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Îles de Spratly
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Les îles de Spratly se composent de plus de 100 petits îles Îles de Spratly
ou récifs. Elles sont entourées par les fonds de pêche riches
et potentiellement par des gisements de gas et de pétrole.
Elles sont réclamées dans leur intégralité par la République
populaire de Chine, la République de la Chine (Taiwan), et
du Vietnam, alors que des parties sont réclamées par la
Malaisie et les Philippines. Environ 45 îles sont occupées
par relativement un nombre restreint de forces de militaires
de Chine, de Malaisie, les Philippines, Taiwan, et du
Vietnam. Brunei a établi une zone de pêche qui recouvre un
récif méridional mais n'a pas fait n'importe quelle
réclamation formelle.
Les îles sont situées dans le groupe asiatique du sud-est de

récifs et d'îles en mer de Chine du sud, environ deux-tiers
du chemin du Vietnam méridional vers les Philippines
méridionales.
Nom chinois
n Atlas de Wikimedia des îles de Spratly, jugeant Chinois traditionnel : 南沙群岛
des cartes liées aux îles de Spratly. Chinois simplifié : 南沙群 . 島
Transcriptions [show]
Table des matières Nom philippin
Tagalog : NG Kalayaan de
n 1 géographie et développement économique Kapuluan
n Histoire 2 des débuts
n Conflit 3 politique Nom malais
n 4 réclamations de la Chine sur les îles de Spratly Malais : Kepulauan Spratly
n 5 réclamations philippines sur les îles de Spratly Nom vietnamien
n 6 réclamations du Vietnam sur les îles de Spratly Quoc Ngu : Trường SA de Quần
n Liste 7 tabulaire des dispositifs montrant des Đảo
possessions de pays Han Tu : 群島長沙
n 20ème chronologie du siècle 8
n 9 voir également
n 10 liens externes
n 11 références
[éditer] géographie et développement économique

n Coordonnées : 8°38 ′ N, 111°55 ′ ECoordinates (http://66.249.91.104/translate_c?hl=fr&ie=UTF-
http://66.249.91.104/translate_c?hl=fr&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&langpair=en%7Cfr&u=ht... 21/08/2007
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
8&oe=UTF-8&langpair=en%7Cfr&u=http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php%
3Fparams%3D8_38_N_111_55_E_&prev=/language_tools) (île de Spratly)
n Secteur (terre) : moins de 5 kilomètres de ²
n note : inclut 148 environ îlots, récifs de corail, et monts sousmarins dispersés au-dessus
d'une aire de presque 410.000 kilomètres de ² de la mer de Chine du sud centrale
n Littoral : 926 kilomètres
n Divisions politiques :
n La République populaire de Chine : Une partie de province de Hainan ;
n Philippines : Une partie de province de Palawan ;
n Le Vietnam : Une partie de province de Khanh Hoa ;
n La Malaisie : Une partie de l'état de Sabah ;
n République de la Chine (Taiwan) : Une partie de municipalité de Kaohsiung
n Climat : tropical
n Terrain : plat
n Extrémités d'altitude :
n le plus bas point : Mer de Chine du sud (0 m)
n le point le plus élevé : endroit anonyme sur le banc de sable de sud-ouest (4 m)
n Risques normaux : ouragans ; risque maritime sérieux en raison de nombreux récifs et bancs
Les îles ne contiennent aucune terre arable et n'ont aucun habitant indigène, bien que vingt des îles, y
compris Itu aba, le plus grand, sont considérées capables soutenir la vie humaine.
Les ressources naturelles incluent des poissons, guano, pétrole indéterminé et potentiel de gaz naturel.
L'activité économique est limitée à la pêche professionnelle. La proximité à l'huile voisine et à gaz-
produire les bassins sédimentaires suggère le potentiel pour des gisements d'hydrocarbures, mais la
région est en grande partie encore inconnue, et il n'y a aucune évaluation fiable des réservations
potentielles. L'exploitation commerciale a pour être développée encore. Les îles de Spratly n'ont aucun
port ou port mais ont quatre aéroports. Ces îles sont stratégiquement plac près de plusieurs ruelles
primaires d'expédition.
histoire des débuts

La première interaction humaine enregistrée
possible avec les îles de Spratly remonte jusque
3BC. Ceci est basé sur la découverte qui les personnes de Nanyue (la Chine méridionale et Vietnam
nordique) et les vieux pêcheurs de royaume de Champa (moderne-jour Vietnam central) avaient visité
les îles de Spratly et d'autres îles de mer de Chine du sud pour pêcher annuellement. Les îles ont été
sporadiquement visitées tout au long des dix-neuvième et tôt vingtième siècles par des marins de
différentes puissances européennes (Richard y compris Spratly ou William Spratly, après qui le groupe
d'île dérive son nom anglais plus reconnaissable). Cependant, ces nations ont montré peu d'intérêt pour
les îles. En 1883, les bateaux allemands ont examiné les îles de Spratly et de Paracel mais ont retiré
l'aperçu par la suite après réception des protestations de la dynastie de Nguyen.
Les cartes chinoises antiques enregistrent le Qianli Tchang-cha (千里長 ) et 沙

'Wanli Shitang (萬里石 ), 塘
que les réclamations de la Chine aujourd'hui se rapportent à ces îles. Ces îles ont été marquées en tant
que territoire chinois dans les cartes faites en 1724, 1755, 1767, 1810, 1817 par la dynastie de Qing de la
Chine. Cartes vietnamiennes antiques Bãi record Cát Vàng (bancs de sable d'or, comme réclamé
aujourd'hui par le Vietnam se rapportant à des îles de Paracel et de Spratly) qui se trouvent près de la
côte du Vietnam central dès le 17ème siècle. Dans Phủ Biên Tạp Lục (chroniques de frontière) par le
disciple Le Quy Don, Hoàng SA et Trường SA ont

été définis comme appartenant à la zone de Quảng
Ngãi. Il l'a décrite comme où les produits de mer et
les cargaisons faites naufrage étaient disponibles
pour être rassemblés. Le texte vietnamien écrit au
17ème siècle a mis en référence des activités
économiques commanditées par le gouvernement
pendant Le Dynasty, 200 ans plus tôt. Le
gouvernement vietnamien a conduit plusieurs
aperçus géographiques des îles au 18ème siècle.
Dans les années 30, la France a réclamé les îles de

Spratly et de Paracel au nom de sa alors-colonie
Vietnam. Elle a occupé un certain nombre d'îles de
Spratly, y compris Itu aba, les stations
météorologiques établies sur deux, et les a
administrés en tant qu'élément de l'Indochine
français. Ce métier a été protesté par la République
du gouvernement de la Chine parce que la France a
admis trouver les pêcheurs chinois là quand les
bateaux de guerre français ont visité neuf îles. En Carte géographique de Spratlys. Clic pour une
1935, le gouvernement chinois a également annoncé image plus détaillée.
la réclamation de la souveraineté sur les îles de
Spartly. Le Japon a occupé certaines des îles dans 1939 pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale, et a
employé les îles comme base submersible pour le métier de Sud-est asiatique. Pendant le métier, ces îles
se sont appelées Shinnan Shoto (新南諸島
), littéralement les nouvelles îles méridionales, et ont été mises
sous le gouvernement de Taiwan ainsi que les îles de Paracel (西沙群 ). 岛
Après la défaite du Japon à la fin de la deuxième guerre mondiale, la République du gouvernement de la

Chine (nationaliste) a repris toutes les îles de Spratly (Itu y compris aba) et a accepté la reddition
japonaise sur les îles basées sur la déclaration du Caire et la déclaration de Potsdam. Le Japon a renoncé
à toutes les réclamations aux îles dans le Traité 1951 de paix de San Francisco. Dans le traité avec la
République de la Chine, le Japon a encore renoncé à toutes les réclamations aux îles ainsi que le
Paracels, Pratas et d'autres îles capturés de Chine. Le nationaliste s'est retiré de la plupart des îles de
Spratly et de Paracel après qu'ils aient été défaits par les forces du parti communiste de opposition de la
Chine en 1949. Aujourd'hui l'île d'Itu aba est encore administée par la République du gouvernement de
la Chine dans Taiwan. En 1951, la République populaire de Chine (communiste) a déclaré en réponse au
Traité de San Francisco que les îles de Spratly ont appartenu en Chine.
Quand le Vietnam gauche français, les unités navales du gouvernement vietnamien a succédé dans
Truong SA.
conflit politique
Il y a des raisons multiples pour
lesquelles les nations voisines
seraient intéressées par les îles de Spartly. Dans 1968 de l'huile a été découverte dans la région. La
géologie et le ministère de ressources minérales de la Chine (République populaire de Chine) a estimé
que la région de Spratly tient des

réservations de pétrole et de gaz
naturel de 17.7 milliards de tonnes
(× 1.60 1010 kilogrammes), par
rapport à 13 milliards de tonnes (×
1.17 1010 kilogrammes) tenues par
le Kowéit, la plaçant comme
quatrième plus grand lit de
réservation dans le monde.
Naturellement, ces grandes
réservations aidées à intensifier la
situation et propulsées les
réclamations territoriales des pays
voisins. Le 11 mars 1976, la
première découverte philippine
principale d'huile s'est produite outre
de la côte de Palawan, dans le L'endroit des îles de Spratly relativement aux réclamants.
territoire d'îles de Spratly, et ces
gisements de pétrole expliquent maintenant quinze pour cent de tout le pétrole consommé aux
Philippines. En 1992, la RPC et le Vietnam ont accordé des contrats d'exploration d'huile aux
compagnies pétrolières des États-Unis qui ont couvert des domaines de recouvrement dans le Spratlys.
En mai 1992, la Chine National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) et l'énergie de Crestone (un société
américain Basé à Denver, Colorado) ont signé un contrat de coopération pour l'exploration commune du
bloc de Wan'an Bei-21, une section de ² de 25.155 kilomètres de la mer de Chine du sud du sud-ouest
qui inclut des régions d'île de Spratly. Une partie des blocs 133 et 134 du Vietnam couvert par contrat du
Crestone, où exploration de PetroVietnam et de ConocoPhillips Vietnam et production, une unité de
ConocoPhillips, acceptée pour évaluer des perspectives en avril 1992. Ceci a mené à une confrontation
entre la Chine et le Vietnam, avec chacun exigeant que l'autre annulation son contrat.
Un motif additionnel est le rôle de la région en tant qu'un des secteurs les plus productifs du monde pour
la pêche professionnelle. En 1988, par exemple, la mer de Chine du sud a expliqué huit pour cent de tout
le crochet du monde, une figure qui a certainement monté. La RPC a prévu que les ressources de pêche
combinées par prises et de pétrole et de gaz de mer de Chine du sud en valeur un trillion de dollars. Il y a
déjà eu de nombreux désaccords entre les Philippines et d'autres nations - en particulier RPC - les
bateaux de pêche étrangers d'excédent dans son EEZ (zone exclusive) et les médias rapportent
régulièrement l'arrestation des pêcheurs chinois. En 1984, Brunei a établi une zone de pêche exclusive
entourant le récif de Louisa dans les îles méridionales de Spratly, mais n'a pas publiquement réclamé
l'île.
La région est également l'une des ruelles d'expédition les plus occupées dans le monde. Pendant les
années 80, au moins deux cents et soixante-dix bateaux ont traversé la région d'îles de Spratly chaque
jour, et actuellement plus que la moitié du trafic du pétrolier géant du monde, par tonnage, traverse les
eaux de la région chaque année. Le trafic de camion-citerne par la mer de Chine du sud est plus de trois
fois plus grandes que par le canal de Suez et cinq fois plus que par le canal de Panama ; vingt-cinq pour
cent de pétrole brut du monde traversent la mer de Chine du sud.
Il y a eu des désaccords navals occasionnels au-dessus des îles de Spratly. En 1988, la Chine et le
Vietnam se sont opposés en mer au-dessus de possession de récif de Johnson dans le Spratlys. Les
canonnier chinois sont descendus des bateaux de transport de Vietnamien soutenant un partie
d'atterrissage des soldats vietnamiens.
En réponse aux soucis croissants par les états côtiers concernant des empiétements par les navires
étrangers sur leurs ressources naturelles, les Nations Unies ont assemblé la convention des Nations
Unies sur le droit de la mer (UNCLOS) en 1982 pour déterminer la question des frontières
internationales de mer. En réponse à ces soucis, on l'a résolu qu'un état côtier pourrait réclamer deux
cents milles marins de juridiction au delà de ses frontières de terre. Cependant UNCLOS n'a pas abordé
la question de la façon juger sur des réclamations de recouvrement et ainsi le futur des îles demeure
opacifié.
Après un conflit 1995 entre la Chine et les Philippines un accord ASEAN-sponsorisé a été conclu des
pays membres entre de la RPC et de l'ASEAN par lequel une nation informe les autres de n'importe quel
mouvement militaire dans le territoire contesté et ce là ne soit aucune autre construction. L'accord a été
promptement violé par la Chine et la Malaisie. En réclamant donner l'assaut à les dommages, sept
navires navals chinois est entré dans le secteur pour réparer la « pêche abrite » en récif de Panganiban.
La Malaisie a érigé une structure sur le banc d'investigateur et a débarqué au récif de Rizal, les deux
endroits situés dans les Philippines EEZ. Dans la réponse les Philippines ont logé des protestations
formelles, ont exigé le déplacement des structures, des patrouilles navales accrues dans Kalayaan et des
invitations publiées aux politiciens américains d'inspecter les bases de la RPC en l'avion.
Au 21ème siècle tôt, la situation s'améliore. La Chine a récemment tenu des entretiens avec
l'ASEANpays visés réalisant une proposition pour un secteur de libre échange entre les dix pays
impliqués. La Chine et l'ASEAN également ont été engagées dans les entretiens créer un code de
conduite visé soulageant des tensions dans les îles contestées. Le 5 mars 2002, un accord a été conclu,
déterminant le désir des nations de réclamant de résoudre le problème de la souveraineté « sans
davantage d'utilisation de la force » . En novembre 2002, une déclaration sur la conduite des parties en
mer de Chine du sud a été signée, soulageant tend mais faisant défaut à un code de conduite légalement
obligatoire.
réclamations de la Chine sur les îles de Spratly

La Chine base sa réclamation aux îles pour les raisons historiques. Ils déclarent que les îles de Spratly
ont été une région intégrale de la Chine pour presque deux mille années et points aux manuscrits
antiques prétendant se rapporter aux îles de Spratly et aux restes de la poterie chinoise et des pièces de
monnaie sur les îles comme preuve. Des pêcheurs chinois ont été également trouvés sur ces îles par le
Français quand elle a fait ses réclamations dans les années 30. En utilisant cet argument, la RPC déclare
que les Philippines ont pris 410.000 kilomètres carrés de sa frontière maritime traditionnelle, ayant tiré
profit de l'état pauvre de la RPC pendant son exil des affaires internationales.
Beaucoup d'actes et cartes d'officiel remontant à la dynastie de Han, à la dynastie de yuan, à la dynastie
de Qing et à la République de la Chine ont inclus les îles de Spratly dans le territoire chinois. (Voir la
version chinoise de (http://66.249.91.104/translate_c?hl=fr&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&langpair=en%
7Cfr&u=http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258D%2597%25E6%25B2%2599%25E7%25BE%
25A4%25E5%25B2%259B&prev=/language_tools) cette page pour des détails et des dates de
document). Cependant, ces mêmes cartes réclament également l'archipel philippin nordique, Palawan,
Vietnam, Corée, Malaisie entre d'autres. En outre, la Chine a réclamé ces secteurs de plus comme
protectorats plutôt que comme région vraie de la Chine depuis qu'ils avaient toujours leurs propres
royaumes et gouvernements.
De la réalité, la réclamation légale contemporaine a provenu (1) de l'administration de fait de ces îles par
la Chine en tant qu'élément de l'arrangement de la deuxième guerre mondiale de poteau basé sur de
divers traités des puissances alliées; and (2) the succession of Republic of China by the People's
Republic of China in 1949.
Philippine claims on the Spratly Islands

While the Philippine claim to the Spratly Islands was first expressed in the United Nations General
Assembly in 1946, Philippine involvement in the Spratlys did not begin in earnest until 1956, when on
15 May Philippine citizen and admiral Tomas Cloma proclaimed the founding of a new state, Kalayaan
(Freedom Land). Cloma’s Kalayaan encompassed fifty three features spread throughout the eastern
South China Sea, including Spratly Island proper, Itu Aba, Pag-asa and Nam Yit Islands, as well as West
York Island, North Danger Reef, Mariveles Reef and Investigator Shoal. Cloma then established a
protectorate in July 1956 with Pag-asa as its capital and Cloma as “Chairman of the Supreme Council of
the Kalayaan State”. This action, although not officially endorsed by the Philippine government, was
considered by other claimant nations as an act of aggression by the Philippines and international reaction
was swift. Taiwan, the PRC, South Vietnam, France, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands lodged
official protests (the Netherlands on the premise that it considered the Spratly Islands part of Dutch New
Guinea) and Taiwan sent a naval task force to occupy the islands and establish a base on Itu Aba, which
it retains to the present day.
Tomas Cloma and the Philippines continued to state their claims over the islands; in October 1956
Cloma traveled to New York to plead his case before the United Nations and the Philippines had troops
posted on three islands by 1968 on the premise of protecting Kalayaan citizens. In early 1971 the
Philippines sent a diplomatic note on behalf of Cloma to Taipei demanding the ROC's withdrawal from
Itu Aba and on 10 July in the same year Ferdinand Marcos announced the annexation of the 53 island
group known as Kalayaan, although since neither Cloma or Marcos specified which fifty three features
constituted Kalayaan, the Philippines began to claim as many features as possible. In April of 1972
Kalayaan was officially incorporated into Palawan province and was administered as a single
“poblacion” (township), with Tomas Cloma as the town council Chairman and by 1992, there were
twelve registered voters on Kalayaan. The Philippines also reportedly attempted to land troops on Itu
Aba in 1977 to occupy the island but were repelled by ROC troops stationed on the island. There were
no reports of casualties from the conflict. In 2005, a cellular phone base station was erected by the
Philippines' Smart Communications on Pag-asa Island.
The Philippines base their claims of sovereignty over the Spratlys on the issues of res nullius and
geography. The Philippines contend Kalayaan was res nullius as there was no effective sovereignty over
the islands until the 1930s when France and then Japan acquired the islands. When Japan renounced
their sovereignty over the islands in the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951, there was a relinquishment
of the right to the islands without any special beneficiary. Therefore, argue the Philippines, the islands
became res nullius and available for annexation. Philippine businessman Tomas Cloma did exactly that
in 1956 and while the Philippines never officially supported Cloma’s claim, upon transference of the
islands’ sovereignty from Cloma to the Philippines, the Philippines used the same sovereignty argument
as Cloma did. The Philippine claim to Kalayaan on geographical bases can be summarized using the
assertion that Kalayaan is distinct from other island groups in the South China Sea because:
It is a generally accepted practice in oceanography to refer to a chain of islands through the name of
the biggest island in the group or through the use of a collective name. Note that Spratly (island) has an
area of only 13 hectares compared to the 22 hectare area of the Pag-asa Island. Distance-wise, Spratly
Island is some 210nm off Pag-asa Islands. This further stresses the argument that they are not part of
the same island chain. The Paracels being much further (34.5nm northwest of Pag-asa Island) is
definitely a different group of islands
A second argument used by the Philippines regarding their geographical claim over the Spratlys is that
all the islands claimed by the Philippines lie within their archipelagic baselines, the only claimant who
can make such a statement. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
stated that a coastal state could claim two hundred nautical miles of jurisdiction beyond its land
boundaries. It is perhaps telling that while the Philippines is a signatory to UNCLOS, the PRC and
Vietnam are not. The Philippines also argue, under Law of the Sea provisions, that the PRC can not
extend its baseline claims to the Spratlys because the PRC is not an archipelagic state. Whether this
argument (or any other used by the Philippines) would hold up in court is debatable but possibly moot,
as the PRC and Vietnam seem unwilling to legally substantiate their claims and have rejected Philippine
challenges to take the dispute to the World Maritime Tribunal in Hamburg.
Vietnam claims on the Spratly Islands

Vietnam also claims the island on historical grounds. Ancient Vietnamese geographical maps record Bải
Cát Vàng (Golden Sandbanks, referring to Spratly Islands) as Vietnamese territory as early as the 17th
century. In Phủ Biên Tập Lục by the scholar Lê Quý Đôn, Hoàng Sa, and Trường Sa were defined as
belonging to Quảng Ngải District. In Đại Nam Thống Nhất Toàn Đồ, an atlas of Vietnam completed in
1838, Trường Sa was shown to be Vietnam's territory. Vietnam had conducted many geographical and
resource surveys of the islands. The results of these surveys have been recorded in Vietnamese literature
and history published since the 17th century. After the treaty signed with the Nguyen Dynasty, France
represented Vietnam in international affairs and had exercised sovereignty over the islands.
On 7 July 1951, Tran Van Huu, head of the Bao Dai Government's delegation to the San Francisco
Conference on the peace treaty with Japan declared that the archipelago's of Hoang Sa and Truong Sa
had been part of Vietnamese territory. This declaration met with no challenge from the 51
representatives at the conference. After the French left, the Vietnam government had exercised
sovereignty over the islands.
Vietnam currently occupies 31 islands. They are organized as a district of Khanh Hoa Province.
Tabular listing of features showing country possessions

Occupied Features
Philippines
Area
Int'l Name Local Names Description
(ha.)
Patag (P)
Flat Island 费信 Feixin
岛 A low, flat, sandy cay, 240 by 90 m, subject to erosion. Has a 0.57
Dao (C) nearby reef which is above water at high tide. With large
Đảo Bình guano deposits. No vegetation. Several soldiers stationed.

Nguyên (V)
Panata (P)
杨信沙洲
Yangxin Sand, surrounded by three reefs which are above water at
Lankiam Cay 0.44
Shazhou (C) high tide. Several soldiers stationed.
Cồn San Hô
Lan Can (V)
Kota (P)
南钥 Nanyue
岛
Covered with mangrove bushes, above which rose coconut
Loaita Island Dao (C) 6.45
palms and other small trees. Several soldiers stationed.
Đảo Loại Ta
(V)
Lawak (P)
马欢 Mahuan
岛 Covered with coconut trees, bushes and grass. 580 m long, on
Nanshan
Dao (C) the edge of a submerged reef. Several soldiers stationed. Has 7.93
Island
Đảo Vĩnh a small airstrip.
Viễn (V)
Parola (P) The fifth largest Spratly island. Covered with grass and thick
北子 Beizi
岛 trees. Much of the ringing reef is above water at high tide.
Northeast Cay Dao (C) Supported a beacon in 1984. Has Guano deposits. Several 12.7
Đảo Song Tử soldiers stationed. Has an airstrip. Shira Islet lies 320 m from
Đông (V) the south of Northeast Cay. Part of North Danger Reef.
The second largest Spratly island. Serves as the poblacion for
Pag-asa (P)
the Municipality of Kalayaan, Palawan, Phils. It is covered
with trees and has a variety of fauna. It is home to some 300+
civilians (including children) and over forty soldiers. Other
中业岛 islands are expected to be populated before 2010. Population
Zhongye Dao is regulated to protect the islands' flora and fauna and to avoid
Thitu Island (C) 37.2
tension with other countries. It has 1.4 km airstrip, a marina,
water filtering plant, power generator and a commercial
communications tower (by Smart Communications). There
Đảo Thị Tứ are two commercial flights available weekly. The Philippines'
(V) Department of Tourism is making improvements to the island
to make it profitable.
Likas (P)
西月 Xiyue
岛 The third largest Spratly island. Covered with bushes,
West York
Dao (C) mangroves and coconut palms. Has an observation post. 18.6
Island
Đảo Bến Lạc, Several soldiers stationed.
Đảo Dừa (V)
Rizal (P)
司令 Siling
礁
Jiao (C)
Đá Công Đo
A sand "cay", 0.5 m high, surrounded by two lagoons. Parts
Commodore (V)
of reef above water at high tide. Some structures. Several 0
Reef Terumbu soldiers stationed.
Laksamana
(M)
Balagtas (P)
火艾 Huo'ai
礁
Naturally above water only at low tide. A very small cay lies
Irving Reef Jiao (C) 0
at northern end. Some structures. Several soldiers stationed.
Đảo Cá Nhám
(V)
Technically part of Northeast Cay. It lies 320 meters from
that island. Occupation is almost always credited to the
Shira Islet ??
Philippines because of its very close proximity to a
Philippine-occupied island. See Northeast Cay
Total 7 islands, 2 reefs, 1 islet 83.89
Republic of China (Taiwan)
Area
(ha.)
Ligaw (P) The largest Spratly island. Covered w/shrubs, coconut and
mangroves. 600 soldiers stationed, lighthouse, radio and
太平 Taiping
岛 weather stations, concrete landing jetty and two wells at SW
Itu Aba Island Dao (C) end. Guano deposits, fringing reef. Hainan fishermen used to 46
visit annually. In 8/93, plans were announced for a 2 km-long
Đảo Ba Bình airstrip and fishing port. Pineapple was once cultivated here.
(V) Part of Tizard Banks.
Ban Than Jiao
(C) Small drying reef halfway between Taiwan-occupied Itu Aba
Ban Than Jiao and Vietnam-occupied Sand Cay. Has a structure and is 0
Bãi Bàn Than garrisoned by some soldiers. Part of Tizard Banks.
(V)
Total 1 island, 1 reef 46
Vietnam
Area
(ha.)
Kalantiyaw
(P)
安波沙洲
Anbo
Two parts: East part consists of sand and coral, west part is
Shazhou (C)
covered with guano. Has fringing reef. An obelisk, about 2.7
Amboyna Cay Đảo An Bang 1.6
m high, stands on the SW corner. Little vegetation.
(V) Lighthouse operational since May 1995. Heavily fortified.
Pulau
Amboyna
Kecil (M)
Binago (P)
Covered with small trees, bushes and grass. Has a fringing
鸿庥岛
reef and is inhabited by sea birds. The island is inhabited by
Hongxiu Dao
Namyit Island an unknown number of Vietnamese soldiers and in the deep 5.3
(C)
waters fronting the south side it is said that a submarine base
Đảo Nam Yết is situated. Part of Tizard Banks.
(V)
Bailan (P)
敦谦沙洲
Dunqian Covered with trees and bushes. Fringing reef partly above
Sand Cay 7
Shazhou (C) water at low tide. Part of Tizard Banks.
Đảo /Đá Sơn
Ca (V)
Rurok (P)
景宏岛
Sin Cowe Jinghong Dao Has fringing reef which is above water at low tide. Part of
??
Island (C) Union Banks.
Đảo Sinh Tồn
(V)
Description is probably the same with Sin Cowe Island since
Sin Cowe East Đảo Sinh Tồn
different sources refer to these two cays collectively. Part of ??
Island Đông (V)
Union Banks.
Only 1.75 miles from Northeast Cay. Previously a breeding
Pugad (P) place for birds and covered with trees and guano. Export of
guano was once carried out "on a considerable scale."
Fringing reef partly above water at high tide. Vietnam erected
its first lighthouse in the Spratlys here in October 1993 and
南子岛 Nanzi built an airstrip. Has a three-story building, garrisoned by
Southwest Dao (C) soldiers. Philippine military controlled the island before mid
??
Cay 1970's. Vietnamese forces invaded the island when Filipino
soldiers guarding the island attended the birthday party of
their commanding officer based in the nearby Northeast Cay.
Đảo Song Tử This was confirmed by interviews with soldiers involved in
Tây (V) an episode of the defunct ABS-CBN's Magandang Gabi
Bayan (Good Evening Nation) program. Part of North
Danger Reef.
Lagos (P) The fourth largest Spratly island. 2.5 m high, flat. Covered
南威岛 Nanwei with bushes, grass, birds and guano. 5.5 m-high obelisk at
Spratly Island
Dao (C) southern tip. Has landing strip, and a fishing port. Fringing 13
(proper)
Đảo Trường reef is above water at low tide. Some structures with soldiers
Sa (V) stationed.
六门 Liumen
礁
Alison Reef Jiao (C) Naturally above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon. 0
Bãi Tốc Tan

(V)
Mascado (P)
柏礁 Bai Jiao
(C) Coral. Highest rocks are 4.5 m high, at SW end. Much of reef
Barque
Bãi Thuyền is above water at high tide. Some sandy patches. 18 miles 0
Canada Reef
Chài (V) long. Its military structures were recently upgraded.
Terumbu
Perahu (M)
Bombay
See Rifleman Bank 0
Castle
中礁 Zhong
Jiao (C) SW part is a sandbank which barely submerges at high tide.
Central
The rest is coral reef, awash, surrounding a lagoon. Part of 0
London Reef Đảo Trường London Reefs.
Sa Đông (V)
Collins Reef/ 鬼喊 Guihan
礁 Connected to Johnson South Reef. A "coral dune" is located
Johnson North Jiao (C) at the southeast corner, above the high tide line. Part of 0
Reef Đá Cô Lin (V) Union Banks.
南华礁 Nanhua
Cornwallis Jiao (C) Naturally above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon. 0
South Reef
Đá Núi Le (V)
Paredes (P)
Great
大现 Daxian
礁 Several rocks are above water at high tide. Most of reef is
Discovery 0
Dao (C) above water at low tide. Has lagoon.
Reef
Đá Lớn (V)
Silangan (P)
East London 东礁 Dong Jiao Rocks up to 1 m high. Encloses a lagoon. Part of London
0
Reef (C) Reefs.
Đá Đông (V)
李准 Lizhun
滩
Grainger Tan (C)
Shallowest natural depth is either 9 m or 11 m. 0
Bank Bãi Quế
Đường (V)
屈原 Quyuan
礁
Jiao (C)
Higgens Reef Only above water at low tide. Part of Union Banks. 0
Đá Hi Ghen,
Đá Hi Gen (V)
Johnson North
See Collins Reef 0
Reef
日积 Riji
礁 Jiao
(C)
Ladd Reef Naturally above water at low tide. Has coral lagoon. 0
Đá Lát (V)
琼礁 Qiong
Lan(d)sdowne Jiao (C)
Sand dune, with fringing reef. Part of Union Banks. 0
Reef Đá Len Đao
(V)
Hizon (P)
毕生 Bisheng
礁 Two sand "cays", 2 m and 1 m high, lie on the edges of a
Pearson Reef Jiao (C) lagoon. Parts of the surrounding reef are above water at high 0
Đảo Phan tide.
Vinh (V)
舶兰 Bolan
礁
Jiao (C) Naturally above water only at low tide, some small rocks
Petley Reef 0
Đá Núi Thị might stand above high water. Part of Tizard Banks.
(V)
无乜 Wumie
礁
Pigeon Reef/ Jiao (C) Numerous rocks are naturally above the high tide line.
0
Tennent Reef Đá Tiên Nữ Encloses a lagoon.
(V)
西卫 Xiwei
滩
Prince Tan (C)
Shallowest natural depth is 9 m. 0
Consort Bank Bãi Phúc
Nguyên (V)
Rifleman Bank 南薇滩 Nanwei
(containing Tan (C) Shallowest natural depth is 3 m, called Bombay Castle. Sand
0
Bombay Bãi Vũng Mây and coral.
Castle) (V)
奈罗 Nailuo
礁 A tiny cay appears atop this reef on the most detailed map
Jiao (C) available. On the southwest end of North Danger Reef.
South Reef 0
Fringing reef is above water at low tide. Part of North
Đá Nam (V) Danger Reef.
Tennent Reef See Pigeon Reef 0
万安 Wan'an
滩
Tan (C) Shallowest natural depth is 16 m. Vietnam has run two
Vanguard
"economic technological service stations" in this area since 0
Bank Bãi Tư Chính July 1994.
(V)
西礁 Xi Jiao East part is sand "cay", 0.6 m high. West part is coral reef
West London (C) which is above water only at low tide. Between them is a
0
Reef lagoon. Vietnam erected a lighthouse here in May or June
Đá Tây (V) 1994. Part of London Reefs.
Total 7 islands, 16 reefs, 3 banks <40
Malaysia
Area
(ha.)
安渡 Andu
滩
Tan (C)
Naturally above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon.
Bãi Kiêu
Ardesier Reef Has a few sandy patches. Malaysia presently has 20 soldiers 0
Ngựa (V)
stationed here.
Terumbu Ubi
(M)
光星礁
Guangxing Naturally above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon.
Dallas Reef Jiao (C) Several soldiers stationed. Malaysia is also using this reef for 0
Terumbu Laya tourism.
(M)
Boji Jiao (C)
Above water only at low tide. Some isolated rocks on the
Erica Reef Terumbu 0
eastern edge stand above high water.
Siput (M)
Yuya Jiao (C)
Bãi Thám
Investigator Above water only at low tide. Some large rocks at the western
Hiểm (V) 0
Shoal end are visible at high water. Encloses a lagoon.
Terumbu
Peninjau (M)
南通礁
Nantong Jiao
(C)
Louisa Reef Terumbu Rocks 1 m high. Malaysia operates a lighthouse here. 0
Semarang/
Barat Kecil
(M)
Mariveles (P)
南海礁 Nanhai
Jiao (C)
A sand cay, 1.5-2 m high, surrounded by two lagoons, parts
Mariveles Bãi /Đá Kỳ of which are above water at high tide. Several soldiers 0
Reef Vân (V) stationed.
Terumbu
Mantanani
(M)
弹礁丸 Danwan
Jiao (C) Treeless cay and rocks up to 3 m high surround a lagoon.
Malaysia has drawn territorial seas around this and Amboyna
Swallow Reef Đá Hoa Lau 6.2
Cay. Some 70 plus soldiers stationed here maintain a beacon.
(V)
Has a fishing port and a 15-room diving resort, including a
Terumbu 1.5 km airstrip. Soil and trees have been planted on what was
Layang "four miles of treeless beaches and coral reefs."

Layang (M)
Total 1 manmade island, 5 reefs, 1 shoal 6.2
China
Area
(ha.)
华阳礁
Huayang Jiao
Cuarteron (C) Coral rocks only. Highest are 1.5 m high, on the north. Part
0
Reef of London Reefs.
Bãi /Đá Châu
Viên (V)
Kagilingan (P) Rocks up to 1 m high. All below at high tide, but has guano
Fiery Cross
永暑礁 deposits. PRC built a navy harbor by blasting, piling up and
Reef/
Yongshu Jiao cementing coral, but says no soldiers stationed here. 8,080
Northwest 0
(C) square meters, 14 miles long, with airstrip. "Marine
Investigator
Reef Đá Chữ Thập observation station" built in 1988; coconut, fir, and banyan
(V) trees planted. Actually 3 reefs.
南薰礁 Nanxun
Jiao (Northern A sand dune, 2 m high. Has fringing reef plus a reef 2 miles
reef)/ Xinan or to the south, both covered at high tide. Now all cement and a
Gaven Reefs Duolu Jiao (S. raised metal frame, with two-story buildings placed on top. 0
reef) (C) Southern reef was occuped by PRC on 7/4/92. Part of Tizard
Đá Ga Ven Banks.
(V)
Mabini (P)
赤瓜 Chigua
礁 Contiguous with Collins Reef. Naturally above water only at
Johnson South
Jiao (C) low tide, but [9] says many rocks above water at high tide. 0
Reef
Đá Gạc Ma Site of 1988 PRC/Vietnam clash. Part of Union Banks.
(V)
西门 Ximen
礁
Jiao (C) Naturally above water at least at low tide. Part of Union
Kennan Reef 0
Đá Ken Nan Banks.
(V)
Panganiban Some rocks above water at low tide. Has a lagoon. In Feb.
(P) 1995, PRC had built a wooden complex on stilts here. In
美济 Meiji
礁 1999, Philippines protested over this structures claiming that
Mischief Reef 0
Jiao (C) it is a military outpost and it poses danger to Philippine
Đá Vành security and national defense, being 130 miles from Palawan.
Khăn (V) PRC claims it is a shelter for fishermen.
Northwest
Investigator See Fiery Cross Reef 0
Reef
渚碧 Zhubi
礁 Naturally above water only at low tide. Surrounds a lagoon.
Subi Reef Dao (C) PRC has constructed 3-story buildings, wharfs, and a helipad 0
Đá Su Bi (V) here.
牛轭 Niu'e
礁
Jiao (C) Some rocks naturally above water at high tide. Part of Union
Whitson Reef 0
Đá Ba Đầu Banks.
(V)
Total 8 reefs 0
Unoccupied Features
Not Occupied But Largely Controlled by the Philippines
The reefs, shoals, etc. to the east of the 116 longitude are closely guarded by the Philippine Navy
and Air Force. Though not occupied, Philippines undeniably has control over these features which
are less 100 miles from the Palawan west coast (except for Scarborough Shoal which is 100 miles
from Zambales). There are many Filipino fishermen in this region, who cooperate closely with the
Philippine Navy. Non-filipino fishermen are tolerated in this region provided that they comply with
Philippine laws. The media in the Philippines have reported many arrests of Chinese fishermen by
the Philippine Navy on grouds of usage of illegal fishing methods and cathing of endangered sea
species, both in this region and in the Sulu Sea. Philippine military presence in this region
intensified after the 1995 Mischief Reef incident. Philippine Air Force has been active in striking
even the markers set up by other countries in this region.
Area
(ha.)
蓬勃暗沙
Bombay Shoal Pengbo Ansha Several rocks are exposed at low tide. Surrounds a lagoon. 0
(C)
Niuchelun Jiao
Boxall Reef Above water only at low tide. 0
(C)
Brown Reef 0
Carnadic Shoal 0
Glasgow Bank 0
Banyue Jiao
(C) Several rocks on the eastern side rise one to two feet
Half Moon Shoal 0
Bãi Trăng above high tide. Encloses a lagoon.
Khuyết (V)
Naturally above water only at low tide. Surrounds a
Hardy Reef Banlu Jiao (C) 0
narrow strip of sand.
Hopkins Reef 0
Investigator
0
Northeast Shoal
Houteng Jiao
Iroquois Reef Above water only at low tide. 0
(C)
Leslie Bank 0
Lord Auckland
0
Shoal
Pensylvania
0
North Reef
Pensylvania
0
South Reef
Shallowest natural depth is 9 m. About 2500 sq miles in
Lile Tan (C) area. Philippines occupied this feature in 1971 and a
Philippine-Sweden joint oil-exploration followed
afterwards. However, China protested this act of the
Reed Tablemount
Philippines saying that this tablemount which center lies
(including Nares
100 miles from the Philippines is part of China's 0
Bank and Marie
territories. After that, Philippines tried asking China for a
Louise Bank) Bãi Cỏ Rồng joint effort but China declined arguing that Philippines
(V) has no right in this feature. Presently, no country is
occupying this feature but is still largely controlled by the
Philippines.
Royal Captain Jiangzhang A few rocks are above water at low tide. Surrounds a
0
Shoal Ansha (C) lagoon.
Sandy Shoal 0
Not actually part of Spratly Island group. It is farther
north, about 100 miles from Palauig, Zambales, Phils.
Several rocks up to 3 m high. Much of the reef is just
below water at high tide. Encloses a lagoon. Near the
Scarborough Huang Yen mouth of the lagoon are the ruins of an iron tower, 8.3 m
0
Shoal Tao (C) high. Presently occupied by the Philippine Navy, fishing
is tolerated in the area. Many Chinese fishermen were
already arrested here by the Philippine Navy for using
illegal fishing methods and catching of endangered sea
species.
Seahorse Shoal 0
Templar Bank 0
With Uncertain Possession
Some sources say that these features are occupied by Vietnam or China, but most sources, including
the most recent, say they are not occupied. Some features listed here may not exist and might have
been confused with other existing features.
Area
(ha.)
Xiaoxian Jiao
Discovery Small (C) Above water only at low tide. Some sources say that this
0
Reef is possessed by Vietnam.
Đá Nhỏ (V)
Beting Burgai
(P) Only a few large rocks are naturally above water at high
tide. Part of Tizard Banks. Some sources say that this is

Eldad Reef Anda Jiao (C) 0
possessed by China and some say by Vietnam.
Dongmen Jiao Above water only at low tide. Part of Union Banks. Some
Hughes Reef 0
(C) sources say that this is possessed by China.
Nanyao
Shazhou (C) A sand cay, with fringing reef naturally above water at
Loaita Cay high tide. Not to be confused with Loaita Island. Some ??
Bãi Loại Ta sources say that this is possessed by China.
(V)
Shuanghuang
Loaita Nan/ Shazhou (C) Never above water. Some sources say that this is
Loaita Southwest 0
Bãi Loại Ta possessed by China.
Reef
Nam (V)
At NE end of North Danger Reef. Naturally above water
Dongbei Jiao only at low tide. Part of North Danger Reef. Some sources
North Reef 0
(C) say that this is possessed by China and some say by
Vietnam.
Aoyuan Ansha Shallowest natural depth is 6 m. Some sources say that
Owen Shoal 0
(C) this is possessed by Vietnam.
Guangya Tan
(C) Shallowest natural depth is 7 m. Has corals. Some sources
Prince of Wales
say that this is possessed by China and some say by 0
Bank Bãi Phúc Tần Vietnam.
(V)
Not Occupied by any Country
Area
(ha.)
Arellano (P)
Xian'e Jiao (C) A sand "cay", 1.2 m high. Many rocks above high tide
Alicia Anne Reef 0
Đá Suối Ngọc line.
(V)
Gongzhen Jiao
Baker Reef Awash at low tide. 0
(C)
Xinyi Jiao (C)
First Thomas A few rocks are permanently above sea level. Much of the
Bãi Suối Ngà 0
Reef reef is above water at low tide. Encloses a lagoon.
(V)
Changxian
Holiday Reef Above water only at low tide. Part of Union Banks. 0
Jiao (C)
Lusha Jiao (C)
Hopps Reef Above water only at low tide. Part of Southampton Reefs. 0
Đá Hop (V)
Wufan(g) Jiao Four or five portions are above water at low tide. Encloses
Jackson Atoll 0
(C) a lagoon.
Sanjiao Jiao Above water only at low tide. Some rocks still visible at
Livock Reef (C) high tide. Part of Southampton Reefs. 0

Mengzi Jiao
(C)
Menzies Reef Awash at low tide. Part of Loaita Bank. 0
Đá Men Di
(V)
Sandy Cay/ Tiexian Jiao
A low sand cay; fringing reef above water at high tide. ??
Extension Reef (C)
Above water only at low tide. Located northeast of Thitu
Tieshi Jiao Tieshi Jiao (C) 0
Island and unnamed on most maps.
Zhangxi Jiao Small reef, partly above water only at low tide. Part of
Zhangxi Jiao 0
(C) Union Banks.
Unoccupied Claimed Features

Only China (inclusive of Taiwan) and Vietnam claims all of the Spartly Island Chain. They even
claim features that are just 50 km from other countries like Philippines and Malaysia. However,
Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei all have partial claims only. Here are the islands claimed but
unoccupied by these three countries (parenthesis refer to the country currently occupying the
feature):
Philippines: Itu Aba Island (T), Amboyna Cay (V), Namyit Island (V), Sand Cay (V), Sin Cowe
Island (V), Sin Cowe East Island (V), Southwest Cay (V), Spratly Island Proper (V), Pigeon Reef
(V), South Reef (V), Ardasier Reef (M), Erica Reef (M), Investigator Shoal (M), Mariveles Reef
(M), Mischief Reef (C), Subi Reef (C) and all of features to the east of the 116 longitude
(unoccupied) (see Unoccupied but Largely Controlled by the Philippines subtable).
Malaysia: please fill this
Brunei: Rifleman Bank (V), Louisa Reef (M) and Owen Shoal (uncertain)
20th century timeline

1927 The French ship SS De Lanessan conducted a scientific survey of the Spratly Islands
France launched a second expedition with the La Malicieuse, which raised the French flag on an
1930 island called Ile de la Tempete. Chinese fishermen were present on the island, but the French
made no attempt to expel them.
The Republic of China sent the French government a memorandum contesting their sovereignty
1932 over the Spratlys, based on the Chinese interpretation of the 1887 treaty ending the Sino-French
War.
Three French ships had taken control of nine of the largest islands and declared French
sovereignty over the archipelago. France administered the area as part of Cochinchina. The
1933
Empire of Japan disputed French sovereignty over the islands, citing evidence of phosphate
mining by private Japanese citizens.
Japan declared its intention to place the island group under its jurisdiction. France and the United
1939
Kingdom protested and reasserted French sovereignty claims.
Japan forcibly occupied the island group and remained in control until the end of World War II,
1941
administering the area as part of Taiwan. A submarine base was established on Itu Aba.
After Japan's surrender at the end of World War II, France and the Republic of China reassert
claims on the Spratly Islands. China sent troops to the islands, and Chinese landing forces
1945
erected sovereignty markers.
France dispatched warships to the islands several times but no attempts are made to evict
1946
Chinese forces.
1947 France demanded the Chinese withdraw from the islands.
1948 France ceased maritime patrols near the islands and China withdrew most of its troops.
At the 1951 San Francisco Conference on the Peace Treaty with Japan, delegates from Vietnam;
1951 which, at that time, was still French-controlled; claimed sovereignty over the Paracel and the
Spratly Islands.
Tomas Cloma, director of the Maritime Institute of the Philippines, claimed sovereignty over
much of the Spratly Islands, naming his territory "Kalaya'an" ("Freedomland"). The People's
Republic of China, the Republic of China, France, South Vietnam, the United Kingdom and the
Netherlands all issued protests. The Republic of China and South Vietnam launched naval units
1956
to the islands, though South Vietnam left no permanent garrison. North Vietnam supported the
PRC's claims, declaring that "according to Vietnamese data, the Xisha and Nansha Islands are
historically part of Chinese territory." Later in the year, South Vietnam declared its annexation
of the Spratly Islands as part of its Phuoc Tuy province.
The People's Republic of China issued a declaration defining its territorial waters which
encompassed the Spratly Islands. North Vietnam's prime minister, Pham Van Dong, sent a
1958
formal note to Zhou Enlai, stating that "The Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
respects this decision."
1961-
South Vietnam established sovereignty markers on several islands in the chain.
3
The Philippines sent troops to three islands on the premise of protecting Kalayaan citizens and
1968
announced the annexation of the Kalayaan island group.
1971 Malaysia issued claims to some of the Spratly Islands.
1972 The Philippines incorporated the Kalayaan islands into its Palawan province.
1975 A recently-unified Vietnam declared claims over the Spratly Islands.
1978 A presidential decree from the Philippines outlined territorial claims to the islands.
Malaysia published a map of its continental shelf claim, which includes twelve islands from the
1979 Spratly group. Vietnam published a white paper outlining its claims to the islands and disputing
those of the other claimants.
Vietnam published another white paper, occupied several of the islands and constructed military
1982
installations. The Philippines also occupied several more islands and constructed an air strip.
Malaysia occupied Swallow Reef (Layang Layang), one of the Spratly Islands. A naval base and
1983
resort was later built at this location.
Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone encompassing the Louisa Reef in the southern
1984
Spratly Islands, but did not publicly claim the area.
The People's Republic of China conducted naval patrols in the Spratly Islands and established a
1987
permanent base.
PRC and Vietnam ships had a minor clash over Johnson Reef. PRC forces prevailed and retain
1988
control of the area.
See also
n South China Sea Islands
n Paracel Islands
n Junk Keying
n Kalayaan, Palawan, Philippines
n Zheng He
n Crysis, a computer game set on the Spratly Islands.
n List of islands in the South China Sea
Countries and other territories in Southeast Asia [show]
External links
n Mariner's page of the Spratly Islands (http://66.249.91.104/translate_c?hl=fr&ie=UTF-
8&oe=UTF-8&langpair=en%
7Cfr&u=http://www.425dxn.org/dc3mf/0_sprat.html&prev=/language_tools)
n Taiwanese List with ~170 entries (http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/y05-19.xls)
n List of atolls with areas (ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/reposit/2001/2001075.pdf)
n Satellite images of all islands and reefs of the Spratly Islands. (http://66.249.91.104/translate_c?
hl=fr&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&langpair=en%
7Cfr&u=http://www.oceandots.com/pacific/spratly/thumbs.htm&prev=/language_tools)
n Flags of the World (FOTW) (http://66.249.91.104/translate_c?hl=fr&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-
8&langpair=en%7Cfr&u=http://www.fotw.net/flags/xp-s.html&prev=/language_tools) entry with
various micronations on the Spratly Islands.
n Map showing the claims (http://66.249.91.104/translate_c?hl=fr&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-
8&langpair=en%7Cfr&u=http://www.monde-
diplomatique.fr/cartes/spratlymdv1997&prev=/language_tools)
n A tabular summary about the Spratly and Paracel Islands (http://66.249.91.104/translate_c?
hl=fr&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&langpair=en%
7Cfr&u=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/spratly-
claims.htm&prev=/language_tools)
n Another overview table of the Spratly Islands (http://66.249.91.104/translate_c?hl=fr&ie=UTF-
7Cfr&u=http://community.middlebury.edu/~scs/macand/gazetteer.htm&prev=/language_tools)
n Evidence of Chinese Fleets visit to specific places all round the world in early 15th century
(http://66.249.91.104/translate_c?hl=fr&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&langpair=en%
7Cfr&u=http://www.1421.tv/pages/evidence/index.asp&prev=/language_tools)
n CIA World Factbook for Spratly Islands (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/pg.html)
n Vietnamese claims (http://travelvietnam.officeisp.net/Shared%20Documents/Countries%20-%
20Vietnam/VietnamForeignMinistry81.pdf)PDF (1.70 MiB), from Vietnam Ministry of Foreign
Affairs
n The Dotted Line on the Chinese Map of the South China Sea: A Note
(http://community.middlebury.edu/~scs/docs/Li%20and%20Li-The%20Dotted%20Line%20on%
20the%20Map.pdf)PDF (150 KiB)
n Third Party Summary of the Dispute (http://66.249.91.104/translate_c?hl=fr&ie=UTF-
7Cfr&u=http://www.american.edu/TED/SPRATLY.htm&prev=/language_tools)
n some coordinate points of reefs (https://www.shom.fr/GanHtdocs/02/15/2/4/FR_RSX912-
0215.pdf)
References
n Spick, Mike. Dangerous Ground!, Air Forces Monthly, Dec. 1993
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islands"
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FR Wikipedia Org Wiki Iles de Spratly

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Îles de Spratly - Wikipedia, l'encyclopédie libre Page 1 sur 21

Les îles sont situées dans le groupe asiatique du sud-est de

[éditer] géographie et développement économique

histoire des débuts

Les cartes chinoises antiques enregistrent le Qianli Tchang-cha (千 里 長 ) et 沙

disciple Le Quy Don, Hoàng SA et Trường SA ont

Dans les années 30, la France a réclamé les îles de

Après la défaite du Japon à la fin de la deuxième guerre mondiale, la République du gouvernement de la

que la région de Spratly tient des

réclamations de la Chine sur les îles de Spratly

Philippine claims on the Spratly Islands

Vietnam claims on the Spratly Islands

Tabular listing of features showing country possessions

Đảo Bình guano deposits. No vegetation. Several soldiers stationed.

Bãi Tốc Tan

Layang "four miles of treeless beaches and coral reefs."

tide. Part of Tizard Banks. Some sources say that this is

Livock Reef (C) high tide. Part of Southampton Reefs. 0

Unoccupied Claimed Features

20th century timeline

Countries and other territories in Southeast Asia [show]

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Les cartes chinoises antiques enregistrent le Qianli Tchang-cha (千里長 ) et 沙