Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 65

!

" #

$% & %

'

" #

%
!
" #
$% &
+, ,. )
"/
" 3 4
56
.+
%78
9

&> ?>
A
B
4 C B
D @
H I J?

1 . H
3 #K
: *,
&6
P
V 0 =

'

Q,&

"R* *

$% & %
%
0

' (
%1 2

:&);

<

)*
3*
=
@

E F
L M

G!
%

% 3# S

NO

TU

W)*
"R* *
%1 2
3*
"
: X@, Y 3 4
: #Z
"/
0 (
% L M
. )
* )B
%P : YV
?. [ ( A
B
! )@
\]
^_
E:] H
:: ` A
3 * B H I J?
"
3 4
& : H;
,
W)*
&
>
a b
%1 2
3*
< 6

" 78 . c d 78 Q e f b
A :U E:*
+@
*g h
, i 56
% d V
* WA
%a
6
j
#k
N O & I V 756

0 % A
"% A

( 3 m
noon
( Q noop

> "

* t (
tu
)O #
A *
> 3 v w? [
Pz 6
{| qu f
?c }


z S
V 0 (
"
Q
>B
[ >
Pz 6
8 A
78 "
A ;
" K
"% A
56

"
"

A ;
3

rssp( $
"
# 0
x
y 5
~
H%
%@ V
3&

3&
" K
& i

The Albert Einstein Institution


427 Newbury Street
Boston, MA 02115-1801, USA
Tel: USA + 617-247-4882
Fax: USA + 617-247-4035
E-mail: Einstein@igc.org
Website: www.aeinstein.org
ISBN 1-880813-09-2

6
6

A :U

a?

% i $ R
1 .
) !
3 &P(
(
K
F
3

r
r

R:

i2 [

A .
:
& :
&5
*
%
d A " :
:O - , a P
% +%
Q@
&,
%
&

Q,&
&
W
l
A

#% %

6
7
7
8
9
9

rr
rr

1% E# %
4
L ,P
&
&> &

" *)
?>

& +

V a

11
12
13

r
r

",

" M&
@%
V a
?> & +
V a
NO )

15
15
16

z {
"/
0 &

r
r

" R*
%1 2 O
V & M
". !
%1 2
3h .
B &
?
| D
> u W
%M
" * ) "R* * , ?
L ,P
" >
&> . ?I
A a @%1 2

{} {
"V @%

&

?
"iN
"
?
`Nz
" * ) "R &P "

~ ?+
"iN

&

>

18
19
20
21
21
22
23

?N

n
n

Q a@
" &

24
25
26

>

?N

ns
ns

% "R* *

?N
% i2 [
R:
GYT
&

GYT &
1& &
A R H
& A d A
4 C
3
&
" &
> ?N

1
3
3
5

30
30
31
31
32
34
34
35

3*
.

iii

~
"/

0 L ,P

,,Y
?
0
V
@d
& &
" &
& +
, ? " &

{+
?V l

p
p

" >

36
37
37
38
39

o
o

& +

E_

% E0

41
42
42

*K

& +
+i

+Q
Q

&3 "
V {
i _
) !
d G!
&>
%
8
@d

N C
"R* *

%1 2

"R* *
%1 2
"R* * 0 A #
"R* * / *
"R* * / *
"R* * L , P
"R* *
%1 2

-\K

W)*

44
45
45
46
46

)`
-

L M

3*

?
V , (
A R
A R ( (1) / *
A R ( (2) "V 0
A R
[ V -"
?

WA

48
49
50
51
52
53

A & P

%8
%
8A

iv

8
8

55

^A +
T &# w : #
%( E:
H % Z
%H@\ i% V 0 %&) :
56 8 V 0
7P( Q *
\ 78
:# h & +
) ,h
/ dI
Y b
( :
: # RQ
56 8
78
%M : \ # ( W)*
F Q * B * EK
,a P v
"K &U
T
R# P & +
yB H I J?
W)*
Ka
?>
& +
v d @% V 0
% & +
8 & M y & " #
56
" 78 : , X +
( "
A P & +
8 : #f : T 5 (
+QH
E F
: H%
X(
X N )V
#
Y6 "
i%
&
& +
:
iz
:
# S W)* :/ d I V 0 Q u 6
2 iV > 8 &
, "% ?>
V

Q*
K#6
W)* "
X@, > _R
: #
{#
"RW:" &
Q*
%t &
:>
2 A d P Y XM/ 6 9
& +
8"U
:X/
)
dh%
d
t %
#< S
a >
U
?>
& +
* )b
&
P : YV : # O
: W 4 t
: ` E}
V m@
*Z 6
" 78 * + Q
+
(
l
) %
?>
& +
R_V :\ ", (
Q
?>
& +
:

_R
H
#+
0 ( L @ V ( , ( P#
# 0
: Q*
56 U
" 2
1# &
% :
, P# ?> ( U
"
rssr
"a
P
: i/
) !
3 &P d ~h f&> ?> ( H I J?
U
% 1 2
"R*
i _
"RW:" "%
,& [ b
: H F
%(
W)*
?{
%
,a P ^ A
EZ "&w - w < 6
:a K
%7P

4
: \&
N
V
#P
iR (
&
3
%U
, &P V 0 # P iR ( # P
X@, Y
m
YV |
M u 6 "Q
%7P : Q 3
Q a@
" >
%U
% + } E:
R "%/ d $ 6 :# 2 A m
= 0
"
A P 3 :"
k ` B ,& M > "
A P 3 :"
Y B "
# %
: H
" * * %
>
( "
!
Q @0
Q e
" 7
V f+
%
q
> 3 :A Q T @
M
,%
B H I J? "

k
# 0 : H

.A X
&>
?
0
@? % Hm 6
" R, !
( `
:i h m
( "
" ,& : H
#
,

B "
K` : H
E:] :
~ h " * * %B
"
Q
[ > : H
& ?>
i P
& ) : ~ h 0 H

B H I J? " 0
@? : H
%
Q>

# 6
P A :
R
,a P b
H 78 :# , ) i
R
<
:\ } 6
78 &a d
Z 78
`&
- h %H" 75S
%
d T&
A V A V
Nd"
)?
O
" 2
3#
%H" 75S
,a P / d I
|
V 0

H
%# h
3#
%H"
5
:
& ? T
0 )] h 6
, a P :i & %
T
gi
H I J?
?. [ ? )?
R
\ %
,5 H
:a h
N O
XP 6 8
78
>V
"
: ,X +
YV
. )
W)*
?>
& +
B
G& T
? B Q?
B L ,P
"
T &*
B
3&
& +
B d @% H" a ?
%1 2 O
&
# Q6

8
. d
8 ?. [
56 d
H
%t
3 7Y6
'
>
?. [ ?
G& &
"
?
H
HR 3
"#
U %E %\ ? :
"b w 6
" Z
%78
. d 78
,a P H %
%Q + f(

H%
&I \
\ % C2 Z
"
:
X
N]
V _# \ ? 3 V
56
P : iQ
_R HR 3
:a
: :
i% d h N X?
A
+ u Y , % 6 % 7 #
8 X
g 8 U
"
^
_R
, ?( a ?
:R/ z ( ? +
E:
`8 5 :
& "b w 6
*
%78
7: l K ;
b , #!
&
U
}
"% " 7P
%V
O
\ % %N l h
0
HV <
56
8 . c d 78 "
. d
: R
, % > b % RW
H &3
@d
"b w 6 d h %
` ` :Y%( f& q
& % +
"#
U 5 id 56 R0
", 5
A :U"
) " K 6 \ #V P
T*
v d @% &

:
H y( H I
J?
% A
A >
G 2
"Q
+

# @A
%U
"Q 5 " K 6 &PX t
"
*
$
:R# Z
R: $ &3 6
K &UX
f3 ,
Z#

":5 / u
a

`9 6
W)* "d K O
&

0 X Q (
W)* O &
@P " K
V 0 K { >
0
#k
"&w - w 6 8 . c d 78
78 : / Q , ` &
RW
^ A H ; 7
' ( : R
: #.

3
" N % Y
@d
:i& h 6
" 78 " K # <
,
. )P
,a P
Mh i%
% :'
T
?R} %a h
<
:
3
X z
Y , % 6 :'
+%
O
A a @T
", 6 &, :' ( O
" 2
, a P J?
T
E 3V
56
8
78
8(
A P
?
W0
D
T
U

%b
"V 0 )
N l h :a h &
"
@% V
'
%a
5 :
& "b w 6
8
. )P78

& +
& iR (
h R0
V 0
%?RV
& )
Y h 6 ?V l
%
& +
0
"Y:
56
"(
N
+
4 t
3d ) B
E .
)f% / * B
L ,P ? 0 A # ? : V
B
iT & A
2)
*
c
56
8(
\ %
Q+
%a
(
:
T*
" K#<
,

. )P( Q *
4 C
) ,@

"
%V 2 )K
`8
\?
&
R
6

3 (
:a

N G P rssp
!
" #
$% & %
1 w ?# K n
m &U ( 0 T Q
onrrror

vi


a?

" 78 : , X +
(
^
?>
& +
% i2
% ?{ N
#C
: #Z
: i #
, % :# , E:]
& R/
i i%
V 0 Q H H
[ b
< 6 . +
%

b 7 % "5
# f( RM"U
: i__ L , P B / * ? 0 A # ? " > E:]

"%H"h 6
rso " ^ ( Q K + @M( %1 2
E:*
" > ( " [ &U > B
@ >
M > B L @ V B
q
B t :b >
&b > B
0 ` & B 0 MB m M > e M &
,a P & +
i < 6 %1 2
?
" #+
B W
>B ;
t > B , B " q P B %PB
8 B
5 %B 0 @ B
%@ V B ; ` > B _ ` K B WY B %q > "

>b %
m
A
Y #
v P %
Q rssr( % "a
P X
) !
3 &P "
d
: 2 iU
y
%1 2
?
& A
&> ?
EK i a h
56
% 78( E:*
L ,
" >r " % B # 0
P#
J? " 78
* +
5 56 ! @7 U
,
?> & +
i% 1#
\
R
b
% ", ( E:] + ,
* * ?
%U
C P
& +
aX 3
^
< 6 P E:] V 0 ?A h
Z "&w 6
?V l
?>
& +
-
R0
%7
: / T _R
H
V a
B R# B ] Z
&>
%&h N
B H* >
) i
:" Q
V 3
4 C "YiR 6
'
3 ( & % % 3 >
"O Mh S :# ,
L ,P
B ? O
0 A #
d A
3 E
*
" A 56

% i $ R
" 78 : , X + Q
+
"
:
)9
5 56 d K
L ,P
Q@
@
: #Z
Q
( " 78 : , X + Q
_R
+,
" 5 H
:iQ \
5 :d

+,
&> ?
_?& (Freedom House) : * E,
W)*
+
"E
2
+
. K %7

:d ,
,N = n

8 "
78 # 8 A :
b
)
"
Z#
[ 56 L , P
" > 0 ,
L ,P
)@ 0
*gh
d
]
: 3#
%1 2
v
? B A R
[ V
"
?
y
56
%1 2
&
_%0
i%
@
%1 2 ?

^
V `
XN
& q
( "
L ,P
" > H
3

0 )] h 6 " > 0 ,
"%
Ha
:
V ( t [
:3 #
Q # &
%
W:
i%
A `V 0 ,
56 L , P
" > 0 ,
V 0
P
3*
:d h L , P
_! (
t @% P 4 # N :V , b )@0 ( 0 ,
L ,P
&
/ ,,
0 ,
56 E:] (
&f) &
>
?N
&
\ Ph (
4
&
V - (
?
3 &P
,a P
8|
. 2 f % :R Z 2 )K
3 ,
56 " 78 . c d 78( L , P
" > B %1 2
?
%1 2
&
: h "
"
A V A
-aI
;
< 6 % 7 # ( U
A
"
:>
:Q d )@0
,
vH 0 A #
B / * B & "
Z " B i y :
H
d h N 56
Freedom House, Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 19921993 (New York: Freedom House, 1993) R. 6 v rssp :
H
"_W
N K rssp
5

rsp
rssp

8 "i
.K
8 3
:
%7U
T
A "
A P

: H; E:] H% , i "%
X 6 "
N K rssp( pr
] < E:] + ,
" P %
p :# _ _R
3 :"
%
f6
8 0 ,
L ,P
Q@
@
. ) "
%d l h m
0 ,
56
%
*g ,
#
, ! p _R
rn 3 :"
(
H
#+
# 0

:" Q @
i _
:
B H
)
+
;
:" Q @
?
& +
:
B H
#+
% B

Q
t >
:" Q @
+ , P L ,P
Q d
:
B H
#+
P#
P
:" Q @
% i2 [
%
:
B RM$
H" "
V a
&3 `
: H* Y 6
b u
^
_R
" G d / * ( L ,P ? 0 A # ?

, ? % H* 6 ! @7 " 78 : , X + Q
+
.K
%
_R
iQ \ ( " 2
P : \& G d
% , ?
V a( ^
_R
V { :
|
& +
%
NO )
` H @ i %a
56
i _
D
B N z A :+ , b
? l Q * B

: Q#
&
,a P Q d
V U
H 3 f
``u
d
< 6 ) !
3 &P H
lz
z V
< t %
.
56 :# :c
E:
Q "? L , P ?
Q @U
e 3
.h
< 6
A 0
"` u t %
V 3
% A hd
T
A
T
<
, ?6
R0
& +
V 0 ":5 .
56 "
: X@, > _R
,?
E:
+Q
+
( $ " RMI &
% ?{ N
% R
#C
, 4 C
T <
< 6
WA I 3 ( Q : RW
% A U "
[
%
W: * EM )M H :Q .
f756 " :\ d $

V 0 (
..
3 &P i2 [
E :a h 0 A #
B L ,P B
/ * B _%0
@
J? H%
( % %

. 3)
H
:'
Z
S i% J? # U
& +
::if
C2 K A
Q
R 3h
&P
@
6
P A
Q
V 0 "
A V A }
% "0
(
# 3 I :'
R
R
%
(

2d

*
Q A
%

, t % 6
T )
%78
}
56
P A
Q
Q
0
% h(
O i
J?
%a
V
%\ ? 6 Q *
W)*
& +
,
. [ % ( W)*
,
E
& Qm
")fa U
H%
X
W
h "% d f 6 P E:]
W)* E:*
)] J? ")u
a & ":5
%X A 6
%
+ & [ h :
"
T &* Y0 )
% )@0
T Y(
% & V 0 %
6
"
% b u
& +
b
% l
:R Ha ?
%a
756 l ( Q *
?
J? %d Z
< 6

:)V

E:*
)
Q @0
Q d
% "5 Z
< 6 " R, "` u
(
R, Q *
,
%?. [
3
*) &
?T V
H@U
" >
3 EV h X
Y %} Z
< 6 ! @7 V
U
G;
# ( H 78
+%
%
?
3*
P
%7P E:] d A
0 W:
&)
+
%1 b
f6 8 P "R

&+

y6
iT
g
W)*
B ?
H 6
Freedom House, Freedom in the World, R. 6

: h "

"

R2

&

& +
& %

56

P A : (
`} "

9
<

: /
6

3*

"

+i

1 .
"
H 78 : / Q
% 3#
%H" R,
a b
% `8
Ha ?
%a
56 G! 0 ?
A `?

B d
?T
%U
E:
?>
h 3
&
.
< 6
}
a >
( H
3

%7P :d
* * ? B
3 d PB 4 ?>
(
1 .
N %75
Q+
:a
[ b
Q*
V V z
%a h
< 6 : -N|
3 > ( ,
1 2 ? i _ ? + u "i_g
* * ?>
,a P
RN z
R %a h
< 6 P
Q a@
3
:# :A 3 " 2 Z
56
\] V
T
gi
& %
3
%O , 6 + i U
" *
\?
%a
S
:1 d h
!
3 ":5 ?c V
56 1 2
?
:E]
"
:\ d $
`
(
7P
% GV
:R * *
4 C
H\ , h
%a
56
1 2
O
:_, i

%_
%H V
F 3 "b 6 "

1 2
[ V

"R*
:N l

U
"R*

A
O

0 ,

( P
. 0 ,

WA I
56

C P

:, + ,

NO
: +N
< 6
U
&> ?
*

V <
A

YRV &( ? h
f
% i _
?
%&R
% 56 :# :A 3
,a P
". !
qu
T
t &PB
1+ :>
: Q
:, + , [ V ", 6
&> ? (
+
"h :E
# :# :A 3
, a P + u "% 3
< 6
e e
: YV i _
.u
%3
\ ? &, :a
( R,
i P *%
%
6 %
# ( 4
*%
:
A h
i% V 0
:Q d h "` u
":5 ?c V
56 Q
7P " E:]
H? :a
% "
T
*%
H
d
?Q V
"%H"
6
:a
& T * Rd B &
>
TA P : H
"E
Rd
YRV &( 8 "R*
O
78
d{,

^A
?A &
Y h 6 *%
:# :A 3
A
!
5 :i&V 6 E:]
3 &P %H@# S
* ZI
H* ] I
% W# S ^ A V 0 %T 6
*%
( ! @ J?
+i (
A
!
: A "h
T )
", 6 P
/ O
& +
H
3

.#
Y
6
*%
& + i J?
P :
& +
7P " z : # :R
%\ ? 6
a > :
A i _
?
:3 #
2 )K
. !
&,
, S
P :
% A
Q
2 0 A #
@
V 0
"
3 O
&, : \
:+
56
8 " @ 78
&>
A
Q
"
E . "R
*
56
i P
"0
7 5 % %{ 6

"

) !

, a P( 1 .

3 &P(

R:

i2 [

.h
& +
"
@%(
W0
) !
&h N
R
$ %a
%a ? 6 % 7 # ( 8
R0
", ?6
)M h ( P :
% )f%
E:
: iQ
, ? l Q *
i _
H
, ? l Q *
q , ? l Q *
N % 5
, 8 " / *%
:# , ( "
&>
%a
56 %
# ( " 2 78 %
0 )

3 &P H

"R* 78 :
H
: R & "
,
5 .b
:
6
T

. R V 0 :"
)V
J? ", 6

lM
H# V P
1
6

D 8
Ha ?

"O ? I
& "N ( P V {
, J?
7P % l
:R
& )
a ? %a
6 P & :
h
V {
,
&
Q@
3
H%R#
O A I
R
%a
6 8 R0
G ) d A "%t 6
"
A P
& +

H
T L ,P
, ?
3 # f :H" "%t 6 R,
& +
( "
U
A
Y
:) , h : # f #
Z
% Q

Y %} Z
< 6 % 7 # (
P

"
A P . ) . .
:3 #
t % (
"
#U
& +
:
5 Q*
&
V >
:3 #
: #
56
, a P(
& #
)

YV
Q 0 0 | %a h S
'
3 : , %
Q*
H
:
Z
<
:E V & 6 H 7P " # 0 "
rssoB "
%q > V 0 " rssp :
Y(
"* @
?
V " "

i
Z
& Z ( i% P ?. [
% 3 i% V 0
U
)
%Q / 5B % Q fB i% V 0 %
h6
,a P
#Z
H 3
:a
Hd G} %a h
<
[
A T
%H"
56
U
* *
"RW:" :T 5 , ?
l%
" M
" &
: H;
4
(

a R f %a h
<
[ b
"%" 6
E:m
% R
%
N % V A
%. # 56
U
V 0 "
%
i2 [
%
Y
f6
&+ :a
"E
R: N %75 [ b
%" 6
P 4
"V 0 )
Q c
"% h
<
:
" V "
: iQ
!
G
E %a
56 H 7P " z : / Q ( 4
* *
RN z
"
RW

0
&, N d I
:X N
"R* *
J? &, %E
3 8I
a O , + u
,
t % "%&
S
V h?
V 0 "%E
6 &, 8
#" (
^
Q*
U
"

R
& H
f
}
56
9
R
8"U
E:*
%UB ?}
A ;
_R
B
P : iQ
_R
i% V 0 "E
/ *? L , P ?
R
' %a h 6
H 78 + %
"
T &* G;
& %a
%\ ? 6 "
% i2 [
%M
& 3
R T )
,
% 56 H 78 + %
X z "
%m I :
\ ? %a
756 ^ A 3
.
:a
%
i2 [
R: "%Eh S
_, i V 0
:3 # "%t 6
9
:&);
&
G
(
W)*
? % i2 [
%
( 3
i_m
%3 * =

Q "
& +

^A

% i2 [
+ U
/

3
U

%
h

i2 [

%
%a

R,
_R

% i2 [
%
:a h ( ?{
4
& R#
N %

%
(
/ *?
2 if i% V 3 d %a
)@0

A @?
h6

% i2 [
%
% RW

3 ` . N % 56

U
H 3 f
h "
4
:A 3 ^ H3 V )

" 2
:
*#f "
/ * B L ,P
i% i _

"i
G& &
%7P & +
56

L ,P ?
h6

?. [
?
P
V 0 "E

)M
) ,@

NX
"

& +
m H
:

` R^
&

,a P " t
a c
:R

l
a >
"
:Eh "
&
56 `
&
" ?c
Q*
f &, :
d ( E:] ":5 % \ S P & +
V 0 &3 "
"%
6 ! @7
& +
"E

\z
i%
:a h
' ( l 2 U
3
} "
?{

:
56
"E

` 8 \ ? %a
5S % 7 #
>
G& &
?
& :V 3 d N %756 "
"E
/ *
a
b 0 &>
: V
B
.b
"E
?V * B
?}
A ;
_R

^A
A 3 ^ %a h 6
>
? "
% h 3 H 78
:" Q h N
E ? "% h

?{
N %
'
\ &;
tQ

_R

?. [

3
V :# ,
56
Hi3 V : & "

RV

"

%7P 4

>

?{

?A
" R*

,i
V 0 N#

4
E:]
Q
?
H %b %3 * B
E:]

h "
A 6

:a

2 0 A #

&
Eh %3 * 6
N
"

:i
T
d )<
", =

" @
%M H

3 &P
&
Y h
t %3 * "

*
,? V 0
V 0 " %

)i V 0 [

P A U d
% 5 :d

& +
%

" *)

O
Q
tT
56 , & & !

?> H :# b =

& A
"Y @

?{
R
B
" @
?{
6

H %,
:d /

N#

%3 * B
3* B

>

?N

"

Yh
, &P V 0
%, h
rsro( "
3 1& & "V 0
"
&

% RW
V I
fB

Y 2A

&
"
&

"% d

C .
1
iV ;

56 { |

Q
t T B ?A h
&
B V & M ?
*) 3
. +

)
%M
R
(
? h
f + ? ? %
6
z
H
: / Q(
& +
" 7P %7P E:]
&%
3*
+
:
HQ
56 P : / Q )?
"
%
L ,P
" > H
:A Z ( "R*
%12
O
H
"0 "
m I
_, i H 7P :3 * 3
"%0 )# , 6 8 "0 78 "
: .
)
: :
< [ 6 "
3 ( L ,P
:
H
"0
?V l
?> & +
< [ 6

:
"

4 Patrick Sarsfield OHegarty, A History of Ireland Under the Union, 1880-1922 (London: Methuen, 1952)
R. sosr6

H 7P "
) d
: " < ( R, Q *
"
3
X
&
:.
Z ( I
#
a
HQ
%a
6 R, J?
&
.
: ,+,(
& )h
& +
) F B A V R
:
R,
"i
?. [
H :a
t % %& 6
"0 "
% h

I
$
Hb
8 T 78 G;
& %a
756
" 2
* * ?>
, a P :3 #
)
O
A & R
"%t 6
&,
% 3
H I :# ,
R
- V "V , Y G;
:'
R
K
(
(
R
?V l
` R.
"%
V 5
&?> (
*
Q "
,a P H
( l& &
V 0 & H
;
H : ah
R

"%a h
<
F h 3
&
iR
N % "%t
:
z
"b 6
*
J?
,a P "
X w
G )
: '
# 3 %Q c
E@
&?>
"%
V I b
%'
*
J?
R, Q * (
,a P
*
& : a ; N %7<
7P # g
Q@
H 3
:a h :
E
%a
6
, a P H%HQ f H 3 &h :a h
R
d/ b
", :
"
T &* J?
Eh %a
6
&>
%
?
%M( P 3 4
a[ @
i%
3 &P
: RX
:
X d
' % ( % Y T
"
?` V
` 875
:
"
T &* J?
Eh %a
6 8 T 78 %
d
i _
.u (
!@
7P "E@
%
%1 2 "R* O
"% %{ 7

A .

:
R, + %
3 4
"
d A
`8
T &, :' ( "V @%
t % "
: H# h
3 Y h 6 "
R,
( P
) b
N
Q
& %H?
V 0 A V R
3 * G;
t %
& : H ( P
b 3 4
"
d A :
"R
\?
%a
6
"
iQ a
:
:
H
:3 #
"V 0 Q A
:
HV
+ h :a
:# ,
"
56
? V %
U
iR
"

P
:Q 0 )h
/
# . c %a h 6 l 2
%

& +
i%
3`.
L ,P
3
78 " @)M :/ Q "
":5 : X, Y 56
P H a
N
( H
_%0
H@ ( Q "
i%
2[

h
A
Q
:
H
Q
& :\ ?
:
h
)3
d
H
"%H"
6 "
R,
Q
>
A V R
:# _
3#
"%3 *
6 L ,P
&
&> ?>
, &P
&
:
N %75 P
)
Q
>
?A &
:a
6
:*
% L ,P
& V 0
:
%t
5 : . 6 8 0 ,
:
X z
"YV
0 ,
"%t 6
% "(
>
&>
?
"
% h( :
+
& +
H?V
:a
?
R "%t 6
:
X z
H

%?& h 3 "b 6 "


b
: R
, a P ?A &
&, :&
&
&> ?>
i P :
R f

"%
6 :
/ dI
&if

&

%a

&5

!@
h6

J?

"

1I

:O iz
:
:3 V
? l Q *
%
,
G;

E
%a
756 d @% i _
.u " 2 * *
% R, d
^A +
h( b
Q*
L ,P
U
YRV & Q @
E 3V
56
,a P & +
i _

,
&
:E
& % % E:] V 0
%. i " :' h
!
:
H
N]
,+
%a
6
&>
? ( R, )@0
V
1 .
3

1 .
i3 h
RV
_Q ?
*
" H] V X
%"6
& +
:
(
R
:
Q @ :
a )V
(
^A 3 G )
, "%t 6 1 . (
, a P * )@U
"
)M E:m
:"i
?
& "# H . :a
% 56
% :'
!`
) `(
% * )b
#3 Q "
Q
;
B
L ,P
, B
3 d
i _
&
H B
3&
&
" <
E:] %
B %a h
< 6
P
>
& :\ ? 3
H"
)
?
& :RN (
& & Q @ :
3#
[ b (
,a P
i P [
H
:E;
R

%a h 6 P :
:
2 ?
& :a
t % (
" 7P % :
m
3
R V > H` N
%a
756
iR (
?
":5
>
"
:' h
& +
V 0
F "
:Q 3 "h
3(
,a P _ U
3 :"U
)G;
h "
:
" ? %a h 6
&> ?>
:'
R
, a P ~U
i |
)V
E
"%3 *
6
&> ?> ( t [
&
:
: b
2 iV >
,a P
N l h %3 * 6
Q
L ,P
"
A U
Hb (
, a P J?
"
1 . w
H, ?( :3 #
% 2 ?
:
(
&> ?>
[
E;
V d
:3 # X
5 \ ? :a
6 "
H 78 + %

( P %
F :
Eh :a
( " "`
i
P
(
,a P &
&
\
"E
+
X P R
?A &
?. [
R " : %h ( %
i
Q+
N % 56

"

8
W)* :
l K;
b
%U
:
h(
W)* :
Eh :a
& ? " " >
:
%3 6 :
\ % H
:Q A
d @N
"
T &* YV M6
:
0 ,
U
iR
td [ b ( 3 4
# RQ
d
>U
0 )
Km
%X A 0 ,
"%t 6
:H :3 #
R
"b 6
( " :
A :U &
) :
:?& ( W0
d
?
%U
R ?P
T*
)@0
"%t 6
"%(
A :U
&
) :
+
%
%
P
iR
:iQ
% 56
"
3
" :3 #
^A # g A U
"b 6
iR ( P "
/ W
: Q 0 0 + h ?)
%"0 MI ( P iR )@0 H ?
% R
",
iR ( V A K 7P &
) O h
)2 d ( )@0
:N )
R H 3
& :EG
P iR
% %R

W)* A
. *
%7U
H af N
:3 #
R ` (
:
&
)
Hm "% $
6
W)*
^A
#_
:a
7
' (

:
%7U

l ?. [
H
:a
d
W0 V

%M
\ \ P iR
R `
56 :
/ ,*U
\% Q
&> ?>
%
R f %3 *
, a P\ "
&
. A
&> ?>
:_
% R f ",
"
*( &
)
H
' % ( d iHd iR
%
PI iR
%M %
W 3
& :E

O
\ % W
%a
[ h
& R
N % 56
d iHd iR " &
)
2A
% A V R
%R
H
b
d @N J? "R
56 "
)?
:
A V R
B
.*
% d
>
"b 6 d iHd iR
7P : , < R, R %
S
)@0 V 0 R,

% V 36
A h
?>
& +
"
`N h
3
&> ?>
%
% +%
A V R
R f %a h
)@0
%7U
?>
& +
H Y % % #h P
vQ e V 5 i _
D
YRV &y " 7P : H
3 &P
!
: ,,Y
E
&> ?>
i P Yd GV h H I
Z H
"# % "b
8 " :
H` N
:a
R
5 [
!@
R
(

A U 3
%3 * 6
% +%
Q@
H
%a
{ | :Eh
g i 7H
7P
&> ?>
O
GV u
0 Z
i% V 0
2b
: # Z % %{ %RV V

:O -

,a P

,a P
) , @ :V a
: X@, 5

", ?6
TU
V 0 H
& B m B _ PB A
Q
G
:

Y/
h6
,a P
%
.2 m
R
78"U
7 "%E
6 " :
" J?
)@0 U
)G;
<
: 56
"
:'
:
(
,a P
W)* :i_
+

R
: `)
Y h 6
&?>
i P
a
h
, a P :'
+%
+
" H
:a h
3 W
"R
56 H 78 + %
+ V 0
H% I
I %/
6
i P
C P
A
[
:
&
?
H
"
Q0 u
%i.
)T '
%a
6
.
?
4 C
% < 75 0 ,
"%t 6 ?{ ?
+, ,- ?
?
:3
&
#, b (
,a P
t
H
f
* * ?
# "Q
.
%a h 6
. E:*
? ( * *
+ ` P \ ? :a
%M
@%
0 ,
56
8
f V 0
,a P
: , % Q
_V %a h 6
K{ @
{K
w H
:# b = , a P P
2 iZ
% a
R
N %
<
" ) ? }
6
H a
>
Q
& :\ ? ( , ?
2
:
%t
?
5 V M6 "
WA
>
H"(
,a P
&+
? 3V
.
", 6 + i
:
%t (
?A h
"/
0
%7U
>@
h>
"R* *
?
>
?Q 6 V
: :
H
<(
L ,P
" > i% %1 2
(
1 : 5
, &P N l h
:a h : Y, "R*
56

5 Krishnalal Shridharani, War Without Violence: A Study of Gandhis Method and Its Accomplishments (New
York: Harcount, Brace, 1939, and reprint New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1972) R. no6

% +%

Q@

,a
&> ?>
W)* Q @
;
" t%
(
`
Eh &, :a

A T
YV < 6 h Q @ :
Q@
&
d A
% >
5 0 ,
"%t 6
)M "0 [
"{
3d
& : d X
* * ?
& +
:Eh
#
a
h
"l
*
l Q@
0 ,
"%t 6 g ,
^A 3
Q@
%. ?) f6
"# _E I 3
V
a 0 ,
56 %
,a P Q@
7P "
i% 0 Q P Eh :a
Q@
: %{ "%t 6
`
J? "b 6 %G +
1
:
)@0
N :: %a h [ < 6
iT (
,a P
Q
* * ? B
3 _&
Q "
Q@
?
3&
?{ N
R &[
: #f
*
R
T d
%
1
i
"] b
3
a %a h 6
?>
& +
"
&
a .h
*
vA `
*
y ":5 "R
(
% I
. h "% h 6 Q @
*gh
:3 #
R
#"
*
XN b
"%3 *
6

&,
"
:

&

H
: R (
A P
? ( "
O
&
& C
" %3 } %' 6 H 78 + %
&
3
Y %a
756
& +
# P "%t 6 "
: f Q*
V 0 U
f
"%3 *
S
,a P V 0
% iQ
!
+ PZ
.h
3 Y b
6
l
"K &U
H
:# b = R#
,a
& +
:'
+%
& +
)V u
75 "
:'
m (
& +
A "%Q f 6
?>
, a P J?
V 0
< 6 V a
U
"` V
&
@<
%H"
56 v"
) d " *)
U
V a
: : H .
[ 6y
"
% l * !
Ka ( V a
, a P 1Mc 75
56
W0
,a P l
<
:iV 6 "
L @ V : #
a iV
+Q
+
rsorsso i V h S "
q
t :b >
"
?{ Q z
( " rss ` g } 6 "
T
0 @ : #f * *
i _
& +
( "
rs iV
H,
R `
% Qz
3
N % 5 i } b 6 "
[
: #
% E i _
"
?{

"! A + 56 "
rs(
% d M &
& +
0 t& "
Qz
i 6
i P
I %
Yh
& H} ( " K

0 t&
d H
:i.
6 "
Q rssr( "
A
Y
"a
P : i/
X
) !
3 &P
%
+
L ,P
" >
X h 6
A KI
,
+ M,
: #
3 :"
"
+
B
Qz
"! A
.

" ` 6
1 2
O
&h N ( %1 2
V 0 V
% :
A :
3 % 56
&
A
Q
Wu }
$
Hb ( ?A :# , 3
V Yh
!
:Eh 7
' (
%1 2
"R*
O
J? G d , ?
.
%a
56
")

+ @
:
t "0 "%t 6 "
@)M
: / Q "
H I J?
"
) d
: #
E
H

6 Aristotle, The Politics, transl. by T. A. Sinclair (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England and Baltimore,
Maryland: Penguin Books 1976 [1962]), Book, V, Chapter 12 R. nprB npn6

:A Z ( Q @
" >6

"u Z

10

"0

"b S L , P

Q,&
&

#% %

Q@

:+ Q b A
Q
E . lM
"%t 6
h. &
>
, B ? # ?N
%
6
)M h 3
L ,P
%M J? %
56
&> ?> ( RW
%b
+V 0 )
%
NO
,
T
YN 5(
@
& +
"
L ,P
H&d
&X
"%3
6
8 3
\ % % "
&> ?> (
Qe A :
#;
%M
Q
L M& :?
( H 3 & :a
%M \ % ?V ; %a h
Q % H 6
%78 " 7P ^ A 3 3
%i_m
V L ,P
8
A A 78
d @N
3
"%t 6 R,
Q
G
d @N
N %
56

1%
1%

E# %
%

P
%
"

^A 3
( "
R
"
_ >
1 3 v1%

%i_m :#
< "
L ,P
#
"Q
? " *)
d ,
\ 78 :&) %R =
_R (
E# %y [ b

P Q "% 3 ( 3
:+ # Y E# %
K
%
# 6 ,
Q "% %E# # 6
"E* % A
%T > 7

"E* % :3 R
%. ?) # f6

+]

"E* % "
G
Z
H%V (
"E* %
7P :0
H I
%R
V 0
#
)u
@&

& (
5
* E,
: 2 A X . ?. ! %(

"%

# 6 Q*

+ % # 7 (
I V 0 d
0 K
d
)&K
% A &> %3 #
"% X
6

V 0

,
H 2
P +]
6

+ P
P
{ U E# %(

"E* % H 78
=
8 h "3
" .
8 + ] Q "% * )h 5

V 0 H 78 # @"= "% h ( * )h :# - , 56
{ U E# %
MT
=
% d } 7 d
i&V "% a

V 0
"] , = i
i&V
a
# @6
{ U E# % l @=
&,
% V " . 3)
%78 + ] Q "%
a ? &,
%
3 3 b "b

{|
"d K Q
: #
V 0

{ U E# %
6

* " GV u

? "

~ (
P + ] Q "% F
: "> (
( P " 0
h + ? ? "# @ 6 P + ]
d

V 0
T
!f

N
6

"E* % ,

h : #

Q "% "
a
H8
" ! 6 P + ] Q "%

# C@
" &P %78
K a 78 3 :"
{ (Rule by Tricks) :
t % (
5M8
:
V w
%
1
. d
% 5
5 vrprrrpy6 5M8 % 5 &

56
P
q
"
Nonviolent Sanctions: News from the Albert Einstein Institution
(Cambridge, Mass.), Vol. IV, No. 3 (Winter 1992-1993) R. p
56

11

"# _E@ 5M8= R,


A P E:m
)
%t & ~XN
<
:R:I 6
8"U (
) H 7P 1%
E# %7 "%t
W)* V
U
" <
"%X 6 E:m
: V 0
I
I ~ A U ! ` %& 6

P
L ,P
:&);

H
lM
&
< =

&

56
)G

,a P
"%a h

8=
@d

L ,P

P & +
"b
:

Q "
:

`
* # f( :

<

%7P :R: : E:]


6
j
L ,P

%3 I :

= .
"R &
^ :V 3 B

v l

*#f

: d

v !

%
&

&> ?

=
(
A

& "

%U

R,
q,

3*

&

=
Q*
& +
Z "? & T * ?

P & +
a Eh
.
#
a
A *
*
?Q V :a
. ) i%

A P vRW Py

d2
V 0 : a mB

=
U
A P
B / *
gi B
%
. 2 :E
:, + , )V

j
9

y `
`
%

Py

R:
&

", S &, 8 V 0
% E:] B

,
=
P & +
` R:P ? l Q *

R
%

<

^
B

( *E > ?
1+ :>

B
V % l
3`. ( " 2
" >
X

2)
6

%
# ( 9
" @)M : /
4
L ,P
& "
a
W
% E:] B
A *
%
^
`
@
:
t
< 6 ?c T
V 0 "%t 6
h
A * B
W Rd
4
&
} t%
(
H T ) %
3 &P & "
)
J?
", 6
%( C P( E:* ?
@? Rd H
:&
3* ( P
Q
E@i
:'
4
L ,P
& Y V b N % %t & K
J?
H . %a
56
%
9
j
8"U
V 0 C P
% \z
%iV 6
, a P(
* EK
V YU
3*
:+ 3 U
R
T*
ldP
< 6 &, 8
W: :"# 5B :" z B i%
A *
Y "5
.|
HX

% 3V
56 8 3 (
i
%7P
Ka
5 0 ,
"%t 6 4 C
4
% 3V
"%t
h 3
P :V ,
#
a
W Ha
6
" 2
%7P :Eh 4 C (
4
&
: iQ 3
)R
a [ h ( " 7P & +
%
0
V `
XN
%a
56 8
V 0
I % V a
&
%7P b
&)m l M
56
& 3(
)`
4
& ( " 7P & +
I % V a
, & "\ Ph
?V l
J? H . %a
6 L ,P
Rd :Q "
@ (
%h l &
&
i% J? l % ? 6
#

12

" :'
3 &P :Eh D
i%
&7P U
C P
2

:E
+
i% V 0
% . +V
% Gf
,
Wu } : $
% 56
" 2
%7P E;
" V "( R# P :# _h
,a P & +
J?
H%
X( . 3 )
%7P :R: : A
Q
< 6

* E,
L , PH
rsp H :# b =
R* P vi h y & +
^A "
N u
%?)
' % N %75 +
:\ ? 6 R* P & +
2 M " 2 E:] " N u
? h (
A
!
+ Pf
.
"%
6 R# P & +
( E:]
a
+%
& +
@)M
%M &,
V < (
:>
" 7P %7P E:]
%
W
/ *%
<
:
t 6
)M
8 V 0 Rd
%7P "R
:# _

A
Q
H?A J? YV < 6

P %
#
+Q
? { + d ,
(
3 MW
[ @ & A x
&P ( %)
E:] :R/
% H
: &
\ 78 :&)
RM. f6 :# : E:]
" P
3 &P H?V - i ( 8
3*
V 0 4 C
2i
" V h ? t % (
P
$
3 &P ! @ J?
R: Rd
% i2 [
%
&
)G
"%
56
T
, % :# , E:] ( z
Ha
: "%
(
&P
%V V 6s
" z J? w t b 0 > M H 78 :&)
RM f= E:]
z h I :
|

` HV A
"%
56 4
I
R
:\ V 0
3&
\
%\ %V 6ro
H 7P "
) d
: R ( 3
L ,P
"
0
%78
T 78
*)
?
iD ?>
" 2
1#
8 H I J?
]
L @
?> B q
?> B B &b

" 2
&
5&
"
i
V 0 ?V l
&
"
Z "& ; 6
3.
8
V {
< "%t 6 X@u
%1 2
?
?c } "
s +
G
"] h H
Y %
h6 8
78 "
Z 0 : #f ~O b
1%UU
W: :"# %h
56rr %1 2
( "
X@, Y m
+, =
&> B "d K O B " K B "?&
>B
e
Z " : X@, Y
3 E:
" 3 K "? b
< 6
&
%

3 &P T
% . )
%. )

d @N
:A 3 ^
l

U
Q,&
9
:&);
< = vry " &
3 &P
3*
:Eh
% E:]
W0
V B vny
% `
@U
4
&
*
%
)`
W0
%
vpy E:]
A * f R
\ . ,
W0
,
6

%
_%0

&>
U
l
,,
3 & ?>
,
B * E@ B &L

&
/ *>

@
B / *?

&>
A
56
8 V 0
3 ? 0 A #

Q ( E@i
2
"
Q* B
i%
@ B %

8 Karl W. Deutsch, Cracks in the Monolith, in Carl J. Friedrich, ed., Totalitarianism (Cambridge, Mass.:
Harvard University Press, 1954) R. prppr6
9 John Austin, Lectures on Jurisprudence or the Philosophy of Law (Fifth Edition, revised and edited by
Robert Campbell, 2 vol., London: John Murray, 1911 [1861], Vol. I R. ns6
10 Niccolo Machiavelli, The Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy, in The Discourses of Niccolo
Machiavelli (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1950), Vol. I R. n6
11
8 :&)
. d
H = Gene Sharp, The Politics of Nonviolent Action (Boston: Porter Sargent,
1973), p. 75 and passim for other historical examples.

13

_Z
L ,P
Q d
a - * B % +V
H*
0 A #
B %
Q "
Q@ B A
B z 8O B & . c d
0 A #
Y/
6
" @
8"
%
)@0
"
3*
A
Q "
/ ,*
"
@ J? "R &P Y 6
"
8 ,i L ,P
"R &
J? )^ :756 E:] " " X
)9I . ! HA V h :a
, "?
@?
Q
2d (

q,
i% J?
3 &P "
)@0
NX
%
d
R
?
& :R f
K %O i0 6
"
i2 [ :E
? l Q * (
WA I 3 " A
Q
I % . !
E
"%
6
3 &P( d @% V 0
,a P & +
V 0 X
%A Q
56
H
T ) (
.
Q A
% H 8$
:"Q Q @ " @
"
,a P
8| (
W0
E:] J?
[ %& 6
iT (
@
8"
RW
Q
"
A
%7P b & +
:

t % ( i% V 0
-
i P
@
"
(
T ) , @ % "* @
A
Q
t%
Y :
6
%
# (
..
3 &P i2 [ :'
Q A
.
%7
H 78 :" Q @ # T ?>
@
"
+F ;
5 (
L ,P
" >
"
*%
'
%a @6 "
WA I
,a P
:iV Gh i% : a h
H 7P "
@)M : R "
: $
X ? L ,P
" >
E:
@
56
% *
( 3*
*)
H 7P " z : / Q ( A
&>
& ( E:]
:O i h i% V 0
:XN h
@ Q
Y .6 "
2[
Q
G .
%
A
Q (
% ,
" @
Y 6 l2
B
) Y
.
V 0
)
"R
GV

56
& + (
%7P A
Q
2 " @
7) %
- 2 (
i P
&P
2 0 A #
@
H z
i% V 0
,!
:
\0
@
R
&>
"R*
C2 fi
a h
", 6 " 7P
% rsrs _ ` >
Q? (
>b %
&> ?>
a-*
F , S " ?{
Qz
V 0
T
D X {
: i__
@
0 A #
\
% 6 "
i
Q0 >
( "
L @ V ( ~O b
%A `
0 A #

P
&
: + ,,
% 3V
0 A #
- 2 Z 6 H 78 :+ %
@
)* , "R
L ,P
?. [
E %a
6
8 0 ,
3 ?V l
V ?> & +
lM
5 0 ,
"%t 6 h X
J? %)i 0 ,
"%t 6 P : YV O
T
Y h
0 ,
J?
"%t 6
a > (
U
"R R P
& +
iR
E:] H #

O
. h 3V
&, :' 6

8 "
@)M : #
?>
& +
% d

?A
/ *>

: 3#
", 6

L ,P
/ *>

L ,P
0

" >
\ %2 i
8"U l

14

&
56

RV V
: :

# " ( ?V l

?>
& +
(
dh
,,
<
[ 6

" *)
?>

& +

V a

",

^A 3
?>
& +
%Q + f <
: &h 6
@
N B L M&B
i _
B " > 0 Q PB
1w
+ &H
~ P "_}
?c
>@
<
:C2 6 `
B R
E
% _R
)@0
& +
3 #K *gb
% Q 56
. 78(
&?>
, &P ":<
V 0 (
%YV |
%M" m
b
% "56 8 "
1 % Q+
%M" m
b : ; )
?
^ A "Y ?U
56
P F 3
56

" M&

@%

. ? ?>
3 Ka H
( % Q+K
h : $
R
Q+K
>
H
,
56 " M& :# _ ( d %
0 E
P %1V ?f%
!`[
# 6 " M& - |
Hb ( " I " & % & : # _,
"
f* &, N , U(
h
`
%H@\ , h :
# 6 R
3
f6 " I
7P f* H N H@( ?A
:
H%H%V (
I W > "N M U6 &, :' (
{U
% 3f P
0 % f* "%
H 6
Q
& t (
b
@
:'
T
%Q +
h
< 6 " 2
Z% "
Y
3 ( P
&
:X N i _
:_m
#k
Q
( " 7
t
[
:'
" h(
0 ,
I ( u U
&, :i3 " M&
%6 T
b u V 0
P

" M& :
"
*(
% Q B ?N B i%
/ | V 0
Y@;
V a
3 @. %/ G 6
8
H
8 * * ?
,a P
:
H
J?
G
", 6
V a
U
d ,N
"
-[ h
"
)
/ |
dN
?c V
T
Q + f %a h
< 6

V a

?>
V a
r

& +
?>

& +

G& &
V M
i% H . %a

& +
**

n A h d L M
`
L M
%a h 6
p

P & +
V 0 "Q ?
: #
H0

)0 0
:a

%7P & +
%

V {
'

)* ,
% .

:
# +
"%H? 6

15

:&);
%

Q*

=
B

(
3*

l
6

<

U
+

% )

T )
+

"

"Q

E ?

A I

{ P / ,*

A
G )
h

, d P @),
,d U
#k
"% 3 ; 6

& T
V 0

"

E
%a
%& 6

% Q*
?

?
R

Eh

s ?{

rr E:]
X
"
)M
% &d ? %\ ? 6
rn * B "? D B * E@

r "* @
R
r

L M&
i _

r 8

`
%

%\ %V 6

V a

?T

A @R

& : )

B l% B

P & +

i%

?V V

& +
%
m
"% 3 I 6
&P %
I 6

"

V {

' %

( #U
" 7P
@, d ( "
?T

78
?` V
R Z
"

V M

%7P & +

"Q

YA S

>

":5 %R_V 6

'

%\ %V 6 ?, l Q *
.d

i _
( " 2
V
) ! )@0 U H 3 f %EG 6

& +

r :# :A ?T
N % &, :
%a Q 6

.2
H I J?
%&h N %R Z 6

_Z
Q
(doctrinalism) %Q @ 6

rp D &
"

%
@d
%l > YfS i% J?

"
T &* : h . ) & T
:3 "V Em Y
6

3 4
B ? O
%_&< Y1 V m 6

& +
ro

S . ?. ! >

@)M . ) :'
A ( P & +

HY'

3 YV

& +
L M

P & +
XP
M

?T
&

& +

( !@

<6
?c
Q*
I % `

..
* A 1R

NO )

&> ?>
%
9
H
" M&( V A K
@%( H
:` }
%a h 6
P

56
V a
", 6 ?{
%
%&
B 3 4
"
1
V a
8"U
& 3
P &

8
3*

:" Q h
P & +

V a

(
% i% &)

,a P
>@
b

"5
+ B ? O
?V V
B
@
@
" > . A X
", 6
9
+
%?. [ ? V
3* (

16

,! !

?
H
:Q + %R
6 h
P & +
:A .
X2 u
5 0 ,
"%t 6
"
( h
g ,
:i_
: #
WW
"
R,
!
%d
"% # 6
a > U
A PI : # f
%d .
"% # f 6 H
: +
<(
P & +
l J?
iV
%a
56
8 0 ,
3 (
,a P & +
%
T
`
iV
%a h
<
0 ,
"%t 6 :'
:3 #
O
(
`
/
& %
E ( 3 J?
i&V 3 V
56 "
A P :'

&h N
+i
H .
:a
R
Y, 6 %
# (
# P : \
1V
:RN
O
(
7P
: Y, 1V :RN
"0 :, + ,
%
)!
)V
O
YV %a
56
", 6 P A U( H % f H 78 + %
R

17

z {
"/

0 &

i _
? (
, a P " 7P : , Y 1
H
YN G
"
l 0 %
) d
[

i _
%MB l
t &PB
". !

"
.

Y
6 " 78
,
E
3V
56 V A
[
& ,
`
J?
RM
56 "
& +
:
H
3
d
\ b R0
\ V "(
&>
O
( \
?>
& +
"` } (
T T%
) d :
h L ,P
&
\ %
P b "0
#" L ,P
" > 56
L ,P

" >

?. [
?Q

8 :&)

, , / *>

%7P
5 [ h "%"

P & +

V -0
%7P
N l h %a
6

V "%

,3 Z

?>

"
A
E

%1 2

\
@

RV

", 6 "R* *
:
)

"`

,-

V 0

% d

"R*

&

:# ,

3*

G) "
: YV O
"V 0 )
Nl

"V 0 : R
&>
A

)@0

%
(
b

A
%a

&
H
:Eh
Q
V 0 YO b 6

%R

6
Q B
6
S

) H
i _
?)
%a
6
T
Q @0
"X
V "
:
1 . d %

: Y h

", =
& +

& +

& +

) ,@ c
E:* ?>
,

" 7P V
1
O &
( "
?V
RW
%78(
,a P h 3
"
% i2 [
%
"%
) d(
?>
RM 6
% :# , "R* 75 V a

%Z :a
P "
:# ,
w
4 #N % "

"&e A (
a
6

" R*

#P
6

"7 #
6

+ ( L ,P
" > J?
"
: X@, Y )@0
2 * P d % :# , &
P i&}
. @? q u
B
3 4
"
d B i% J?
P % 2* P & +
)@0
?)
%a
6 %
# ( L ,P
" >
:# , "R* * 75 : 3 # 6 ! @7
PI
w
O
' ( : X@, Y "R* *
&, :a
S : X@, Y T )
?. [
1 2
dh
< S
:EV V B :1V B
". !
5 : YV 6

18

%1 2
1 2
56 1 .
%t ( A
Q
/ *?
L ,P ?
". !
5
? B "V 0 B A R B " > B
"
J?
%d , N 6 " z
%7P :V ,
4
A * (
(
W
&
9
: /
4
&

V & M

". !

" 5 :d , :
@, \
"R*
O
@
:N l h & "
Z" B 0 A #
B
: YV 6
8(
X@, Y "&0 ( H
L ,P
&
E:
: h
H
R (
3&
R:I :a h
&
A
Q
@
R
\
56 L , P
" > ( %H
1 .(
dh%
2 d :A 3 : "R* [ 56

%1 2

GV u A :
5 % L ,P
" > 1& T
: #Z
I % V a
( "
i%
@
( H
"V 0
E:* Q @0
Q d
( N % %
t
*Z
56
?
H 7P :3 *
: 3c
V
h
l Y&P
?
Nlz b
:a h
>b % @
", 6
"&
u P i%
)MI :3 ( d h
"R* *
%1 2
O
, <
", 6
9
"R* *
8
"
Q,Q
+ # %P
@
% l h 6 "V 0
V ,
v
0
yB A R B [ V "
?
%# _h 6
"R* *
"V 0
V ,
WA I 3
T @?>
t%
( H
w Q @0
Q d
% { + Q d
<
v "R* * y6 A R " Q , &
I T
@
% l = vy 0 A #
A R
vr "R* * yB v, y / *
A R (
A & P i a
vn "R* * y H I 7? "V 0 vnp "R* * yB v y L , P
A R vp "R* * y < 6 "V 0
A T
3 ] B %1 2
1#
0 +
v [ y
3&
:" Q L , P
@
( i% H"
& "
Z" B
" @ B 0 A # ? / *? @
:& ( r "R* *
/ ,,
%1 2
[ V "
? (
iT + %
"R*
56 : :
%79
rs "R* *
"
N C %78 A
8 Q e f "b 6
N O
B l 2
, B
:Q d : `
: &
P B
3;
:Q / # T ?>
: 3#
"/
0
%
^
79
"
@)M : R "R* * (
%G; @
& +
H] V
R
H\ , b
%a
6 8 " b
?> & +
Q A :a
56
" 2
i _
@
( "R* *
%1 2
(
N
" 7P
:V , N
N % H
%a
6 "
( A U
Q L ,P
&, :' ( L , P
) ,
"R* *
%1 2
iQ P < 6 R,
8"U ( P b
& +
%
*
&7P & +
%
A *
:" Q
< 6 %
A *
i% A R
" 2
: iQ L M
) %a
56

!
)3
) l2
&
"R*
3#
%a
5S "
!
V 0 Gh ) " > B E:*
Q @0
Q d
"V 0
YV %a
6
%(
" P
& +
/ *
G ?@? %T
_ 5(
V 0
7P :
P :# :A / *
' % ( / *
A R ( H
A &
"V 0 ( : "R* *
?
' %a h 6 P
& + ( P b / *
a C2 Z :R Z 2 )K (
X
"V 0
( :A ,

& A
v "

% [ @
y "]
E %a
6 "
"d %P
@ B
1+ :> B l
N R
)
d >
:" Q
"R &P &d
(
"R* *
"V 0
>V
% " 6
"
R, "R* *
%1 2
( Q*
%, V
R
aR f
%3 }
< 6
% 1& & i
PB
: ` A &
3 ,.
B

19

"V 0
":5 .

A T
3 ] i% "
1
> ) :" Q
"R* * ( "

%t % ( R, Q *
" R P ' %a h 6

"R* *
%1 2
( Q*
7P
+
?
R
%d ,
R
3

%a h 6 "
( Q*
"
& A
%id fS
& iXf 3 & A Y 6 t [ b
` `
%d . z 6 "
R,
!
J? (
(
& A Y* f6 i% J? "% Q A
[ b
A 3 } %a h 6 R, V 0 _%0
aw
" Km
4 ? :# ,
L ,P
? % \ } %a h 6

V 0 C
ZL `
,a P
H% , h ( " RW i% V 0 "
%i3 +
m
Y GA 6 R, Q *
2

. #
% 5 0 A #
( !@
#
* Eh (
. *
%" 56 H 78 :" Q , "R* * ( Q *
7P
+
%V
NX
^ A &, Y A & NX U
TT
&, :E ( T d U
" O
+ :: %a
6
1 2?
%1 2 ? O
Q : X@, Y "R* *
&, :' ( "
L ,P
" > :3 # 1 2
? ( ! @ J? # P :
+
%R# ( _T
?. [
H\
% 3V
56 u W
%7P
& +
H
:W8
3* ( P & +
I % ,
i _
+ u
H
:E
%R
6 4
a
%7P & +
Rd
YRV &(
%1 2
V & M
d A + i &, :' ( )l
%3 6
%1 2 V & M " 2 + 0 & +
)l
:3 "h l
a > (
&
%7U
" *)
v"
A P :: fy "R* *
%1 2
O
&,
O @N
56 %1 2
V & M "
& A L ,P
J? ":5
"R
56 " 78
& A
8 P & +
"
)M %1 2 ?>
, &P
< 4
(
M
)I :iG) L , P
T
56 8 V 0 "
E:] (
"
%7P & +
% RW
"* @
Rd
H I J? "

iR
Rd
? Y, + ) 6

!
3 ( ?
:+ 1 . " 2
3V
a?
%a
6 "
)M7P & +
b
. [
) 1 .
3 %a
6
i% V 0 R,
,
( ! @7
%1 2
V ( 1 2
"R* *
RV d d
' "% h 6 %
# (
: - ,
/
1 2
3*
7P %1 2
d, a
", 6 8 " 3 e >
"l 0 B A
Q "
,
B !
A U
&
3 # ", 6
%t % ( 1 . "
a b
%7P :>
?. [ ? "V 0 ) :' "R*
L ,P
" > ")
T )
E %a
6
K 2*
H
:A Z ( ! @7 "
%1 2
O
%
Q
T )
Eh 3 V
' (
7P "
i _
. u :Eh
":5 :i
56
iT
8 "R*
O
78
Y . |
4
"Y` V 6
%1 2
W)*
3&
)2 4 C
b
d H Nd
i%
C2 Z %/ #
%A 3
6 H 78 :" Q
N
i%
.2
d
P "
)M A
Q
2 b
%M
& "R

56

3h .

&

&
? B
@
A ;
?

%1 2
3*
:a
G& & H] V
X
<
\
h6
3 K 3 ( "* @
N
%
L M&
W)*
T

H
%X
R Z
" ` u
56
. 7P
G& &
$
Hb (
&
?
d
: ,
N % %t
d J? Y` V 56 d V 0
X&
?
Y V S

20

.K
%7U
"
: Qi
3*
T :a h Q *
V 0 Y V b 6 "
?{ 7P
G& & V 0 ( _ & %
2* P
75
:
(
% Y
N /
&
Y
A 6
&
? ( P %1 2

%
2
a b J?
%a
6 " 2 f( 3 h .
W)*
*
T*
8
" @)M : R "h
Yi3 V N % %t ( P %
?
G& &
":5
>
J? Y [ 6 P R
78
"u b :\ #
a?
%a
5S
3 . V 0 R,
&
: :3
>
?
Eh
%a
756 "
: iQ
> ( U
W)* &
G& & %1 2
&
%7P
& +
@
&, > )z
:# , "d
,
Q*
u W
R `
R f %3 * 6
:, + ,
&
?
^ :3
dh
)<
9
:&);
[ < 6
V @?( A
: `
&
.c B
?{ _R :d
*
V < B H I J?
W)* &
%7P
& +
:
H
: H &, >
#k
[ < 6
"
h
V %1 2
3*
|
: D I & 3 *
A b
%3 * 6 H
+
)O # %1 2
V & M
:" Q

h
3 "V , %P < 6
: iQ , ?
2
^ A : . f E:] H
V M
d @N "R
56
V I : :
"
P "* @
H; :a h
& 3*
%7P
G& & :, + , D
& :)l
56

>

u W

%M

l Y&P
3
:3
R
b ( L ,P
" > : Y h 3 4
(
3 K
Q 3
: Q Y( l 2 M :, ! iN + ?

56 l ! u
:# _
R Y, 6
PI
*
& ( d
%
W0 ( % G d
l2
, ?
RW[
56 8 V 0 ( 4 C
YRV &(
i P
%
. ) %1 2 O
5
\ ? :a
6
" H 78 :" Q , 3 4
( "
1 U
P iR
:Eh

??N
% %M(
7P " 1 2 3 4
Eh :a
:>
: Y, B
l
aQ
8a
B : X@, Y "R & L , P
?. [
,
56
Q K 8 , ?N
78( R,
3*
%7U
i P
7P : X h 3
m
:\ %V T )
E ? %a h 6 9
T )
8"U (
M
P i% P iR H % i% H a %a h 6
iT (
P
%1 2
,(
% RW
3*
W0
, H %b
H a
%a
6 "
( %1 2
%7P 2
O
( "
GV u
4
<
+
V & M ?
( "
"* @
%7P & +
%
B %
0
L ,P
G
H\
%a
6
"
.

V 0 "
1 i _
%7P
@ & +
E:
)] H, + )
%a
6 H 78 :# ,
?
P & +
) "E

J?
H\ , h %a
6
iT ( ?A h B V & M ?
. )
"/
0
L ,P
" >
& :Eh ( &
Rd P %P & + ( H I J?
1
1
: c Q *
" 7P
?
:>
a T %V ' 6

" *)

"R* *

%1 2
O
"V 0 "%t
"* @
%1 2
)

, ?
# *)
"R* *
5 , ?
. 6 P l 0 % "R*
^A
6 "* @
%7P
2
q ,(
& #P "
)M
*+
?
:i V & %
( i% V 0
)@0
P
( P O
# %a h 6 8 "R*
8
>
vGY y

21

%# _ 6 "
%1 2
O
( GY
TA P 5 ` N 6

!
X z
"Y` N
5S "
`N h
! V 0 ":5 @ "%t 6
WA 3 ( %1 2
O

%P 3 4
A
Q
!N( U
2
P H
V U
H
%+ 5 %R Z 6 8 , ? 78 5
U

Q,&
"R* *
0 , (
?EB
%1 2
l&
v
y \
6
8"U
"Y % a Q
%a
:
N] ( "
1
d
W0 V
*
& v %M u W y :Eh
:*
T
%
&> ?>
] h "b
:
+ l w 5 :?Q 6
P A U
Q
(
P "
: iQ 1& &
i P :
/ ,*
V 0 "&` [
& %H?
P b
%
%
?V V
V 0
*
&
: iQ
/
& : %Z ( P 3 4
V
i%
"V 0
:
d A
%a
6 8 "R*
8 ?E %# _ 6 ^
#8
R
8 + %a h
< 6 "
(
P
iR
: %
#,
%t &( R,
)@0 U
N % %4
6 H 8 :# , d A (
iN K
&B % d &
3 &B : # "E
&M %7P & +
J?
%{
(

3 &P H

i& %a
6 &, 8(
?E :d A A U
( H % :# , A U
\? H
,
N

. ) %3 6
,a P & +
@% :3 #
O
?E
d A
:a
"%t 6
%1 2
O
"R* *
GY
?E H ?
:a h
@)M
.
\ ? %a
6 E:* A R
" > B L ,P ? 0 A # ?
B
d @% V 0
*
& (
% &, :a
(
& +
"
/ * B
0 A # ? L ,P ? gi
3&
A
Q
,
% .2
a b
%
W)6 Q
%U
P
[ h "
W: : #
, &P V 0 :4
\
%
6 U
A P J? " &
& )@0

_, (
"V 0 )
+ %h :a h +
3
%
W)6 8 %1 2 l &] %# _ 6
" ":5 .

( P %1 2
l &]
\

M
.
%a
56
A P
%P
2
%M X
:+ %h + u
YN d I
~H
&
J?
%+ 6
%U
, &P
B A R
" > ( " :, + ,
I &, :# . A ( U
P ! @ &z
C2
"% h 6 ] Z
&> ?>
%P
2
%M
A U
W: %" 56
Q
U
L M
% +; 6 U
dh
Rd U
E:
U
A P
% . 3 S
%
A
Q
H
% b
V 0
%" 6 R
0 W: U
Y G)6 # 8 V 0
P
+ % "R*
, ? (
i% ?V l
%7P & + ( %d 6
P & + (
m

& J? "%E 6
f( 0 )0 ) [ h %iV 6
&

Y&
Hb (
9
" *)
"R* *
, ? "
3
$ ", 6 3
)V
<
:Q c 6 %
# ( "
: iQ 3 4
:
.
i%
I
@)M "R* *
, ?
&

&

J?
i_g }
Q A %a
56 "Y % "R*
. ",
:
A U( "
: X@, Y

(
t @% "
1 d
W0 V
*
&
%U
_@, a P iR
"
)@0
%P %1 2 O &
:
t & 56

L ,P
H 7P 1 2
& A

" >

&>

"0
&> ?

?I

M T )
X@, Y "#

22

:E (
U ", 6

%1 2

V 0

P l 0 %
&>
"#
U R
i _
"R* * ( %1 2
w
%
A P
E:] :i V " ) 4
" > Q+ U
?
XN fb
i% V 0
-
A P
K.
[ b
"% h 6
- "% D :N l & "i
?. [
,
56 %1 2
( E:]
H@\ , h
a b
"R*
?
8Z
, ( R,
U
"i
?>
< 6

[ T )
,
56 %H
"
)V
"%XN
6

C
"%Eh 6
A P L ,P
%a h 6 : X Y
%U ",
3
"&
i%
{
&>
"#
U
8
1 d
Eh ?
%XN h 6
9
"
"#
U
% %1 2

:&)
2
A P
O

Z
%1 2
O & " R*
I ( "
A
Q
Q "0
%XN S
E V
4 C
%P & +
% 3
+
Y&
6
%1 2
A R
L ,P
" >
*%
d ( A
Q
% :'
@
, %
&>
H
:2 iZ %R Z 6
%1 2
( H
Q
2
%UB
Q
2
&B
Q
2
? #B
Q
" *

H I J?
&>
* EM
" 2 4 C H :)
%R
6
H P " z
: R ( %1 2
O
"
E@iB V X
30 %

2 0 A #
@
A
Q
"#
U ", 6 8"U
P
A
Q
"
V
?
B
:'
a b
"
)`
":<
"R &P
&> ?> *
< 6
%1 2
( A
Q
" 2
w Q
L M&
%
@
3 &P %M a V
)V
%XN h 6
%1 2
( A
Q
2
@
(
4
&
a C2 f
i% V 0
\ . d )V
&, :XN b ( ) , @
KA
Eh
"%
S
V 0 %)l 6

a @-

%1 2

" 8
) d
8 H
: " < ( %1 2
:
@, \
w
0 A #
3*
t % (
X@, Y "R* *
@
, ? ( H I J? d h N
w
/ *>
/ , , 56 L , P
" > ( d @% " 2
( ?. [
\?
" ' % ( N

V @? YV < 6
, &P
"U
%
H
:/ ,
d @N YV < 6 V M !
%3 * 6 %1 2
\ % :# , "V 0
R
&
h H
:a
l Y&P
%3 * 6
"
: .
) d "V m
" 78
Q
N 78 0 , ( "V @%
&
>
?N (
t
\?
56

23

{} {
"V @%

&

>

?N

1& & L , P
" > " 2
?>
X@, Y
R
%a
6 "
A hd
Z
H 8 +%
O
WA I 3 % i
_ # ?
5 : # 6
lM
?
\ ? :a ",
X@, Y

#Z (
P l
a >
( 0 Q P i% G ,
% E; *
, &PB
V {
WW
4 C
4
B A .
3 ] B )l
"
)M _%0
i% V 0 .
%
"R
),
/ ,,
5 f6 "
R,
!
(
: iQ
3*
%
,a P A
Q
_ #
", + h (
.
%a
75
*g h
% R
)]
h "`
f6 "
"`
(

* ) ? l Q
i%
{U
, Rd H, + )
:a
&
P :i& h
! f a ? %a
6 RMI + %
( Q*
:
Hfh #
h
"<
&, :a
(
I : @), "
O
%. # f6
3 V 0
? l Q
i%
, :
%
?
2 ?
%
&#
|
@{
%a
6
i:] :3 #
R ! @7 R,

, (
WA I 3 3
% @ T )
f 756
2M H
Y(
&> ?>
, &P
4
%
, a P "%. # %
< 6 Q 78 V 0
\ ] V %\ &f
P
?
%, &6 "
R,
!
( % i
?T
)V
&, :\ %V
")
?. [
H
: #Z
` 756 P w & +
& i J?
' (
" "@ >
Q ` RK
V a :
H
?N
V " % w c (
V {
a #
)V
%XN h 6

"iN

"
)+
" 2
( ! @ % i E:*
# 3 "V 0
2i
H
:a
:H V "%t 6 %
# (
Q+ h
a
"V 0
"R* *
@%B P b L , P
&,
E:* &
W H I J?
1& T
3 # h :a
R
. ) "R
56 N
?
?
W)* E

+ u A
Q
>V (
H
N
R `
:a
"V 0 "0 .
"
@% ` 8 56

R
H ?
: M Q (
5
\ % H
?U
?A
?N
%3 6 P 4 # N :V , b )@0 "R
& :\ ? ( i% V 0
T )
% d { ,
R
' % ( ?N
)^ : "R &
%E 6
&
>
?N
:
A
( b
#, !
"V 0 )
a Nl h
Q e A )V
%XN 6

>
& +
"M :O , &
&>
G& &( !
+ z V f ( Rd V 0
` :
| &, :' ( 8
"
@)M : / Q
F " I Mc % $ 6
" 2 f( P
& +
4
\
V
a b

!
+ u B ?V *
%
,
%? 6
A 2. &
#_
Hb (
)<
7P , E

7P %
i
+ mI
# . h :a
a b
0
0 ,
56
8 0 ,
V 0
&>
& +
0 ,
56 )@0
)!
:A .
( P : C A
Q
" %h (
V - ( D
D : \ , , 1& T
: i #
NX
/
56
P

24

: ` ) %3
% %t (
& +
"
%
H] V

"

R ( P )@0 (
I
&>
& +
`& N %

l
` H @ 3 V
56

`Nz

b
t @%

&

& +
56

`&
P b
& +

Q a@

"

: X@, Y
@
+,
: H;
# P
(
Q a@
3
a
h
+
"%_; 6 "R &
N
&
>
?N
&A
[ b
N % &,
, % (
^A "
3 K
"%i+ , 6
&,
% <
3
U
E:m
L ,P
H1 .
%
,
Q* (
m
H ?
:a
"/ @M &
>
?N
WA I
3
Y
? A 0
"` u
t % ( "* @
&>
G& &( :# :A 3
W)* &
>
?N
% b B & /
%iQ } i% V 0 "V @% % "<
< 6 8 ":5 H] V
% 56
A P
? (
^A 3
,a P & +
&, :` d |
3
%E
@d
V 0 &, :?N Z
&
>
"
T &* H0 )
h :a h N #
a )*
" a m %& 6
&, :' V 0 ( P :Eh
z V
<
#3
Q 3 K
_
56 H
T ) ( P
?
h 3 " : iQ V ) %
f( " %
%7P b
& +
% ) ,@ L M

H ( \ @- M &
N % 5 :i&V 6
R, ? l Q *
,
( "V @%
Qe A
A :/
?N
"
G& & H% "<
%a
56 )@0
" KZ
:Q d
R
G@
N % )i
%a
5 :
%
"
T &* HA V f
%a h
< 6 RM"U
V 0 "
Hb
w
G@&
R0
E
N %
)@0 U
H 3

:a h
h
"<
%a
56 Q "
)@0
+?
G@A
"0
)
V 0
3 @. : "V 7
' (
8
# % 3
& +
i
H1 . d :a
"%t 6
R, 3 f_
i P V 0 1 .
:?
N %
4 # N :a
% &b 6 " z
H
R 3 ( 1 . ! A & % +i
"%t 6 "
(
&)
B
E F B i% V 0
PI H
A
%a
6 "
WA I
P
& +
1 2
O
"
h
: +N l
56 i _
?
V 0
TA P N %
<
&> ?> : 6
R,
, &P V 0
3* U
" P )

h : "< &
:
t Q %R
6 H 8 +%
: *, Q
N % %t (
h.
&

)* J? "Ya
6
Q
f " :# _ fE T :
t Q ?N J? V f
56
P
F
V M R ( P b
` & l h : .
&

%
:
( "
N
G
:
t Q ?N
56
%
&
>
N
. )P Eh &,
%
(
A P
?
U
"
+i
.c
D
D :?Q }
&

X N
"% h 6
*@
fE "
T &*
"R &P
' (
&
>
%
&> ?>
%
V )
?A
&
b
%3 * 6
" 2
) :3
3*
":5 ^ A
#Y
H
, J?
d @ &,
3
( R, Q *
h
R
T
3#

25

[ b
R
b

a f %a h 6 8
`8
h 7
$ :a
' ( %H"
5S d @% " V
G& T 6
iT ( H 8 + %
"Q
(
V f
`
\ % H
N l h B #Y
H
"# %

H
,
X N "Ya ,
56
R, Q *
i%
,
"V @%
?N
"<
:a

' (
P
% H
%

i% V 0 H
&
R
<
: % 6 %
A
!

"V @ i% V 0 : "
h
% "<
%a
6
3
.
&
>
A T
%. 3
6
l P R
" XU
&
2 V U
Q 3 K
_
P
&>
?
:3 #
#3
3;
"%N l h 6
"
%

!
NX
/
@)M
V _ ( P
)@0
)i h :a
"0 .
"
d { V a
Y 56
R,
&>
G& T
" %h
:a h
"/ @M
&

% b
' %a h 6 "
V I " : X@, Y G. #
>
N % Y f6 P
& +
U
2 )K N % iV
:a
t %
"%&
6 &, 8( )I :
H
?N
A 2 . "
. %2 % i%
H 2 )K % & 6 P : YV
" 2 V }
:Q
& +
& :\ ? ( U
, &P :RN
V
& >
Q
L M&
d N &, :' (
P & +
V @5
R
:a
Z
%- . 6
&
Ez
&d (
K- ?
@d
?
a >
( P b
& +
% +V U
H 5 %a h
< 6 H *

#
! @ "%V , 5(
3* U
&
, t %
"<
"%
6
8
`& V 0
%
A
! "/ @M &
>
?N "V @%
&b
"%
6
&
>
?N
Y, V 0
%
d
T )
aQ
3V
56 H
T ) (
%M "%Eh B & A "V 0 )
"%E B #
"
l P R
%_ a B

"
+ @ "%?)h B
&!
V 0
\ %\ ? 6
&> ?>
&
>

Q c
% [ b (
)@0 U
H 3 f "% h 6
% i B "
A ?&! &
NX
?
V u
"YQ
6
" 2 f(
& +
&
) , I
\ % %A 3 96
"
&
( "/ @M &
>
?N
^ A 3 &,
%&
h(
,a P
P a A :3
@)M " & % c (
A
+
V 0 % .h6

" *)
&

"R &P "


>
"R*
d @N HV

"

&

>

?N

&
( %9
:&); " * )
"
56
l
&
: _ (
( )0 @I "
~U
2 A :O , &
,(
b h +
v / * B Q " B
@ B L , P ? ?V * ? i y
?E_V
A
a b "
56
l
&

"
%7P
, )@0
+
( P 3 4
"
3
: ~ : b
w
N#
v "
i _
G
i%& %1 2
y %?& 6
A P
?
l
&
"
:A . . h
! (
2 V U
#Y
N
. !
HV | b
H
:a h
W
?
YV < 6
iT ( "
H %
:# ,
3
H % :# ,
%
?
1& T
", B
%H
&)m ", :
A U
" P
&

?Q
a
", 6
l
&
( P
\ %
YV H
,
.
Q
% : iQ "0 &
%XN 6 l
&
"iW:+
X
Y

26

)0 0
U

&

: iQ
,
H I J?
"
V M
!
%?& 6
:
"
"
?{

&

: H; : iQ
\ % H ?U
H
a
V
"
56 &

+&
O , &B \ % :# ,
R
:, + , "V 0 )
% : iQ
Q A B " : h N
Y 6 &

& % Q "@% T
Hb ( &
>
?N
V 0
& % "

2. Z
,

)@0
\ %
)@0
i
a
6rn
&
( &)
2 V P l @N d Gh ) 3 4
:a Q h
a b
0 ( U
2 V P l
"@{ H
: h :R
&
>

XN
%a
6 8
& %H? V 0 ( P :d /
&
>

+i
%U
, &P
.
R Z
%a
6 &

:
a # +i
"V 0 )
a N l h J? Ya , 6
"
& A
% O
1& & \ %
)
H
,
&
>

: X@, Y
> "
)!
%7P :V , )@0
\ % HR 3
H
:a
d @N &

`8
56 : iQ
,
"
"{
&
! X h :a h N #
Y&
6 " 7P
K
b "R* *
O
:Eh
% +i (

?A
: b &
"
3
H

:3 R

56 : X@, Y "R* *
: X@, Y
", 6 P
0 MI 0 ,
+i
c :75 0 ,
"%t 6 iQ a P
A
HV 5 %a h
< 6
&
"
:A . . h
! (
&> ?>
)@0 U

E %3 * 6
+ "U
)!
:3 #
2 )K V 0
\ % H
: )
X %3 * 6 P )@0
fE

& :\ ? ( d iHd )@0


3 # h :a
a X %A 3 9 6 H 8 + %

"
&
?N J? "R
56
P
_
Hb (
&

P
@
5 : 3# 6
"
?

b + u (
]
:# ,
Nl h
a"
0 ,
56
P
0 ,
iQ )@0
)!
R 3
iQ
3*
56 "0 .
P ( "
: iQ D
% 3 4
(
b
a b
H %
:# ,
R
&
- H ? h
a
"
:
:
HQ
56
P
@
"V 0 )
E
' % ( "
)!
&
>
)@0
,
W0 V
&
:

"
N u
& :?)h
56
&
>
)@0
Y %h
P
"
i
I H V t%
%a h
< 6
) H P &

& l
&

T 5 \ %V :3 (
P
J?
&P :Q d &

O :3 ( "
: iQ
& A
%
3*
t
56
P " O

R
\?
Hb ( &
3
I
:Q d
56
: iQ
P H

%
"/ @M &

%
3N
i% 1Q & 5
$ , 6
P
&
d % :# , "R*
A .
:# ,
! B "
& :# , H* ]
v 3 e
B
@ B i y i%
?A V :# , K Q * B i% V 0
?
)@0
<
R 3h 6 "
%1 2
3* ( "
1
P ?
&
>?
)@0
b d
%(
)* % i%
"& %P 4 # N
5 b )@0
d ,N % " 6
&
>
)@0
)!
NO )
P
"R* *
.
% "
56
8"U (
. P "
)M
2
P iQ P
NO )
ad
a b

_! :XN fb
T A
< 6 &, 8
P
&
:A .
: 3 f Q* (
3 `
:# , @

rn

Z#

_ %( ? O

( r

Q rssp6

27

a b
N#
:Q
' %3 * 6 U
T dP
"/
0

w
N #*
@
:Q / ' ", 6
@ :
"
: iQ
T > i% "R*
3 * :R .
56
.
%1 2
O
$
Hb (
U
"
) d
z {
:
<
: X@@5 "R* *
3 * vH
w "V 0 B " > B L , P
A R

y / , , 56 vN C $ y6
" +* @
@d
? "V 0 ) &
>
?N
% %1 2 O
(
"
N
"Q
+

% l
&
B &
B
P
@
HQ 56
" 8
) d
8 : R l
T (
"
:3 # O
( N O : b &
>
?N
"R & :+

56
?A
% ?
?V l
H&)
%a
6
)
: b &
>
?N
3
b + u A
Q
"i_g }
)@0
&
H ?U %a
6
%P

28

~ ?+
"iN

&

b
% +i
* (
A P
?
P 4
E:]
% B
@
& +
" z
?c &
:
( "/ @M

& A
% YV < 6 H 8 :# ,

& A
)! ( E

b
"V 0 "0 .
N O
%3 6
H 8 :# , N
H1 . d :a
l
&
: :
% 1& & &
i.
%a
6 ! @7
TT
, ( " +* @ l
&
: :
% 1& & &
:\ ", : X@, Y
&
56 l
&

&
N % 5 : :
% 1& & &
A . :a
6 %
1& & &
)@0
l
&
H ?
H d )
*g h
5
A . :3 6
" +* @
%
?
&

: X@, 5 A U
)<
"
3
i \ ? %3 * 6
D l
&
% 1& & &
"
3
" ? :3
R
d , ", 6
. P &
>
?N
W)*
P b 3 4
(
d @% V 0 "
" @ B
K- B
3&
B
i _
B * E@ B 0 A #
B L , P B & "
Z " B / *?
"E
?
>
)z
:# , d /
E
%3 * 6 &
.

?
O & V A * % I
5 A . :a
6
)M h
R (
. P &
&> ?>
A
)@0
"R &
%P
3 3 %3 6 P )@0
F
O , &h %3 &,
% l )@0
%P
?T "R
R
56 "
H
: " <
P
b
@ & +
`& N %

"%t 6 P
)@0 &
&
2 A
Q
&>
& +
3&
5 \?
, 6 " 8 N 78
V "
Eh
[ h(
>& l
&
: :
&
"
%a
6
. P &
(
d @% 9
:&);
Q
?>
A U

a h ", 6

>

V a

2d

:a

"Y

1V w

%7P
%7P

j
<

2 d H` N z

) G

"Y

<

A P Yl @N d

@
@

&

h l

& +

"# %

& +

%7P

"# %
@

5
<

& +

"Xd P

E:

>

%7U
1V

V a
z

"Y

%a

&> ?>
<

%7U
h

&> ?>

29

% :# h

<

%H

% "R* *

" 7P 3 4
5
&
' %
H(

N
T d P %t " @ (
&>
G& &
& +
\ % % ` R

H %
: ` R

D l
&
(
. P "Y % + %
"R*
O
a h H
,
?& %3 * 6 H
i _
G
B *%
B L ,P
" >

w
% O
(

U
A .
U
3 R
%3 * 6
. P &
"R* *
O
" :
. h 3
8 :&) A U
"
3
" ", 6 P
K
b "R*
O
& + u
%U
, &P : /
V 5
P :
.
w
+ u
%7P
+ Mh
b
A
Q
N l h %a

P
w
"
V
1w
%7P
& +
t V 5 i%& "
>
1 P "R* *
U
, &P
Q
tT
H0 ) h %A 3 9
i%& # %P % R R: %R Z W)* P :
.
"R*
H % :# , % GV u A
Z "b P "R* ( "
& A O
Eh
:a
) i
Y` V % < P b
& +
T f
3 &P
&
$ ( P "R* ( " + %
%7P : .
3 &P
H % :# , T )
E
%a
"h
T )
E
:a
"0 .
7P
&

, ", 6
" :
) ( L ,P
" >
+%
"R* *
O
W0
: ~

H
, / &
6
. P( , ? d h % %
3 4

R
( L ,P
" >
P "
@)M :
A U
"i
@{ E :a

%
f %3 * 6

?N

T) % h
R
b (
% l
&
)@0
& +
@% N %
%t (
&>
& +

(
H
%V R
3`.
56 8
3`. ( P :
. "R*
O
( & "
h
A
Q
: ` h :a
R
XN
", 6 "
& +
A
Q
# T
0 A #
X z
z (
3 &P 3
":5
%h 75
: A 6 8 % )f%
8 T
% iR \ " U
& m
:
&P
A P H U
GV

: #f
,a P

:+ 3 U
Y b
6
&, 8( ) !
3 &P i% V 0 Q ? @), Y@)M N %
"%t 6
"
z
%
) d H
: " < L ,P
" > ( E:] " 2
H
:, +
3* ( "
A
Q
)f% : R "V 0 &
a Eh
%A 3 :6 8 : X@, Y "R* *
d
% " 6 + u
%1 2
HN K
:\ ", A
Q ( P
& +
Mh
+ h
H\ h
&,
%
( P & +
H
V @5 4
"%
6 P A
Q
&
%7P
@ & +
:
h
3

:E# h
0 & + u H0 )
%a
6
iT (
L ,P
" > E:*
&
& :V d )
2
0 A #
Y %b 6 &
V "
T
3;
)YYh q u f l
"%/ d
56 " 7P
:N
d /
Z ( P A
Q
:'
"
2[
$ :a
& +
H
%
Ha %R Z 6 H 8 :# ,
G%>
" u W
%M( " A
Q
*K
%
a b
YW%6

30

% i2 [

R:

1w ( 1w

V @? l
&
( ?{
?
% R N "
@%
& +
,
3 `
"R
56 8
:
H
P
%M % O
?{ :
i \? H
, "
RM. <

[ 6 `
R: V M
' % J? # P b ?{
: \
\ ? %3 6
"
Q " B
@?
_%0
?
>
t ( " 2
& +
: ) "E
R:
A
% "
56
3&
"E
?V *
" 2
& +
b 0 &> B L , P ? / * ?
R
a 3#
2)
3#
% " 6 8
: X@, Y "R* *
3#
%a
6
i _
". !
/ *
R
\ %{ YN
H%) 3
a
B
b 0 &>
X@N
i%
b 0 &>
a B " P _R
/ *
A 3`W
id
`V B
& +
"E
?V *
" @
?
A ;
_R
3 @d
/ ,,
\ ? %a
6
iT (
U
&> ?>
%
lN
R:(
%
\
% &
/ , , "E
Rd ( 3 # b
%a
6

GYT

&

E ?
B "0 .
% i2 [ Rd
V A K
3 ` ( l Y&P

&

P O
\ % "R*
H
: YV
[
X
& M
V %3 * 6 P ?N (
E ?
qu f T
&>
& +
b
)9
*
\ ? ", 6 P
&

"
:A . . h 3 ( l Y&P : X@, Y A U
", 6 9
:&);
A U
v
U
"
: " <
:Q d
R y L ,P
" > :\ ?
l
&
"
: YQ h 3
% +%
N
"
3
" ?
H :3 *

< 6
P
A :/
\ % %

P 4
E:] ( ! @
: iQ + u (
\ %
Q
0
%
M;
& +
RN
%a
& 3
Z
"/
0 A R
" > " P A
Q
\ %
)
%a

+ u
& +
K
( A
Q
&>
%M V # h :a
1& T
)@0
\ % % 3#
" 2
%7P b
( :Q
2 0 A #
", ! S
,! \ "
O
\ % H#
%a @ P
& +
"
, ih J?
' ( "Y
@
A
Q
P & +
W+ %a @S i% J?
)!
&>
)@0
H % :# @
&P
@
E 2 %a @
%
i P ?V *

\ %
)
%a

T dP
\ % & N %a h " 7P
% +%
!
v i@B
T,N > B
i y YV M P A
Q
"
)+
% +%
" 0
:>
"V 0 )
%E
"
H % :# , D
\ % :# ,
RV
<
4
&
%7P & +
Y 3
)
\z
. :a h P
!u
%M(
3;
%1 2
V & M
" >
0 ) +F ;
\ %
.
%a
"
& A
P
A
Q
V <
Q
/ ,*
\ % Y0
"
& A
%7P 3 4
( & & +
\ % A b %a
+i
#
"
:\ h
! ( P & ; : .
Q ` RK
V a
Q@
P a &R
:A 3 :
@ Q
\ % % d

: `) % h
R
b ( h
&
HR 3
:a
V e &

Eh i% J?
A . H
%
56
d iHd
31

& +
?
&>
& +
: YV
O
X@, Y 56 "
1
"
?
TT
Eh "%
6
d iHd
& +
? O
/ *>
&, :E ( + u
%U
, &P J?
I
N
X@, Y
\?
3V
56
A P L ,P
" > ( P "?
&
"
: %&h 3
W)*
%7P 3 4
N % %t (
W)*
b "0 .
O
J?
+u
d N
E
%3 * 6rp
P
&

N O
&
( :Q d
: ` A %3 6
P " O
:T d E:] ( P
X
A :U
A
& :X
:>
a ! T %V a 6 T d P( "d
& :E
d
%
S
V U
T d U
%+ ::6
, a P J?
W)*
X
A 22
A :U
%7P
&

& X, ( 4

R
h %3 } S
a >
M
)
:iG) L , P
T )
E 75 :
&3 "
&,
A V f6
W)* d h % / * >
%7P
&

b "d
&
:
( "
?{
P
@ & +
%
&@
?
<
H
:l @
%R
6
T
P " "@ >
&>
& +
:
H
l
&

& (
U
, &P
3 * I H%
,h
Q c
", 6 "
":5 : iQ
"`
N %75
P
7P
&

A V 3 :a
6
V " P " z
:
l
&

I % V ,
i% J?
%7P
Q
, ?
V " " 5( P
&

. P
?N ", 6 8 3 #
% 3 ( "
N
R `
3# (
:\ ?
l
&
V 0
b
V
a
", 6

GYT &

1& &

P
& +
"M&>
& +
:
l
&
( {A 3
h.
' J?
N
3 # :a
R "%t 6
&
& +
"
V R 3
1& T
?E_V : :
&
b
% 3V
56 "
)M
& +
&
:RV d
N O )P
d ?
X@, Y
P
)<
&, V M( 8 )<
78 3 I
: :
&
5 :i__V 6 P
P
@
)@0
d iHd
& P
?
R
N O
. ", 6 " 8 H h M
,
N]
P & P :
H
% 56
) H U
l
&
:A .
A P( &
1& &
:A . l Y&P J?
W)* * E > B
"/
0
%7P :
.
w
O

"d
,
' %3 * 6
) H 7P " :P Q
i _
&

A .
H, ?
W)*
~H@
%MB
P
B
b q &P &B
V B G
k
3 :3 * (
. P L ,P
" > V 0
W)* * E % A 3
%1 2
" X %3 * 6
W)* %1 2
d /
V @ B " 78 . c d 78 l K ;
b
a
3 W B P
+
< A U
:i_
&
B h z h
& A ;
#@
u f N % 5 &
"
> & A 3 : :a
6

rp

8
:
H
Gene Sharp, The Politics of Nonviolent Action (Boston, MA: Porter Sargent, 1973)
H I J?
Peter Ackerman and Christopher Kruegler, Strategic Nonviolent Conflict (Westport,
Connecticut: Praeger, 1994) : h
2A d P
? & % " 6 H I J? "
2 [ :A
Gene
Sharp, Waging Nonviolent Struggle: Twentieth Century Practice and Twenty-First Century Potential :
. d
$6

32

"
:/
:&)

iQ

%
N

"

1& & R 3
*
: %
? %3 * 6

&
H I
. P L ,P

J?
" >(

A
8

)@0
&

:
&
"
3*
R 3 h :# , @
L ,P
T,N >
@%6 "
d iHd

: iQ 1& T & P( "


)M
4
&
%7P
@
& +
"V 0
XN f :a h
w
@
?T
"R
56 + # %P )@0
)i
:a
( l P &
N O
& :
.
: 3#
: `) Y h 6

*
A U
&7P
Q
L ,P
\ % H
:W V
?T 6 " 7P
/ *
A U
:)
h(
U
A U
P"U
V A K ?V l
& +
N %
d c
:a h

3 W 6
8
&
%3 # 3 ( " 7P
Q ` RK
V a G. #
d A
.
&,
%
%)3 #
L ,P
aQ
%a
6 H 8
+%
&
( / *
R0
H
:
* (
&P
, a P a # h )V
%XN 6

%7P 1& &


?T 6

\]

?
& +

E:
"
"X2 . 0 ?T

"#

UI

"

0
H % :# ,
H
V M "
A H % :# , "R*
Y M

3*

G
KA
%
?T 6
,&
\
& A
%

W)*
?

& +
"E
?>
\ ] "R* *
:
HQ
\?
"0
%7P

/ ,*
E:] "
@
A 3 : :a
( "
Q
:
tQ 0 A #
B
E
B / *? L , P ?
NX
*
)* 6 H 78 :" Q
*
" 7P
N
%! &I Q *
3# % " 6

P
X
i% J?
: iQ
% 1& &
*
V M
% i2 [
R:
?T 6 P ?
. 3)
% Y "0
`
R: H
%H?
( \ %
% i2 [
R: i & % " H % :# h
% i2 [
%
<
"V 0 )
A 3 ^ :a h S %
3 & ?>
0 A #

vH
0 A #
G& T B _%0
i% L , P
,
B
0 A #
~O b B i y i%&
3 & ?>
i% V 0 ?V
A ;
_R
" @

iT ( "
3 E:*
? ( / ,*
E:]
a0 @
%3 * 6 H 78
& :3 # ( / , *

#k
0 )H

d 6 :
", 6 : `
Y a 6

)+
"
H0
33

E:] B
%
@, Xh :a
%
2*
X z
"
F
%
` R
2*

tT

" 2
) ,@
( _ &P
a 3#
"V @% & P
i&}
:a
2
&>
"0 .

%d /
N
:i&

%t (
&

& A d A

P & +
"0

E?H
)3 3
Y V 6

& &

3*

" 2
:3 #
L ,P
" > )?
\?
' % ( P A
Q
W)* A R

"d
E %3 * 6 "
) d Q,&
W
%7P
1%
E# % H
R ( P T
lM
56
7P " 4 C
b E:] (

: . f Q
"
} (
P w & +
% \ ( "
i
I V 0 %iV 6
P "
b E:]
W)* 78
T 78
: X@, Y
4
XM
A %a
756 %
# ( U
&> ?>
%
J?
"
A R
:Q d
R
H1T h %3 * 6 H
W
1%
E# %
:" Q i%
( E:]
Mh
V :a
W
" 7P A
Q
: ` A %a
6 E:]
W)*
X
"
A R

"d
& "A (
"
2 [ :3 #
:'
T T M 2 ?
"V @%
V %a
6
%
RW

# 3 J? : X@, Y + %
A R
" : X@, Y + %

H " %
6
"
A P
& +

( B
#k
%
?
A
: 3A
R
H] V

' ( % "
R H
Yt
3
Z
, &P " ` .
56 "
& +
: T ?>
H%
X(
i P
D ? l Q *
N % %t
!@
& E:] J? (
&
:
i
PB . c B
2 A d PB
J?
V .
&
% \ ; Z
< 6
" z
:

&
>
?N
b (
%
?
A
Mh
b
: `A
%a
6 # 8 "R* 78 A
Q
"
H % :# ,
B \ % :# , A U
B
\ % :# , "R*
O i
A 3V
H
, %A # 6 P A
Q
H 78 + %
& N K(
"
R, "R &P A U
( !@
"
% h
!
(
\ %
.
H
, %X N 6
& A O
)
d
-
:i_
RK

A
V 0 "%E , h 6

4 C

&

&> ?>
, &P
& +
.
:a
% 4 C 3

(
d @% V 0 1 .
)
:i_
3

(
. P &

, ?h
3 3
:3
R
56 P
WY :\ %V 4 C
%
+V
\ % 3/ B
E
)R
H
,
?T YV M6
W)*
P
.
:a
3

4 C ( P A
Q
@ HH

A # ", 6 Eh :a
`
\ , M V 0 %A 3 96 P 4 C
R
:\ %V
h ( : V I Q*
A
V
"R
56
+X
.
H
:a
3 W ( l Y&P "Y
@
:
&
P
5 b )@0 H ? H
:a h "
", <
c
%3 * 6 "
( "
1
:3 #
Q @0
Q d
! @7
T
\?
:a
' (
% "{
Q*
gi
` HT A %a
6 "
Q X
:i V Q d
%
T
"
)M
& +
I %
XN
"%
6 " 2f X
% & A
. "V 0 i% J?
X
A R
% Q A
:>
"V 0
\ ? %a
6
&
>
a >
H] V
T
H\
:a
%
?

"V @% t %
; (
P

:E
T
a Q*

34

N O

", 6 P A
Q
U
,&
"
& A
%7P
%1 2 ? V & M ?
R
! &I %a h 1 2
a H
C2 %a h
" 2
`N
4
( %1 2
V & M
?
)l # h :a
RV
%

. P
X
%3 * 6 H
+
B
3 ,.
B V & M
. c B Q @0
Q d
?RW " 2
1&1&P 1 .
:" Q
&
?T V % " S ?. [ ?>
V < H "
1 Q X
" <
E?H
H, + )h
:A UUa P(
A P
?
N lb
%3 * 6

"

&

P
7P

>
&

?N

&

T
&
( "
m
&> ?>
%
&
1& & i2 [ (
7P
l P
3*
%
R&
YV M " &
"%3 *
6
4
%7P
!
&
J?
&>
?
7P
b "%3 *
6
P :d
4
( U
, &P t
*U

1 . H
:" ?
3 *Z
( P
Mh
a )&
A 39
*gh : "
t

& +
:
# ` R& :a
"V Em I H
a
& +
V 0
\ ? %a
756
P
Q
G )
T
:' ( U
, &P D
D
N %
.h
5 :3 6 "
I ( % @
R, )@0
, ?
$ %a
56
3. V 0
@
A P : H
)V @
Nl h
a h ", 6 H 78 :" Q ,
)
>
% R,
)@0
3
&
)@0
%7P
&
&
1& &
! i& Y h 6 N
" R*
%7P

&
&
1& & " + i
I %
"#
U ", 6

& +

35

~
"/

0 L ,P

" >

" 7P
*
D % O
( " A
Q
V d E
X
&,
:a h ( { | :?
NX
( "
V @
Q "0
t (
`
V 0
YO )
\ ? %3 6 "
( % , +%
"H V

a
RW

+%
E:*
?
56 P A
Q
V 0 "
"V 0
%
& d
\0 )
%A 3 96 "
"`
( "
(
& :# ,
%L , P
A U( H
l
. f% 0 % :" Q (

,
+
%a
6
. P :
. A U Qe A
*
,
3 V 0
%
'
:# ,
56 "
H 78 :# , ?
1& T
: # N + i
a
%A 3 : N % %t
P A
Q

+ u H
,
a X N J? %A 3 96
WA I
% 1& & &
"
G. #
?V l
%
: iQ )@0
:
.
\?
& +
N %
t
\? Y h 6 "
", 6 h 1Q T
J?
T d
%
hI A
Q
V < "%t 6

&

?
: :
1& T
,
Hb ( "
q
>B "
d G
"
i
D
%7P O
E :a
d
>
. P
V %3 * 6

,,Y

"
q
> D
%7P
( : X@, Y )@0
, 1& T
>V
":5 "R
56 H I + %
, , Y 1& T
V A K
&) %a
6
3 V 0
i% Q & 1& T
T
YV %a
6

,,Y
? "
: ,z
3
X
4 C
%7P
& +
:?
A U
i%
d @N "R
56 H 8 :# , A U
(
)!
l
&

R 3 h "l @/ d P &
)@0
: - X( 1& &
> V V 0 :A 3 : :# , @0
56
U
"l @/ d P &
?>
)@0
#P E ? + u
%
&> ?>
%
4 # :a h
' ", 6 8 V
+i
"1
d
E:]
Y b 6 "
& A
%7P
J?
:*
"
%M u W &, \
I %
%E 6
&
?
} " : iQ 0 A #
B / * i%
L ,P
A U
t
\?
%3 * 6
8 :3 # h
a > (
R,
0 A #
i% L , P
>
..
%7P & +
i2 [ H
:'
3*
i%
W) i% V 0
R, )@0
& +
d
\ ? %a
6
- [ h ( P 1& &
f.
?
P
& +
"
V
1
N G
\?
", 6
\ 8 "R* *
U
, &P
,
+ u
"V 0 )
N l h %a h 6
P 0 % 1& & & P(
. P "` a
%3 * 6 P ?
)@0
%
\?
",
P
&

\ % Y ?U
- [ h ( P - "%
T T%
1& T
V M
X
&
A 2.
&" J? "R
56 h
P H 8 :" Q , &
( P
&

?
" ?{
X
A 22 : 3 #
\ ? ", 6

36

T@

@ & +
?
" :3 #
%
q
> 1& & Eh :a
?
L ,P
3*
&d
iQ
56
% A
Q
. )
. @?
*g h
3#
:3
R
56
A R
L ,P
" >
A
Q
2M
H
: b
R Z %3 * 6
P
q
> Eh :a
3* (
T@
? i% H" : iQ
3 8> ?
A R
\?
%a
6
"
( .K
%
T d P ?c V
' % ( P
*
3*
"
"R
T@
m
A d ) #*
0 N
\ ? %a
6 .K
%
T dP
^A
' % 3 ( h
NX
:R
%
z {

) O i% V 0
^A %
: A
N
3 # %a
6 "
"` u
R, Q *
% N
"V 0
R fB
R,

"

T@
m
{ + H
B RM
V 0
& :# ,
%
_Z " >
R fB i% V 0 "
R,
.A X
Q @0
Q e
R f
%a h 6 \ 8 :" Q ,
>
?
& +
K 3

i_m %a
56
R,
T@
3*
( "
" e

3 &P i% 0 H@%
.A X
L M& :" Q
m
)
Q @0
Q e
3* (
R
\ ? %a
6 &, 8( H
# R 1& &
"%t 6
"
R, "`
*
T@
?
_R ? "E
?
D
|
"
m
m
< 6 "
( "
rs "
# 0 : - Y
E:*
Q,0
Q e B i% V 0 "
rss "
" * * %
>
( # % (
: - Y
%
_Z
% N
"V 0
Q d
N G %a h 6 "
PI
"`
"
)M Q X
:i Q d
%
T
U R
b ( l Y&P 1& &
|
N O
R f H
,
56 H 8
:# h
3*
! @7
>
@? & "
Z "? . !
,
' :a h
' (
T @?>

N %(
9
3*
8
#%
,a P & +
H?V
"% h S
& v %M u W y J?
"%G% 6
4
&
%
@ & + ( "
q
>
%7P
.#
d
H
. h 3 : " "%t 6 8 3 #
' % (
P
`
#
: A
Q
@
hI
P & +
(
> B +
{ ?
_ # ?
A R
,+
", 6
8 GV u
A
"%
Y S
a 3#
J?
":5 " ` u
56 " P
*
D
%
O
" 2
:3 #
G. #
1& & % A R
" > (
WA I
!
% ?
&

56

@d

& &

"

, , Y 1& &
? :Eh O
(
i%
I
@)M
% A
Q
:)
R
56 " : .
1& T
& d h % )@0
P

@
A
Q
3 ): %a
6
"
(
_Z
E
>
:
H B
A P _%0
"
V 0
Q
_%0
:
H
V z
H, B Q A
R *;
V 0 V A
A h
:
& & & A H %a h 6 ` /
J?
A
>
G! (

+ l2
:3 : #
R2 (
% . c d ( * {
%
B
%
L M& V 0
Q f :3
"* @
?
H%"&f
H%

%a h 6
%
?
1& T
/ ,*
,

>} (

A
Q
H) d
Hb
P
V 0 O
a .
Ya b 6
37

"
H
:R, . < (
,,Y
?
2 0 A #
B / *?
L ,P ?
,
@
.
..
%7P
& +
i2 [
t % a .
:A 3 : V ) 56 9
A
&
8"U
A
Q
:XN h
@
& +
:
h
@
Q
Y . d h 6 " 7P
V 0 ( U l
@0
%
& +
' 3V
56

"

&

& +

P
*
& P
7P
A :/
@
*
"
:Q ` R h
! ( l Y&P
4
&
%
& +
\ % V
H
:a
3
; %3 * 6 P )@0 (
E:*
A R "]
( "

&> ?>
%
V { &
>
?T a
56
&> ?>
i P
%M
,; "
:\ V h
! ( l Y&P
4
&
.
iQ a P
*
A R
" >
z
%3 * 6 )@0
%79
8"U
L ,P
,
"\ P
"
i
P & +
?
56
P
& +
E:
X@, Y
,
" z
: am
: # Rd
\ %
\
H
:a
&> ?>
%
N O
) %3 * 6
P Rd
\
:a $ (
* * ?
%7P & +
G@A V 5 / *
T )
% L M

A * V 5 i%& P
H G) H
:a
V {
& .
i
U
Rd P %7P
& +
: 0
v"

t%
:) ; y H
:'
3* S
-[ h
V 0

Rd P %7P
G& &
H
:'
3* 6
L ,P
" >
A R
"
:A h
: 3# h
3(
W)*
R.
Rd
%7P & + B ?{ &
B L ,P
Q e B L M&
%
.A X
Q A
(
d @% V 0
W)* "* @
Q
"V @%
N O
3 # %3 * 6
Q
" :P Q
P & +
,
D
"0
N O
3 R
%3 * 6 Q
(
&> ?>
%
.b
%a

"%a
d @N J?
"R
56
WA
U
i _
%A T
:D q ?
+ &H
%'
Q* B ? O
i% L , P
> ( U
i _
t " :U (
7P & +
h %a h U
i _
" :U
&>
)]
Q dP
R Z
:a
A
"b
"
q
> D
%7P
& Q
`# >
%7P
& +
*
d
a
dh% &

A . ", 6
P
(
> B . )
l2

&> ?>
%
U
i _
@ B
3*
,3 b
", 6 P
(
P
& +
V V "
#
U
i _
H
%t
dh% N#
V 0 H
: YV
X
a h ", 6 P 2 )K ( d
%7U
i _
"
(
& +
: #Z
"0
0 W:
H
: N
3*
"
i
V 0
"
1w
P
&>
O
H
:&,
3*
56 L M& # T ?> Q A
J?
TTM &

NO
% " 6
Q
`.
A
)]
3`& 0 ,
Q
i _
&
P & +
.#
?
V d
0 ,
\?
Y h 6 H 78 + %
?N
HQ A :a
"Y . 6 H 7P
"
: " < i _
) ! P "
1 E:
A
: $
%
*
&
v %M u W y % )f%
"%d ?
56 &, 8
#" (

38

U
X z

R. P i _
" :U
) !
3 &P i%
A V A V
"V @% H
%t
V h :a h

A 2 . "R
56
R. P " :P Q
# 8 :&)
"R* *

"
&>
O
H):^ %a h = "
Q
%)3 #
A R
H
:Q d
3* B
WW
% % H
%d
3 * B "V 0 & A H
%& A
3 * B H I J?
4 C
"
3*
A `V 6
i ( U
&> ?>
%
"i
%1 2
R:
_ ( H
&
dO V S
#k B
3] B
V _w
:" Q
&
*#
%a h 6
Q
( "_}
". !
N
"
)M :
R A
Q
) : . )
N G) "
( "R
j
&
%
,a P
B L M& ] Z
&> ?>
V "
h
h
P Q +
56 Q

:V 3
X P
i% V 0
% "

W:
t%
H
:\ ?

P
& +
&+
":5 .
. P " > H& ?) h %3 * 6 &, 8

#" (

"0
% Q
A 3 :3 #
&
. P
?_m %3 * 6
"
?{ Q
L M& :Eh
% 0 W:
U
"* @
":5
R

&> ?>
%
: 3 ) Y b
6 i _
L M&
%
% 0 W:
H] V
2 )PS
i _
"V 0 V 0
H` N
%a
6
&> ?>
%
"* @
L M& Q
.#
"V z

"%3 *
6
*
>V : "
' % ( H
q K ?Q V :a
^ A +%
?c & % , "R* *
% 0 W:
H
b
d @N "R
56
"
( L M&
Q
Cw
*gh
:i_m

"
3*
V } %a h S :V , 5 Q *
%
% [ b
% a
%a h S
i P
W)* : i/
*
4 C B 0 Q P i% N :> "
/ l
E; %a h S
,d U
"R
#k
A @d a / ; %a h 6 %) *
" :P
iR
A @d
WW
4 C
i _ U
){ {
%a h 6 "
3
Q @0
Q e ( i _
)M Q X
N %

%a h 6
T T M( # T ?>
Q A
V 0
W3
WW
HN d I B
%
"V 0 )
& c B
u
u

& A
# f %a h 6
l

, ? "

&

. P L ,P
" >( l
&
&
1& &
\ % % 3 #f
H
, ? l 2M R `
R f %3 * 6 3 ( P
H 7P . ]
: R
h .;
\ %V "%
%\ ? 6 " H 78 + %

H %
:# , % &
, ?
3# H
,
3 W
"R
56
%M %7P
G& &
)
P #3
V
%
R
% %{ "
H 78 :# ,
!
3 # f :3
R
( P R
@%B &
>
3 3
3* B % O
@d

A
Q
H
:
3 * B iT
4
&
& & "0

& A
?2
< 6 8
& R
( P V {

.#
3 # ", 6
" 2 f( P
7P
.]
: R
h
@)M
Q z ( P
Q +
V 0
l :iV
h(
U
&> ?>
%
P %
&# + i
\ % %\ & h S
\ %H P
& +
h
h
H
& %a h 8 A U78 " 78 : .
) d
Z [ 6

39

{+
?V l

& +

.X
"V 0 )
:& A 1& T
L ,P
" >( V
?. [ P
?
A >
& +
RN
:a
@
A
Q
V 0
&
& A
56 H 78 + %
1& T
L ,P
" >
A R
\ %
YV H
:a
"R
Z Y&
6 H I :# , w A
Z(
P & ;

:3 # L , P
" > A R
` 8 56
"
) d Q,&
H
: " <(
WB

#
a
,a P
>@
a ' V %
"RV &P R
< 6
4
&

3 (
%M
& +
% \ S "
i
V 0 % G 6
&, 8(
& +
?
Rd H
: .
3*
P
"R
R
56
4
&
L ,P
" > H % Z
. , H
:a h
`
. ) ", 6
*
%7P & +

@? L , P ?
8
V - (
T@
3
" >
U
l
"R* *
< 6
8
%7P & +
>
' % ( :# ,
"0
W
A *
%a
6
E@i
& +
X
V "' % (
@
3
3 K
3 ,.
a
", 6
&
W

!A 8

4
& H .
a
", 6
P - "% "R
j
&
Q "
`
56 .
"R &
%U
P & +
: ^B
&7P & +
:
*#f :
` R^
Q*
,
/ , , 56 ":5 ^ A

%7P A
Q
V "
&P & +
%
* ] f( P & +
H] V R
H` N
%a
6 "
(
# T ?>
Q A
V "
;
" %
%Q K
i% V 0 " RW
?+
V " q u Z ( %7P & +
A
!
\ ] V %. b 6
T T M "R* ( U
A *
:" 5 Q *
,
dh%
d /
,
,
' %
( P & +
V "
3*
,
+ u ":5 H
\
% V 6
?T
"V 0 L M&
%
.
+ z J? ":5 % \ 6
A
Q
A
^:
**
:R

l P v %3 I :y
A
H
& "
Z "? & T * ? . !

V "

(
i% V 0
" 2
W:< ( A
Q
a"
\%
*#
% * * )6
,a P "
)M
!
v R
y `
,
.
J?
&
N 75 : 6 % &>
`
B / *
& + B
B
*E >
`
B
+ :>
"
[ V
i P
V " i (

"R
j &
0 ,
56 "V 0
" >
& l 2M . .
%
/ *B
+ :>
P & +
Y a 6
"
H
: " <(
P
@ & +
X
_h i% :N l h
R
" 2
:
R} B
A *
. +V
:"# 5 @
A
Q
:?Q V
2 )P

j
&
%
, a P 56 8
j
& 78
a
R
\
%a
6

( P A
Q (
)
H

( " > J?
H] V T )
H
, "u
P T )
V 0
%h
wc (
P : .
2 )P "V 0 )
"%E 6 4 C
%7P & + (
P : Y

"Y?A 6
- "% D ( L M&
Q
* )b
V " %) *
t%
(
? F V 5
*
:i_m
WW
% 0 Q PB 0 E
& "%d . z
6
P
& + (

40

4 C
H 3
"
L M&
Q
"0
% [ h( "
H] V
` "b 0 ,
56
"/ @M(

>
& +
&+
:a
( A R
" >
4
&
%7P & +
&
a
56 "R
4
&
2M
&
%V d )(
P
& +
% \
"
i
V 0
%iV 6 &, 8( " 2
:A .
) &
>
?N
% L ,P
" >( " U l
4
&
5 H
:3 * 6

E_

?
L ,P
" >
& ) Y
2 0 A #
B / * B * E@?
L ,P ?
@
u f( l &
&
&>
* EM m
3d (
V 0
# %\ %V 6 P
& +
: < R
YRV &(
1w 1 # T
0 A #
d+
& :\ (
. !
Q +
2 :'
A
Q
%E . 6
P
& + ( 8
1__
:\
R
& :d
( P ]
b +i
)O
%1 2 O
NO
% " S V { + ?
V 0 %' 6
& 3( N
%
?
E .
@
?
Y
A 6 ?V l
%
& +
i3 +
%
&>
& +
V 0
%
d %\ ? S
a > " 7P A
Q
b
*
& v %M
u W y
Q &, : iN 6
"
Q +
Q0 >
(
i P "
L @ V
YV
R
..
%
@
A
Q
T A

"
56 UM
& >
H
A
_
S 3
"
A P ..
T ?>
"%i
6 "
rs( R,

~O b ( L , P
)@0 U
3
h( H
{0 3,
~O b v
:" Q
"{
,
"
6 P "V 0 "V 0
?V
* g h :A :
0 A #
~O b J? ( "
rso
% RW
V d[
A `
X@N
[ h6
&U B
_Z

,
J?
U
2 0 A #
"
6 9
,
8"U
a?
& H
:, iN T ?>
&
R ; (
A :
0 A #
~O b
R
" } 6 T ?>
V 0
i _
A
?
R 6
!@ "
A P i _
A
J? (
& 0 Q
.

(
&P 2
@
% A
Q
&
"Y 2 6 "
( ":5 ^ A
: . f %A `
`
.
%A
f6 d V
% , " >
0 A
( +
( "0 [
. dP %
0 6 E; *
dP T
A
" >
A
3&
6
TTM N X
"
@ A
Q
lh6
" 3 YfQ & : # T i _
& + ( R, !
(
[ h
"
)M P A
Q
#,
H
:
& +
5 :3 , . f6 Q #
& ( " >
.A X
E 2
3&
%C2 Z 6 P & +
J?
2 )PB 0 Q PB
E`
" > 0 A
P A
Q
4
"% 6 % 7 # (
P A
Q
C2 Z
"% ", 6
. 78( P A
Q
P & +
h
h
&
T
:" <
% 3 A U N % 5 f6
P
& +
R
3&
.dA
"
:C2 h
!
J?
' ( "
R,
!
&>
0 +
v [ y
3 &P
&
% "
56
7P A
Q
@
:i_m
"0
B
@,
A *
( P
0 +
3 &P H
i V P t %
.
%a
6
H
T ) V 0
P
& + ( D
D(
U

3 &P(

41

3 &P
&>
& +
V a ( G!

/ *>
0 +
h
% V S

Q"
%\ %V 6 "
i
3 &P( H
"
%
&>
h
%a
6 H

V 0 % YV 6

V 0 (
P
&3 `
P
%7P
Q ` RK

& +
0 ) 7P : YV
@ , ? (
G& & " > A R
J?
.
%a
6
_ &P
%7P
&>
"`
3
:3
R (
U
&> ?>
%
"
R,
!
7P
,,Y
?
i2 [ E:*
" >
R f H
:a h
56
WA I
! (
%
?
+ u
N %B
E
&d c
3 YV M6

:3 #
E:*
" >
a )
+
i& h %a
6 "
1I
# " ( "R
L ,P
)@0
: -X
, , Y 1& T
? 75
3#
:3 6 "
h
.dA
: H
+ # %P
@
A
Q
V 0
T d %3 6
. )
V & M ?
L ,P
" >
: Q Y
NX
& : ` R ( ?{
V a
%7P
& +
I %
' % . 6
>
L ,P
" >
E .
2
@
(
& 3
PI
0 u f
"E
"
m
%a
6 8 V 0
&> ?>
%
56 "
L @ V H
`/
(
&> ?>
%
:V 3 d "E
b 0 &>
?RWB
.b
R
J? H\
%a
6
l Y&P X N :3
R "b 6 "
R,
( "
( H 7P
"
rss "
q
:
Y( ?V l
, a P ":5 G d
\ ? %a
56 8 \ ? :a
( P A
Q
z hI "

!
" 2
& : + ( H
T ) V 0
4
&
& : .
56 8
<
8 z V "%t 6 &, 8

O
V @? . ;

' (
A O
? V 0
P :# , 56
"
& A
P
:4 # + i
( ! @ J?
"{
' (
. # h ", 6
U
+i
? V 0
1 %3 * 6
Q Y .
d
%
, &P
&,
b
P
"R
56

+i

% E0

# ) ( E
*K
&>
& +
V 0
?A &(
Y h :a
( : ~
.
R ( l Y&P
&

H. ) %3 * 6
"
i
%7P O
(
& A
&3 `
3 :>
3 &P
\ % )
H
:a
&> ?>
& h %3 * 6

H& A
:a
3 &P
E .
a?
H
,
: `) Y h 6
% 7 # ( P "
& +
&P Q A
"%t
.
, 6
"Y
@
%7P "
& +
X
V Q H
, ( "Y
H
&>
.R
3 ",
d , N %3 6
"
( N
@
* EK

&, :' ( X
+ ? ", 6
A Q # h :3
% V 0 (
2[
%U
@),
, d P %7P
: &+
& +
56 "
( 9
Q*
8"U
d
V <
;
7P _R
/ Mb
i %d l b
& L ,P
" >B
*
3 E
&>
& +
Tw
"0 .
H
% "b
d T& "
2[
%7P : H
&>
& +
H] V
T )
&, :E
?RV :3 R
56

)
"

V {

42

P
& +
"
: \ h i% :iV l h 3 (
&>
&3 `
R 3
*
A . ", 6 H 8 + %
* (
,
) !
3 &P &
\ %A : %R 6 L , P ?
? O ?
?A &
&> ? G! 0 ?
3 &P :E h
*
A . ", 6 P
\] V !` :
a # , ? Q "
*
A 2.
a Q "%3 6
#
+
Y, :\ %V A
Q
2
&>
@
,
( P
& +
*
& :RN ( 2 iZ
&, %
(
X \ ~ %\ %V
H
b
%3
6

:3 #
). ! B
X
"V 0
B "
RW
%
?+
"V 0 B Q @0
Q d
NX
(
"O ?0
@
%7P & +
l
5
a 6 H 8 :" Q
" >
%
A *
.X
& :?
^ A E:] V 0
& :T (
P
& +
H2 iZ
+ u
%& 6 H
T ) V 0 (
U
&> ?>
%
% 1 . + i %1 6 P
& +
V 0
" GV u
P
] :# , E:] %iV 6
h 2)
)? 75 0 ,
"%t 6
d @%( "
:
!
Mh
)i
:a
O
TA P
5 ` N 6 H 7P
^ A i _
+i
b ( ^ A &)
V 0
Eh 3 V
56 % 7 # ( L , P
" >
a )i
|
a b ", 6 H P "
:#
<(
8
%
)!
a b 78( N O
,i l
&
B ?A h
&
>
"iN B
2)
V & M
,
% O
+
& ( :, + , %\ ? 6

43

+Q
Q

*K

?V l
& +
V l
. #
:3 R
56 U
A
!
: C
\] V !` V 0 :
,
A 1 B
h
+i U
.
h
%3 756 L , P
2d
&,
:
,
RW
&U
A # %3 * 6 @U
3
W ),
P"
%! "% h
%' 6 U
Eh !
A h
( "
_RZ
K a &, :Q c H
q ` :Hf
f < 6
% 7 #
" 78
! 78
J?
1V
Y h 6

& +
L ,P
" >
&
T ) ( P :Eh A d { d {
/ z (
w & +
& &, :a
( |
N O YV M6
A P
&>
%
E}
&3 `
&>
& +
"
< h
c %3 * 6
?
%7P
& +
#
%3 6 G! 0 ?
A `? Q
H I J?
% *K
&>
& +
,, / *>
E .
", 6
V A K ?V l
& + (
.#
#O
#, A
Q
E . H
%
:'
Q
:&A U
% "%t 6 ?V l
%7P
& +
q K N % 56 A
Q
A >{
/ ,*
E:]
+
@
?c & .
:
)9( >
2 )K :

56 H# V P L , P B
/ *?
0 A # ?
R0
+
.
56
d I V 0
%
^
Q*
,
A *
:
56
P
V { L ,P
& + (
X@, Y " " > B
X@, Y
*
& A
X@, Y
%
)* ,
L M&
,
Q* (
:Eh R0
"
d A )V @
XN b
%3 * 6

&3 "

V {

GV u
A
! ( "K &U
(
%a
75 r [ h
"/ F f6
X@, Y
K4
N
(
X T v % Dt] &
L <
yB
v % m ~ & &yB
[
v % "> U@EyB
# 0 v %
&
"
y H
( ?V l
% w & + ( R, Q *
i%
,
H
&P 1%U
a + h ( )V
H
N A "` u

?Q V %a
56 V U
X@, Y \ ? %a
75S P ?. [
3
`

56
P
V {
7P
V u I : #
: H
: Y,
\ ? %a
6
GV u ?V l
( "* @
%7P "
& +
L ,P
" >
i _
) ! ' d ( P E:*
?
4 #N :
&# + i
J?
" 4
:) %a h
< 6 8
, 78 P & +
+ Y<
Y
:a

' ( 3 K 3 :
Q
%7P "
& +
^
5 : . 6

14

Aristotle, The Politics, Book V, Chapter 12

44

i _

) !

)`

" 2
:i E:] :3 #
i _
) !
X{ , h :a
"R* *
"b 6 8 "R* * 78 XMN <
. A ( P
.
:a
_
"
d
` 8 56
M. A 0 ,
0 ,
56r
i _
) !
& - Y ( U
_ & I
I
*
i_m (
0 ,
%
3W
@? L , P ?
Q
H
,
d ,/ b
% 56
Q , 8(

%P
H

) !
3 &P
# " ( _ &P ) !
:/

X@N
a V
>6
_ &P ) ! ( # T ?>
A
E:
V 3
i% V 0
$h
)
<
: 56 "
)M A
Q
,
..
HV )
' % (
% [ @
B "0 \ PB
, d PB # T
Q A
B "

>
A *
% 56
L ,P
& + B
@
A
Q B / * B L M&
Q
* f Q* ( &
;
" %
c (
U
_ &P ) !
% :i_m
WW
A
V 0
[ b
#h
.]
%U _ &P ) ! 56
- "%P
H

i _
) !
_ &P ) !
" >
%
A *
G!
>6
P : %
A *
R:
i_m
Y h 6 h
P " 2
:?)
"R* *
O
" 2
_ V &P ) !
) %a
5S 3
H"
.#
\?
", 6
P ) !(
*
R:
% ;
A .
L ,P
Rd
) %a
6
&>
& +
% E . )V
V 0
I
I %)
6

d G!
P
V {
&>
& + (
&>
3 &P : %Q h G!
YV < 6 P
! ( )@0
%
3 &P Y . B
&
%
3 &P
%A . . B Q # &
3&
R3
:
. h "R* *
3
%&
B
Q@
% E:] B H I J?
*
0 H@%
3&
"
A PI :E ?

" @
3&
%?& 6
P 0 H@%
3 &P(
&>
t %
.
' % ( "
1
` B X2
X V
" @

A &
Eh ", 6 L , P
& A
\% + d(
NX
L M&B
%
N
Q
. )
l %V
3 # h %3 * 6
&>
& +
)O
: *,
`8
P
\? (
P
!
X @
& +
d GV t % (
9* ?
+ ?
A
V 0 ?{
>U
%
?T & :E
'

56 "
R,
( H
% &
@ V ( "
9*
: \ X, & +
A
H
"
?Q V % " 6 R,
"{ 9*
(
%7P _R
( Qe A
% ?T & ", 6
H 78 "
@)M : R G!
"
Ka
%7
_R
f
V "
' % ( V M
A >

Q
h
a"
:# , 56 H& A :a
w A G!
Y 5 V 0
3 :>
G!
& A % " 6
%t % 3 (
V { G!
d HV M 56
V { G!
d 3
2)
%
6
& A
d qu
T
.
A >{
"
b D
E:*
T d
"R
56 " 7P
! (
3#
%
+

W)*
?
) !
3 &P
The Albert Einstein Institution, 2003) :

:Q d
.

d @N ( Gene Sharp, The Anti-Coup (Boston, MA:


d "
6

45

H I
"R

J?
5S

&>

>
PI

H@%
V {

3 &P V < + l 2
XN
&, :a
6

\ %" N O

3*

L M

:i
_R `
2
RN 0 &, :a
( )I :
%
+ u
E ! YV M6 / * B L , P
i% i _
) ,@ H ` 3
:
% i2 [
%
_R H&3 ! %a h 6
?{
)l (
Q
H@
L ,P
" > ( " / ,*
_R
) "
m
%3 * 6r ?
:i2 _R
( %
?
+
7P # T

A
Q
H
:
3*
E
+
{ { i _
+ u
C2 %a @6 R8d
+ u Q
(
&>
& +
&3 "
N % %t ( "
+@
?)
:3 `
J? Y* a
56
R,
,
(
&P
,a P t%
)
f
!0
H@
){ { H
:

:
"R
56 &, 8(
, a P " :l @ h
3
+
( P :
a,
&>
& +
Q@
V 0
-h(
A
Q
R
L ,P
" >
%
A *
i f "
m I
A ", 6
5

@d

)@0
%1 2
& +
V @% N % %t ( &
4
J?
56 8 N # 78( U

H
3 >
: &;
: # f E:] ( & ] ( :# ,
d A
H
:. )f %R Z 6
H 78 :# ,
Z
( " U
V 0
: #f Q*
&
Q
0
Q a
&, A V ( "R
& "
Z " ?. [
", 6
&>
3 &P
E . :3 #
%1 2
"
A
Q
A : .
l
aQ
", 6 P A
Q
E ?
2
{3
%
3
+ u %V
6 "
2 [ :Eh
3&
{?
+ .
& B
% :'
,
&* &B / *
% )f%
" 7P L , P
& +
:Eh + %
&>
V ,
C2 Z %a
6
"/
0
L ,P
" > :
H
A
Q (
: .
& +
Mh
"%
Ha
56
V A K
W)*
%1 2
O
"d
E@?(
B
? O
B
Q@
?
B
Q &
% 9* ?
+ ?
A
H I J?
%
3&
@ (
a
"R* *
%XN 6 "
":<
"RV &P
>
:Eh d
> ( R, "* @
?
*%
i% 3
{ #
X A
& :EG ( A
Q
# P " z
: / Q Q @0
"R* *
"] h
K O i %a
6
" 78 . c d 78
RM
b
T*
W)* L , P
" >
%1 2
O & ( b
U ( E:m
4 C " ( Q "
a* (
* Z E:] H
%{ :a
( * K E:*
&>
& +
a h :O , E:
,
%/ G 75 * g h
56

%a

" 78 . c d 78
=

RM

T*

( "

Q , &P

16 Gene Sharp, Civilian-Based Defense: A Post-Military Weapons System (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton
University Press, 1990)

46

& +

)! V 0 ?A h
B 2)
"RV Q P <

P i f
: <
7P H %
% \ ? %a
E:]
Q A %a
6
& +
%_ . S
O
:4 # N
\] f
ef

E:]

H] V

: "
T

&

&! P :

56
>

?N
V & M

YV M6
&

V 0

:N l &=
N 5 "% H
( :
g
F
56
( :'
% i2 [
%M
I
Em "%
6 E:] P
f * )h
4
H
:a
X N ", 6 l M
3
6
V <
R
X N
V "a [ h (
*

V A K
^ A 2 )K V 0
. %1 d 6
V {
&>
-h V 0
V h ? %\ ? 6
\ 78 + %
*K
56
)O ; i f V h ?
:'
E:] V 0
%
6

47

N
"R* *
"R*
**
"R

%1 2

i3 +

%1 2
V

3*
0

3 ,.

r E:*

n %
? i% % Rd
#
p ?V *
@
:i_ "! D
E:] :d
3 ,.
% 3 8 "! D

, i%

:3 # N +

:Q d

:3 #

3 ,.

4
B K
L &
B : / d i
:
a
s
X
B i
2A d
ro `
.
rr
B V <
,
rn Skywriting and earthwriting v" Q 0 %(
"
"
z ) ~ - ( : d d f% . c d y

:3 #

X PB "

V 0 (

rp I & V
r % % Q
& 0
r
, " 1& &
r ). !
R
r % % Q

" 0
r
rs
no
nr
nn
np
n
n
n
n
n
ns

T @ y E:*

3*

*
A
" 0
" 0
a
b
"
'
" 0
"
& @
) O
?2 :3 #
?
% RW
&) ?
" 0
E
&
: `A
G " H
?
&P
"&0
" 0
V .
" 0
/ ,*

: `A

r
8 : : 78(
&
z
K"
(
Gene Sharp, The Politics of Nonviolent
Action, Part Two, The Methods of Nonviolent Action (Boston, MA: Porter Sargent, 1973) :
. d
i& 56

48

po

% f

"

)M ? l Q *

pr
pn
pp
p

i&

Q # &
Q # &
)
a
0

:3 #

z 8O

p
p
p

.c d
[
V
:0

! & :
z 8O

!W

+q *
p
ps
[
o _%0
r 3
n + q *

Q e
+q *
-%

a*

p L , P
% % Q
& + K
i3 + & + l K
" & + K :i_

E:*

* %U

s
o

% Rd i%
?
%
? " *
&
" *
%i3 + "&
EZ

&

"R* *

& 0
_

0 A #

Q*

! )@
?

r A /
n &
p :i_#
A - -

3 ,

0 A #
A & P
,,Y 0 A #
A & P
@%Q &
>
N
?RW
)3

49

" 2
o
r
n
p

@ B

"R* *

0 A #

&L
? 0 A # ?
0 A #
>
A T
"V 0
_Z
0 A #
% 0 W:
0 A #
!0

0 A #

s
o

& +

NX

? Wd

&

&

+ ?

d
? O
A R
EV 0 Q A
| *
*
N
%
? d Q
vE

/ *

"`

R ( (1) / *

A & P

+ 3 P :d
r A & P + 3 P
n
&z + c
% ) 3
p
" %

% % a
%
%
_R H
A & P + 3 P
"E
A & P + 3 P

~O b

"d %

:d

A & P ~O b
A & P "d %P

, % ] :d

A & P "H X

" YV P & A

:d

r A & P `
n
%
N i% %
p
`N
[ } &
R: a @
X
"V 0 `

s
so
sr

P %

&>

A T*
*
& :
% "R 3 b
dM
) i% i, V
% a
R
, A
a@
3 K % a
R
3 &P % a

:d
% a

50

:3 #

3&

:d

sn
R
sp
` " M
:R
s R "E
?>
`
s R "E
?> + 1
s "E
R
3V

"R* *

/ *

&

R ( (2) "V 0

"V 0
s %
s G. #

"V 0
A / v# O

"V 0 y

"V 0

ss
roo

"V 0
"V 0 Q

"V 0

dh>

ror
ron
rop
ro

"V
"V
"V
"V

>

"V 0

"V 0
Q
[ } &
"V 0
` "V 0

"V 0

ro
ros
rro
rrr
rrn
rrp
rr
rr

: [
rr
rr

0 ~O b
0

0
[ @
0 Q
>

} &

ro
ro
ro

&U
A

: :
"V 0
[ "V 0
R [ "V 0
"V 0

& A
u
u
"V 0

?
"V 0
, , Y "V 0

} &

"V 0

" e { "V 0
X
"V 0

?EV
rr

"V 0

rrs

/ *

/ *
v X
). !

). !
). ! y

51

"R* *

L ,P

0 W:
3
E:* Rd
a@

& . c d

rnp
rn
rn
rn
rn
rn
rns
rpo
rpr
rpn

"0

rs
ro

"E
rr
rn
rp
r

& &

3 &P

P R3 P " @
P

P
3&
:
& A
P
3&
d
B
@
" @
3&
E
@
&
A & P
3 &P :V R
@
& X P " @
% V 3`d
" 0
`&
:
^ Q*
%
*
c
@
% d &

&
&
&
&

Q A

" 2
A
A
A
A

rpp
rp
rp
rp
rp
rp
rps
ro
rr

rn
rp
r
r
r
r

rno
rnr
rnn

W `
:c

0
V
W

T
% R
%
W:
E:*
% 0 W:
;
W
" * i%
@?
a
:i_

>)
A R
)&
N :>
A * B E
%
3 @.
# T
% 0 W:
%G; A 3

3*

3 &P :d

,,Y % V 3 ` d
Q A
3 &P
&
#k
W:
a
) O .

X
A
A R
d
A R
X P " @
% % [
:3 #
%
3*
i _
)]

3&

3*

? A `
&>
A R
i P

3&
, ? "
b 0 &>
b 0 &>
b 0 &>

V %
3&
"_}

3*
b 0 &> ?
"`
X@N

V
&
a

52

?
%

& :

r
r
r

"R* *
& "
r
rs

ro
rr

" @

"E
"E
"E

"

%1 2
Z"

?V *
?V *
?V *

[ V -"
"
[ V "

Q G@)

0 A #

[ V "

r
r
r
r
r
rs

&P 0 A #
"
T,N >
a
d @d
! & * %
"0 0 A #
"0 & +

rr
rn
rp
r
r
r
r
r
rs
rso
rsr

[ V "

"V 0

>)
? *
?A
d
4
*
.@
%1 2
3
%1 2
3
%1 2 E
%1 2 X
%1 2

%1 2 1#

/ *

vy
@
v, y %
3]
A T
v y T > 3 _
3 *N d
%1 2
&* &

[ V "

rn
rp
r
r
r
r
r
rs
ro
rr
rn
rp

ro

&
"*
3 @d

"Y

?
"R* *
2 )F & A

3 *N
?
" "V 0
. A
%1 2 1#
k
a
% . +V
Y
L ,P
V
1T )V
W)
dB A
!`
u V `d
"0 ) `
"0 & + 1+ :>

53

&
d

rsn

"0

/ *

L ,P

[ V "

rsp
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs

"
Q
# T
%
V

?
A

& +
2 )F & A
&
?> Q , %P G@)
V @%
% 0 W:
: A 3
A *
& A
I @?
0 +
v [ y

54

3&

-\K

W)*

WA

%8
%
8A

8
8

: R

( 8 A
78 E:*
+@ d V
56 &, 8( :'
2 H* :
: 3
%a
6
Q*
Ha

%3 }

% ' (
%78 . c d 78
9
:&); , # !
", ? 6
Q

8 . c d 78 "
:* : h
R ( 3 # h "%3 *
6
8 . c d 78 H* :A :
%3 * 6
P :i_
A
78
RM
b
%a
6

3 ( :'

5 Q*

"V

, ? ( :?Q a

( "
7P "
!
" #

$% & % y

8 . c d 78
1
5(
# C@
z
N O
3#
%3 * 6 %1 2
&

"
R . :a
%
O @
H 7P :V ,
%0
%a
56 &, 8( " 78 . c d 78
/
b R, "R@

z
\ V %a
6
&P "
:
1z "
O @
a V
( "
N O
3 # %3 * 6

8 . c d 78
" #
$% & %
TU V 0 =

z
:

: 5 ? l Q *
, ?( "R*
"
3 0

@
:R

)O

:1V

E;
%78
, "a

|
)

)# ,
\?
2
(
# P U

:A 3 ^ (
A

!
", ?6

> D
u %A 6 A > ( "
3 M: H I
J?
" 7P

:N l h
,

,
H
%A 56
W)* 78 + ? d /
:
W)* " 78 . c d 78 Q e Z
,? "
O @
,
d /
J? %
6

R `u V 0
R z (

R `

TTM
& A %
%U
u
V A
% ,

R `
( Q,&
R.
%7U l
"

&

.6 R `u ( P
%E 6
: - ,
' : ~ 56

5(
u (
" :\ ?
7P . c d
R, "R &P
@
z Y
6

vG y
: :

R `u (

"
1
P
u : # G
R ` u :i_
%U
I % d
%
\ (
P

% Y 6
8
:\ ? ( P

: i, ? l Q
i%
,
:Em d
Q
56
P d
>
"{
' % 3 (
R `u
: # h
%U " 3
?(
u & c % . 6

R z (

55

%UI

%E 6

.c d
h
h
&
h I R z (
u
%UI
u (
Q
R ` u :_m
R# (
P
%
i
: `
V 0 V ? %\ ? 6

56

1 ( R `u
P
%E 6
%U( V M
A >
| %A :S
A

&

W)*
(D. Phil., Oxon)( " 7P "
m&
( 0 T Q
: H
!
" #
$% & %
R 3h R
MG < 6 % * ,
(B.A.) 0 &
&
(M.A.)
3K U
_< & %
5w &P : # h
'
H, ?(
L ,P
& T
V 0
% MG
3 K (D. Phil.)
& V 5w &P
]b 6
0 _
t, ( A ( %
K % MG
3 K S H I J?
K
t, (
3
Q >
"R 3 b (
%
K
% MG
3K
!g 6 "
0 T Q z
% L ,P
& T
Z Q
K &
'
H, ?( " 5w &P &b
5w
P 0 T Q ( m &
J?
gZ
< 6 " _ V 5w &P " : H 0 H "E
>
V 0
\ *]
Q @T +
:\ ?
"R b 6

3 M:
: d
2 A d P= The Politics of Nonviolent Action (1973), Gandhi as a Political Strategist
(1979), Social Power and Political Freedom (1980), Making Europe Unconquerable (1985)
H I 7? Civilian-Based Defense: A Post-Military Weapons System (1990) : h
% H 6 Waving Nonviolent Struggle: Twentieth Century Practice and Twenty-First
Century Potential
&
. d V 0 " noop A
5 "b 6

57

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi