Mh
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dG
fG
(C
G
q
q
q
q qdG dG OdG L YS 3
4
.dG g
.YS H H LS qdG AG q c
q dG Y q j qdG dG OdG g e (
qdG q dG e 9 SCG Oq U H 66
b hdG q c EG q dH G
e e Hh qj25
dG dG
? SEG
q EG L
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? G hdG M qdH g e (
20
e (1
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? L e EG q dH SCG e
1650 g gOUG qdG qdG qCG Y GPEG (2
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YH qdG SCG c GZ dH g e (CG
? jq dG dG
q EG
YH qdG SCG c GZdH g e (
? qdG EG
qdG SCG c jH MG (
.fq N
115
G fCG
Oe - qaM GQY
OW SJ q Vh II
Y SJ q Vh
II
Oe - q aM GQY - I
1 f
AG e q c cCG Ae J He dh geh Y e q c QT
: JBc dG fch IOq qeR Ia N dPh VM
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ge
QG
370
351
AG q c
qdH IAG
H d ef ee Z ge b e IAG qdH AG q c
.dqdG dG e dM qc KdG HG qJQ (1
ddG
qdG
hCq G
a = 366
(CG
ddG
qdG
hCq G
a = 381
Y
b Gge qCG Y GPEG a OdG EG q dH J CG GPe (2
q
.JdG Gg SJ a Od b PEG YCG ? INCG JG
e
Kg `H GZd ef
475 kg
hCq G j bhU MT
400 kg dG jh G e 600 kg h gq dG
GZdH c Nq dG e qq ch SEG e
. a H d ef ee Z
a dH dd GZdH qG dG Y qY (CG
a = 925 kg qCG Y GPEG dG g MG (
fK EG eh
d
q
q ICqe VQCG d J MG Sq dG
Z q W U OY g b ,(G g qdG b IMh) je AGLCG
.e
117
2 f
3 f
15
U jOY b h a c GPEG
a x b AGG qEa W
ab jCG j
MG b Y b dH q Y (1
.MGdG Ad G
q
q G MG b Yb dH q Y (2
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q
MG b Y b dH q Y (3
f d qCGh Y b qd G
q
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VQCG d G MG MG (4
b = 18 qCG Y GPEG J b
GOY b h a M dM q c A IQdG NG
: W U
4 f
A = 4a + 12 + 5a + 3 (1
A = 2,2b + 11,8b + 2b (2
A = 0,7a + 5,2 + a - 3 (3
OGYCG dG IQdG NG qK cG (CG

U OY g a qCG Y MdH eSG
.W
eGY AGL EG G Gg qa (
a = 3 dM G MG (
5 f
: W U OY g a M dq dG JQdG e qc NG K fG ( CG
3 (2 + a) + 5 h 4 (a + 5) + 3 a
W U OY g b M dqdG JQdG e qc AGL U cG (
h
8b + 16
4 + 4b
6 f
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K
a = 6 qCG Y GPEG SG Gg MG (2
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7 f
10
a
M
3
118
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M B = 3x + 7 IQdG f
? B IQdG QNG g (1
.Sj G q K q dG hG fG (2
x
B
M=
8 f
2
10
C2 + C1 + 2S
4
: q dc VjdG IO KdG q G j
S h dG bGG Va OY C2 h hCq G bGG Va OY C1 M
.dCdG VdG OY
16 qK 12 Y
fCG Y GPEG dCdG VdG eGQ
c
q
q
? 14 g dq e qCGh bGG Va
9 f
````````G
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AC = 5
BC = 3
AB = 4 M dG dG
q M 11 f
e
q e q c EG J I dG qCG q H (1
ABC qG jGhR
ABC qG Me MG(2
AIB qG Me Y r dH qY(3
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AIC qG Me Y r dH q Y (5
2r + 3 r + 5 r = 6 qCG SG (6
2
2
r L (7
119
: OW SJ Vh - II
Gd 20 IQdG
: J fqdG
20 l/s
O 1
(s) fdG (l)d 20 q c e

q e J 1 f
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45
10
(t) d edG Iq G
(v) dH LG AG q c
900
Gqj GqdH (t) qdG Iq eh qdH (v) LG AG qc

HK NBG Y gMCG b UM j H
v
CG
= 20
t
.(OW SJ bY hCG) GOW Se (t)h (v)j q G qCG f
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q e g c SCG qG Y H HdG
q hG Ff jf (2
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LG AG q c
(qdH)
1200
900
200
10
(fqdH) q dG Iq e
45
120
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? Y G
dG EG dH MJ GPe -
q
d 1000 aGj qe e 1
f
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1 m = 1000 litres
q e e 1 GS eRqdG dG Iq e g e -
H OW SJ bY q
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3
eSG Y H jqe
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QL KH GQhe Yd HK q je EG jb e IQS fG
C h B h
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.(mn) bdH gS
A
2 f
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(km) aG
(mn) dG
q Iqe
jdG e fG
QhG
A H
QhG
B H
QhG
C H
jG EG UdG
? jGh jdG H UdG aG dH g e (1

.IdG g N IQdG YS q e SG ? bO e MdG g bSG c (2
? B h A jG H UdG aG g e (3
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? C H gQhe bJ g e
121
J
.jOW Se y h x jq G qCG Y GPEG J Gh SCG hG fG
x
300
2700
700
1200
9000
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dG OYH dG FGdG Ud fG
YdG bCG LQdH MG
q
. dG jFG
50%
40%
GMdH SJ a GdG H H H fOH aG SJ

(foot) dGh mile jG e jEG
35000 km, 1200 km : ddG bCG G EG M
q (1
6340miles, 3218 miles: ddG bCG edG EG M
q (2
: Y EG cGdG J (3
1 mile = 1609 m
.jq Gh VQCGh IgdGh OQY g jdG cGdG -CG
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g U cc cCa ,gUY M g YG Jg H a q gCGh
cGdG qEa eh (f) RZ cc UCG b HQ iq j b dh VQCG
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f
28900
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29000
MR
75000
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VQCG
143000
6800
12742
IgdG
OQY
4878
7526
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b
dH
b
jH
122
: Y SJ
q Vh -III
: j c hL T eq bh OHC eCG qS YG .
36 m
Me e 1 f
VdG
qdG
Hh edG OY M e ae J GaCG EG GJ 42 jRJ jf

.bCG Y GJ
.jRdG GH d G dG c SGH q bh SCG hG fG
2 f
GaCG OY
dH eqdG OY
````````G
: CG HK gDhGL c GPEG Y Se y h x Gq e j
e OY a M xy = a
J
.hL eCG HQCG YG ? b H a jq c GOY HJ dG bdG g e
.SCG hG J PEG CG .Y SJ bY y h x jq G qCG f
1
3,2
123
0,2
4
x b
y b
y h x jq e H bY dq dG fdG e
q c q
e M x b EG dH y b Gq J q j dG hG dM q c G (1
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124
`` ` ` jQ`` ` ` `
MG b d x LhCG
.Hq G Me K fG
q
Qq JCG
````````G
G
q dG
q a dH cCG - 1
P q Sh
a = 8 cm c GPEG P MG - 2
P = 70 cm d a LhCG - 3
dG
q GG IFGH MCG q K fG 4
5 x (3a-8) + 2a = 11 c GPEG
hJ a qEa
b
0 (CG
a
1 (
2 (
3 (O
H b Y q dG hG j 5
y h x jq e
x
10
13
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? bdG g
.dG
q GG IFGH MCG q K fCG
EG Uh A e bfG - 1
Y q J qdG aG b h a dH cCG
.MCH G
q QG
B
. qdG f d jQG CG KCG - 2
125
VM A RqdG bdG CG Y
g e .O 25 g 1250 l S
S VM A RqdG bdG
? 800 l
(CG
y = 2x + 1 (
y = 3x -2 (
y = 3x +2 (O
y = 2x -1
500 gr K qe 2150 eS aO
de q W U OGYCG KK - 1
.PEG CGh fG 2n j dhCq G
He aj c .Lq dG e
? dG f e300 gr
hCq G
qdG
dqdG
2n
qdG IQdG IFGH MCG q K j e fG - 2

.OGYCG KqdG q
0,5 l S gq dG e Y qJ 10
(CG
6n - 3
gq dG e Gd c . 7m Me
? 17,5m Me d J
6n - 1 (
2
3 kgjh 5m dW SH fCG
f e fCG Rh g e - 1
? 12 m dW q dG
6n + 1
6n +3
11
f e fCG W g e - 2
? 4,2 kg fRh q dG
qG c GPEG je QG j
J LQGe e LQd h JQGh
(dG g dG IMh) : dq dG bd
g
e QW qJ q dG q dG q 12
.LGQO SGH q L e EG de
Iq e QW qba LGQq dG q J
UGh q K ih L hO M UE
.LGQq O aj eb Y j qdG
g = 65 - 2h
qXhCG
10
(
(O
g
h
-1
-2
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h = 18 cm IMGh qc JQG LQO 6 H
h = 15 cm c GPEG g MG
g = 25 cm c GPEG h MCG
1
10h
11h
126
14
J cCGh qdG hG fG - 1
90
50
40
30
10
dG
q Iq e
(mn)
g c dG
q e VQCG b
aG
Y jj dW YCG Sq dG q e
YG
240 m h 15 cm `H VY
.VQCG b x dH cG - CG QW e H UdG aG g e
? q L eh
Oq Mh VQCG b H LhCG -
.QdH Me QW a qbJ qdG Iq G g e - 2
? LGQO UE
b qdG YdG
q q e g e - 3
Hq e e q dG dG j
15
q
? b Y fqdG aG H
BIJK h ABCD
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q q e g e - 4
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````````G
65 cm qeeCG dG b qLGQO MC 13
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(l = d x )
g IFGq dG
3,14 h
LGQq dG b qdG aG MG - CG (1
x dH dG Y q Y - 1 200CG q eeCG dG CG Y GPEG
qCG Y dG
q Me MCG - 2
.IQhO
42 m
JCG qdG GQhdG OY g e -
? q G dG
MC j M QhG dG
q 16
dG gJ qdG GQhdG OY MG (2
x b H H RG
81,64m .ae d q eeCG
LGQq dG b qdG aG g e - 3
IQhO 100 CG q eeCG dG qCG Y
.q G dG EG q dH q aVEG
127
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? hG Gg q jAYdG
q CG - 1
? hG Gd SdG edG g e - 2 g jG CG Y GPEG x LhCG - 2
34 m
H HJ qdG bdG cCG - 3
h h V jqG
YS Iq JQH MCG qJ - 17
hCG OW) Sq dG Gg f Oq M - 4
V = 60km /h HK YHh
(Y
YS Iq JQH jq Y qJ d = 140 kmaG bh HK YHh
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jY
V (km /h)
d (km)
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18
128
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FME
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q
q
FGY
Vd
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q
q
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: j a qJ Qh q gCG VjdG Y e a g AMEG
: ddG FSdG iMEG SGH dPh e Ve M eG L (1
......... - GSEG - ASEG - AGQBd dG - TG OGdG
hGL SGH dPh HdG MG Y G
eG J (2
q
. fH hCG FMEG
L SGH J eEG Yh HdG qG G h SGQO (3
GGh HG q c bG ASh e ASdH q J OGYCG e
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Me J dG UdG AMEH q j e HdG dG MGG q
GAGLEGh GQGb PqJGh Ff USG e G
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q
gh zVjq dG AMEG{ `H MG g q Jh .ShQG VG M
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130
: q FMEG q Vh - I
IOe b eJ q e Fb j a
: VjdG
1 f
- 18 - 9 - 15 - 10 - 16 - 10 - 12 - 13 - 9 - 15 - 9 - 12
10-18 - 10 - 13 - 16 - 15 - 13 - 9 - 16 - 8 - 12 - 15 - 10
q FMEG G g J dG PSCG OGQCG (1

.q G M eq dG OY q j hL
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qFMEG SGQqdG J eY
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Y e qY Y
AMEG
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10
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OY
edG
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eq dG OY
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131
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zqdG { G Gg q j
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14
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22
26
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
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132
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1/4
25%
10
20
35
10
20
35
10
20
35
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aGG FGq dG dG b
LQq dH
134
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q
q ie g e -
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MGh AMEG
aZ
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135
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136
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2003 S jQe jRJ
Qjq dH jQG
20%
40%
20%
20%
SqdG
AGdG
OYCGh SG
jQe
? 2001 S jQG b QjdH g e (1

? 2003 S AGdH UG jQG b QjdH g e (2
MGh AMEG
137
dG
q
q FGY Vd eCG - II
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q j{ : 1 G
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1 f
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12
15
Gq G OY
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q d CG
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6 EG 1 e qbe LhCG q e GOf

q Y eQ 2 f
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q
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- 1 - 3 - 4 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 3 - 6 - 2 - 1 - 3 -4 - 2 - 1 - 6 - 1 - 3 -5 - 2 - 1
3 - 2 - 5 - 1 - 4 - 6 -2 - 1 - 1 - 5 - 5 - 1 - 5 - 4 - 6 -2 - 1 - 2 -3 - 5 -
dG GG OY bQ q H aj hL FGdG dG g Ff qf (1
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GSG MG jFe f U q K
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138
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16
IQhG dH Lj
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q Hh JdH 50% h UCH e 3 h QRCH fe
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16
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JH
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( 0% hCG)
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( 100% hCG) .MGd jhe j
139
QRCG
4 f
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O Y EG dG G j 3 iMEG q Y Q LC c j a
(QjdH) SDG
Ic ja S dG GgCG
.He
q S dG
300 300 320 270 300 250
350 270 320 270 350 250

300 270 350 280 280 270
250 270
S Y
q d G g qf (CG
.qFMEG
? FMEG dG g Ge g e (
.SDq G H QLCG q eh ie MG (
hL G e e qf (CG e M ee SCG qG j 2
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q G
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5
96
78 120 54
IdG
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600
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q FMEG hG Gg qe (
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50% J INdG J qCG f (
350 (
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550 (
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650 (O
140
MGh AMEG
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. 3 Y dG j q LhR
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GOY Ijc GSG MG (O
2001-2002 2000-2001 1999-2000 qSGQqdG dG
q
.jYh U H GQ
QcqdG OY
250
350
250
GOY Ijc GSG MG (`g
fEG OY
250
200
150
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fe
q Gc q e SCG dG q 8
SGQq dG dG
q N eq dG OY c c (2
KK ah AGLCG KK EG b
q bh
J dG dG
q fCG Y GPEG (1998-1999)
e q e
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UCG q G jY Y G OY qJh 3 `H QcqdG OY OGR (1999-2000)
? 15 `H fEG
.M
q SGQq dG dG
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MG
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fG
3 2 1 0
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141
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II
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III
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j
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jhG G f Y
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HG Sq dG 3 f
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143
Nh M
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IB = 4,3 cm
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g
M [AB] `d OdG SG
q
144
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145
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[AB]
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q
1 f
146
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MB .... MC
, MH.... MC
MH .... MB
MH.....MA
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147
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q CG
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3,8
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2,6 cm H dGh
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fqdG q VdG
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h `d cG qdG OY qVh qc Oq M (
q e
IFGd O cG H c GPEG IFGd O cG H c GPEG IFGd O cG H c GPEG

YT hj e Y YT e UCG e Y YT e cCG e Y
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a
q
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= {H}
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q S
q
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q H
= {I,J}
148
2 f
f Y q Yh O gce C IFGO SQG

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A
f IFGd SG
q
G g e
YT Y OdG
.dG J
RGq dGh edG
J
Y A q d OdG G B h e h 2 cm YTh A gce IFGO g C
dM qc Gh C IFGq d q q dG q VdG Oq M
AB = 1,8 cm
AB = 2,4 cm
.dq dG Sq dG e q c Gh
AB = 2 cm
(CG
IFGq d q dG q VdG Oq M
: jd ,HG Sq dG
CB = 5 cm -
(BC) h 2 cm
YT IFGO g I q dG d S
q
ABC qG Me MG
149
`` ` J
j [AB] e I
(IMGh eSG Y B h A h I) h (IA = IB)
jhG G f Y g e d OdG SG
q
dG W Y dG
q e e Y OYh ee f e q MGh e Lj
jRGe g G f Gej e
gMCG Y OY e q c qEa jRGe e c GPEG NBG ej
NBG ej gMC RGe e q c qEa jee e c GPEG NBG RGj gMC RGe e qc qEa jRGe e c GPEG q e RGeh ee f e q MGh e Lj
.NBG Wj gMC We e q c qEa jRGe e c GPEG
M H OHCG UCG gh G Y M q dG H q j MHdG e f q CGh
Y M d OdG G q J H qdG xM
Gh gMCG e f H dG g jRGe e H dG
NBG
J YT Y OdG G g e f IFGd SG
q
.dG
150
`` ` ` jQ`` ` ` `
3
A
x
Qq JCG
1
B
x
eM f HG qK SGq c Y fG
dG jhe J G
B h A Y
RGq dGh edG
: q dG Sq dG eq CJ
SG
g (AC) a dG G cPG
q
.HGL qe [BD] `d OdG
A
2
x
OdG SG
g
q
s CG KCG (CG
[AD] `dh [BC] `d
qCG Y GPEG AD h AB MG (
BC = 3,2 cm h AC = 5,6 cm
151
j H D q dG HG q K SGq c Y fG
[AD] `d OdG SG
: qdG Sq dG M
1
A
x
q dG q VdG g e (1
qY ? (AD)h (BC) d
HGL
ABCD YHdG W SG (2
q dG HG K SGq c Y Sq dG fG (CG
K dGh 1 Y A `d OdG G
. Y A `d OdG G
A dG d jJ b dH YCG (
1 h G e qc Y
H
qXhCG
he REG dUh q Y QT
q e SGH IQhG IdG e G
bCG qY qK SGq c Y Sq dG fG Y q G Vd SG G Oq M
G EG IFGq dG e f
.IdG V
q Yh O gceC IFGO SQCG (1
(OA) H I h A f Y
(OI) Y OY
C `d SG
G HG ( CG (2
q
I C `d SG
' h A
q
. `d q dG q VdG g e (
? (OI) h
' qCG KCG (
152
RGq dGh edG
M ABCD e SQyG (1
AD = 3 cm h AB = 5 cm
A gce dG C IFGq dG SQyGh
3 cm YTh
IFGq d q dG q VdG Oq M (2
(DC)G e
q ch C
(BC) h
G H dG Y ( CG (3
(BD)Y A d OdG
AH h AD jdG Qb (
q dG q VdG SG (
(BD) Gh C IFGq d
12
M q dG Sq dG SGq c Y fyG
CD = 6 cm
10
CB = 4 cm
hj (BC) Y H e HG
2 cm hj (CD) Y H ' eh
. ' h WJ f I q Y q K
. ICB h ICD qyG Me PEG Qb
g ABCD M SCG Sq dG M 11
3 cm
9 cm
12 cm
OHCG e
dH MND G Me MG ( CG
(cm ) Hq G
ANCM G T Me MG (
2
153
jGhq dG
- IQhG - eG - eq G : jGh
q dG
SCG
q dH HG jGh
q dG
jhG
q dG e
q
II
YHQ jGhR - qe jGhR
III
SCGdH HG - IQhG - eG - eq G : jGhq dG - I

.SCG Y LCG q K q dG dG M
1 f
u
y
`````jGh`````````dG
jhGR c
jhGR f
q ee
q
q
90b
jhGR c
q ee jhGR f
q 180b
[ox, oy] jhGdG
q EG ef
ea SdEG g j GPEG xoy `H
xoy b EG dc
? xAy jhGq dG b g e (CG

yAt h tAz h tAu h yAu h yAz MG (
xAu + yAt h xAy + tAz MG (
? J GPe
.eeh JQhe jhGR cPCG - (O
.eq eh JQhe jhGR cPCG -
V jhGR WJ GPEG .JQhe qfCG f

jhGR yoz hxoy fc GP EG qEa JQhe
xoy + yoz = xoz
155
140
q dG Sq dG M
G MG (CG
xoz + yoz
xoy b SG (
? toyb g e (
O f (zt) h (xy)e WJ GPEG He yot h xoz jhGq dG qCG f
SCGq dH
je SCGq dH He jhGR q c xoz = yot
zoy = xot
yot = 90 M xoy
.q dG Sq dG M
eq e jhGR cPG
.ee jhGRh
xoy = 50M xoy jhGR SQG (CG
jhqGd IQh
yot
jhGR HG (
xot MG (
q dG Sq dG M
G SEG hH MG
toy h yoz e qc
156
jhGR qch qee jhGR qc SCG eq G jGhq dG bCG N e cPG

.ee
HGI = 131
TSU = 143
FEM = 49
KCL = 53
BAC = 37
QCR = 25
NOM = 41
jhGq dG
q e - II
e
q HGh xAy jhGR SQG (CG 1 f
h [Ax) Y M `d OdG G H HG K [At) Y M f qY (
MK = MH qCG qM q K [Ay) YM `d OdG
[Ay) h [Ax) e
q c Y jH Qb K [At) Y N fK f q Y (
[At)
`````jGh`````````dG
jhGR e
q e f qc
Y dG jhe J
jhGq dG V
C
.njp rob He Z Kh H f Y qYh O gceC IFGO SQ G
HG (CG
' h H C `d SG
K C `d SG
q
q
h ' WJ f I q f
? MJ GPe . HIK jhGq dG e
q HG (
dG jhe jhGR e f qc
V Y
jhGdG J e
q EG J
157
2 f
jhGq dG f Y g jhGq dG e
q
V Y dG jhG
J
ucv = 30h xoy = 45
M ucv h
xoy jhGR HG
f HG q K eq e g c ' h e SQG
' h Y dG jhe M
M qdG Sq dG qeCJ
G Y M q dG H LhCG
.HGL qY
MI = 3 cm
.(ox)
YHQ jGhR - qe jGhR - III

OAC qG
OAC qG q qdG (1) dG
q T bQh Y fG (CG 1 f
OAC jhGqdG EG ef CG
(1) dG
q Y q e g c KqdG AGLCG b
q (
A `H
q e g c KqdG AGLCG L EG L V (
G SG q K (2) dyG
A+O+C
158
(2)
(1)
`````jGh`````````dG
.YHQ jGhR f CG jf
: q dG ABCD YHq dG fG (CG
[AC] dG SQG (
.Y G
qG jGhR MG (
q
ABCDYHq dG jGhR SG
qdG EG Ud iNCG jW LJ g (O
? f
2 f
180hj
qe jGhR bCG 360 hj VCG YHQ jGhR bCG -
J
EFGH
G T E jhGq dG MG qKABC FdG qG A jhGq dG MG
E
B
65
50
159
C
H
BAD
h ACI MG K SCG dG
q qeCJ
MG qK SCG Sq dG qeCJ
xAy
160
`` ` J
.JQhe qfCG f ,V jhGR WJ GPEG qEa jQhe jhGR yoz h xoy c GPEG xoy + yoz = xoz
90
b jhGR q c eq e jhGR q f
180b jhGR
q c ee jhGR q f
.je SCGdH He JhGR q c
`````jGh`````````dG
xoz = yot
zoy = xot
V Y dG jhG jhGq dG f Y g jhGq dG e

q
y
180hj
qG jGhR bCG
360hj VCG YHQ jGhR bCG
161
`` ` ` jQ`` ` ` `
Qq JCG
.eq e jhGR cPCG q K q dG dG

q eq CJ
: q dG Sq dG M 2
cCG qK G fG (1
jhGR g KAH h KAJ
............................. h ....................
KAH jhGq dG e
q g [AB) qCG KCG (2
KAJ jhGq dG e
q g [AC)h
BAC jhGq dG b SG
jGhR bCG MCG q K q dG dG
q M
BCD qG
e
q
M SCG Sq dG eq CJ
OK = OL h KAC jhGq dG
HCB jhGq dG e
q EG J O dG qCG q H
[AO)
162
B
J
f Y q Yh 2 cm YTh O gce (C) IFGO SQCG (1

AB = 3 cm M
' h A (C) `d SG
q S B (C) `d SG
HG q
q
.WJ f
AJB jhGq dG e
q g [JO) qCG KCG h
`````jGh`````````dG
163
q dG Sq dG eq CJ
.HGL qY ? G
a b g e
q
.SCG Sq dG fG
' h G Y dG jhG IFGq dG f q Y
QG XdG
e EG qdH f IXe - XJ Q
QG Xq dG q UN II
Q XH T IQU III
e EG dH
q f IXe - XdG
q Q
-I
1 f
qfCG Y GPEG q dG dG
q SQ cCG q K jq qe bQh Y q dG Sq dG fG
G EG q dH Xe
2 f
QG Xq dG
.cCG hCG XJ Q eq G TCG e T q d

.j dG XdG ( Qh hCG ) Q SQG qK T bQh Y T c fG
G EG dH D h C h B dG GXe D' h C' h B' f (

.GdG Y
? [DD']h [CC'] h [BB'] dG e qc EG dH G q GPe .HGL qY
? EG dH E h A dG e q c IXe g e 165
e d
. G EG J f M @
G EG q dH M q d IXe M q dG J @
g G c GPEG
[MM'] d OdG SG
q
. G EG J f N @
.f N g G EG qdH N dG IXe
J
. EG J M fh e SQG
IFGdG SQG B h A f j h M ce jFGO Sb SQG
B gce dG ' IFGdG SQG q K AM YTh A gce dG
BM YTh
M' fK fh M WJ ' h
. EG dH JXe M' h M qCG q H OYH EG dH N' JXe HG K EG J N fK f qY .dG
f
q
O h B h A f K q Y
B h O dG CG Y GPEG e EG dH A IXe A' dG HG
EG dH JXe e J
QG XdG
q q UN
B h Af (D)Y q Y q K (D)h e T bQh Y SQG (CG
G EG dH GdG YB h A JXe B' h A' dG SQG
(A'B') G SQG q K
- II
1 f
G Y fG b (AB) G qCG Mh ah QdG WG

. EG dH GXe (A'B') h (AB) G qCG j e gh
? EG dH [AB)G f Xe g e (
A'B' = AB qCG M ? EG dH [AB] G b Xe g e (
(A'B')
166
.(dG Y aj QG XdG qCG f)

A gce dG ' IFGdG SQG q K B e q h A gce dG IFGdG SQG (O
B' e q h
' IFGdG Y fG b IFGdG qCG Mh ah QdG WG
g Q XH e fh e IQU .e fh ,e Gq dG Y
b g Q XH e b IQU .d je e
d ' IFGO g Q XH IFGO IQU ce IQU gceh dG
q f
eSG Y aj QG Xq dG
dG Y aj QG Xq dG
QG Xq dG
J
J Q XH IMGh eSG Y P h N h M f K IQU CG q H
. (eSG Y aj QG Xq dG qCG f) IMGh eSG Y
[IK] dG e J M qdG Sq dG M
IQU a IG SH SQG - CG
qdG QG XqdH (IJ) G
Q
Y K h J JXe K' h J'f -
EG q dH Gq dG
IK = 3 cm qCG Y GPEG J'K' MG
e GAL [BC] h [AB] dG q dG SdG

' h G e
q c EG q dH Xe qe
.Sq dG EG hO qG Gg MG
167
.SGc Y HG SdG fG
B h A JXe B' h A' dG SQG -CG
. G EG dH GqdG Y
AB h A'B' Qb -
.e T AA' BB' q YHdG CG q H -
.IMGh eSG Y B' h I h A' dG qCG qH -O
xoy
jhGRh e T bQh Y SQG

GdG Y [Oy) h [Ox) `d jXG [O'y') h [O'x') G f SQG
. EG q dH
jhGdG qCG SG . G ah bQdG WG q K x'o'y' jhGdG MCH dq
.H Y fG b xoy h x'o'y'
2 f
.d je jhGR g Q XH jhGR IQU

bCG Y aj QG Xq dG qCG f
.jGhq dG
J
.e T
ABCD
jd HG SdG
. BCD qG jGhR MG -CG
. ACB SG K ADB jhGdG Oq M -
168
QG EG q dH K IXe K'
q dG SQG -CG
VCG je KJK' qG qCG q H -
Q XH T IQU - III
1 f
QG Xq dG
EG dH qG Xe SQG q K jqe bQh Y dG SdG fG

. G
? G EG dH jXe NCGh UG dG j dM
q CG
169
2 f
eh ABC e SQG -CG (1

D G EG dH ABC qG Xe A'B'C' qG SQG
.Me q K A'B'C' h ABC qG Qb -
e q eh2 cm YTh O gce IFGO SQG -CG (2
. G EG dH ' IFGdG IXe ' IFGdG SQG
.UdG Me q K 'h JFGdG Qb -
A e q D
3 f
EG q dH GXe T
jhe T g e
MGh G b
: GdG Y
J
. e EG dH GXe EFGH h ABCD Hq G
.dM qc XdG Q SQG qK T bQh Y SQ qc fG- CG
fqdG dG
hCG dG
.L qc eCG zCN{ hCG zU{ LCG qK fG -
fqdG dG
g EG q dHA IXe
G g EG qdH DIXe
E g EG q dH C IXe
hCG dG
g EG q dH A IXe
Hg EG qdH D IXe
F g EG q dH C IXe
170
`` ` ` jQ`` ` ` `
q c IQU HG q K SGc Y fG
. Q dG XdH T
: q dG G fG
JXe D' h B' dG SQG - CG

G EG q dH Gq dG Y D h
(AC)
QG Xq dG
: dG dG M
ABCD
G Xe SQG -
(AC) G EG q dH
dG a j qdG dG g e
? EG q dH jXe
: G q K fG
..... EG dH JXe F h E
.......... EG dH JXe D h B
...... g (BD)EG dH I IXe
.mT e GAL q dG SdG q
GPEG SQ cCG q K SGc Y fCG
.d XJ GQ g ' h qCG Y
(2)
(1)
1cm
2cm
171
(4)
(3)
gce C IFGO SQG -CG (1

. I e f q Y q K 2 cm YTh
. I C IFGd SG HG -
d eM e q c IFGO -CG
dH A IXe B dG q Y -
.d XJ Q
. EG
e EG dH Xeh qe-
EG dH C IFGdG IXe SQG (2
.G f d
. (AB)h G e c
XJ Q G -
[AB] d
.FGO Sb g [AB]dG dG 7
A
B
EG dH Xe SQ c
EG q dH zCN{ hCG zU{ `H LCG

.L q c
eSG Y f K fc GPEG -O
EG dH JGX e qE a IMGh
.IMGh eSG Y J e
EG dH IFGO e f IXe -
f EG IQhdH J e
.IFGdG
IXe A' dG
. e
. G SQG q K SdG fG -CG
ABC Xe A'B'C' qG SQG -
. EG dH
EG dH
172
qG
qe AH fCG
qG IG G II
UG
qG III
q
qe AH fCG - I
: (dG g IMdG ) ddG G e dM qc IJK qe HG
JK = 6 h IK = 5 h IJ = 3 (CG
SCGQ
JK = 6 h IJ = 3 M I Fb IJK (
I FdG q b dG je IJK (
V
JK = 5 h IJ = 3 M
jhGR
IJ = 3 M VCG je IJK (O
dM q c
AC + CB h AB
Qb
1 f
2 f
A
A
x
B
x
( dG g IMdG)
EG = 4 h EF = 6 jd EFG qe
[EF] dG SGc Y SQG (CG
3 f
Sj G qK fG (
...... YTh ..... gce dG IFGdG EG J G dG
. IFGdG SQG
.ddG G e dM c dP eCG EG EFG qG SQ G (
SOBdG dG eG dG HGqdG dG dqdG dG fqdG dG hCG dG
FG 10
FG 2
FG = 6
FG = 12
FG = 1
FG = 5
q c b j qe
a H Q V
dG b h
.jNBG
CB - CA < AB
AB < CA + CB
174
J
1
HGL qY ? q ShDhQ C h B h A dG q dM
q CG
dqdG dG
fqdG dG
hCG dG
AB =7, AC=4, BC=3
AB =7, AC=6, BC=2
AB = 7, AC =4, BC= 2
qG IG G - II
q jOdG
Sq G
q
.q dG Sq dG fG
.[BC]`d OdG SG
EG JO q dG qCG q H (CG
q
.ABC qH G IFGq dG SQG (
1 f
qG
e d OdG SG
q
Se
q q j qG VCG
.qG Gd jq OY
jq OdG SG
WJ
q
ce g f q
.qH G IFGq dG
G IFGq dG ce jd
WH AcG q
Gd jOY Se
q
qG
175
Le jhGR d qe SQG -CG

SQGh qG GH G IFGq dG ce Oq M -
. O gce a (C) IFGO HG dG

q q j
dG qCG q H q K (C) IFGq dG Y B h A f q Y -CG
[AB] d OdG SG
EG J O
q
(C) IFGq dG ce be SG -
C
B
Gq N REG Mqa KK TG
jh QhG OGdG e G d
q dH qG dRe Y aG f
C h B h A
C h B h A dG T bQh Y fG
.OGdG q qdG dG dch
SG bG q dG qdG qY -CG
.Gq d
qdG OGdG e SG bG q Y -
.G e q
qG jGhR
q e
I
B
M q dG dG
q M 1 f
?[BC] dG
q Y I q dG H g e -CG
. C^ jhGq dG e
q EG J I qCG SG
dGC IFGq d q dG VdG g e -
V
q qch 1,1cm YTh I gce
? qG VCG e
SQGh T bQh Y dG
q fG -
C IFGq dG
IH = 1,1 cm
jGhR e
q WJ
ce g f qG
.qH WG IFGq dG
176
J
1
qe e GAL q dG Sq dG q
J . ^ jhGdG e EG J
A
M f AH jf
q
q
WJ f{ : j e Ra eR bG -CG
.zdG
q q J^ h jhGq dG e
q
.HGL qY ? dP Y aGJ g
? jhGq dG e
q EG J iNCG Wf L -
AIJ
qG YJQG
A
qG
.Le jGhR iMEG qe g
b g qG JQG
MCG J qdG G
OdG H ShDhQ
qd eyG yG Y
.SCGdG dd HG
177
G G q K SGq c Y q dG Sq dG fG -CG 1 f
: ddG
ABC qd .......... g [AH]
ABC qd [CL] h [BK] YJQEG SQG -
? J GPe
ABC
qCG dM dG f CG
2 f
G WJ
qG YJQ eG
cG q J f
.qd FdG
J
q dG dG
q M (1
? ABC qG EG q dH I q dG q GPe -CG
ABI d FdG cG g C qdG qCG qH -
? I e QOdG
q ABI qG JQG g e -
Y GPEG (BC) G Y A SCGq dG H MG (2
BC = 5cmh 18,5 cm hJ ABC G Me qCG
qG Sq e
[BC]e I
A
M T Qh Y q dG dG
q fG
( [AC] d
SQG-CG
q aGG) B e QOdG
q SG
q
( [AB]d
SQG -
q aGG) C e QOdG
q SG
q
? MJ GPe
b g qG Se
q
MCG J qdG G
dG
q ShDhQ
.SCGdG dd HG
A X
Se
q WJ
q J f qG
qG K ce
.q dG Sq dG fG - CG
Se
q qCG Y GPEG ABC G SQG -
.[AI] g A e QOdG
q
BX
1 f
I X
178
.q dG Sq dG fG - CG
C q b qCG Y GPEG ABC qG SQ CG -
[Ax) EG j G K ceh [By) EG J
IC = IB
qG
M q dG dG
q M
AIB h AIC qG Me Qb
.HGL qY
: ddG dG HG q K IJ K qe SQG -CG

.qH G IFGdG ce O dG .qG K ce G dG .qd FdG cG H dG .IMGh eSG Y H h G h O dG qCG qM -
EG J(IK)h(JK)h (IJ) G e qc EG dH HGXe qCG qM -
.qH G IFGdG
: U
q G qG - III
FdG qG
B
Fb
ABC e SQG- CG
^ +C
^ MG-
A
? J GPe . C e QOdG
q JQEGh A e QOdG
q JQEG Oq M -
: jd Fb qe
.eq e JOq G jhGq dG .FdG jhGq dG SCGQ g FdG cG 179
1 f
Fb qe g ABC M qdG dG
q M
[BC] e g I dGh
IC h IB h IA OHG H Qb -CG
.SQGh ABC H G (C) IFGq dG ce SG -
? (C) IFGdG EG qdH [BC] JdG q GPe
2 f
.H G IFGq dG b g FbdG qG Jh
CG
SG
W V JdG j Fb qe
q
.FdG jhGq dG e QOdG
q
J
BC = 6 cm h AB = 3 cm
IB = 5,2 cm
A Fb ABC qe HG
ID = 1,8 cm qdG Sq dG qeCJ
M
h
(AB) // (CD)qCG q H -CG

IDC
jhGq dG MG -
dG jG qG
je e
H
K
M q dG dG
q M
[JH] JYb dG
q
(IK) G EG dH JIK qG Xe g e - CG
Sj cCGh ddG G fG -
gh I e QOdG IJH qG ........ g [IK] dG . I e QOdG IJH qG .......... jCG
....... jhGdG......... g [IK) G f J
........................ IHJ h IJH jhGq dG IJH
1 f
180
.dG
q je qe
.je IYd JQhG jhGq dG qd XJ Q q IYd OdG SG
q
SGh
jhGq dG e
q
q e qc j IYd OdG SG
q
.qFq dG q dG e jQOdG JQGh
A = C = 50 M ABC
e T bQh Y SQG - CG
BC h AB H qdG SGH Qb -
. ABC G W SG -
qG
jhGR d qe qc
qe g je
.dG
q je
181
.HG dG
q M
JIH h IJH MG- CG
IHK h xJy MG -
? dG
q je qG Gg qCG g
.HGL qY
HGL qe CN hCG H LCG

.dG
q jeSAC qEa 45hJ jhGR dh Fb qeSAC c GPEG -CG
SAC qEa 45hJ jhGR dh dG
q je qe SAC c GPEG -
.Fb qe
[AC] e I
dGh
SAC = 30 M S Fb qe g SAC
SIC
ISC
.qG Gd SQ G - CG
h SIA h SCA MG -
VCG jG qG
? jGhR bCG g e .VCG je ABC qe HG - CG
.SQG ? ABC qd XJ Q e Lj c -
.H G IFGq dG ce HG -
? FdG ce ? K ce be SG g -O
J VCG je qe - ?? MJ GPe ? H WG IFGq dG ce
q d aGG IG G
.V
qd qjOdG SG q .d XJ Qh VCG jG
1 f
J
SG hH) 60b jhGR SQG - CG
.(G
Y bCG jGhR AH SG -
150h 30h 120 GdG
YVCG GWCG VCG je e T b Ojd

e Y a
HG Sq dG q e g c b HQCG dCG -CG
q
? V W g e ? W g e
4 cm V W VCG je e Y G OjR jj -
? dd j b c
: Y G e q dG dG OY g e -
? 8 cm V W VCG je e ? 32 cm V W VCG je e -
1 cm
182
J
q jq OdG SG
WJ q
G IFGq qdG ce g f
.H
qG
qG jGhR e
WJ q
GH WG IFGq dG ce g f
.qG
eG G WJ g f qG YJQ
.qd FdG cG
f qG Se WJ .qG K ce g
183
: jd Fb qe @
qee JOq G jhGq dG .FdG jhGq dG SCGQ g FdG cG j Fb qe CG H G IFGq dG b g FdG qG Jh .FdG jhGq dG SCGQ e QOdG
W V JdG
q SG
q
.dG
q je qe @
je IYd JQhG jhGq dG .XJ Q q IYd OdG SG
q
SGh
jhGq dG e
e qc j IYd OdG SG
q
q
q
.q Fq dG q dG e jQOdG JQGh
.dG
q je qe g je jhGR d qe q c @
q d aGG IG G J VCG je qe @
.V
.d XJ Qh jq OdG SG q VCG je qe @
184
`` ` ` jQ`` ` ` `
qK T bQh Y Sq dG g fG
e I g q dG AG LCG SQ CG
.G YJQG
G G
SR =4
SUR
Qq JCG -I
qG HG
h UR =2 h SU =3 ( 1
h UR =12 h SU =3 (2
SR =4
I q dG Yh EFG e SQG 4
G SQyG K[EG] e SU =3h dG jeh S Fb SUR (3
[EF]
`d OdG SG
q
Gh
OdG SG
q
WJ f O qYh [FG] `d
' h
(OI) (EG) qCG q H
FdG b dG je SUR (4
SR =2
SUR =45
UR =2
UR =8
SUR
(5
qG
Y Dh O h A M GG Sq dG f
dq dG Sq dG e SQ q c q
H e Ue ABC e
e J h I M AGLCG
GdG Y [AB] h [AC]
.IMGh eSEG
OCD h COD
h AOE MCG
qe dq dG Sq dG e SQ q c q 3
ce H M AGLCG H e Ue
.FdG
ABC
ABC. qG K ce G
q f
j e q qdG Sq dG g e
? bf g e aVEG hH G q dG
G dG qY qK SdG Gg fG
185
G q GPe (CG (1
? ABC qG EG dH 2h
2 h 1G q GPe (
? ACD qG EG dH
IB = ID qCG q H (CG (2
J gce dG IFGdG qCG q H (
C h D e q JA YTh
Z Vh q c eCG (x)eY V 6
.VCG jeh Fb qe (1
.Fb h dG je e (2
60
jGhR MCG dG je qe (3
110
H IJS e HG (CG
SIJ = 45h IJS = 60h IJ = 7 cm
ISJ MG (
SIJ jhGq dG e
q [Ix) HG (CG (2
H [JS] j dGh
IHJ MG (
IJS jhGq dG e
q [Jy) HG (CG (3
O [Ix) j dGh
ISO MG (
10
gbh I gce(C) IFGO HEG (CG

(C) Y Rf q Y[OC]
qG W g e (
RIO h RIC
RCO h ROC qCG q H (
.ee jhGR
ROC qG W SG (O
11
jGhR MCG Fb qe (4
60 h70 jGhR dG je qe (
50
. 6 h 12 h 8 OHCG qe (6
[BC]JYb dG
q je ABCe HG
A e QOdG
q YJQGh 4 cm dW
5 cm dW
C h B f SQG K qdG Sq dG fCG
qe ABC j H G qG e
A jhGq dG Fb
{J} = 1 2
M q dG Sq dG eq CJ
h {I} = 1 3
186
qXhCG
c GPEG dG f REG g (
q CG Se OGQCG 12
? Y jq OY(AB) G qe T VQG b j
j M e F dG HG ( c J Mh MG f d b 6 EG
q b dG je CDF qG : dG SdG Ca qe T e IMGh q
. C q Fq dG
.HGL qY ? feEG e g c
f
q Gg j M CG 15
GIRE e SQG (CG
je RIK e SQG (
. R q Fq dG q b dG
q
.M H b e Ggh
REG Gg
q U e qd
GAC h GAB qG Me Qb (CG
GAB h GAC qG Me Qb (
? J GPe (
qG
GG Sq dG fG
13
YCG q K cPG ,SdG C N Lj

.dG Sq dG
SGq c Y Sq dG Gg AH YCG
16
HIK
qG Me MG (CG
H e QOdG
q HIK qG JQG W SG (
KHIR YHq dG Me MG (
.SGq c Y q dG Sq dG fG
C
14
D
A
B
ABE qG j M
e E dG HG ( CG
g c . E q Fq dG q b dG je
.HGL qY ? feEG e
187
YTh I gce(C) IFGO SQG ( CG (1 17

I H H h E f Y q Yh 2,5 cm
.IMGh eSG Y d H h E h
16,1 cm g qdG dG
q 20
Y q G OHCH SQ YCG
.HM j e M H SGq c
SGh E (C) IFGd SG HG (

A j ' h .H (C) IFGd '
? HAI qG W g e (CG (2
? HAE qG W g e (
f q Yh (xy) e SQG (CG (1
.dEG J A
A e Qq G G SQG (
f O Vh (xy) Y OdGh
(xy)Y B f q Y q K WJ
O `d d
[OA] `d OdG SG
' HG (CG (2
q
[OA] jh J [AB] j '
.I
(IJ) `d RGe (xy) qCG q H (
e g J dG qCG q H (
21
gce IFGOC GG Sq dG
qe g OYA . 1,5 cm YTh
YA = 2,7 cm Mh AL j
I C IFGd SG
g h
q
O
18
[AB]
ABC G M SCG Sq dG f 22
(EF) //(AC)
h VCG je
(EG) // (BC) h
IYO h A MG (CG
IYO qG MG (
dG je ABC e SQG (CG (1

B jhGq dG Fbh
A MG (
45 jhGR SQ jW SG (
VCG je qe SQ g (2
? jhGq dG Fbh
19
188
? EBF qG W g e (CG (1
? EAG qG W ge (
K
H dG Lgh eCG GNCG OGQCG (2
de e bfG LQq GO Y
C
qG G eCG JG A dH qG
S
ABC G VCH
B
C EG B e K B EG A e bfG)
A
( A EG C e GNCGh
dG
q VCH qG G Lg qJG
eh B EG A e fG) ABFEGA
G b e I dG q G EG E e h E EG F eh F EG B
b e C dG qh [AB]
( A EG G e GNCGh
.[BK] G
? ae cCG b jNCG
q CG
? BAK qG W ge (1
? JIA qG W ge (2 OI > 4 M I h O f q Y 23
? (BK)h (IJ) `d q dG q VdG ge (3 YTh O gce (C) IFGO SQG (CG
. 2 cm
. [IJ] e g (S) dG qCG q H (4
[OI] gb (C1) IFGO SQG (
CIA h CJA qG Me Qb (5
K gceh
HQ g JIA G Me qCG q H (6 . B h A f (C1) h (C) WJ
BAK G Me ? KAOh IKA qG W ge (
? AIO qG W ge (O
IJ = 1 BK qCG SG (7
2
e Qq e e Ad jW SG (
. (C) `d Sh
I dG
q
? feEG e LJ c
qG
: dG Sq dG M
189
24
VCG YHQ
Hq G - q G - G
VCG RGe
II
Hq G - q G - G - I
: dq dG dG
q fG
(2)
1 f
(1)
q qfCG qe Y f
NGO f qc HQ GPEG
J e H
.qG Gg NGO IG
b SQG q K T q c NGO f q Y (CG

.HJ qdG G
? dG
q NGO G G b qCG g (
b Y FGO J
g T q c NGO q dG be q Z GPEG (
q
? dG
q NGO IG e
.q Z NBGh q VCG SN SQG (O
e SQG-CG (1
.jRGe He V c CG H -
.SQG ,d XJ GQ Lj -CG (2
He V EG dH J CG GPe -
? jJ M e G e
A e q h O gce dG IFGdG SQG -CG (3
? G ShDhQ H EG dH MJ GPe
Wjh je [BD] h [AC] jdG qCG q H -
O e
VCG YHQ
O ce q Y q K ABCD
g G
VCG YHQ
Fb jGhR
: jd G
Q VCd jq OdG SG .d XJ
.jeh jRGe He V q c .e Wjh je GdG -
191
2 f
J
OBA = 25,8 h OC = 2,3 cm h BC = 2 cm M SCG SdG M
AOD qG MG (CG
B
A
25,8
?
2,3
DOA . jhGdG b
MG (
h IJ = 6cm M I FdG q b dG je IJKe HG (CG

[JK] dG e H dG q Y
G E dG Y q Yh I dG (IH)Y OdG G HG (
Y J d OdG
EH dG SG ? e IHJE YHdG qCG H
JK = 4cm
[EG]
[EG]
e b SQG (CG
jb MCG e EFGH YHdG j H H h F f q Y (
h SA = 3cm M SAFI e SQG (1
QG EG dH [SA] dG If [S' A'] d (2
A' h S' dG q Y (CG
.HGL qY ? SAA'S' YHdG W g e (
SAA'S' YHdG Me MG (
SI = 2 cm
(FI)
FdG b dG je ADB e HG (1
q
YHQ g q G
BD = 2 cm h AB = 3cm M
YVCG q
je
(BD) G EG dH A If C dG HG -CG (2
3 f
.HGL qY ABCD YHdG W g e -

? [BD] dG EG dH (AC) G GPe - CG (3
ABCDYHdG d dG VdG SG -
? (AC) G EG dH ABC qG f g e -
? ABCD YHdG EG dH (AC) G PEG q GPe
192
: jd q G
q jd eG G .d XJ Q
.e Gee GdG -
ce dG dG q G M
jhGdG Qb q K EFG h EHG jhGdG Qb (CG
.HGL qY , FGH h HEF
jhGdG EG dH [EG) G f q GPe (
.HGL qY ? HEF
? q G jGhR H EG dH MJ GPe
I
4 f
VCG YHQ
: jd q G
.je HG jGhq dG .jGhR
GdG q
45
X
q G AH CG q K q dG Sq dG fG
G fh ce q O dG qCG Y GPEG
.YVCG MCG j [Ax)
? Y G
qd fK J LJ g
q
ABCD
50 jGhR iMEGh 3 cm
V qe SQG (CG
.q H WG IFGdG HG (
h 3 cm GH NOUR e SQG (CG

.Gq dG Y YVCG e L h K h J h I q dG q Y (
Xq dG Qh SG ) HGL qY ? IJKL YHq dG W g e (
.(d
4 cm
193
jGhR q YHQ Qg qHG

.je YVCGh Fb
.Fb T jhGR qe TOUR d

? J GPe .q G Gd iNCG jGhdG Oq M (CG
.SQG ? YHq dG Gg XJ Qh g e (
36m2 Me e T VQCG b
5 f
6 f
.jG bJ H U b GHh
? VQCG d G OHCG H g e (CG
? J q bCH VQCG b J e q dG q feEG g e (
? dG J VQCG b T EG q dH MJ GPe
: g XJ Qh HQCG Hq d
.YVC jq OdG SG
q
.jd eG G Wjh Geeh je GdG
.e
f Hq d
q UN
q Gh G
J
: ddG G e L c eCG zCN{ hCG zU{ `H LCG q K hG fG
e g Fb jGhR K d q YHQ
e g Hq G
Hq e g 5 Me e
q e g Hq G
a XJ GQ Hq d
.CG q K fG ,qbe Hq e KH qj q dG hG
Me
V
Hq G
bQ
2 cm
bQ
16,4 cm
bQ
36 dm
194
b Hq e q dG Sq dG q
? Me j c (CG
Qq dG OYH d qjJ b YCG (
6 cm
6cm
.SG dBd
: VC G RGe - II
(D)
A
VCG YHQ
'h
(D')
'
1 f
: Sq dG Gg M
dh
(D')h (D)
d q q dG q VdG Oq M (CG
? ABCD q YHq dG W g e
g VCG RGe
a iRGj BC
q YHQ BC h AD jdG Qb q K CD h AB ,jdG Qb (
He V q c ABCD q YHdG ce O q dG q Y q K Sq dG fG (
.q YHq dG Gg b EG q dH q dG q GPe
2 f
VCG RGe ie
q Qh Y SQG
.SCG dG
q qe g c AGLCG HQCG EG b
q qK
. H h I jhGq dG Qb q K O h I jhGq dG Qb (CG
? MJ GPe . L EG L J h I jhGq dG V (
IJOH
195
10
: jd VnCyG RGe
je He V q c je He jhGR q c ee JRhe jhGR qc e GdBG Wj A
H
A
M
1,5cm
J
VCG RGe e GAL Sq dG Gg q
qdG HG . D SCGq dG j M ABCD
D SQ hO [BD] e
YHq dG e q c dG
q Gg
.VCG RGe g SITE h SAMI h
qCG Y GPEG [GA] dG
q W MG
11 cm hj IMAGE G W
SAGE
I
3cm
S
G
.IMGh eSG Y d C h Bh A f K V
[BD] h [AC] Mh CD = AB h AD = BC H D q dG HG ( CG
.We
(AD) // (BC) h (AB) // (CD) qCG qM (
? J GPe
3 f
He V q c jJ GPEG
VCG RGe qfEa VCG YHQ
196
MN =6 cm H MNPQ
VCG RGe HG (CG

3 cm hj (PQ) Y N dG Hh NP = 5 cm h
.Me qK MNPQ MG (
4 f
IYdG AGL hJ VCG RGe Me b x h CG d aGG JQGh

V hj VCG RGe 2 (a + b) CG de V
VCG YHQ
J
M JENYVCG RGe HG (CG
RO = 3cm h MO = 5 cm M OMAR VCG RGe HG (
10 cm hJ Meh
? MJ GPe . OMAR h JENY Qb (
hj h RE = 5cm M EROS VCG RGe AH g (O
? 20 cm hJ Meh 16 cm
5 cm2 hJ Meh JY = 3 cm h JE = 5 cm
: ddG G e L c eCG zCN{ hCG zU{ `H LCG q K hG fG

je GdG VCG RGe
VCG RGe g q G
VCG RGe g G
XJ GQ d VCG RGe c
e a Fb VCG RGe jGhR iMEG fc GPEG
197
ee f e q h q e RGe e AH
EG J I fh e SQG ( CG
IJKL YHq dG j H L q dG Oq M q K Y K h J f V (
.VCG RGe
.ee f e q h q e RGe e AH q c SG (
198
VCG YHQ
199
.Fb jGhR VCG YHQ g G

: jd G
jeh jRGe He V c
q .e Wjh je GdG .je YVCG
q YHQ g G
q
: jd G
q
. e Gee GdG XJ Q q jd eG G .d
: jd G
q
.je HG jGhdG
q .jGhR
GdG q
je YVCGh Fb jGhR YHQ g Hy
q G
: g XJ Qh HQCG Hd
q
.YVC jOdG
SG
q
q
.jd eG G Wjh Geeh je GdG HG
q
.e
.He V c
q a RGj YHQ g VCG RGe
: jd VCG RGe
je He V c
q je He jhGR c
q ee de jhGR c
q qfEa He V c
q jJ GPEG ,VCG YHQ
.VCG RGe
hJ VCG RGe Me
b
b x h hj VCG RGe
2 (a +b)
`` ` ` jQ`` ` ` `
Qq JCG
ABI
qG Me Qb (CG
IJ SGh CID h
JIADYHq dG Me MG (
: q dG Sq dG eq CJ
B
M e g OEUF
FO = 4,2 h FU = 10,6
[OE] e M dG f
ME = a M
L
O
D
? ABCD YHdG W g e (CG

.gcPG ,e Iq Y SdG LJ (
JYb I Fb IJKL e T HG (CG 2
KL = 6 cm h IJ = 4 cm M [KL] h [IJ]
IL = 4 cm h
M q dG HG q K [JL] e O SQG (
(KL) Y J d OdG G
qG Me a dH MG (1
KM dG MG EMU
.IMGh eSG Y M hO h I q dG qCG KCG -B
a
qG Me dH MG (
MOU
Me MG (
MOU h EMU qG
? MJ GPe
EMU Me d a L (O
.je MOU h
KI = 4 cm M MIKE q Sh e HG
IE = 5 cm h
ABCD M qdG dG
q M
BI = 5 h BC = 6 h DC = 8 h
200
. SI > LA H AILS q e SQG 10
b e U h R dG Oq M
RAUL j H [SI] G
. Hq e
Mh I ce q e g POTE 11
.ePUCE M q dG dG
q M 6
CE = 4 h TC = 2 qCG f
.qG Gg SQG . TOI = 45

? J GPe
TOCh TAC h TIC qG Me L
? MJ GPe
12
YH
dG
SC
G
S
dG
ABCD
q
q
ABE Gh VCG RGe
TO = 5 cm H FORTq e HG (CG 7
hj EC M VCG je
QcdGh IG e FR =4cm h
EB K
VCG YHQ
.a
FORT Me MG (
RI = 5 cm
.Hq e
BIEN
qe HGp
RAE = 60 h
M q dG Sq dG M
RAIE
ECU L (CG
ECU qG W SG (
EA
V gAUD
h EU Qb (
qCG qH (O
ECU
[NE] e g U dG qCG q H (1
(TU) h (CR) G qCG q H (2
.Gee
? TRUC YHq dG W ge (3
201
MG (CG (1
.HGL qe zCN{ hCG zGU{ `H cCG 13
RGe g jRGe V d YHQ q c (1
BA = BC qCG KCG (
.VCG
AED jhGq dG e
q [Ey) HG (CG (2
.e g Fb jGhR d YHQ qc (2
.F [Ax) j dqGh
.VCG RGe g e q c (3
AEF MG (
.e g Hq e q c (4
? AEF qG W g e (
.Hq e g q e q c (5
MG e e q c Y LCG 15 e cCG e T jGhR (6
3
zCN{ hCG zGU{ `H dq dG
.e jGhR
qEa e ABCD c GPEG (1 .q e g Gee Gb VCG q YHQ q c (7
AC = BD
.Gee Gb e g Hq e q c (8
VCG RGe ABCD c GPEG (2
(AB) // (AD) qEa
14
RGe ABDE M q dG Sq dG M
qEa q e ABCD c GPEG (3
BAE jhGq dG e
q [Ax)h VCG
AC = BD h (AC) (BD)
qEa Hq e ABCD c GPEG (4
CAE
AC = BD
h (AB) // (CD)
VCG RGe ABCD c GPEG (5

qHe ABCD qa AC= BD h
KBEA M dG dG f 16
VCG jRGe BACK h

O
C
A
202
EA = AC CG Hu (1
OBAK W ge (CG (2
Hq e NOIR M q dG Sq dG M 18
K qCG qH ?
[OE] e B qCGh [OC]
VCG YHQ
e
VCG RGe e dG Lj c (
.? e T eh
KBEC G T Me g e (
? 750 m2g OCE qG Me qCG Y GPEG
.Hq e BLEU YHdG qCG q H (CG RGe ABCD M q dG Sq dG M

Hq H G (C) IFGq dG f ( AB = 15 h FG = 10 Mh VCG
j NOIR Hq G qCG q H . BLEU
(C) IFGdH
AGdG
q Md q jJ b YCG (
RU = 1,5cm qCG Y GPEG
BACH
M q dG Sq dG M
M ce I h qe
BE = AE = RA = HO = SH
q CG q H (CG (1
ARIE YHq dG W SG (
(RE) `d qdG qVdG ge (
? (BC) h
RI = RA = EI
203
19
VCG RGe Me g e (GC

IJ = 2 qCG Y IK Y HG (
ABI qG Me L (
? MJ GPe . DCI h
BAM qG Me L (O
.? J GPe . DCM h
ABCD
17
PCd q G jdG MG (CG

.q HQdG d G
AG Gd qG GdG g e (
? q HQdG e
(RE) `d qdG qVdG ge (O
? (SO) h
.jRGe (RO) h (ES) qCG q H (2
? ROSE YHq dG W g e (3
f g ROSE Me qCG qH (4
BACH Me
J dG
q e q HQR d (5
:(1SQ fG) qdG PCG Y AM
1 qdG M PCG :1 SQ
10
1
50
: 2 S
qdG M q HQdG e A J
6 cm
4,5 cm
204
FdG QTG
jq FG
q dG fGSG
FdG QTG I
FdG jq FGdG fGSEG II
FdG QTG - I
: dqdG G
M
q
1 f
Nq dG G
bQ IFGH MCG ( CG
q
.G
q d cG UG
cG (
q
q
: jd FdG QTG
je qe g JYdG e g q fG LhCG JQGh je FdG QTd q fG MCG .JYdG H UGdG aMCG W g
206
FdG jq FG
q dG fGSEG - FdG QTG
: dqdG G
M
q
2 f
CG q K q dG hG fG (CG
dG OY
S
OY
MCG
OY
LhCG
T
LhCG
T
IYdG
G
q
Fb KK QTe
qe
G RGe
? MJ GPe
F+S-A
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229

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Maths Cours 7ème Année

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