Displacement Crushing Force Energy Absorbed Mean load

(mm) (kN) (J) (kN)

0.00 0.00 0 0 0
0.31 0.64 0.10 0.10 0.32
0.63 1.96 0.41 0.51 0.81
0.94 3.70 0.89 1.40 1.49
1.26 6.13 1.55 2.95 2.34
1.57 8.81 2.35 5.30 3.37
1.89 12.14 3.30 8.61 4.56
2.20 15.54 4.37 12.97 5.89
2.52 18.87 5.43 18.41 7.31
2.83 21.73 6.41 24.82 8.76
3.15 23.94 7.22 32.04 10.17
Displacement Crushing Force Energy Absorbed Mean load
(mm) (kN) (J) (kN)
0.00 0.00 0 0 0
0.31 0.64 0.10 0.10 0.32
0.63 1.96 0.41 0.51 0.81
0.94 3.70 0.89 1.40 1.49
1.26 6.13 1.55 2.95 2.34
1.57 8.81 2.35 5.30 3.37
1.89 12.14 3.30 8.61 4.56
2.20 15.54 4.37 12.97 5.89
2.52 18.87 5.43 18.41 7.31
2.83 21.73 6.41 24.82 8.76
3.15 23.94 7.22 32.04 10.17
3.47 25.45 7.81 39.85 11.49
3.78 26.12 8.17 48.02 12.69
4.10 25.90 8.24 56.26 13.72
4.42 24.83 8.04 64.30 14.55
4.74 23.37 7.65 71.95 15.19
5.05 21.36 7.10 79.05 15.64
5.37 19.52 6.49 85.54 15.93
5.69 17.80 5.93 91.47 16.08
6.01 16.17 5.40 96.87 16.13
6.32 14.97 4.95 101.83 16.10
6.64 14.13 4.63 106.46 16.03
6.96 13.83 4.45 110.91 15.93
7.28 14.18 4.46 115.38 15.85
7.60 14.70 4.61 119.98 15.79
7.92 15.50 4.82 124.80 15.76
8.24 16.74 5.15 129.95 15.77
8.56 17.95 5.54 135.49 15.83
8.88 19.44 5.98 141.46 15.94
9.20 20.78 6.43 147.89 16.08
9.52 22.10 6.86 154.75 16.26
9.84 23.04 7.22 161.98 16.47
10.16 23.67 7.48 169.46 16.68
10.48 24.04 7.64 177.10 16.90
10.80 24.14 7.72 184.81 17.12
11.12 24.01 7.72 192.53 17.32
11.44 23.64 7.64 200.17 17.50
11.76 23.19 7.51 207.69 17.66
12.08 22.67 7.36 215.05 17.80
12.40 22.30 7.22 222.27 17.92
12.72 22.03 7.12 229.39 18.03
13.04 21.85 7.05 236.44 18.13
13.37 21.78 7.01 243.45 18.22
13.69 21.98 7.03 250.48 18.30
14.01 22.30 7.12 257.60 18.39
14.33 22.90 7.27 264.87 18.48
14.65 23.57 7.48 272.35 18.59
14.97 24.49 7.73 280.08 18.70
15.30 25.30 8.02 288.09 18.84
15.62 25.98 8.26 296.35 18.98
15.94 26.47 8.45 304.80 19.12
16.26 26.79 8.58 313.38 19.27
16.58 26.77 8.63 322.01 19.42
16.91 26.35 8.56 330.57 19.55
17.23 25.63 8.38 338.95 19.67
17.55 24.71 8.11 347.06 19.77
17.87 23.57 7.78 354.85 19.85
18.20 22.32 7.40 362.25 19.91
18.52 21.28 7.03 369.28 19.94
18.84 20.21 6.69 375.97 19.95
19.16 19.25 6.37 382.34 19.95
19.49 18.40 6.07 388.41 19.93
19.81 17.78 5.84 394.25 19.90
20.13 17.41 5.68 399.93 19.87
20.46 16.79 5.52 405.45 19.82
20.78 16.41 5.36 410.81 19.77
21.10 16.17 5.26 416.06 19.72
21.42 15.84 5.17 421.23 19.66
21.75 15.74 5.10 426.33 19.60
22.07 15.62 5.06 431.39 19.55
22.39 15.62 5.04 436.43 19.49
22.71 15.62 5.04 441.48 19.44
23.04 15.69 5.05 446.53 19.38
23.36 15.82 5.09 451.62 19.33
23.68 15.89 5.12 456.74 19.29
24.01 15.82 5.12 461.85 19.24
24.33 15.84 5.11 466.96 19.19
24.65 15.59 5.07 472.03 19.15
24.97 15.47 5.01 477.05 19.10
25.30 15.32 4.97 482.01 19.05
25.62 15.10 4.91 486.92 19.01
25.94 14.80 4.82 491.74 18.96
26.26 14.87 4.79 496.53 18.90
26.59 15.00 4.82 501.35 18.86
26.91 15.40 4.90 506.25 18.81
27.23 16.04 5.07 511.31 18.78
27.55 16.71 5.28 516.59 18.75
27.88 17.48 5.51 522.10 18.73
28.20 18.38 5.78 527.88 18.72
28.52 19.47 6.10 533.97 18.72
28.84 20.56 6.45 540.42 18.74
29.16 21.53 6.78 547.20 18.76
29.49 22.13 7.03 554.22 18.80
29.81 22.85 7.24 561.46 18.84
30.13 23.37 7.43 568.89 18.88
30.45 23.57 7.55 576.44 18.93
30.77 23.67 7.59 584.03 18.98
31.09 23.34 7.55 591.59 19.03
31.42 23.24 7.48 599.07 19.07
31.74 22.80 7.39 606.47 19.11
32.06 22.25 7.23 613.70 19.14
32.38 21.38 7.00 620.70 19.17
32.70 20.93 6.79 627.49 19.19
33.02 20.09 6.58 634.07 19.20
33.34 19.42 6.33 640.40 19.21
33.66 18.70 6.11 646.51 19.21
33.98 18.20 5.91 652.42 19.20
34.30 17.85 5.77 658.19 19.19
34.62 17.38 5.64 663.83 19.17
34.94 17.18 5.53 669.36 19.16
35.26 17.08 5.48 674.84 19.14
35.58 16.86 5.42 680.26 19.12
35.90 16.76 5.37 685.63 19.10
36.22 16.71 5.34 690.98 19.08
36.54 16.56 5.31 696.29 19.06
36.86 16.41 5.26 701.55 19.03
37.18 16.41 5.23 706.78 19.01
37.50 16.12 5.18 711.96 18.99
37.81 16.07 5.12 717.09 18.96
38.13 16.09 5.12 722.20 18.94
38.45 16.09 5.12 727.32 18.92
38.77 16.29 5.15 732.47 18.89
39.09 16.64 5.23 737.70 18.87
39.40 17.08 5.35 743.05 18.86
39.72 17.66 5.51 748.56 18.85
40.04 18.15 5.68 754.24 18.84
40.36 18.87 5.87 760.10 18.84
40.67 19.37 6.05 766.16 18.84
40.99 19.87 6.21 772.37 18.84
41.30 20.09 6.32 778.68 18.85
41.62 20.19 6.36 785.05 18.86
41.94 20.51 6.43 791.47 18.87
42.25 20.16 6.42 797.89 18.88
42.57 20.11 6.35 804.24 18.89
42.88 19.72 6.27 810.51 18.90
43.20 19.25 6.13 816.65 18.91
43.51 19.07 6.03 822.67 18.91
43.83 18.72 5.94 828.61 18.91
44.14 18.57 5.86 834.47 18.91
44.45 18.77 5.86 840.33 18.90
44.77 18.82 5.89 846.22 18.90
45.08 19.20 5.95 852.18 18.90
45.39 19.69 6.09 858.26 18.91
45.71 20.06 6.22 864.48 18.91
46.02 20.56 6.35 870.83 18.92
46.33 21.08 6.50 877.33 18.94
46.64 21.75 6.68 884.01 18.95
46.95 21.95 6.81 890.82 18.97
47.27 22.23 6.88 897.69 18.99
47.58 22.47 6.95 904.64 19.01
47.89 22.52 6.99 911.63 19.04
48.20 22.52 6.99 918.63 19.06
48.51 22.62 7.00 925.62 19.08
48.82 22.45 6.98 932.61 19.10
49.13 22.25 6.92 939.52 19.12
49.44 22.30 6.89 946.41 19.14
49.74 22.03 6.84 953.25 19.16
50.05 21.70 6.75 960.00 19.18
50.36 21.36 6.63 966.63 19.19
50.67 20.98 6.52 973.15 19.21
50.98 20.56 6.39 979.54 19.22
51.28 20.04 6.24 985.77 19.22
51.59 19.27 6.03 991.80 19.22
51.90 18.87 5.84 997.65 19.22
52.20 18.28 5.69 1003.33 19.22
52.51 17.61 5.49 1008.82 19.21
52.81 17.08 5.30 1014.12 19.20
53.12 16.59 5.14 1019.25 19.19
53.42 15.89 4.95 1024.20 19.17
53.73 15.07 4.71 1028.91 19.15
54.03 14.95 4.56 1033.47 19.13
54.34 14.82 4.52 1037.99 19.10
54.64 14.53 4.45 1042.44 19.08
54.94 14.58 4.41 1046.85 19.05
55.24 14.78 4.44 1051.29 19.03
55.55 14.80 4.47 1055.75 19.01
55.85 15.17 4.52 1060.27 18.99
56.15 15.50 4.62 1064.89 18.97
56.45 15.74 4.70 1069.59 18.95
56.75 15.79 4.74 1074.32 18.93
57.05 15.94 4.76 1079.08 18.91
57.35 15.72 4.74 1083.83 18.90
57.65 15.77 4.71 1088.54 18.88
57.95 15.74 4.71 1093.24 18.87
58.25 15.97 4.73 1097.97 18.85
58.54 15.97 4.76 1102.73 18.84
58.84 16.12 4.77 1107.50 18.82
59.14 16.59 4.86 1112.35 18.81
59.43 17.04 4.99 1117.34 18.80
59.73 17.43 5.10 1122.44 18.79
60.03 18.03 5.24 1127.68 18.79
60.32 18.82 5.44 1133.12 18.78
60.62 19.34 5.62 1138.75 18.79
60.91 19.64 5.74 1144.48 18.79
61.20 19.97 5.82 1150.30 18.79
61.50 20.41 5.92 1156.23 18.80
61.79 20.66 6.01 1162.24 18.81
62.08 20.91 6.08 1168.32 18.82
62.37 21.11 6.13 1174.45 18.83
62.67 21.28 6.18 1180.63 18.84
62.96 21.53 6.23 1186.85 18.85
63.25 21.75 6.29 1193.14 18.86
63.54 22.08 6.35 1199.49 18.88
63.83 22.52 6.45 1205.95 18.89
64.12 23.00 6.58 1212.52 18.91
64.40 23.54 6.71 1219.24 18.93
64.69 24.09 6.86 1226.09 18.95
64.98 24.73 7.02 1233.11 18.98
65.27 25.33 7.18 1240.29 19.00
65.55 25.83 7.33 1247.62 19.03
65.84 26.27 7.45 1255.06 19.06
66.12 26.72 7.56 1262.62 19.09
66.41 26.92 7.64 1270.26 19.13
66.69 27.14 7.68 1277.95 19.16
66.98 27.14 7.70 1285.65 19.20
67.26 27.02 7.67 1293.31 19.23
67.54 26.79 7.60 1300.92 19.26
67.82 26.50 7.52 1308.44 19.29
68.11 25.98 7.39 1315.82 19.32
68.39 25.53 7.24 1323.06 19.35
68.67 24.98 7.08 1330.14 19.37
68.95 24.41 6.91 1337.05 19.39
69.23 23.94 6.75 1343.80 19.41
69.51 23.42 6.60 1350.40 19.43
69.78 22.92 6.44 1356.84 19.44
70.06 22.55 6.31 1363.15 19.46
70.34 22.23 6.20 1369.35 19.47
70.61 22.05 6.12 1375.47 19.48
70.89 21.83 6.05 1381.52 19.49
71.17 21.51 5.96 1387.48 19.50
71.44 21.55 5.91 1393.40 19.50
71.71 21.41 5.89 1399.28 19.51
71.99 21.18 5.82 1405.10 19.52
72.26 20.98 5.75 1410.85 19.52
72.53 20.66 5.67 1416.52 19.53
72.80 20.29 5.56 1422.08 19.53
73.07 19.89 5.44 1427.52 19.54
73.35 19.44 5.32 1432.84 19.54
73.61 19.05 5.19 1438.03 19.53
73.88 18.67 5.07 1443.10 19.53
74.15 18.45 4.98 1448.08 19.53
74.42 18.15 4.90 1452.98 19.52
74.69 17.88 4.81 1457.79 19.52
74.95 17.66 4.73 1462.53 19.51
75.22 17.56 4.68 1467.21 19.51
75.48 17.48 4.64 1471.85 19.50
75.75 17.46 4.62 1476.47 19.49
76.01 17.53 4.62 1481.09 19.48
76.28 17.68 4.63 1485.72 19.48
76.54 17.95 4.68 1490.40 19.47
76.80 18.28 4.74 1495.14 19.47
77.06 18.57 4.81 1499.95 19.46
77.32 18.90 4.88 1504.83 19.46
77.58 19.22 4.95 1509.78 19.46
77.84 19.57 5.02 1514.80 19.46
78.10 19.79 5.08 1519.89 19.46
78.36 19.97 5.12 1525.01 19.46
78.61 20.06 5.14 1530.15 19.46
78.87 19.99 5.13 1535.29 19.47
79.13 19.92 5.10 1540.39 19.47
79.38 19.92 5.08 1545.46 19.47
79.63 19.79 5.05 1550.51 19.47
79.89 19.79 5.02 1555.52 19.47
80.14 19.77 5.00 1560.52 19.47
80.39 19.82 4.99 1565.51 19.47
80.64 19.99 5.00 1570.51 19.47
80.89 20.29 5.04 1575.55 19.48
81.14 20.59 5.10 1580.66 19.48
81.39 20.98 5.18 1585.83 19.48
81.64 21.55 5.28 1591.11 19.49
81.89 22.10 5.40 1596.51 19.50
82.14 22.65 5.52 1602.04 19.50
82.38 23.27 5.65 1607.68 19.52
82.63 23.81 5.77 1613.46 19.53
82.87 24.39 5.89 1619.35 19.54
83.11 24.83 6.00 1625.35 19.56
83.36 25.26 6.08 1631.43 19.57
83.60 25.58 6.15 1637.58 19.59
83.84 25.80 6.20 1643.79 19.61
84.08 26.05 6.24 1650.02 19.62
84.32 26.05 6.25 1656.27 19.64
84.56 26.22 6.25 1662.52 19.66
84.80 26.50 6.28 1668.80 19.68
85.04 26.70 6.31 1675.11 19.70
85.27 26.77 6.33 1681.44 19.72
85.51 26.94 6.33 1687.77 19.74
85.74 27.04 6.34 1694.11 19.76
85.98 27.17 6.35 1700.46 19.78
86.21 27.22 6.35 1706.81 19.80
86.44 27.27 6.34 1713.14 19.82
86.68 27.24 6.32 1719.46 19.84
86.91 27.17 6.28 1725.74 19.86
87.14 27.27 6.26 1732.00 19.88
87.37 26.97 6.22 1738.22 19.90
87.59 26.87 6.15 1744.37 19.91
87.82 26.70 6.09 1750.46 19.93
88.05 26.42 6.02 1756.48 19.95
88.27 26.02 5.92 1762.41 19.97
88.50 25.70 5.82 1768.23 19.98
88.72 25.43 5.73 1773.96 19.99
88.95 25.06 5.64 1779.59 20.01
89.17 24.76 5.54 1785.13 20.02
89.39 24.41 5.45 1790.58 20.03
89.61 24.29 5.37 1795.95 20.04
89.83 24.29 5.34 1801.29 20.05
90.05 24.14 5.30 1806.59 20.06
90.27 24.16 5.27 1811.86 20.07
90.49 24.29 5.26 1817.12 20.08
90.70 24.53 5.28 1822.39 20.09
90.92 24.68 5.30 1827.69 20.10
91.13 25.01 5.33 1833.02 20.11
91.34 25.30 5.37 1838.39 20.13
91.56 25.60 5.41 1843.81 20.14
 91.77 26.00 5.46 1849.27 20.15
91.98 26.47 5.53 1854.80 20.17
92.19 26.84 5.60 1860.40 20.18
92.40 27.37 5.66 1866.06 20.20
92.61 27.64 5.72 1871.78 20.21
92.81 28.16 5.78 1877.56 20.23
93.02 28.31 5.82 1883.38 20.25
93.23 28.56 5.84 1889.22 20.27
93.43 28.78 5.86 1895.08 20.28
93.63 29.01 5.88 1900.95 20.30
93.84 29.05 5.88 1906.83 20.32
94.04 29.20 5.87 1912.70 20.34
94.24 29.40 5.88 1918.57 20.36
94.44 29.40 5.87 1924.44 20.38
94.64 29.65 5.86 1930.30 20.40
94.83 29.90 5.88 1936.19 20.42
95.03 30.17 5.91 1942.09 20.44
95.23 30.42 5.93 1948.02 20.46
95.42 30.87 5.97 1953.99 20.48
95.61 31.36 6.03 1960.01 20.50
95.81 31.94 6.10 1966.11 20.52
96.00 32.73 6.20 1972.31 20.55
96.19 33.45 6.31 1978.63 20.57
96.38 34.42 6.44 1985.06 20.60
96.57 35.41 6.59 1991.65 20.62
96.76 36.48 6.75 1998.40 20.65
96.94 37.50 6.91 2005.31 20.69
97.13 38.62 7.07 2012.38 20.72
97.31 39.66 7.23 2019.61 20.75
97.50 40.68 7.38 2026.98 20.79
97.68 41.82 7.53 2034.52 20.83
97.86 42.51 7.66 2042.18 20.87
98.04 43.38 7.76 2049.93 20.91
98.22 44.15 7.86 2057.79 20.95
98.40 44.73 7.93 2065.73 20.99
98.58 45.27 7.99 2073.71 21.04
98.75 45.82 8.04 2081.75 21.08
98.93 46.26 8.08 2089.82 21.12
99.10 46.89 8.12 2097.94 21.17
99.28 47.46 8.17 2106.12 21.21
99.45 47.93 8.21 2114.33 21.26
99.62 48.45 8.25 2122.58 21.31
99.79 49.05 8.29 2130.87 21.35
99.96 49.27 8.31 2139.18 21.40
100.13 50.09 8.34 2147.52 21.45
100.29 50.71 8.41 2155.93 21.50
100.46 51.38 8.46 2164.39 21.55
100.62 52.15 8.53 2172.92 21.59
100.79 52.85 8.59 2181.51 21.64
100.95 53.47 8.64 2190.15 21.70
101.11 54.14 8.68 2198.83 21.75
101.27 54.86 8.74 2207.56 21.80
101.43 55.55 8.79 2216.35 21.85
101.59 56.25 8.84 2225.19 21.90
101.75 57.04 8.89 2234.08 21.96
101.90 57.71 8.94 2243.02 22.01
102.06 58.38 8.98 2252.01 22.07
102.21 59.00 9.02 2261.02 22.12
102.36 59.72 9.05 2270.07 22.18
102.51 60.25 9.08 2279.15 22.23
102.66 60.72 9.09 2288.24 22.29
102.81 61.44 9.11 2297.34 22.34
102.96 61.91 9.12 2306.47 22.40
103.11 62.48 9.13 2315.60 22.46
103.25 63.03 9.14 2324.73 22.51
103.40 63.57 9.15 2333.88 22.57
103.54 64.02 9.14 2343.02 22.63
103.68 64.57 9.14 2352.16 22.69
103.82 64.87 9.12 2361.29 22.74
103.96 65.29 9.10 2370.39 22.80
104.10 65.44 9.06 2379.45 22.86