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.[8-6] B # & .] 18-836 0 I \' &0 hP , * # BI

(# # ; < ;', ; < &0 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P \'` c -4

: (#', 6 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P / 0 ( #' ;E ( 50) O ,6 & E & 6

@ & 6 (#f 6C . g $ &# ( 9'P * # 0# A& # # 9 .B # .5#0 0' 4 $P 0# &

2 ( 9'P 2 0# A& - @ & 6 W / 6 / 2# '@ 6 -B # .5#0 @ W5' B 4Z

2 ( 9'P 0# & & &0 # z & SW 0 : 8# C/B 0 .B # .9 W #f9# = A 0 @

-B3 < W #f9# -= A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P # # 9 W #f9# :8# #O& $ / B # 0#0•& &' / &0 = A 0 @

= A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P # # 9 S @# .l , † I 8# N . # † 9 W #f9# -2& @ ( 8O W #f9#

c I† 9 2& @ -B3 < , ‡A 5 (# # 9 W #f9# # - 0 ( #& .6 k #f9# &

&0 z 8# 5 20 8 I z * # .B # A# † 0 &0 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P 2 '@ ,5 & 6

(. 6 2# ? - .5e@&0 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P 8# 2& 6 (' / .B # 0'6 ( 9'P * # l , hP ,

2& @ -T B O#&U .5&0 c 0 6 hP , * # 8# . A 6 2 ( 9'P .B # 0'6 9E N 5

#' ;E O# z c 0 6 -W 0 : 8# W 6 # . # .5#0 2 . / N . # O& `

2& 6- 0 2' 8# ;E T6 , 8# & 6 B5#0 6 # 2 _ P 4 ' ' : 8# : A

0' 0 # #& ]S'/ 2 ( 6 6 0 ] A 6 & * , #* 6 &0 0' ' ;'P I#' ;7 8#

8# hP , * # O 6' & [, .B # 0'6 A# 2 N &0 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P 8# 2& 6l , /B #

14
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-0 8 B3 < 2& @ 6 .9& 7 6 ' &0 20 8 \ &# / B # #0f & & O 6' &

.[6] ,6 N . # 20 8 & 6 2 B9

0 W #f9# M$ - &0 2 : A M ` &0 #' ;E O# z f A#0 &0

2 c' 3 6E ( / 2 _ P 8# 2&#0 6 6 & ,/ &0 O# z * # .B # 5 * 8 i! B6'P& W /

- 5 , ;E T6 , 8# ' # < & 6 B5#0 6 6 / 2& 6E 2 ]$5 o# I# -;E N . #

/B # 5 hP , 8# 2& 6 &0 @ W5' *.9& * 6 8# ;'P 6E _'! W / j 6

c #' 8# : /* # 8# 3 L .B # .5#0 N $ 0 6 #& = A 0 @ ' A#0 2 (' / 2 @c]5

z M$ c #' * # - &#0 S = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P &0 # 2 _ P C `# z

W5' B6'P& - 0 :8# #O& $ /- # 5=A 0 @ ' 2 (' / W # &0 k‰ . #& &0

.[6] @

.B # 5 .A ,5 2 # - 0'6 2# H @ 2 8 @ & . # 8# 5 &'P 6 / * 8 2 0 W #f9#

. @( . 6 5 %x' : A 6 / P &0 O . -Y .H hP , &0 0 W #f9# * # (#f

* 6 8# M$ -B # # f : A I#' &0 6 B6'P& W / 6 M <# / 0 W #f9# * # .B #

0 W #f9# .0'5 =A 0 @ ' 2 (' / 2 @c]5 B &0 @ W5' & *.9&

], # 6 ' 6 .0'6 #'A # @ W5' *.9& * 6 8# 6 4 $P &'P 6 I &0 B6'P& W /

W W5' * # *.9& * 6 8# -0&#0 W 9 8# 2 @' = A B $} &0 W @ W5'

5 I &0 @ W5' *.9& * 6 8# .0&#0 = A 0 @ 2 (' / c ] #8( 6 6 &0 # # 9

* C 8# ;'P hP , 6E ( @0 5 -C 34 #&' ('S ;7 5 : A 2 WH6

.[10 9 6] B # A# 2 N &0 A#0 2 (' / F . @ c 70

15
#& &' / ; < ;', ; < &0 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P ' &0 k‰ c #' c - /&'P 6

:0 / A 8 WH6 & S &0 (#'

!, 2 : A &' / ; < ;', ; < = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P * 6 !6#& (Y #

&' / ; < ;', ; < &0 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P ' l , &A A#0 2 (' / C (;

&' / ; < ;', ; < = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P &0 BA ( # 4 $P c #' C (X

&' / ; < ;', ; < &0 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P , E , 6W (0

.B # 5 .A#0 WH6 * # 8# : i Z' 6 #0# &0

:B_\ # ! J b ( W( # !G A ^ H% B\
- A# N 25 P hP , * # &0 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P : A ‡A 5 6 g'6 & E & 6 6

W #f9# f = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P ## 9 O 5- : A 6 / 0'5 ‡H _'Z 6

Z'I * # 2 A0 & 6E W / 6 / 0' ' . ' * # &0 (#' #& # * # B .B # .9

(E ( 5 : A 6 .9 W / ;7 6E 2 , B6'P& -&' / ( 6 ( &0 &0 f 6E

.[6] ,6 4 ' = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P l , 2 (' / - #8( 6 6 …

W( # !G A ^ %J & c ( ( # !G , Z]
:
.B (E k# †, #0 B3 < -2& @ &0 &A A#0 l , 6 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P #O

2&'P 6 ,. 0 . @ k# , #0 ^7' 4 . / B3 < - . 6 2& @ 2#&#0 & A l , 6 2 ( 9'P

. ,,/ U' C &' / 2f/ 2 ( . # @ ,5 6 .5#0 2& @ C 8 &3 .I B # *] /

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B3 < . ,5 6 2 . / k# , #0 . 6 B3 < - . / 2& @ 2#&#0 ^7' 4 A#0 l , 6 2 ( 9'P

. & f 0&# . # I 6# 6 50 8# W 6 @ ( 9'P \' * #

C 5 5% #O ? 6 ' 6- &A A#0 l , 6 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P C 0&' &0

6 2 ( 9'P C / B @ (#' O ? * # 6 ] 6 # -0 / ‡H (#'. ^ `0 #& : /

f (E & .9 W #f9# A#0 l , 6 2 ( 9'P C A# 2 N &0 *] .B # . 6 &Al ,

.[7 6] B # W #f9# N I &0

: W( # !G A ^ 0( G 1, I% ^ Z]

(E 0& E W / j 6 -( A0 &) ?! ;E T6 , d'"A 6 ;E T6 , 8# I8#W 6 2 B5#0 6

/ 5 B 0* 6E 2 , ;7 - %'6B 8 6 20 & ;E C I W / j 6 B &0 5

(#'.6 5 .B (' / * # 8# = A 0 @ *. A 6 #8( 6 6 - , *#( 5: A * # B$`

A0 & * # ;E & N .,/ #& O# 9 02 A0 & 0& E W / BA ( # c * #

r * # c 0 6 .0& E ; I 6 (Š @ r ) A0 & * # 2 A5 &0 / &' / > '

/ 5 , #'A #' 0'A 0& E&0 2 &0 66 47 2 W / 6 M 6 O# 9 02 A0 &

.0' #'A 0 # -(# # &' -Q# 2 &' / ,4 -B 0* &0 #& 2 S& 6 k# # *#

/ &' / Š @ …r (#' #& (# # &' / 6 &Al , 6 =A 0 @0 & # c 70 8# ]

N $ 0 f #& L# # -20 ".`# L# # 6 r * # 8# / &' / C.I &'P 6 .0 / ;' ?

. ,/

2 8> ' I# 8 - A / -( & / 2 A0 & 2 ;E & f &' / cA#0 &0

2 %'6B 8 ! ? B 8 †6 I / 5j 6- A0 & * # ;E 8# , #f9 0 . # * ,€ 0 4.

17
c]5 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P l , 2 (' / .9 S 2 W / - ;7 8# B 0*

.0 & & 5 6 BA ( # 0'$ 4 $P c #' ˆf f #*#. @

\'` / 0 / (#', 6 .$ # . & & 5 6 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P 4 $P c #' 8# : A

H& † 6 !, &0 ,5 6 : r' & †A S 4 $P ˆf -; ,. 4Z' 2 : A

+ &0 C `# O# z .B # z. (E O 5 6 . 6 : A …& 0 N'P ; , - & 0 . &#0

C `# O# z #B / E8# .0& E & 5 6 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P \'` 0 c 0 (#' f #&

- 0'6 BA ( # c #' ˆf f c * # -B # * 8 6 6 > ' 2# H @ 2 8 @ I8#W 6 0 &

.00 @ ;' ? + &0

= A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P # # 9 O 5 W #f9# -0 @ &# ` 2 /# ' 0&' 6 / 0C .]

N'"9 &0 ^ ` -* 8 ?! B6'P& F& 6 \'` c 0 6 .0 & (E & 3. # / B # 4`#' &0

&0 A# 2 N &0 # -B # . / = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P \'` N .I# (& 6 N # ( . 8) 6E F& 6

. [11 6] ' \'` 6 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P f N 8# T`#' * #

E 6 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P 4 ' -c ] &0 5 /U c #' 8# : C h `0 : ]

2 : A c6 &0 C `# O# z ;E T6 , 8# I8#W 6 B5#0 6 / E8# .B e(] #

#' 0'A & A 6 C/ I : A 0 9 P 8# 0'6 BA ( # #' - .`' 4Z'

c #' C c/ &0 / B @ (#' -: r' & 4 $P : A: 5 6 C `# O# z 8# 5

.B # . 6 4 $P c #' 6 B$ = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P 4 ' -c ] &0 BA ( #

: W( # !G A ^ D % )%

18
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0# @ . &0 6 0 I (; 4 # >5) 0 & &# f 6E Z'I -2100 N h9# &0 / 0'5 , 6W

%# 6 ,$ #* 6 2 ( 8 2 @EW & !A# 6 ' 6 # * # .0'5 % @

GCM 2 N A+ # 6 0 L P 8# .B # l c6 ` f & A !, &0 : A

- 8 ; < 28 - A / -y&f6 ( & / f 6E 2 Z'I B 4Z / 0'5 , 6W - , 6 6 2' & ,

-24/6 -21 M 6 Z'I * # &0 @ & 6 /2&'P 6 5 6 # ?6 . 4Z - , E N 15 P I#

2' 8# .B5#0 #'A W / &0 53 1/5 -60/5 -55 M 6f ; # & &0 21/5 0/5

* ,€ / &' / > ' A5 &0 O# 9 02 A0 & ;E & #0# - 0

#'A B4 B 0* 2 ;7 %'6B 8 6 ;E 0 & 8# ^ 4!` - A0 & 2 & 2 8

O '/ &0 &'/e > # 5 &0 z ( ] # - !, : r' & - `# > # 5 6 ' 6 0 /

z 2# 6 8 0&' 2 BA 8 (0'$ C # 9 6 ' 6 f &' / cA#0 &0 . & 3 6 46

. [6] B # 46 O '/ h9# &0 > # 5 z -C/ I 20 ".`# > # 5 ;E (# ?6 -;E T6 , B

2 ( 9'P > # 5 &0 2 z O '/ h9# &0 / & 3 6 /e #Q'9 M ! 6 B , 6

( &0 &0 5 /U D , 8# 0' ' TZ #0# 6 .0#0 #'H •& &' / ; < ;', ; < &0 = A 0 @

-O 5 # # 9 3 8# = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P 6 g'6 2 0# A& / 0'5 , 6W -&' / ( 6

. 5 6 .5#0 #& #f9# 2 &

2 ,6T -5

$, :8# #O& $ /B # & 6c6 ` $, 0 8# &' / ; < ;', ; < &0 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P

f 6E Z'I ˆf (# # &' / 8# B ` * # /* # 6 ' 6 28 ( 6 3, 8# . A#0 $, &A

* 6 / f 6E Z'I * # &0 ;E T6 , C `# 6 C/ I 2 & ^ 4!` -B # (; 4 # >5) 0 & &# y&f6

19
&'P 6 (# # = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P 6 -B # = . (. 6 (# # - &' -Q# - / 2 &' /

O# z !, * # 6 C/ I 5 : A 0' 6 B , 6 .B # &#e@ k# C . < C .

2 A5 ;E & &0 / &' / O # `# & ,/ &0 5 6 .5#0 #0# 0'5 , 6W / -C `#

3 6 -;E 6 &' Q# 2 &' / 5 8 * ,€ (Š @ r ) O# 9 02 A0 &

& & 6 6 .0'5 .5#0 #0# &' / 8# X& A l , 6 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P / &

6E W / I# - 8 ; < 28 - A / -y&f6 ( & / f 6E 2 Z'I 6 C/ I : A

-hP , * # &0 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P O 5 # # 9 * ,€ Z'I * # &0 0' ' 2 A0 &

z - : Ac 6) A0 & 6E W / : A 6 / 0'5 ‡H ^ /

2 O .B # .9 W #f9# A#0 l , 6 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P -(B 07 6 &0 (E ;E & C `#

2 ( 9'P .B (E k# , #0 B3 < -2& @ &0 &A A#0 l , 6 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P #

^7' 4 - , 0 c] #& &' / ; < ;', ; < 2 ( 9'P . 6 / &A l , 6 =A 0 @

f A#0 l , 6 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P . ,. 0 . @ k# , #0 . / B3 < - . 6 2& @ 2#&#0

k# , #0 . 6 B3 < - . / 2& @ 2#&#0 ^7' 4 -B # W #f9# 6 & (E O 5 # # 9 /

. ,. 0 ?

0& &# = . f 6E Z'I @ 6&0 / & A !, ;E T6 , C `# , E B 4Z , 6W

& / B # (E 8# / I -B # ( 2 &0 +& 9ƒ A f 6E Z'I * ,€ (; 4 # >5)

2 ( 9'P (E . / 0'6 W #f9# 6 & Y .H 2 &' / > ' ;E & : A

k‰ c #' c d'"A &0 2 / O ] .0'6 #'A &' / ; < ;', ; < !, &0 = A 0 @

:0'5 2 ,6T 8 O&' 6 &' / ; < ;', ; < = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P \'` &0

20
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BA ( # 4 $P \' 0 6 &' / ; < ;', ; < hP , = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P c

.0'5 2 ,6C

A#0 f 6E Z'I &0 / &' / ; < ;', ; < hP , / B @ (#' 4 $P $, 8#

-0&#0 &# ` (; 4 # >5) 0 & &# = . & A f 6E Z'I ( 2 &0 +& 9ƒ A

&0 hP , * # &0 @ & 6 * /2&'P 6 0'6 6 C/ : A & S0 A# 2 N &0

&0 1 0/1 8# c`# I f > '. 2 0 W / &0 50 30 8# c`# I A# N 10

Z'I * # &0 0' ' 2 A0 & 6E -F& 6 W / c 0 6 .B # .5#0 W #f9# 0# @ .

.B # .9 W / O 5 6 f 6E

: A ) 4Z' : A c 0 6 L P: 8# &'/e 2 0 W #f9# F& 6 W /

.B # .9 @ O&' W @ C `# O# z c 0 6 0 L P 8# -(: r' &

&0 BA ( # 2# #& W @ C `# O# z (#' / B # /U 6 %87

.0' ‹ ? !, &0 C . &'P 6 B A0 c 0 6 . / +

-= A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P l , A#0 2 (' / 6 : 0f hP , &0 0 W #f9# @ &6W /

c] &0 (E f9 6 & & : AC ‰ 0'A # * # / .5#0 2 . 6 O 5

.B # A#0 l , 6 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P

2 & 0 4. 2 [ l !, &0 ;E T6 , i ? B -BA ( # $, 8#

N .A# j 6 -&' / 8# X& A &0 C &' / cA#0 &0 C (E ;E & !, 2 A0 &

%'6B 8 ( 5 : A ( 5 ;E C/ 6 B &0 / 5 A0 & 4 $P C r& &0

= A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P l , 2 (' / 6 (E c $ A0 & * # B 0* 2 ;7

21
2 A0 & * ,€ 80 ( & / 2 A0 & 2 A5 8# H6 ;E N . # .B # 5

2 0 BA * ,€ . 5 6 k‰ A0 & * # 6E W / &0 #' I# 8

- . O l &# . # 2# 6 67 2 WH6 ( ] A C 34 #&' ;7 &0 &0

8# ] 6 (E c $ ;7 * # ( 5 : A M$ / B # BA ( # c #' 8#

.B # 5 A# 2 N &0 ( . 8'A ( . # & $< 0 @ l , 2 (' /

-(Š @ _ P) / &' / > ' O# 9 02 A0 & 2 A5 ;E & N .,/

.B # 6> ' A0 & * # ;E W / # c #' 8# ]

Q5 Q# ; < N 5 :8# #O& $ = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P l , & A 2 (' / C #

-(* , #* 6) Q# ;', … 5: A 2 * 8 ;7 -O# 9 A0 & L P 0 - &'

Q 5 (& $ 7# ( . #) Q# ; < 2 * 8 -Q# &0 & & †S &0 N 5 L# P# 2 * 8

.(0&# Q 5 ( . 6 N 5 28 hP , (‡ I ( . #) &'

I - f ' ; < ;', I :8# #O& $ = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P l , A#0 2 (' / C #

( ,- !, - #-% # & ,6 !, -8#' # Q 5 I - AQ 5N 5

.( , Q 5 !,

. / B # &'/e hP , &0 : A & % # 8# / I C `# , 6W 2 N ƒ .

.B # hP , * # &0 = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P 0 8N .I# 6 #0# (E

:d d

, %3 ( 8 - ! ? B 8 F&#f@ - 0 @ f & d'"A &0 (# ( ,/ 28 @E F8' E -1

.1392-93 - ,9 - 58' E B 4 -(# ( . # 4 $P T6 , 28& /

22
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.(E 6 6 2 & ] #& 0 @f&2 W S & 6 -* I -20#0 -2 -8' 0 -2

-(# # & ( , 4 -(E & 6( 8 O# k# c 4 2 cI #& & $< 0 @ W # c & 6 -3
. 0 @f& 2 /# &'3, 6 1390/11/09 Π& &0 5&#f@ 6 ""H - B F&#f@
W * 08# 0 - (E ! ? B 8 .5# 6 O# k# 0 @ f & 6 /l 6 #' @0' E -CD /- 9# -4
. . 6 5 ]5f %' #0 -(# -1388 -> ? B5# 6
-(# # E ; < &0 A# 0 ! ? B 8 C W S & $< 0 @ 2 ( 9'P -* #ˆ Z - 45 -5
.1394 -& $< 0 @ 6 6 0 . -B 8> ? BD I ( 8
f/ - , E B 4Z , 6W (' / -l , -c :&' / ; < ;', ; < = A 0 @ 2 ( 9'P -6
- ,6 8 O 4 ! .90 -2 ' &' # ,6 8 2 W B 4 - # 2#&'5 [ 2 W
.1396 0#0 A
4 O 9 ./# ,5* 8 ( 8 -( . 8'A ( . # 0 @ f & ' 2 (' / 2 ,6B ' # ,5 -7
.1394 20 -(8#' #) 2 .A 6 ;', !, B -&' /
2& $< 0 @ 2 ( 9'P 0 @ f & 2# &#' " c ? -C -' #f # -% # -( P- - / -8
& 0 -B 0& E & - (E N .,/ 2 F & &A A#0 2 l , & 6 &'3, 6 (# # &0
.1395 & 6 -1 & 5 -2
W - A# 2 N &0 & $< 0 @ 2 ( 9'P l , ,5 - .5 9 - 9 I -&0 - -9
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-(E 6 k‰ c #' & $< 0 @ 0 #l , & 6 - P 9 -2 # - - 4 ,6 - k'/ - ]P' 6 2 I# -10

.(# S 5 #0 - 8#' # -1394 , # 12-14 -& $< 0 @ #* 6 + #* #

& $< 0 @ , 8&0 .9 @ O&' O 4 ! & 6 - I# -Π5 20 6 -* ? # $ - #&E -11

-1394 , # 12-14 -& $< 0 @ #* 6 + # * # -(# # ; < ;', &0 * # 8 6 c 70
.(# S 5 #0 - 8#' #

12- Modarres, R., Sadeghi, S. (2017), Spatial and temporal ternds of dust storms across desert
regions of Iran, Natural Hazards, pp. 1-14, Article in Press.

23
 Identification of dust storm origin in West and South-West of Iran

Author(s): Mahsa Sedighi, Ashraf Al Sadat Pasandideh

Abstract: Dust storms are among natural and anthropogenic hazards for socioeconomic
resources. In recent years dust storms have become a serious problem especially in West and
South-West of Iran. The dust events in West and South-West of Iran can be caused by internal
and/or external origins. The main differences of dust storms with internal and external origins
are in durability, particle concentration and the range of their impacts. Dust storms with
external origins, are more sustainable with low concentration of particles and extended range
of impacts. In contrast, dust storms with internal origins are not sustainable; however, contain
high concentration of particles with limited range of impacts. In recent years the dust storm
with internal origins have occurred more. By concerning the climate change, increased
drought years and limited water resources in Middle East, it can be concluded that the dust
events will occur more repeatedly in future years.

24
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, 7E (#', 6 8 @ * # - 0 @ f & c ] &0 SO2 C 6 ' 6- 6 .[1] ,/ ' 2 # (#& 6

0 @'@ /#20 - 0 2' 8# .[2]0&#0 # 6 B 8> ? ( #B 6 6 H O# k# f ' k

( 8 # 7 M H &0 #f 6 W -( /# f '.9 8# B4 5&'A &' ;e 8# 2 @' 6

.[3] 0&#0 (E ( 5 •#&'

30 7 / 0&#0 0' SO2 ' 2# 6 T$, 491 / 0 ( & Š S 6 ^# A# / 5&#f@

#& SO2 & . # C * . 6 &# I 2 @ -( * # &0 ,,/ ., SO2 * ' / 4000

&0 0/1-0/4 - &# I 2 @ W/0 0 8 @ &0 SO2 B3 < .[4] # 0#0 d ".A# 0'A 6 (%53 )

- 5Y 4 2 &# . # + # 6 / I&0 -[5] B # 5 F&#f@ 8 &0 0/01-0/3 N0 4 I

6 SO2 ; H O# k# 6 ' 6 * # 6 ,6 .[6] B # 5 * 4 75 ppb/hr -#' &0 SO2 8 &#

,,/ ' T6 , 8# 0 @'@ /#20 28 # 2# 6 k‰ 2 2& ,9 4 ' -B 8> ? ( #B

SO2 LeI 2# 6 2& ,9 * N # . -(FGD1) W/0 0 8 @ #080 @'@ 2 2& •,9 .B # 2& Z (E

SO2 6 # 8 @ -0'5 .A ,5 f 6# ] # , E 9 (#', 6 / F & * # &0 .[2] , E & 5 6

.0'5 " 8 @ -SO2 ;e 6 0 @ &# ` ;U 6+ &0 -2 b # O&' 6

27 6 , f -0 8 2 9 6 8 # ,. # SO2 c / LeI 6 -FGD 2 , E 9 S @#

,E 9 *# 2 B0 ? 8# (3(0 / Y/ 2
( zP) O ] @0&'A -2&#e@

1
Flue Gas Desulfurization
2
Flooding
3
Foaming

27
 J ( & R %J ! U $& - & ) SO2 # ' ( &%$ #! "

. / 2r # C I -(8 6 k‰ 2 2& ,9 4 ' B &0 F * # 6 ,6 .[7] 0 & & 5 6

-(HFMC1) A' L # <2 , 0+ 8# 0 . # .B # .9 @ O&' 7 6 08 6 N I* &0

.[8]B # 5 F&#f@ . #& * # &0 k‰ 2 2& ,9 8# ] (#', 6

89 0*6% N .# + ( ] # / B # cH H. <: A' L # < , 0+ :

2 e L !4 # . 5 6 0 8 9 &0 8 9: T 8' 6 8 ], # ( 6 -08 C # 9 #& 8 @/T T /T

0 9 8# # -C I 6 i! BI 27 6 B$ - ] 6T 8@( . 6# % -

&0 F & * # 5 & 5# 2 #f 6 ' 6 .[7] 0'5 ;' ? ,E 9*#2 @ 8# !A Scale up

*' 5 & (#', 6 #' SO2 LeI 2# 6 ,0+ * # 8# 0 . # -FGD 2& ,9 6

- , 0+ # & 6* Z- * # &0 .0 @ &# ` & 60&' W/0 0 8 @ 8# (E 28 # 2# 6

F & * # > ' W/0 0 8 @ 8# SO2 28 # 6 < d#'A 2 . #& k# - <2

.B # 5 G#&# 0 , # 6 , E 9 * # ( 5 2& 2# 6 0' ' 2 W S B # 5 & 6

J ( & R %J ! U $& 0( -1

2# , f@ (#', 6 -8 @ T 8' 6 8 ( 6 <2 ,0+ 8# 0 . # - A# 2 N &0

: 8# 0 . # 6 .[9] B # .9 @&# ` ' 0&' 2 # 2 8 @ 28 # T 8@89 0+ 2# 6

= . c"9 0'5 C # 98@ T 89 0+ (]#- A' L # 3 -M , 2 ,6 ] 6 <

.((1) c]5) 0'5 % #= . c"9 * # &0 % N . # 00 @ c] < e9 , &0 8 9 0

1
Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor

28
 01 -%. ! / **+& # ! ,
1396 6% 41 $ 43 2

[10] A' L # < , 0+ 8# ] 5-(1) c]5

-+']4 f # (' # . 9# . # -(' # . 9 ] 3 N # . 2 F& L A 6 -* # 6 ,6

e9 , &0 = . c"9 ‘ I 2# 6 2f S & 9 ( 0# @ 6 B # B3 < -28 # 2# 6 / ? 2

-645 MW &# I @ : &0 0 . # &'3, 6 < ,0 + : C I .B # 8 <

-(9000 m3) SO2 28 # 2# 6 N # . ;e ('. C I 6 &0 / B # 5 0& E 6 250 m3

.[10]B # f S & 6

6 &0 A' L # <2 ,0+ - 0 ( (1)N ƒ . / '@(

-* # 6 ,6 . , 0 G#&# #& C I 6 i! BI 8# 2 7 6 B$ -8 @ ;e N # . 2 F &

;e 2 I# 8# # ,,/ c 2 k‰ &'P 6 , #' -8 @ ;e N # . 2 F & 6 B$

cH H. 2 < 8# 0 . # c 0 6 . *# . , 0 W / &0 65 63 8# # 6 #& 8 @ T90

c] (0 / Y/ -( zP ( 6 8 @ T 60 c . N .,/ -C I 6 i! 27 6 B$ .B #

29
 J ( & R %J ! U $& - & ) SO2 # ' ( &%$ #! "

<2 , 0+ 2 #f 8# 2 e L !4 # 8 @ – T ‡H =. c"9 - ! ? B 8

.[9]B # 5 F&#f@ , 0+ N # . 2 F& 6 B$ T -8 @

T -8@2 , 0+ 8# 20# 4 i! -(1)N

d (m2/g) / h\ 0= 1 ! U $&

[11] 1-10 6 $I ('.

[12] 100-800 5 ('.

(f 2#&#0 ('.
[11] 50-150
] ]

[13] 1500-3000 < , 0+

-8 @ ;e N # . 2 . 0 6 B$ T - 8@ <2 ,0+ S @# -N I 6

* # T9& . 6 & 6 68 /B # # f B 0 ? 6 2& ,9 * # # , 0 G#&# #& #f

&0 T : < &' I .0 / 0 . # 2 # 8 @ ;e &0 2& •,9 * # 8# (#'.6 0&#0 0' B0 ?

k# -B * # .0&# 0' N # . ;e 2 ('. &0 4 * ,S / 0'5 ;' ? % N . # 6# 6

(#' -(E cH H W #f9# < B HZ W / 6 .0&#0 2 e W, f@ % N .# 2 & ,

&0 A' L # 2 < -T -8@ <2 ,0+ &0 .[15 ,14]0 / C , #& <B

0 # N ( ( 5 f /2 & #' L # T 8' (0'6 BA#',] < . @ &# ` . '

&'$ - 6. 6 W /% N . # , E 9 * # 6 ,6 5 6 &#e@ k# . ' B &0 &e@& ,/ (

cA#0 % N .# 2 & f V *# /B # # B 0 ? 6 -L # C/ !` c 0 6 L # cA#0 N

.0&#0 k# L #

30
 01 -%. ! / **+& # ! ,
1396 6% 41 $ 43 2

8 @ 60 -;U N' ? & 9 0 3 > # 5 -N r 2 ,6 ] < d#'A 6

8 @ & 9 8# 7 6 6 &#' T & 9 .0&#0 k# O 5 6 < ;e 0 ] 2 & f B3 < T

O $ / *.9& & 6 , T &0 ; $I c ] .0'5 2 @' T cA#0 ; $I c ] 8# 56

6 , #' f T 27 6 2 & 9 - 0 2' 8# .[17 ,16] 0'5 2&# 28 @

W,/# ;e B 2 & #' ;U 2 0 W #f9# - S @# .0'5 O 7'P &0 < ( 5 [A

E6 < . &0 5T ?! W / W / j 6 V * # # - 5 6 .5#0 B$} k# 5

. ,/ z O 7'P &0 (E d#'A ], # 0'5 [A

8 @ LeI 2# 6 T – 8@ < 2 ,0 + 8# - 5 % # 2 & 6 6 ' 6

, 8 * # &0 5% #O ? 6 #0# &0 / B # 5 0 . # f W/0 0 8 @ 8# 0 @'@ /#20

.0'5 .A#0

<2 , 0+ > ' SO2 28 # 2 & < d#'A 2 . #& k# -2

B3 < -T 8 @ 60 -N r N'P 8# Y .H 2 . #& k# -W #& ] Park

PVDF A' $ 9 ˆ < > ' #& SO2 28 # 2# 6 ;U B B3 < -20 & 8 @ &0 SO2

W #f9# O 5 6 T 60 W #f9# 6 # .6# &0 SO2 LeI 08 6 / 0 ( ƒ . .[7] 0 / & 6

* 2 60 &0 / B # c 0 * # 6 V * # .((1) c]5) ` 6 B6 k ^ $ [b 6

60 W #f9# 6 .B # SO2 N . # ,,/N .,/ -T C 9 . &0 B # C/ ˆ < i! &0 NaOH -T

-( ? 8# 2 0 @ .0 @ O&' 2 . 6 SO2 N . # -T 89B W / 6 ' 6 -T

.[18] 0 / g'6 8 @ T + i! W #f9# 6 #& T 27 6 2 60 &0 SO2 08 6 W #f9#

31
 J ( & R %J ! U $& - & ) SO2 # ' ( &%$ #! "

0 8# # 6 N r N'P W #f9# 6 0 ( (2) c]5 2 0#0 / '@( - 6

W #f9# c 0 6 V *# . 6 W #f9# 68/5% & 52/8 % 6 32 %8# SO2 LeI 08 6 - 6# 6

.B # < i! BI

[7] Y .H N'P 6 N r &0 SO2 LeI 08 6 2 & T 60 k#-(2) c]5

], # 6 ' 6 -200 - 2000 ppm 0 ? &0 SO2 B3 < z 6 / 0#0 ( ƒ . - 6

- 0 2' 8# . 6 W / SO2 LeI 08 6 -B # B6 k NaOH ;U &# . &0 B6 k T 60

c0 6 V *#. 6 W / SO2 LeI 08 6 -8 @ 60 W #f9# 6 / ,.9 &0 - & 6 * # &0 ( ?

* # &0 . 0 W / #& < &0 SO2 U' B /B #762 60 &0 8 @ B `# ( 8O W /

/ 0#0 ( ƒ . . 0 @ &6% N .# /M Z2 & (E N'P L # 0# 4 k# - & 6

B3 < z 6 (NaOH) ;U B3 < k# - 6 .B # . #& * # 8# c . % N .# /M Z

&0 % N . # 2# 6 C 9 2&'V 6 ' 6. 5 & 6 SO2 LeI 2 & 6 0/01 -2 M 0 ? &0 (E

.0 @ O&' - 0 •& W,/# / &0 -T 8 9 cA#0 &0 8 @ ;e - < = . c"9

32
 01 -%. ! / **+& # ! ,
1396 6% 41 $ 43 2

& / * # &0 -;U \' & 6 &'3, 6 . 6 W #f9# SO2 LeI 08 6 -;U B3 < W #f9# 6 * # 6 ,6

- ;U *# ( &0 . 5 0 . # (NaHCO3 Na2CO3 -Na2SO3 -NaOH) .H 2 ;U 8#

2 & 6 #& ;U \' k# -W #& ] Lee -f 02 &0 .0#0 ( #& 0 ] * . 6 Na2CO3

& 6 0/06 m & A !` 0/294 m N'P 6 (' ' < > ' 400 ppm B3 < 6 SO2 ;e

8# # -T 60 W #f9# / 0#0 ( h ? * # &0 & 6- 6 .[19] & 6 . 6 0 /

08 6 6 T 8 @ 60 k# .0&#0 # 6 B$} k# SO2 LeI 08 6 2 & ;U B3 < < e9 ,

( ƒ . .[20]B # 5 & 6f * A' L # < ,0+ : &0 SO2 LeI

60 W #f9# - 0 2' 8# . 6 W #f9# SO2 U' B -8 @ 60 W / T 60 W #f9# 6 / 0#0

28 7 B HZ W / c 0 6 V * # / 0'5 f SO2 % N .# B W #f9# 6 , -8 @

.B # (E 27 6 2 60 &0 8 @

.[21] 0 @ & 6 W #& ] Park > ' - 02 &0 SO2 LeI 08 6 2 & T 60 k#

8# 7 6) ,/ $ < T 89B 6 #'.6 / & 2 I 6T 8 9 60 / 8 / ,.9 &0 (E

;e B (E .0'5 N .,/ <B 8@89B > ' SO2 ;e B -(4 l/min

F&#f@ ;'P &#' 0 2 ('. &0 (E ;e B 8# W 6 #& PVDF < ,0+ &0 SO2

(E ƒ . - 6 .B # < , 0+ &0 T 8@ 76+ i! c 0 6 V *# . 0 /

i! . &0 .9 W #f9# < cA#0 i! cH H -2 < 6 PEG (0 f9# 6 / 0#0 (

.0'5 SO2 . 6 LeI 6 , V * # / 0'5 0 8T 8@+

(E 0 ] . &0 <% N .# M Z 2 & f < e9 , & .A 6 g'6 2 . #&

2# 6 PVDF (& . A' L # < N r : 8# W #& ] Li . &#0 k# SO2 28 # 2# 6

33
 J ( & R %J ! U $& - & ) SO2 # ' ( &%$ #! "

8# # T 8' -e9 , 8# # k# (E .[22] 0 / 0 . # 3000 ppb B3 < 6 -(r . 8# SO2 28 #

/ 0#0 ( ƒ . . 0#0&# ` & 60&' <% N . # M Z 2 & #& i! k‰ cH H &0 e9 ,

&0 .0'6 #'A f S <% N . # M Z 2 & * 0 U' k# - 5 6 . / 1 8# e9 , \ 45 @#

&'P 6 * 0 U' M Z - 6 W / e9 , 8# # > '. @# -BA#',] < e9 , 8# # 6 < 0&'

&'3, 6 -BA#',] < e9 , 8# # 6 < 0&' &0 * # 6 ,6 .0&#0 k# <% N .# M Z 6 ' c6 `

/ 0#0 ( ƒ . * ,€ .0'5 .9 @ 3 &0 6 e9 , 8# # T 8' -8 @ LeI 2# 6 <N r I# P

. 6 W #f9# SO2 LeI 2# 6 N r B 9 D - < U' M Z W #f9# 6

. 6 W #f9# SO2 LeI 08 6 - < cH H W #f9# 6 / 0#0 ( f W #& ] Jeon

08 6 2 & f (E \' ;U B3 < k# - 6 .[5]0&#0 . 6f < 8 0#' 6 V * # .$ #

8# (Na2SO3 NaOH) ;U B3 < W #f9# 6 / 0#0 ( ƒ . . 0 @ & 6 SO2 LeI

-N'] ' -;U 7 6 2 B3 < &0 . 6 W #f9# 88 % 6 56 % 8# SO2 LeI 08 6 -0/05 -0/2 M

( ƒ . . 6 W #f9# LeI 08 6 . &0 0#0 W,/# B .] # 2 (' 6 SO2 8# 2 . 6 2

.[5]B # 7 6 NaOH 6E N' ? 6 SO2 LeI 08 6 - ;U 8# ( ] 2 B3 < &0 / 0

.B # 5 0#0 (3) (1) O70 4 &0 ;U 0 6 SO2 W,/# %f ]

:NaOH 6E N' ? &0 SO2 ;e %f ]

+2 + (1)

+ + (2)

:Na2SO3 6E N' ? &0 SO2 ;e %f ]

34
 01 -%. ! / **+& # ! ,
1396 6% 41 $ 43 2

+ + (3)

W,/# OH- 2 (' 6 e B @ 6 &'P 6 SO2 2 N'] ' - 5 G#&# 2 %f ] 6 ' 6

.B # W,/# B ,,/0 ? -SO2 2 N'] ' 6 SO3-2 2 (' W,/# #. , 0

LeI (E .[23]B # 5 & 6 f W #& ] Sun > ' SO2 LeI 6 ;U \' k#

N' ? ‡ A ;E 6 #& ƒ . 0 / & 6 &0 ;E > ' PP < L # : &0 #& 0 @'@ /#20

‡ A ;E NaOH N' ? 6 B$ &0 ;E ;e B 9 D / 0#0 ( ƒ . . 0 / NaOH

;e &0 ;E &0 SO2 / 8 .B &0 ;E &0 ’O ,6 / 2 (' &' I c 0 6 V * # .B # 7 6

: .9# Q #f 8 2 W,/# -0'5

+ (4)

+ + (5)

O ,6 / - O ,6 ] 6 - ;E - *6 / /#20 0 4 C. [] b / -Q'9 2 W,/# 6 ' 6

,/ 0 #% N . # 6# 6 &0 #& 2 . / B - &0 ;E -* # 6 ,6 .0'5 C. B `W /j 6

.[23] 6 W #f9# % N .# /M Z . &0

-0'5 0 . # ;U (#', 6 &0 ;E 8# / &' &0 / 0 ( ((3) c]5) ƒ . - 6

- ( 0'A 8# 6'A 0 ] ,/ B f T 8 @ * 6 7 6 2 & 9 L .A# &0 <N r

;E .B # . 6# ;U ?! W / 6 . # & 9 -((1) 0 4 ) “ – + 7 !6#& 6 ' 6. 0

.B # 7 6 f (E .# & 9 . &0 0&#0 2 7 6 ?! W / -NaOH ‡ A ;E 6 B$ &0

-T 8 @ 27 6 2 & 9 L .A# &0 - &0 ;E 8# 0 . # O&' &0 % N .# / M Z -* # 6 ,6

. ` 6 7 6 ( ,€

35
 J ( & R %J ! U $& - & ) SO2 # ' ( &%$ #! "

[23]Y .H 2 ;U 6% N .# /M Z2 &T 8 @ 8 9 * 6 & 9 ( 0# @ k# -(3) c]5

(#', 6 ([EMIM][EtSO4]) c # %' 8# # c . -3 -c # -1 ' T 8# -W #& ] Luis

-N,N ;U 6 #& (E 0 ] 0 / 0 . # ] # A' L # < , 0+ : &0 ;U

N # . 2 F & &0 / 0 ( F&#f@ .[22] 0' SO2 LeI 2# 6 * E c . 20

/0 & & * E c . 20 N I 0/6 -0/8 kg - 5 ' 0 @'@ /#20 * 2#8# 6 - 6# ] #

! 6 : 8# ' O4 .[22]0'5 # 0&# N I * 20 7 / B # ,4 (# 6 * #

(E 0&' &0 #' @0' E c] . &0 &#0 , & 6 & H6 & 9 / ,. ” 8# . / ; U

100 C

6 &0 ' T 27 6 & 6 . 8'] 6 ' 6 / 0 ( ƒ . - 6 .0&# 0'

8# # 6 < - , E N I 8# 0 . # O&' &0 / I&0 .0'5 [ A 4% 8# # 6 < - , E ;U

N . # 6# 6 &0 T B - ' T 8# 0 . # O&' &0 - 0 2' 8# .[22] 5 #'A [ A 74 %

* # &0 ( ? .B # * % N .# / M Z * # 6 ,6 B # . 6 , E ;U 6 B$ %

&#e@ k# 0 @'@ /#20 ;e 2 & Gf O&' 6 -20 & 8 @ &0 CO2 0' / ,.9 &0 & 6

36
 01 -%. ! / **+& # ! ,
1396 6% 41 $ 43 2

;e 2# 6 SO2 6 CO2 . &0 B # ' ;U 6 CO2 2 e W,/# c 0 6 V * # .B #

. ,/ B6 `&

< L # : > ' SO2 LeI 2 & #& 8@ &' I k# f W #& ] Kim

.0'5 ‡ A SO2 2 e U' W / j 6 0 W #f9# / 0#0 ( ƒ . .[24] 0 / & 6 . 8'b /

6 *6 / /#20 12% -0 @'@ /#20 200 ppm 2 I 28 @ g' H 0&' &0 / I&0

1
.3 < (' #f & c0 6 V *# 6 W #f9# 0 W #f9# 6 SO2 2U' & 5 -(r .

U' W / c 0 6 g' H &0 ", : B3 < / B # ,4 * 6 .3 < (' #f & .B #

. 6 W #f9# O $ /

B? SO2 U' / 0 @ ‡H - 5 % # W #& ] Kim > ' /2 0 & 6 &0

c0 6 V * # / B # ‡ A 8 @ 8# . / ' c6 ` &'P 6 (CO2 N2 6) 28 @ g' H > # 5

6 . 0 -O $ / &' I c 0 6 .B # ;e 2 ( ] 6 . 0 2# 6 ,,/U' B6 `&

- W /‡ABI 6 &0 M / U' B * # 6 ,6 - 6 W / ;e 2 ( ]

0 . @ 6( 60 8# 46 O&' 6 #& 28 @ g' H : &0 SO2 U' -(4)c]5 .[25] 6

c] (r . 8# ^ # 28 @ g' H / E8# / 0 ( ƒ . . 0 ( B6 k & 9 &0

&0 SO2 U' - 0 W #f9# 6 * # 6 ,6 .B . 6# B I 6 28 @ g' H 2 e U' d#'A -B # 5

&0 N2 CO2 / E8# 6 W / (E 2 e W, f@ / I&0 - 6 W #f9# 28 @ g' H

. ,,/ &'$ < 8# .I#& 6 8 @ 0 * # &#0 &' I 28 @ g' H

1
Concentration Polarization

37
 J ( & R %J ! U $& - & ) SO2 # ' ( &%$ #! "

[25] 8 @ g' H &0 SO2/CO2 2 e W, f@ SO2 2 e U' 2 & 0 k# -(4) c]5

CO2 6 g' H O&' 6 ‡ A O&' 6 SO2 2 e U' 2 & #& & 9 k# f 2 0( ?

*# . 6 W #f9# -& 9 W #f9# 6 ‡ A SO2 2 e U' / ,.9 &0 (E .[8] 0 / & 6 N2

* 6 W,/C 6 5 %&' 6 , 8@- * # &0 .B # ( 5:. c0 6 .

- ,E 9 *# . &0 - 6 W #f9# 0#8E C I . &0 6 W /2 8 Y .H 2 WH6

. 6 W #f9# 2 e U'

. 5 6 &#e@ k# <0 ] 2 & #' / 5 9 4 2 0C . #& (#', 6 < [,

g' H 8# SO2 28 # 2# 6 . 8'b / A' L # < ,0+ : 8# -W #& ] Kim

&0 . ,. cH H. : 28 # =8 7: 2#&#0 . 8'b / 2 < .[25] 0 / 0 . # 28 @

7 (#', 6 (PEBAX1) E b- # 8# cH H. (#', 6 (PE) # # 8# - ? &/*#

BH E WH6 : 8# / B # : . ' '. 7# : PEBAX .B # 5 0 . # ,,/#

1
Poly (ether-b-amid)

38
 01 -%. ! / **+& # ! ,
1396 6% 41 $ 43 2

- ] ] B j 6 - '. 7# * # BH WH6 .B # 5 c] e L !4 # % # WH6 :

2 8 @ 2# 6 (E 2 e W, f@ 2 e U' 0'$ 6 j 6 (E % WH6 0'5 (E 5 &# I

(E &0 (E .[24] & 6 ƒ . 6f 2 0 ? & / &0 W #& ] Kim .0'5 Y .H

. 0 / 0 . # PE . 8'b / < , 0W5' 7 (#', 6 PVC-g-POEM1 8# -& /

.[26] 0 / & 6 TP . ( 6 2& N r : &0 #& SO2 LeI -W #& ] Yu ^# A#

08 6 .B # 5 G#&# Celgard LLC B/ 5 > ' / 0&#0 % Liqui-Cel Extra-Flow 2& N r *#

.B # 5 F&#f@ 99 %8# W 6 -0/02-0/06 8 @ 6 T 60 B$ 6 -2& N r * # &0 -SO2 LeI

2# 6 - 6# ] # &0 .B # N # . 2 6# ] # &0 8 @ 6 T 60 B$ 8# . / & 6 B$ &# *#

T 60 W #f9# 6 / ,.9 &0 (E * ,€ .0'5 .5#0 * 8 @ 60 -( zP 8# 2 @'

. 6 W #f9# SO2 LeI 08 6 -( ? ƒ . 6 -8 @ 60 W /

SO2 28 # 2# 6 -20 ".`# ‹ ? 8# #& <2 , E 9 8# 0 . # ( ] # -W #& ] Luis

g' H A' L # ] # < 8# 0 . # 6 #& & 6 * # (E .[27] 0 / & 6 W/0 0 8 @ 8#

2#8# 6 2 ' SO2 B$ -20 & &0 SO2 B3 < W #f9# 6 / 0#0 ( ƒ . . 0#0 % # #' SO2

@# / ,.9 @ . (E !? B 8 2 B0 ? N # 6 . 6 W #f9# < i! BI

SO2 B3 < W / L ( I &0 0/625 N } (#', 6 ) 5 6 , B3 < 6 SO2 2 I =#&'A

99/4 % 08 6 6 (#'.6 B # 8 0&' 7 6 & 6 i! BI 6 < - 5 6 (8 I) 300 ppm

.0'5 2&#e@ 2 , f W #f9# 6 , < 27 6 BI . &

1
Poly(vinyl chloride)-graft-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate)

39
 J ( & R %J ! U $& - & ) SO2 # ' ( &%$ #! "

: 6# ] # * # .B # 5 < , 0+ F & 6 6# ] # 6 ;e - & 6 * # &0

: # 9 910 36 N0 4 ,E 9*# 7 , f .B # 9# ,/E :$ 2 , 6 5 20' X 6

500 50 < ,0+ 8# 0 . # 6 ;e ,E 9 7 , f .B # 2 ' SO2 r , 2#8# 6

@# / 0 ( ƒ . - 5 % # O $ ? + # 6 .B # 5 08 * H SO2 r , 2#8# 6 : # 9

6 2&#e@ 2 ,f B # 2 k‰ 2& ,9 < ,E 9- 56 3 80 % 8# . / 08 6

.[27]B # 6# 6 C

2 @ . -3

#080 @'@ 2# 6 k‰ 2 2& ,9 8# ] (#', 6 - A' L # <2 , 0+ 8# 0 . #

A' L # <2 , 0+ 0 ] / 0 ( & 6 .B # 5 F&#f@ W/0 0 8 @

, N'P -20 & SO2 B3 < -T 8 @ 60 3 .H 2 . #& 6 -SO2 28 # 2# 6

& 9 0 - < (0'6 f @;E -;U B3 < -;U \' - < cH H & .A -N r

+ &0 SO2 28 # 2# 6 2& ,9 * # 8# (',/ .0&#0 . 6 20 & 8 @ &0 O $ / &' I

- ,0+ > ' 2 # 8 @ LeI 2# 6 .4, 2 0 6& / A 6 S @# .B # 0 . # .4,

6 0'5 & 6 2& ,9 * # Y .H 2 $, B # %87 20 8 2 F # -0&#0 0' <2

O ? &0 #' / 0&#0 0' 0 , -L * # 6 6 . 0 &'3, 6 . 6 28 2& I

:0'5 .9 @ 3 &0

* # 6 6 . 0 &'3, 6 .B # B # fG I 20 ".`# ‹ ? 8# O 7'P &0 < 2&# -1

-f & e9 , 8# # 6 7 6 cH H ) < 8 0#' & .A 0'$ 6 8# & 4 A 6 -L

40
 01 -%. ! / **+& # ! ,
1396 6% 41 $ 43 2

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44
 01 -%. ! / **+& # ! ,
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Effect of Operational Parameters and Membrane Properties on SO2

Removal from Flue Gas Using Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor

Somayeh Alijani, Zahra Delavar Moghadam

SO2 emissions are known to cause detrimental impacts on human health and the environment.
Electric power generating units account for the majority of SO2 emissions. Various technologies
exist that have been designed to remove SO2 from flue gas produced by electricity generating
plants. The wet scrubbing, known as flue gas desulfurization (FGD), is still the dominant process
and has attained quite high SO2 removal efficiency. However, they suffer from several
disadvantages such as large space, high capital cost, corrosion and a variety of operational
problems, e.g. liquid channeling, flooding, entrainment and foaming. A hollow fiber membrane
contactor (HFMC) has proved as an emerging technology for absorption of toxic gases and has
been tested for SO2 removal. The results show that the performance of HFCM for SO2 removal is
associated with the various parameters including gas/liquid flow rate, initial concentration of SO2,
geometry module, porosity and material of membrane, liquid absorbent concentration, wetting
characteristics of membrane, operational pressure and temperature and the presence of other
components. In order to commercialize the technology, there is need to analysis the acid gas
removal based on real gas stream conditions as flue gas or natural gas streams. The design of
module with the enhanced mass transfer coefficient, the long-term stability of the membrane and the
improved properties of absorbent are also required.

Key words: Desulfurization, Membrane Contactor, Hollow Fiber Membrane, Flue Gas,
Operational Parameters

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