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Ukxfjdrk La'Kksèku Dkuwu&2019 RF, Oa Oklrfodrk
Ukxfjdrk La'Kksèku Dkuwu&2019 RF, Oa Oklrfodrk
© izdk'kd
ladyu %
vk'kqrks"k HkVukxj
nsos'k [k.Msyoky
izFke laLdj.k %
tuojh] 2020
ewY; % 25
ISBN : 978-81-935032-7-0
fo"k;&lwph
1- çLrkouk 5
2- i`"BHkwfe 13
yk[kksa yksxksa dks fgalk vkSj foLFkkiu dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA blls Hkh
cM+h la[;k mu yksxksa dh Fkh tks fofHkUu dkj.kksa ls foLFkkfir ugha
gq,A blesa ,d vksj ftUuk dk oknk Fkk ftlesa mUgksaus ikfdLrku esa jg
jgs vYila[;dksa dks lqj{kk vkSj lekurk dk fo'okl fnyk;k Fkk rks
nwljh vksj bu yksxksa us vius iM+ksfl;ksa ds lkFk ihf<+;ksa iqjkus fj'rs ij
Hkjkslk fd;k vkSj [kqn dks HkkX; ds Hkjksls NksM+ fn;kA nksuksa gh
fLFkfr;ksa esa mUgsa ?kksj fujk'kk gkFk yxhA tYn gh mudh vkLFkkvksa ij
geys gksus yxs vkSj muds vfLrRo dks gh lekIr djus dh dksf'k'ksa
'kq: gks x;haA
dkaxzsl esa iVsy tSls ;FkkFkZoknh usrk tgka igys ls gh bldh
vk'kadk O;Dr dj jgs Fks ogha egkRek xk¡èkh Hkh l'kafdr FksA ia- usg:
vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ksa us Hkh oLrqfLFkfr dk vkdyu dj lekèkku dh
vksj dne c<+k;k vkSj usg:&fy;kdr le>kSrk lkeus vk;k ftlesa
nksuksa ns'kksa us vius ;gka jg jgs vYila[;dksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk djus
dh ckr dghA Hkkjr us bl le>kSrs dk ,d rjiQk ikyu fd;kA ns'k
esa iQyrk&iQwyrk eqfLye leqnk; bldk xokg gSA nwljh vksj ikfdLrku
esa lewpk lÙkk çfr"Bku gh vYila[;d fojksèk ij mrj vk;k ftldk
urhtk gS fd ikfdLrku esa vkt 1947 dh rqyuk esa fgUnqvksa dh
la[;k 10 çfr'kr Hkh ugha cphA 'ks"k 90 çfr'kr fgUnw ;k rks cykr~
erkUrfjr dj fy;s x;s] ekj fn;s x;s vFkok iyk;u djus ds fy,
foo'k gq,A ;gh fLFkfr bZlkbZ] fl[k vkSj ckS¼ leqnk;ksa dh Hkh gqbZA
ckaXykns'k ds fuekZ.k ds ckn ;g mEehn txh Fkh fd de&ls&de ogk¡
ij fgUnqvksa ij gksus okys neu ij yxke yxsxh ysfdu tYnh gh
mlus Hkh vius&vki dks bLykfed ns'k ?kksf"kr dj fn;k vkSj ,d ckj
fiQj neu pØ pkyw gks x;kA
vkadM+ksa dh ckr djsa rks foHkktu ds le; ikfdLrku esa fgUnw]
fl[k] ckS¼ vkSj tSu leqnk; ogka dh rRdkyhu dqy vkcknh dk 23
çfr'kr Fks] tks 72 o"kZ i'pkr~ ?kVdj 1-5&2 çfr'kr jg x, gSaA o"kZ
ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu&2019 rF; ,oa okLrfodrk | 7
Hkkjr esa gSa fdUrq ukxfjd vfèkdkjksa ds vHkko esa igpku fNik dj
jgus vkSj ukjdh; thou thus ds fy;s foo'k gSA dqN yksx rks n'kdksa
ls ,slk gh thou th jgs gSa ftUgsa dsoy ;g larks"k gS fd os reke
lqfoèkkvksa ls oafpr jg dj Hkh viuh vkLFkkvksa dk ikyu djrs gq,
vius iqj[kksa dh èkjrh ij thfor gSA ,sls yksxksa dks ukxfjd vfèkdkj
lqfuf'pr djus rFkk vkRelEeku ds lkFk thus dk volj u;s dkuwu
}kjk fn;k x;k gSA ;g fiNys 72 o"kksaZ esa blds lkFk fd;s x;s vU;k;
vFkok ikiksa dk ifjektZu gSA
,d vPNs mís'; ls yk;s x;s bl dkuwu dk fojksèk laln ds
Hkhrj vkSj ckgj] nksuksa txg fd;k x;kA jktuSfrd nyksa us bls ys dj
ftl çdkj dh çfrfØ;k nh mlus ;g Li"V dj fn;k fd jktuSfrd
:i ls vaèk&eksnh fojksèk dks os Hkkjr fojksèk ds pjefcUnq rd ys tk
ldrs gSaA jktèkkuh fnYyh lfgr ns'k ds vusd Hkkxksa esa gq, çn'kZuksa
us fgald :i fy;kA tku&eky vkSj ljdkjh lEifÙk dk Hkkjh uqdlku
gqvkA
ukxfjdrk la'kksèku fcy 2019 dks ysdj Hkked lwpuk,a iQSyk;h
x;haA rF;ksa ls ijs eqfLye lekt dks vk'kafdr djus vkSj Mjkus okyh
lkexzh ls lks'ky ehfM;k dks ikV fn;k x;kA ns'k ds pqfuank fo'ofo|ky;
vkSj efLtnsa bu xfrfofèk;ksa dk dsUæ cuhaA Nk=kksa vkSj ;qokvksa dks
HkM+dk dj mUgsa fgalk ds fy;s çsfjr fd;k x;kA reke foi{kh ny
vjktd rRoksa ds leFkZu esa [kM+s utj vk;s ogha fdlh us Hkh fgalk
vkSj vjktdrk dh fuUnk ugha dhA
;qok Hkkoqd gksrk gS] vius vfèkdkjksa ds fy;s yM+us dks rRij
gksrk gS] vkSj tc og HkhM+ esa gksrk rks 'kfDr Hkh çkIr dj ysrk gSA
,sls le; esa mls HkM+dk dj vuFkZ vkSj vjktdrk dh vksj èkdsy
nsuk ljy gSA voljoknh jktuhfr bu ;qokvksa dks vkxs j[k dj vius
jktuSfrd fgr lkèkus dh dksf'k'k djrh gSA fiNys dqN le; ls ge
10 | ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu&2019 rF; ,oa okLrfodrk
yxkrkj ,slh ?kVuk,a ns[k jgs gSa ftuesa ;qokvksa dks HkM+dkus dk dke
jktuSfrd laj{k.k ikus okys VqdM+s&VqdM+s xSax dh vxqvkbZ esa fd;k tk
jgk gSA vkbZ,lvkbZ tSlh ckgjh 'kfDr;k¡ tgka lekt esa lkEçnkf;d
tgj ?kksyus esa yxkrkj lfØ; gSa ogha jktuSfrd c<+r gkfly djus
ds fy;s fofHkUu jktusrk vkSj muds ny bu xfrfofèk;ksa esa fyIr
vjktd rRoksa dks laj{k.k nsrs gSaA bl xBtksM+ dks oSpkfjd [kkn&ikuh
nsus dk dke dfFkr okeiaFkh cqf¼thfo;ksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA ts,u;w]
tkfe;k] ,,e;w vkSj tknoiqj fo'ofo|ky; tSls çfrf"Br f'k{kk
laLFkku buds dsUæ cus gSaA
ns'k esa vkt tks oSpkfjd foHkze iQSyk gS mldh tM+ esa dsoy
vjktd xBtksM+ gh ugha cfYd bu cqf¼thfo;ksa dh ;g le> gS fd
1947 esa foHkktu ds ckn tkrs le; vaxzst tks VqdM+ksa esa caVk Hkkjr
dkaxzsl usr`Ro dks lkSai dj x;s ogh vafre lR; gSA ia- usg: Hkh bls
^us'ku bu esfdax* dgrs FksA ;g lHkh ekurs Fks fd Hkkjr ,d dksjh
LysV gS ftl ij fodkl dh u;h bckjr fy[kuk mudh ftEesnkjh gS
vkSj vaxzstksa ds jktuSfrd] oSpkfjd mÙkjkfèkdkjh gksus ds ukrs mudk
vfèkdkj HkhA ;gha ls leL;k dk tUe gksrk gSA
lR; ;g gS fd Hkkjr dksbZ dksjh LysV ugha cfYd gtkjksa o"kksaZ
ds bfrgkl dks lesVs ,d thoar lH;rk gSA ;g vesfjdk dh rjg
dksbZ vkbfM;k ugha ftls yk[kksa ewy fuokfl;ksa dh gR;k djds ykxw
fd;k x;k vkSj fofHkUu ns'kksa ds chp gq, lkewfgd le>kSrs ds pyrs
tks ,d jk"Vª cuk gS] vFkok ikfdLrku dh rjg dk dksbZ ns'k Hkh ugha
ftldk tUe fdlh vkSj ns'k dh laln esa ikfjr fd;s x;s vfèkfu;e
ls gqvk gSA Hkkjr ;qxksa dh lkaLÑfrd ;k=kk ls fodflr gqvk nqfu;k¡
dk çkphure jk"Vª gS ftlds thus dk viuk rjhdk gSA
ik¡p gtkj o"kksaZ ls vfèkd ds fujarj bfrgkl esa ,d jk"Vª ds
:i esa HkkSxksfyd vkSj lkaLÑfrd igpku dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s
ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu&2019 rF; ,oa okLrfodrk | 11
yk[kksa cfynku fn;s x;s gSaA xr 1200 o"kksaZ ds fujarj la?k"kZ esa ns'k
ds gj {ks=k us viuk ;ksxnku fd;k gSA lokZfèkd vkØe.k mÙkj if'pe
lhek dh vksj ls gq, gSa vkSj bl lhekUr ij jgus okys yksxksa us Hkkjr
dks cpk;s j[kus esa tks ;ksxnku fd;k gS mldh fo'o bfrgkl esa dksbZ
rqyuk ugha gSA mUgha j.kck¡dqjksa ds oa'kt os fgUnw fl[k gSa tks vkt
ikfdLrku esa ukjdh; thou thus ij foo'k gSa] vkSj ftuds fy;s u;s
ukxfjdrk la'kksèku foèks;d esa dqN çfØ;kxr tfVyrkvksa dks ljy
dj Hkkjr us vius drZO; dk ikyu fd;k gSA
;g lnSo Lej.k j[kuk pkfg;s fd ikfdLrku esa pkj ihf<+;ksa
rd vieku vkSj ihM+k lg dj Hkh Hkkjr dks viuh Hkwfe ekuus okys
bu fulgk;ksa ds iwoZtksa dk Hkkjr ½.kh gSA foHkktu ds ifj.kkeLo:i
ogka vfHk'kIr thou thus ds fy;s foo'k fd;s x;s bu yksxksa us
ikfdLrku dk pquko ugha fd;k FkkA foHkktu ds igys Hkh os Hkkjrh;
Fks vkSj vkt Hkh eu ls Hkkjrh; gSaA ikfdLrku mu ij Fkksik x;kA
yanu ls rhu eghus ds fy;s Hkkjr vk;s jsMfDyiQ uke ds ,d vaxzst
us Hkkjr ds ekufp=k ij yky isafly ls ,d js[kk [khap dj gtkjksa o"kksaZ
ds lkaLÑfrd lacaèkksa dh lekfIr dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA lkaLÑfrd le>
ds Lrj ij fnokfy;k dfFkr çxfr'khy cqf¼thfo;ksa us bls vafre
lR; ds :i esa u dsoy Lohdkj fd;k vfirq tks bls Lohdkj djus
dks rS;kj ugha Fks mUgsa ykafNr djus dk vfHk;ku Hkh çkjaHk fd;kA
iz/kuea=kh ujsUæ eksnh vkt Hkkjrh; fparu ds jktuSfrd çrhd
ds :i esa fo'oiVy ij mHkjs gSaA ,sls lHkh rRo ftuds futh vkSj
jktuSfrd fgr jk"Vªh;rk ds bl mHkkj vkSj Hkkjrh; ns'kHkDr lekt
}kjk blds Lohdkj ds dkj.k [krjs esa vk x;s gSa os lHkh Hkkjrfojksèkh
bl vfHk;ku esa vk tqVs gSaA vkf[kjh gfFk;kj ds :i esa os fgalk dk
ç;ksx dj jgs gSaA os fiQj Hkwy jgs gSa fd fgalk ds cy ij bl ns'k
dks u bLyke >qdk ldk vkSj u vaxzst] blfy;s mudk ;g nkao Hkh
ckj&ckj [kkyh tk jgk gS vkSj ;gh mudh [kh> dk dkj.k gSA
12 | ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu&2019 rF; ,oa okLrfodrk
i`"BHkwfe
D;ksa\ bldk mÙkj gS fd eqlyeku ds lkFk dksbZ HksnHkko ugha gks jgk
gS vkSj u gksxkA vkt ns'k ds tks ukxfjd gSa muesa ls ,d Hkh
eqlyeku dks dksbZ rdyhiQ ;k vlqfoèkk ugha gksxh vkSj u mldh
ns'kHkfDr ij dksbZ vk'kadk mBsxhA ;g ç'u Hkkjr ds ukxfjdksa dk gS
gh ughaA bldk lacaèk rhu ns'kksa ls vk, gq, 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ls gSA
nqfu;k esa dksbZ Hkh ns'k ukxfjdrk vklkuh ls ugha nsrkA gj ns'k
ds vius dkuwu gSa vkSj gj ns'k esa voSèk ?kqliSfB;ksa dh igpku dj
mUgsa okil Hkstk tkrk gSA ;g izfØ;k nqfu;k Hkj esa viukbZ tkrh gSA
Hkkjr us Hkh tc ogh uhfr viukbZ rks ml ij vkifÙk djrs gSaA vkSj
vHkh rks ,uvkjlh (NRC) dh :ijs[kk Hkh lkeus ugha vkbZ gSA vHkh
ls fookn iSnk djuk nqHkkZX;iw.kZ vkSj jktuhfr ls çsfjr gSA vkèkkj dkMZ
dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ rks dbZ yksx dgrs Fks fd xjhc dgka ls dkxt
yk,xk\ igpku dSls crk,xk\ dgka ls çfØ;k iwjh dj ldsxk\ vkt
10 lky ckn ge ns[k jgs gSa fd Hkkjr ds yxHkx lHkh ukxfjdksa us
vkèkkj dkMZ çkIr dj fy;k gSA vk'kadk mBkus okyksa ls T;knk
gksf'k;kjh ls lkekU; turk dke djrh gS] ;gh bldk vFkZ gSA vHkh
dsoy ukxfjdrk la'kksèku dkuwu vk;k gSA ,uvkjlh dh dsoy ppkZ
gSA ftls ysdj fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd dks Mjus vFkok lEHkzfer
gksus dh t:jr ugha gSA
18 | ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu&2019 rF; ,oa okLrfodrk
usg:] dkaxzsl)
l nwljk la'kksèku&26 fnlacj] 1960 (çèkkuea=kh tokgjyky
usg:] dkaxzsl)
l rhljk la'kksèku&7 fnlacj] 1985 (çèkkuea=kh jktho xk¡èkh]
dkaxlsz )
l pkSFkk la'kksèku&15 ebZ] 1986 (çèkkuea=kh jktho xk¡èkh]
dkaxlsz )
l ikapok la'kksèku&1 tqykbZ] 1987 (çèkkuea=kh jktho xk¡èkh]
dkaxlsz )
l NBk la'kksèku&10 fnlacj] 1992 (çèkkuea=kh ih-oh- ujflEgk
jko] dkaxzsl)
l lkroka la'kksèku&3 fnlacj] 2004 (çèkkuea=kh eueksgu
flag] dkaxzsl)
l vkBok¡ la'kksèku&28 twu] 2005 (çèkkuea=kh eueksgu flag]
dkaxlsz )
l uoka la'kksèku&6 tuojh] 2015 (çèkkuea=kh] ujsUæ eksnh]
Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ)
ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu&2019 rF; ,oa okLrfodrk | 21
^bLykfed* ns'k&rkuk'kkgh]
cgqyrkokn vkSj vkradokn
tsihlh esa yksd lHkk vkSj jkT; lHkk ds lHkh çeq[k nyksa
dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA
tkWbaV ikfyZ;kesaVªh desVh ds vè;{k jktsaæ vxzoky (esjB]
Hkktik) FksA (desVh ds vè;{k MkW- lR;iky flag Fks] ysfdu ckn esa
mUgsa dsaæh; eaf=keaMy esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA blfy, 25 fnlacj]
2017 dks jktsaæ vxzoky vè;{k cusA blds vykok gjoa'k ukjk;.k
flag 9 vxLr] 2019 dks jkT; lHkk ds milHkkifr pqus x, blfy,
mudk LFkku [kkyh jgkA)
l yksdlHkk ls Hkktik ds jeu Msdk (eaxynksbZ] vle)]
çg~ykn osadVs'k tks'kh (èkkjokM+] d.kkZVd)] dke[;k çlkn
rklk (tksjgV] vle)] xksiky fpuk;~;k 'ksê~Vh (eqacbZ&mÙkj]
egkjk"Vª) vkse fcjyk (dksVk] jktLFkku)] tqxy fd'kksj
'kekZ (tEew] tEew vkSj d'ehj)] MkW- fdjhV ih- lksyadh
(vgenkckn&if'pe] xqtjkr)] lquhy dqekj flag (prjk]
>kj[kaM)] ehuk{kh ys[kh (ubZ fnYyh] fnYyh) vkSj lq'khy
dqekj flag (vkSjaxkckn] fcgkj)
l dkaxzsl ls vèkhj jatu pkSèkjh (cgjkeiqj] if'pe caxky)
vkSj lqf"erk nso (flypj] vle)
l vkWy bafM;k vUuk æfoM+ equs=k dM+xe ls MkW- ih- os.kqxksiky
(fr#oYyqoj] rfeyukMq)
l vky bafM;k r`.kewy dkaxzsl ls lkSxr jkW; (nene] if'pe
caxky)
l chtw turk ny ls HkrZgfj egrkc (dVd] vksfM'kk)
l rsyxw ns'ke ikVhZ ls ds- jke eksgu uk;Mw (Jhdkdqye]
vkaèkz çns'k)
36 | ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu&2019 rF; ,oa okLrfodrk
ukxfjdrk dkuwu
l MkW- Hkhe jko vkacsMdj us 10 vxLr] 1949 dks ukxfjdrk
ls lacfèkr vuqPNsn 5 dks Hkkjr dh lafoèkku lHkk ds
le{k is'k fd;kA mUgksaus xouZesaV vkWiQ bafM;k ,DV] 1935
ds vuqlkj ukxfjdrk dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k] ^^tks Hkkjr esa
iSnk gqvk vFkok ftlds ekrk&firk (vfHkHkkod) Hkkjrh;
{ks=k esa iSnk gq, Fks vFkok de&ls&de 5 lky ds fy,
Hkkjr ds lkekU; ukxfjd jgsa] rqjar bl çfØ;k ds vkjaHk
gksus ds ckn Hkkjr ds ukxfjd cu ldrs gSA** ckcklkgc
us ikfdLrku ls vkus okys fgUnw vkSj fl[kksa dks Hkh Hkkjrh;
ukxfjdrk nsus dh laoSèkkfud O;oLFkk dh FkhA mUgksaus 19
tqykbZ] 1948 ls igys foLFkkfir gq, yksxksa dks Hkkjrh;
ukxfjd cukus dk çLrko 'kkfey fd;k FkkA lkFk gh]
mijksDr rkjh[k ds ckn tks yksx Hkkjr dh ukxfjdrk dk
vkosnu dj pqds Fks] mUgsa Hkh ukxfjdrk nh x;h FkhA vkt
Hkh lafoèkku dh çfr esa ;g O;oLFkk i<+us dks fey tk,xhA
l blh rtZ ij orZeku dsUæ ljdkj us 31 fnlacj] 2014
rd Hkkjr esa ikfdLrku] viQxkfuLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k ls
èkkfeZd :i ls çrkfM+r vYila[;dksa dks ukxfjdrk nsus ds
fy, ukxfjdrk dkuwu esa ,d la'kksèku fd;k gSA ;g ogh
ukxfjdrk dkuwu gS] ftls MkW- lkgc us lafoèkku lHkk esa
48 | ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu&2019 rF; ,oa okLrfodrk
l vt; ekdu] x`g jkT; ea=kh us yksd lHkk esa 4 ebZ] 2010
dks c;ku fn;k] ^^NPR dk MkVkcsl rS;kj vkSj igpku
i=k tkjh gksus ds ckn] ns'k esa voS/ fonsf'k;ksa vkSj
?kqliSfB;ksa dh igpku dh tk,xhA**
l xq#nkl dker] x`g jkT; ea=kh us yksd lHkk esa 1 ekpZ]
2011 dks crk;k fd jkT; ,oa dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k ukxfjdrk
ds lR;kiu ds fy, rRdky dne mBk ldrs gSA blds
fy, LFkkuh; iqfyl dh lgk;rk Hkh yh tk ldrh gSA
l ftrsaæ flag] x`g jkT; ea=kh us yksd lHkk esa 28 vxLr]
2012 dks crk;k fd NRIC (National Register of Indian
Citizen) dh fn'kk esa NPR igyk dne gSA (ml nkSjku
NRC dks NRIC dgk x;k Fkk)
;wih, ds le; NPR esa nLrkostksa dk ladyu
l dkaxzsl Hkze iQSyk jgh gS fd NPR esa dsaæ ljdkj yksxksa ds
nLrkost ekax jgh gSA tcfd bl O;oLFkk dh 'kq#vkr
muds dk;Zdky esa gqbZ FkhA
l vkjih,u flag] x`g jkT; ea=kh us 23 vçSy] 2013 dks
yksd lHkk esa crk;k] ^^NPR esa 15 çdkj ds tulkaf[;dh;
MkVk dks ladfyr fd;k tk,xkA ftlesa 1- O;fDr dk uke]
2- eqf[k;k ls laca/] 3- fyax] 4- tUe frfFk] 5- oSokfgd
fLFkfr] 6- 'kSf{kd ;ksX;rk] 7- O;olk;&xfrfof/] 8- firk
dk uke] 9- ekrk dk uke] 10- ifr@iRuh dk uke]
11- tUe LFkku] 12- jk"Vªh;rk] 13- fuokl dk orZeku
irk] 14- orZeku fuokl ij jgus dh vof/ vkSj
15- LFkk;h vkoklA
l ml nkSjku yksxksa ds ck;kseSfVªd fjdkMZ~l Hkh NPR esa
'kkfey fd, tkus çLrkfor FksA
ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu&2019 rF; ,oa okLrfodrk | 53