!

"# $ " % &

'() *+ # + , - $ ./ 0 !+ ! 1!"1 2 $ 3 %1! 4 2 # "(
5(6./ 0 !+ % % %1! 4 "# # -
(
( % 7 + "8 %1! 4 4 (
9(67 + . # . . : "./ + " 1! 4(
;(< "+= + 7 " 0 % %1! 4(
>(67 "+ 2 $ 3+ 3 %1! 4(
?() *+ # + , - $ ./ 0 !+ ! 1!"1 2 $ 3 %1! 4 %
!1 (
@(6./ 0 !+ + +A7 %1! 4 %
!1 (

30
('( BC DE F GC BGHF IC
E GJ
E

('('( 8

! 48 + K - -2 "!$ " 3 - . ! ,1 F L
2 + K. ! ,2 2 : !2 3 "
2 8= $ + K M . ! ,+ 3 + - 3 - . ! ,1 + $ 8 " ". * .
4 , -(

('(5( 1

('(5(' 6 " . ! ,2 2 M -2 "

!+ - . % 3 - . ! ,1

− ! 4 2 # "1 2 3+N $ , +NF 1 1 "0 F1 1 ". 2F 1

" 1! 2$ %1! 2(
− ! 4 %
!1 1 %
!N $ %
!+ 3 (
− ! 4 2 2 + 3(
− ! 41 4(

('(5(5 6 " + , K

− O , K8 1 " P1 +4 F1 ". 1 %
!1 A 7
Q(
− +3(

3 !. + # %8 ,1 1 1! 4 2 # "( ! 4 %
!1 * + + 4 "
. K % F $/ " " + K
2 &0 %1 %
2+ %. $ +341 3 - . ! ,1 (

('( ,

− ! 4 4 % . ! ,+ 2 2 M1 " - %+ 3 2 0= . . 2
+ , 3F 0 %$ 3
!2 2 2 # " %1! 4 4 %1 " 2 2 M %+ 3 (
− R - -4 % 2 8= + K !. $ + 34 % 3 - . ! ,1 (
− R " 4 % $ 8 " "+ K8 S # -$ . " ! %. +3 3
4# -(
− 2 : "7 %4 ,0=+ 3 4 % % (
− ! 4 4 %1 2 3
2$ % 0 34 3 8 + " 3# -8 . *β 4 % L 2 . "
(
− O , K8 S8 (
− R - -+ %$ (
− O %
20 % " 3 - 1! 4 . (

(5( OBJ
OBJ GT
E 6GB )GU E IC V GU )HIW EX
G G GV
6

(5(' +, -

31
 / (' - 1! 4 2 # " "1 "
4 . 2
Y ! 4+" 0Y ! 42 %

' Y ON "
4 > Y BT .
5YZ +4 ?Y BT "0 /
Y) % @Y " 8 " "
9Y " [Y ON 0=+ 3
;Y . 2 '\ Y Z " +

(5(5 ! 1!"1 2 $ 3 %1! 4 2 # "

R -+ 4 1 0 + 4 5F : 3 - + + , KF + 2 %/1 - "0
/? "8 1 - . > " 41 . 2 ;F 1 ; " 41 "F1 2 " .
%$ - . +N " 4$ 1 " 8 " "@ "+N " 4 %+N 0=+ 3 * %0 " +
'\(
ON 0=+ 3 : ! $ "0 " + F " 3 2$ . !, # -$ 2 A2 # " % +N " 4F
"4 % -$ "0 " + : "0 1 ( ON " 4 8 !F ". 1 1 "+ K 3 "
0 ,2 A2 # " . ! , $ . +N " 4. , ". 7( 6. +N " 4 " 8 S " +K
+= $=1 "
4$ *1 0=$ & : !F *1 "
4 $ +N " 4 "$ " 3+ K
& K %1 ( 6. : "./ + " F M1! 4F " - 2 2 # "0=0 2 F 1 2 %
" *$ 0 /$ + , " %2 +F ./ 8 % 1! 4 & F : "./ + 3
%1! 4 - +F 8 + ". 1! 4 4 % " - + , ] + K8 ! ./ % " ". + "
: += (

( ( GX X EX
G OIT GU
H BT

+! " "% % %1! 4 + - # # -. % . 4 . 4 1!

4+" $ . 4 1! 4 2 %
( X # # -+ 3 ! + ! K+ 3 $
+3 $ S+ 1 2 $ 3()/$ 3
!2 - 31 $ + 34 "0 " . & "

32
2 3$ 3 - " $ ( 6. "1! 4 + - A " # * "% % 1 " + - ".=
1 $ +3 4( O K - !. * % % % 1! 4 + - "1 $ + 3
4F " # * ": "./ # -%
3
4# - # + ,+ % % / (5( 6. # + , !F " 0 " . & = %. # *
+ $ *
(
^2 ^1

9 ω
Z ' G
^
ω2 ω0 5
I

/ (5 + ,+ K " % % %1! 4 + -# # -

X+ !
^2 _ 2 : "7 % " - ! K + 3 %+ 3 $ %4 , %+ 3 %
5
1! 4 ` 2# a(
^1 _ 2 : "7 % 4 , 0=+ 3 % 1! 4 $ % " - 34 # - "1 3
5
+3 $ "4 ,0=+ 3 %1! 4 + : !8 S$ ,. %1! 4 ` 2# a(
^ _ 2 : "7 %0 " + . + A. . " -
4 3 4# - + $ "
5
. - ! K+ 3 = - % ` 2# a(
2 : "7 !+ "+= + , 3 0 L +3 & % ! K+ 3
= -$ + 3 & %0 " + . ! K+ 3 : !
5
^ ω
$5 =
5 5
$
)/ ω = (
.0
G rbx2
Ja = ⋅ 2 ` 2#5a P ('Q
g io
ω _) 3 - " % . G `. 8b #a(
_ 6. 1 0 3 % ` a(
$ _) 3 - ! K+ 3 % `2b #a(
_ 6!%# -. ! , % . ! ,1 7 (
.0 _ Z " 7 1 & %0 " `2a(
_ -. . `[F@' 2b #5a(
- "7 + - % % %. - ! K + 3 : ! % "0 " / , !$
"P ('Q . 1 0 L P' c δdQF $ "
^0
δe = Σ P (5Q
.05
X+ !
^0 _ 2 : "7 %0 " ` 2#5a
6. " - ". 4 # - 1! 4 $ S+ " "1 ω2 f ω0 (
R " + 0 " . & 9 %. . " -4$ $ "0 " . & %. . F1 3
4
" * "0 " . & $ 9 # * - 3 1 $ + 3 4( GV48 4 ./ 1 %2 2
! K+ 3 : ! % . G . 0 " . & $ 9 " "
33
 P4 .r4 .t = J a .(ω′a − ω a ) P ( Q
X+ !
9_ "8 1 . & %0 " . & 9 . # -
(
.9 _ Z " 7 $ . 1 & %0 " . & 9(
_6 1 9 "8 F. + ". G ! + K$ 3 - " ω +-
ω′ (
ω _ 6 -+ 3 " % . G . " # -(
ω′a _ 6 -+ 3 " % . G # # -(
ω0 _ 6 -+ 3 " % . Z(
3
41 3 F " * 1 3
4+ 4 ./ 1 %2 2 . .
I
5
.5
. = (^ 2 + ^ 1 ) (ω − ωe ) P (9Q
.'
X+ !
_ "8 1 . & %0 " . & . # -
(
.'F .5F . _ Z " 7 $ . 1 & % "0 " . & 'F 5F (
ω _) 3 - " %. I . " # -(
ω′e _ ) 3 - " % . I # # -(
R 1 3
4 "4 ./ P ( Q $ P (9Q " + *0 %: 2 2 %+ 3 $ 2 2
% ! K+ 3 % 1 $/ " P " 1! 4Q "0 " . & / . - %$
2 2 7 . -1 "F % % %2 2 + 3 $ 2 2 % ! K+ 3 1
+" K
(
./ P (9Q " K$ -1 #
2
r r1 r
P3 .r3 .t = (J m + J l ). 2 . ωb − ω′a 4 P (;Q
r1 r2 r3
D S8 -
!. L 1 F 9 "8 * ". & 1 0 L $ # -1
(
R 0 " . & 9$ & "
4 $ "0 " . & /!%# -. ! , % 3
4 # - # *1
r r
ih = 2 ⋅ 4
r1 r3
6 4 ./ P ( Q $ P (;Q " # * "+= + -+ 3 "ω d(6. " -
r
$ -4 ./ P (;Q $ " 4
r3
2
r r r1 r r
P3 .r3 .t 4 = (J m + J l ). 2 . ωb − ω′a 4 . 4
r3 r1 r2 r3 r3
P3 .r4 .t = (J m + J l ).ω b .i h − (J m + J l ).ω′a .i 2h P (>Q
)/ f 9 (.9( f 9(.9 ( ( Z %$ 3! 4 ./ P ( Q $ P (>Q "
^ ( ′a − ) = (^ 2 + ^ 1 )( 0 ( − (^ 2 + ^ 1 )( ′a ( 5
!.
(J m + J l ).ωb .i h + J a .ωa
ω′a = P (?Q
(J m + J l ).i 2h + J a
6 ! ".=ω d$ P ( Q "

34
 (^ 2 + ^ 1 )(ω0 ( + ^ (ω
(.9 ( = ^ −ω
9
(^ 2 + ^ 1 )( 5 + ^
^ (^ 2 + ^ 1 )( (ω 0 − ω ( )
(.9 ( = P (@Q
9
(^ 2 + ^ 1 )( 5 + ^
6 4 ./ P (@Q -
!1 7 "8 1 A
40 " . & # -4 3
$ K # -2 2 : " 7 P^2 c ^1 Q( ! " K % 20 L " %
2 K P^2 c ^1QF 2 -$ 3!
# - ,2 %1! 4 + K ".=^2 % % + -+ 31 " % 9(
)/2 2 : " 7 ^2 1 " ^1 . - ,F 1! 4 " . : "./ # - /1 9
# * %2. - ,(
Z ! " ". 4 # - 1! 4 2 % ( "+ "% % % ^2 *F
0 %$ 3
!^2 # * - 3. "4 ./ $ 4 ./ P (@Q 1 " !# * #
J .J .i .(ω − ω a .i h )
P4′ .r4 .t = a l h 2 b P ([Q
J l .i h + J a
X+ !
P4′ _ "8 1 A
40 " . & + " 1! 4(
6 4 ./ P ([Q " -
!. L 1 P4′ 4 3 2 2 : " 7 ^1 ( O K P4′
%
2F , 4 % % 2 ^1F 0 %$ 3! - -1! 4 , 4 % % 2 2 2 : " 7 4 , 0=+ 3
- 2 " % - " K+ (
6 4 ./ P (@Q $ P ([Q # !. . L ".= 9 A P4′ !%1 3 3$ " 3# -Pω0 Y ω ( Q(
-. 3
4 # - "+ A0 3+ , - /# *. " + 1 $ +3 4 * "0 " . & # -(
O K$ 3 - " " K+ , + , " /1! 4 4 %+ % 2 0 %2 %8 " "(
# " 4 ./ P (@Q $ P ([Q " K -1 3 . L # -2 1! 4 2 % /
1 %2 2 A1 7 # * % 2 +" K - 3 # -Pω0 Y ω ( Q ( 6!%# - "
1 %1 P4′ ( $ 9( + "+= #
′(
9 ^ ^1 ( 0 − )⋅ (^ 2 + ^ 1 ) 5 +^
= =
9( ^1 5 + ^ ^ (^ 2 + ^ 1 ) ( 0 − )
^1 ^
^1 ' + 5
+ P ('\Q
= 1 52
[
^ (^ + ^ 1 ) + ^ 5
=
] ^2 ^2
^1 ( )
+ ^ (^ 2 + ^ 1 )
(^ 5
+^ ) ' + ^^ 1
1
2

Jl
)/2 2 : " 7 ^2 1 " ^1 . - ,F " K 2 " ".=. - %
F 1 "+ " "
Jm
"
Ja
i 2h +
P4′ ⋅ t Jm
= P (''Q
P4 ⋅ t J
i 2h + a
Jl
< ". 4 K % EgG _ ;; # -. ! ,HHH$ " "# -1 30 - . " #
f 'F@9
^2 f'F; 2#5
^ f '\F5 2#5
^1 f \F\55 2#5
6 ! "# -1 3 . $ 4 ./ P (''Q "

35
 P4′ .t
= 0,022
P4 .t
$ 3
! 1! 4 %. "2 % 1 %1 $ +3
4 %
2+ , ;\ 1 ,
# -
F8 +"& + K %0 " . & 3
4# -
(

(9( 6GV DE EX
G R H G

ω2
1
^2 \

ω0
/ ( + , 3 - . ! ,1 + K " "8 %1! 4 4

" # * " "8 %1! 4 4 # + , %/ ( (

" ". 44 -
4 + K8 2 1! 4 $ S+ " (
dv
R 4 # * " - 2 $ 8 1! 4 + " . !% ! K+ 3 3
28 ,
dt
dω m
$ " - "
dt
D . !% ! K+ 3 " - "F # * - 32 2 "1 : "7 h
. !, +3 : 1! 4
8ω 2
h = ^2 P ('5Q
8
2 !# * "8 1 3 - . ! ,1 F -. : "./ 4 2 1! 4 $ S+ "
$ 0= . F "1 hi 1
X+ !
ω2 Y) 3 - " %. !%(
ω0 Y ) 3 - " %0 " (
$ Y) 3 - % (
\ Y 6!%
# -. ! , % . ! ,1 7 (
1 Y 2 2 # " %1! 4(
- " %. !%+ 3 + 7 #
8ω 2 8ω 0
= ⋅ ⋅
8 8
dω
6. + " bx 1 - " %0 "
dt
8ω 0 8 $ ' 8$
= = ⋅
8 8 .0 .0 8
- "
36
 dω m i 0 .i h dv
= ⋅
dt rbx dt
dω
6 ! ".= m $ /
2+ $ P ('5Q "
dt
i 0 .i h dv
h f ^2 ⋅ P (' Q
rbx dt
dv
D S8 -
!. L h 4 3$ F
dt
i .i dv
h2 f ^2 0 h ⋅ P ('9Q
rbx dt max

4 + 42 " " K "+= += 1 3 #

δ 8$
42 = P (';Q
8 2
X+ !
42 Y 6 K "1 4 + % "0 " (
Y 6. 1 0 3 % (
Y -. . (
δ Y 3# -7 + - % % % ". -: ! % P 2 %j !" ! - kQ(
J m i 2h i o2. tl g
= 1+ + J bx P ('>Q
G rbx2 G bx .rbx2
6. +"
η' Y 3 # - % 3 - . ! ,1 (
J bx Y 6 K # -2 2 : " 7 % "0 " (
0 Y 6. 1 %0 " (
4 + + -$ " "0 -.7 -4 % - % "0 " # *0 L 7 # - *
. 1 0 3 % $ " 3# -0 " 2 ϕ(
42 f ϕ ( P ('?Q
6 4 ./ P (';Q $ P ('?Q " "
dv ϕ .g
= P ('@Q
dt max
dv
6 ! ".= %P ('@Q $ 4 ./ P ('9Q " "+= + 2 2 + %
dt max

"1 : "7 . ! ,: 1! 4
i h i 0 ϕg
M j max = J m . . P ('[Q
rbx δ

2 !# *. ! , : 1! 4F - 2 2 2 # " 1 % 1! 4 1 " "

( - 1
/1! 4 0= . $ 3 - . ! ,1 # * = % . $ " ".= ]0 L 2 2 2 # " 1 %
1! 4(
- 1! 4 "2 2 2 # " 1 0 L A1 " ".= h 2 F / 3 - . ! , 1 # *
= %. " ".=+ " 0 L h 2 (
Z %$ 3! 4 -
4F + K. " ! %. : "1 " 3 - . ! ,1 F " ,
" 1! 4(

37
(;( BC 6g 6 H gG 6gB lEGV6gm OBV

(;('( l "./ + " 1! 4

l "./ + " 1! 4 %
!. 4 , %+ 3 %1! 4 : !$ "$ 3 - "ω2F $
4 , 0=+ 3 : ! $ "$ 3 - "ω ( D "# "0 3$ ,$ 3 - " ω2 ≠ ω *
"+N %+ 3 $ 0=+ 3 % 1! 4 # *# . # . ( . ! - 28 " "+N
%+ 3 $ 0=+ 3 + -1 , 2 3 -F "1 ω2 f ω ( R %+ 3 S
F
8 ω f\ # . # *. -1 "(
. # *# . 2 # "F ! # *0 - 3 & 1 2 " "
- %1! 4F 8 S + - 3 : %1 3# -2 # " %1! 4 %
2$ "1 " K2 -
% & " 4(
l "./ + " 1! 4 " K " . 4#

(;('('( O " 1! 4

" !+ 3 : !$ "$ 3 - $ -
+ 3 3 %0 + 4 1! 4( R %+ 3 $ 3
!
# * "# 31 "F -1 % * 1! 4 " 3# -8 . * β 1 "(
O " 1! 4 4 4 "4 ! "1 F $/ "# . %. +3 1 " " -
% 3 - . ! ,1 F . -%2 3$ . 4 $ S# %8 (

(;('(5( O " 1! 4

X. 4 ! - % 0 + 4 %1! 4 ! K+ 3 (D +"
+ " 1! 4 $ . . . 4 !# * & (
O K "+= . . : "./ + " 1! 4F " %# "+ , = %/ (9

ω
A B ωm
ω0
Ml ωb
ωm M m ωb J Mb t
Jm b O
to
6. 6 & 6 -+ 3
1! 4 - K+=
a) b)

/ (9 + ,+ K7 " .
Y / 7 "(
0 Y O , =0 - $ 3 - "(

38
 ω2F ω0 _ ) 3 - " % . !%$ . 1! 4(
^2 _ 2 : "7 %0 " + $ % " -+ 3 : !8 S$ ,0 " + (
^0 _ 2 : "7 % $ . 2 ": !8 S$ ,. %1! 4(
Go + Gm 2
r bx
Jb = .
g (i hi pio )2
X+ !
\_ 6. 1 0 3 % (
2 _ 6. 1 0 3 %. 2 "(
F 4F _ 6!%# -. ! , % 3 4# - F 3 4 # -4 $ . ! ,1 7 (
0_ 2 % ! K+ 3 : !8 S$ ,. 1! 4
[
M b = (G o + G m )ψ + KFv2 ] rbx
i hi pi oηtl
P (5\Q

X+ !
Ψ _ 3# - % K 3
%+ (
R _ 3# - % % 7(
η1 _ 3# - % 3 - . ! ,1 (
ω\ _ ) 3 - " % -1 "2 2 : " 7 ^2 $ ^0 # 1! 4$ -
"# . (
n_ D 3 7 2 A 7 8 3 % (
$_) 3 - % (
.0 _ Z " 7 1 & %0 " (
. %1! 4 + "+= 4 ./
α
L = M l dα P (5'Q
0

6. +" _ 2 2 # " %1!

1 4(
α _ ". %1! 4(
D " : "./ + " 1! 4 " + " 1! 4 $ + " 1! 4 F 0 %$ 3
!# *
" 4 4 "
4 " + K "+= . (

(;(5( 67 " "+= .

(;(5('( 4 "
4 " -

" % -: "./ + " 1! 4 8 S . . - P + 3 3Q( Z %$ 3

!.
+ " 1! 4F " ".= 2F 0F 1 + K$ 1 "+ "4 ./ % 3 %+ 3 ,
2+3 F
1! 4 P ,GQ 1
J m (ωm − ωo ) + M m ⋅ t o − M l ⋅ t o = 0 P (55Q
O -$ "4 ,0=+ 3 ,
2 1! 4 $ 3 - . ! ,1 P ,ZQ " "
M l .t o − J b (ωo − ωb ) − M b .t o = 0 P (5 Q
6 4 ./ P (55Q $ P (5 Q " "+= + ".=ω % - !.
J ω (M − M b ) + J b ωb (M l − M m )
ωo = m m l P (59Q
J m (M l − M b ) + J b (M l − M m )
6. + " ω2F ω0F ω 1 " ".=$ 3 - "+ ./ 0 ! %/ (90
* 4 ./ . "+= + . %1! 4 \

39
 J m J b (ω m − ω b )
to = P (5;Q
J m (M l − M b ) + J b (M l − M m )
". α+ "+=
α f ω 0(
6. +"
ω0 _ ) 3 - " . . 0/
ωtb = m
(ω − ωb ) + 0
2
6 ! ".= \ $ ω 0 $ 0 K "α "
0,5J m J b (ωm − ωb )
2
α= P (5>Q
J m (M l − M b ) + J b (M l − M m )

. # .
+ " 1! 4 + 3 31
0,5M l J m J b (ωm − ωb )
2
L = Ml ⋅ α = P (5?Q
J m (M l − M b ) + J b (M l − M m )
. $ ". α 7 " ". # * " ".= % -0 %$/
. 1! 4 + " 1! 4+3 3# * %(

(;(5(5( 4 "
4 "

X4 4 "
4 ! "+ - + - %: "./ + " 1! 4

o + ' 6 & 2 2 2 # " % 1! 4 1 \+- ".=0 L 0( "+ " 0 M

+, %+ 3 S
(
o + 5 6 & 2 2 % 1! 4 1 +- ".= , # . % 1!
4(
X + 'F 1! 4 0= . F 0 %$ 3
! %+ 3 % + !$ "
' # * # . " 1! $ 4( . % + !+ 7
ω − ωb
L1 = M l . m .t 1
2
X + 5F %+ 3 $ " 5 8 + K & - . 0=+ 3 % 1! 4$ +K
M "# " % ! K+ 3 % (
".= . % + !1
1 2
L 2 = J b (ω m − ω b ) 2 + M b (ω m − ω b ) t 2
2 3
. 0 3 %1! 4 1
t 2 1
L = L1 + L 2 = M b (ωm − ωb ) 1 + t 2 + J b (ωm − ωb ) 2 P (5@Q
t2 3 2

6 ' $ 5 + 7 #

Mb
t1 =
k
A
t2 =
k

40
 6. +"
_ 3# -]1 3F+A. =
4+3& 2 2 %+N 1! 4 1 + " 1! 4(
f ;\ ÷ ';\ 2b# + -$ " 8 1= (
f ';\ ÷ ?;\ 2b# + -$ " %(

-
! ".= 1 "+ -$ " " # -. 1 "(
".= %G + "+= "
A = 2J b (ω m − ω b )
) 3 - " %. !% + " 1! 4 " K 1 + K$ 0 L $ 3 - " "
$ "2 2 + %+ 3 (
l " ". -
!. L . # * & F - ".= % 3 # -ω2 Y ω0 & ( O K
%
2 # -. P N1 %
2# 2 2 % " - 2 2 # " %1! 4QF - , % 2 "
.= % 3 # -ω2 Y ω0 ( 3 # - !1 " - %+ 3 S
F 1 "+ "ω0 f \( - & -
1 % A % %+ / . * &(R %+ 3 S
F+K %2
. -4 % %+ 3 %# -. ! , - 4F + "# * %2+ ".=2 2 % : !8 S $ ,.
1! 4(

(>( <GV Op Rq 6 V ZGXF 6q 6BGV GB BU )GU HIW

6 OBW EX
G

(>('( < "+= 7 " 0 % %1! 4

# %+ K "+= 7 " 0 % %1! 4 1 1! 4 4 % " % & . ! , + 2 2

M1 " 2 2 M + %+ 3 2 37(
2 2 # " %1! 4 4 %0 L 2 2 M1 " - , . ! ,: 1! 4
M l = β ⋅ M e max P (5[Q
X+ !
1 Y 2 2 # " %1! 4 P 2Q(
2 Y 2 M + %+ 3 P 2Q(
β Y 3# -8 . * %1! 4(
< 8 1= β f 'F ÷ 'F?;
< % ". 2 "β f 'F> ÷ 5F5;
< % ". 2 "β f 5 ÷ (

./ P (5[Q * " K$ -8 "8 #

M l = ⋅ M e max = ⋅ P ⋅ R tb ⋅ p P ( \Q
X+ !
µ Y 3# -2 # " %1! 4(
4 Y -1 + 0 ,2 A2 # "
4 = 2 + −'
2 Y -1 +N %+ 3 (
Y -1 +N 0=+ 3 (
Y "
41 "+N 2 # "(
g 0 Y Z " 7 2 # ". 0/ P0 " 7 %+ K
2 + A1 2 # " K 4Q(
41
 6 4 ./ P ( \Q "+= + 1 "
4 , -1 "+N + K. ! ,+ 2 2 2
⋅ 2
= 1
= P ( 'Q
µ⋅g 0 ⋅4 µ⋅g 0 ⋅4
Z " 7 g0 + "+= "#
2 R 2 −R
3 3
1
R tb = ⋅
3 R 2 2 − R 21

8g

D5 g
B
g'

g5

/ ((;; + , "+= g 0

".=g 0 + "+= #
6. / (; 1 2 3 - 2 2 # " % 1! 4( " ". 4 1! 4 "2 3+ 0 ,2 A
2 # "P4 f 'Q(
% - "1 "8 1 -2 2 # "$ "0 " 7 . 1 g'F 0 " 7 g5 0 %$ 3
!
"
4 # -# . . 0 ,2 A - 2 2 # "# *1
P P
q= =
S π R 2 − R 21
2
( )
Z ! *
! "2 3$ 4 , % L 2 " 2 B 2 3+ 0 L 0 " 7 g$ " ,
8 !8g( 2 8 "1 2 # " "8 . $ 4 , %+ "1
dM l = µ ⋅ q ⋅ 2πR ⋅ dR ⋅ R = 2µπqR 2 dR
2 "1 2 # " "8 . $ 2 # "1
R2 R2
Ml = dM l = 2µπqR dR = 2
R1 R1

= 2
2 Pµ R2 2 R 32 − R 13
R dR = µ ⋅ P ⋅ 2
2 ( ) P ( 5Q
R 2 − R 12 R1 3 R 2 − R 12 ( )
A "2 2 "1 2 # " "8 . $ 2 # " * 0 L 1 2 # " K 4
µ $ "g 0F "1
M l = µ ⋅ P ⋅ R tb P ( Q
6 "P ( 5Q $ P ( Q
# !. r
(
2 R 3 − R 13
R tb = ⋅ 22
) P ( 9Q
(
3 R 2 − R 12 )
6. . 4 ,+ 3 7 " /g 0 " K "+= " ,+ "
#
R1 + R 2
R tb = P ( ;Q
2

42
 O 7 D5 %$ 2 # "0= - -0 %+ 7 %0 " + + 3 (
" K + 7 % - 22 # " " 3
2#
M e max
D 2 = 2R 2 = 3,16 P ( >Q
C
6. +"
D5 _ O 7 % - 2 2 # "P 2Q(
2 _ 2 M + %+ 3 P 2Q(
_ 3# - 3
2
O -$ " 8 1= f 9F?
O -$ " %# %8 . + , 30/ f F>
O -$ " %+ K $ %# %8 . + , 3 A f 'F[
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6 "
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21 "
4 ,
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P P
q= = ≤ [q ] P ( ?Q
S R 22 − R 12 ( )
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4# - 4 "
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6. . 4 K8 -. "+ # -1 + 0 ,2 A2 # "4 / " K "+=
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6. +"
2 2 M _ + %+ 3 P 2Q(
0_ ,. 3 % -2 2 # " 0 f g5 _ g'
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.M e max
p= P ( @Q
2.π.q.µ.b.R 2tb

43
 (>(5( 67 "+ 3 2 %1! 4

3 . % 1! 4 + " 1! 4 # *1 2 " -2 2 # "0= 2 ( ) 0=

. # * - 3 . ( " K+ " "2 " + 3 2 :
. F 0 %$/ - 5 1! 4 " ".= . F 1! 4 "8 3 7 0 ,2 A " -
22
# " % # *0=2 , ( + K "2 " + 3 2 % 1! 4F " 4 %7
. . + $=8 3 7 0 ,2 A " - 2 2 # "( O " 7 1 . . \

L
Lo = ≤ [L o ] P ( [Q
S.p
6. +"
_ . . 25Q(
P^b
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( )
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4 _ -1 + 0 ,2 A2 # "(
` a_ . . 4 "
4 . 0 % (5(

Z % (5

` \a
BC % ". %+ -;\ ';\(\\\ ÷ 5;\(\\\ ^b25
BC % ". % . ;\ 9\\(\\\ ÷ >\\(\\\ ^b25
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(>( ( 67 " 3+ 3 %1! 4

S1 ,+ " 1! 4F . # . 0 - 3 & $ 1 2 " " - %

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R % S
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T= P (9\Q
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+= #
1
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2n
1
θ= O -$ "+N %+ 3 . (
n
_ . # . 0 3 + " 1! 4 P^Q

44
 _ 38 . % " -0= " F + -$ " "
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2 _ R -1 % -0= " P Q(
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+ $ : "'\\R(

(?( 6 EX OBW

(?('( - $ ! 1!"1 2 $ 3

(?('('( - P / (>Q

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!+ 3 ,
2 +N 0 2 ' $ +N -0 5( " + + A$ 2 3$ % " "
8 ,( ON Z M . . %+ 3 %1! 4 $ -$ " . + 3 F +N 6 M . . 0=+ 3 %
1! 4( *Z $ 6 P * *. %+ 3 $ 0=+ 3 % 1! 4Q "# - "
%
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0 0 ω0 ω

/ (> - 1! 4 %
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(?('(5( ! 1!"1 2 $ 3

< ": "./ 1 2 $ 3 %+ 3

R +3 1 2 $ 3F +N Z # *: !$ -1 % % +N 0 M+ , ! K+ 3 ( * " "
%Z -1 % ! K+ 3 . . ./ 8 " " 8 % 1 1! 2( ) 3 - % 8
-1 % ! K+ 3 * " " %Z 8 ,8 , & 1 8 & 1 2 8 -1 %
3 +3 * 8 ,8 , & 1 ( R ! K+ 3 " " %Z # " " %6F -
1 % 0 M$ " " % 6F 1 "
4 1 " " % 6( + " -1 % + K "
! K+ 3 F $ 3 - % 2 - $ ! K+ 3 $ 2 * " " %6(
$ +3 4 % -1 % . 2 2 : !0 M+N 6 4 %: ! , $ "+N Z( +"
-1 % 1 +N 6 . %$ ,+N Z $ ! ! K+ 3 % -1 % 1 1 A 41 -+ 3 $ S
1 2 $ 3(

45
 R & # -$ : ! %+ 3 F 1 1 2 % -1 % %+N Z & F 8 + "1 2 &
1 "
4 % -1 % 1 " " %6 $ 1 2 & 2 2 : ! %+N 6( R 2 2 : ! %6
0 L A1 " 2 2 % ! K+ 3 %+ : ! 8 S $ ,. % +N 6 / 0 M+ ,
! K+ 3 (
R %. 1 . %+N 6 "# !+ KF 1 3
4 "$ 3 - - %6 # * !+ K F8 +"
1 2 !+ K# , -1 % $ -: %1 2 2 % 6 # * !+ K 0 L $ " ".= %
2 2 % ! K + 3 ( Z %$ 3!F 1! 4 %
!+ 3 1 1 . ! ,+ 3 +3 + , ] 2 2
M(
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!+ 3 P< 2 1 %2 ″ - Q(

(?(5( 67 "1! 4 %
!+ 3
5
5
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s5
$'
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s'
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/ (? l N+ ! K+ 3

R ! K+ 3 * " " % Z $ 6F " 4 , % -1 % 2 +,

! K+ 3 ! K+ 3 + - * "4 , % -1 % $ " " %Z $ 6F $ "$ 3 -
+ -1 w (
! K+ 3 # : ! %Z $ 6 $ "$ 3 - 1 u(
Z %$ 3
!F 4 , % -1 % # * ! K+ 3 $ " $ 3 - ! 3+ -v
v= w+u P (9'Q
X / (?1 : !*+ ! K + 3 %4 , % -1 % * " " %Z( O K 2'1 + K
2
4 , % -1 % + $ " " %Z $ "$ 3 - ! 3+ -$ 1 F + K251 + K 2+. % " "
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46
 f ω0(.5 5 P (95Q
2 : ! %+N 0 2 0 0 L 3# - % "2 2 + 3 1 . ! % -
1 % + . $ + $ +N Z( 2 0 L
2 . 2 A4 t $ "$ " . 1! 4

0= 2(( 5 (.5 − ' (.' )= (( 5 (.5 − ' (.' ) P (9 Q

6 / P (?Q -
!
5 = $5 ( # α5
' = $' ( # α '

0= ((.5 ($ 5 ( # α 5 − .' ($' ( # α' ) P (99Q

X+ ! 2 _ R - 1 % -1 % %!: " " %Z . 2 3 !(

2 : ! % -0 * + 7 .
= (( ' (.' − 5 (.5 )= − (( 5 (.5 − ' (.' )= − 0 P (9;Q

- ]: 2+- ".= ! 3+ - /
Mt = Mb P (9>Q
R -1 % ! K+ 3 * " " % 1! 4 /2 34 , # -# *2 -2 "8 2
# ". 8 %
!F 2 # " * -1 % $ " " $ 8 $ +3 4 !K Z# 6$ 6
# Zu Z %$ 3
!
0 = + . P (9?Q
6. +"
0 _ # - %Z(
_ # - %6(
. _ # -2 -2 "8 2 # "(
3# - %1! 4
Nt M. Mt nt
= = t t
= . P (9@Q
N b M b. b Mb nb
X+ ! 0F − -$ : ! %+N Z $ +N 6(
)/ = 0
nt n − nt
= = 1− b = 1− S P (9[Q
nb nb
0 −
".= = 1 + 3. %+N 6 # $ "+N Z(
0

6. 1 -
!+ F # -$ : ! %+N 6 & 1 $ -8 ,+ -# -$ : ! 0 %

+N ZF 8 + " %
2( X# -$ : ! 1 " f 5 % ÷ %F 3 # - % 1! 4 + "
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R7 " %1! 4 %
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1! 4 $ " " # - %1! 4 P< 2 1 2 ″6 % !1 $ 2 " ! % !1 Q(

47
 (?( ( O +A7 %1! 4 %
!+ 3

O , =0 K 8 S# 4 3 %2 2 : ! F 3# -η $ + 3. ]# - P$ "
0

0f #Q 1 + +A7 %1! 4 %
!+ 3 (
O +A7 η 1 + t $ ". 2 3 "1 9;\ 8 3# -
0

η= (
0

R 3# -+ "η2 f [@ % / " %
2+3 3 + "+ "$ % ".=# - f'
0
/ηf \( D + " 3# - K0 L '(

M, S
η(%)
1
98
M η
0,75 75
S
0.5 50

0,25 25
nt
nb
450
0 0,25 0.5 0,75 1

/ (@ O + A7 %1! 4 $ " 0f #

%8N " 3 !1 8 & + - ".= , 0 L 0 /2 2 : ! % 1! 4 # *

%
2 , + - 2 " " ]+ %+ K M 2 # " %1! 4F 8 + "2 2 "7 %. 0=+ 3
%1! 4 # *0 L $ ηf \(
O + A 7 + 3. * 1 + t $ + !8 "
= '− η = '− P (;\Q
0

O +A7 2 2 : ! + !8 3
2(
0
6 +,= -
!
R %
2 P$ &Q / &(R f \ P "1 f 'Q /2 2 : ! . ! , 0 %1! 4
+ ".= + (
2 : ! . ! ,0 %
1! 4 f\ 1 2 2 : ! %+ 3 (

48