Differential Calculus

Theorems on Limits
f ( x) lim f ( x)
1. lim c  c 6. lim  xa
xa xa g ( x) lim g ( x)
xa

2. lim x  a 7. lim n f ( x)  n lim f ( x)

 
x a x a x a

3. lim cf ( x)  c lim f ( x) 8. lim  f ( x)  lim f ( x)

n n
x a x a xa xa

4. lim  f ( x)  g ( x)  lim f ( x)  lim g ( x)

1
9. lim n  0
x a x a x a x  x

5. lim  f ( x)  g ( x)  lim f ( x)  lim g ( x)

1
10. lim n  
x a x a x a x 0 x

Special Trigonometric Limits

sin x 1  cos x
1. lim 1 2. lim 0
x 0 x x0 x

Derivative of Functions

Algebraic Functions
du dv
v u
d d u dx dx
1. (c )  0 6. ( )
dx dx v v2
du
d d
2. ( x)  1 7. ( u )  dx
dx dx 2 u
d du d n du
3. (cu)  c 8. (u )  nu n1
dx dx dx dx
d du dv d 1  n du
4. (u  v)   9. ( n )  n1
dx dx dx dx u u dx
d dv du
5. (uv)  u  v
dx dx dx

Trigonometric Functions
d du d du
1. (sin u)  cos u 4. (cot u)   csc2 u
dx dx dx dx
d du d du
2. (cos u)   sin u 5. (secu)  sec u tan u
dx dx dx dx
d du d du
3. (tan u )  sec2 u 6. (cscu)   csc u cot u .
dx dx dx dx
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
d 1 du d 1 du
1. ( Arc sin u )   4. ( Arc cot u )   
dx 1  u dx
2 dx 1  u dx
2

d 1 du d 1 du
2. ( Arc cos u )    5. ( Arc sec u )  
dx 1  u 2 dx dx u u 2  1 dx
d 1 du d 1 du
3. ( Arc tan u )   6. ( Arc sec u )   
dx 1  u dx
2
dx u u 2  1 dx

Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

d u du d 1 du
1. (a )  a u (ln a)  3. (log b u)  (log b e)
dx dx dx u dx
d u du d 1 du
2. (e )  e u  4. (ln u )  
dx dx dx u dx

Variable with Variable Exponent

d v d
(u )  u v (v ln u)
dx dx

Hyperbolic Functions
d du d du
1. (sinh u )  cosh u 4. (coth u)   csc h 2 u
dx dx dx dx
d du d du
2. (cosh u)  sinh u 5. (sec hu)   sec hu tanh u
dx dx dx dx
d du d du
3. (tanh u)  sec h 2 u 6. (csc hu)   csc hu coth u .
dx dx dx dx

Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

d 1 du d 1 du
1. (sinh 1 u )   4. (coth 1 u )   
dx u  1 dx
2 dx 1  u dx
2

d 1 du d 1 du
2. (cosh 1 u )   5. (sec h 1u )   
dx u  1 dx
2 dx u 1 u2 dx
d 1 du d 1 du
3. (tanh 1 u )   6. (csc h 1u )   
dx 1  u dx
2
dx u 1 u2 dx