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Exercices Equilibre Chimique
Exercices Equilibre Chimique
2 A+ B
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Qr =
--------------------------------------------------------------
. Qr =
K=
[C ]q [D]q
[A]q 2
[C ] [D]
[A]2 [B]
:IJ
:/$, 1 :1-1
--------------------------------------------------------------
:>K L "! K =
[C ]q [D]q
[A]q 2 [B]q
--------------------------------------------------------------
xf
HCO2 H + C 6 H 5 CO2
HCO2 + C 6 H 5 CO2 H (1
( aq )
( aq )
( aq )
C 2 H 5 CO2 + H 3O +
C 2 H 5 CO2 H + H 2 O
( aq )
( )
( aq )
(2
( aq )
NH 4 + HO
NH 3 + H 2 O
( aq )
( aq )
( )
(3
( aq )
( aq )
. /$, 1 . / ;E 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[HCO ] [C H CO H ]
[HCO H ] [C H CO ]
[C H CO ] [H O ]
=
:IJ
Qr =
(1
-------------------------------------------------------------
Qr
[C 2 H 5CO2 H ]
(2
--------------------------------------------------------------
[NH ] [HO ]
=
+
Qr
[NH 3 ]
(3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:IJ
(1
Ag + C AgC
+
( aq)
( aq)
(s)
Ag + + 2 C AgC 2
( aq )
( aq )
(s)
3
Ag 3 PO 4 3 Ag + + PO 4
( aq )
(s)
( aq )
--------------------------------------------------------------
Qr =
1
C
1
[Ag ] [
+
Qr =
:MN L
[Ag ] [C ]
= [Ag ] [PO ]
(2
:>K L
+
Qr
:KK L( 2
4
CH 3CO2 H + H 2 O
CH 3CO2 + H 3 O +
( aq )
[CH
( )
CO 2
( aq )
] [
q
( aq )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:IJ
, ,A ;. (1
[CH CO ] [H O ]
K=
[CH 3CO2 H ]q
--------------------------------------------------------------
[CH CO ] [H O ]
K=
(2
[CH 3 CO 2 H ]q
(1,2 10 4 ) 2
= 1,5 10 5
9,6 10 4
. 8m.mol
( aq )
2m.mol
( aq )
V 2_ .# ! EA ,> E > 71[ A $\ 2_^ 3>
./$, . 6, -1
0m.mol :@ /$, #@ 71[ #E #@, #I ` #-2
/$, #@, #@, / /$, 1 * 3K VL "! 6( 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:IJ
:/$, . (1
2I +
S 2 O8
2
2SO4
I2
.#; S 2 O8
2I
n1
n1 2 x
S 2 O8
2SO4
0
n2
2x
n2 x
. [I 2 ] =
. [SO4 2 ] =
/$, .
I2
m.mol : #@,
0
x
0
x
x
V
[I ] = n V 2 x
L
#; L
t eL #E
n x
2x
2
S 2 O8 = 2
V
V
3
3
3
n1 = c1 V1 = 0,32mol / 50 10 = 5 10 mol = 16 10 m.mol = 16m.mol : E#
V = V1 + V2 = 50 + 100 = 150ml : L ! L
2
2
/$, .
2I
+
S 2 O8
2 SO4
+
I2
L
m.mol : #@,
0
0
16
10
0
#; L
x
x
16 2 x
10 x
2x
t eL #E
n( S 2 O8
n( I 2 ) = 8m.mol
--------------------------------------------------------------
:/$, 1 (3
x
2
x
( )2
2 2
[
I 2 ] SO4
4x3
V
V
Qr =
=
=
2
2
n 2 x 2 n2 x (n1 2 x) 2 (n2 x)
I S 2 O8
( 1
)
V
V
./$, #@, H., /$, 1
[ ] [
:IJ
./iL /$, . (1
+
C 6 H 5 COOH + H 2 O
C 6 H 5 COO + H 3O
( aq )
(l )
( aq )
( aq )
--------------------------------------------------------------
C 6 H 5 COOH + H 2 O
( aq )
(l )
C 6 H 5 COO + H 3O
( aq )
( aq )
"
"
n1
n1 xq
m.mol : #@,
0
xq
xq
xq
L
#; L
, #E
=G
[C H COO ]
= H 3O +
[C 6 H 5 COOH ] =
n1 x q
V
S
: G = : .> 1 DI
S
10 2 m
10 4 m 2
= 0,53mol / m 3 = 0,53 10 3 mol /
+ 3,23 10 3 ) S .m 2 .mol 1
: E#
2,03 10 4 S
(3,5 10 2
=
n1 x q
xq
x max
xq
n1
[H O ]
+
c.V
[H O ] = 0,53 10
+
5 10
[C H COO ] [H O ] = (0,53 10
= 0,106 = 10,6 o o
:, ,A (4
3 2
)
= 6,28 10 5
[C 6 H 5COOH ]
(4,47 10 )
K=
. p >N /$ . 6,( 1
# "! D /\L Q,E p> 7> r $,_ c X, ;E >N L i j@> (2
: !,
3
3
2
c(mol )l )
10
5.10
10
33,3
100,4
70
( .S .cm 1 )
. L / "! #I,> N> r !.$ ! X, #I
/., 7 X, H., /. !DE #@, @ >; Q,E Q,E,( 3
4
NH = 7,34mS .m 2 .mol 1
+
(1:IJ
+
NH 3 + H 2 O
NH 4 + HO
( aq )
(l )
( aq )
( aq )
-------------------------------------------------------------+
NH 3 + H 2 O
( aq )
NH 4 + HO
(l )
( aq )
( aq )
"
"
n1
n1 xq
m.mol : #@,
0
xq
xq
xq
L
#; L
, #E
n( NH 4 ) = n( HO ) : E# #@, #I 31
: ! * @ 3. l;\ g7
:# H;`
3
10
33,3
5.10
70
,4 10 S 10 m
[NH ] = [HO ] = (19,9.100
10 + 7,34.10 ) S .m .mol
[NH ] = c [NH ] = 10 0,37.10 = 9,63 10
+
3 q
3 q
mol / l
:!>K L ;E
mol / l
S 10 m
[NH ] = [HO ] = (19,9.1033,3+ 10
= 0,122mol / m
7,34.10 ) S .m .mol
[NH ] = c [NH ] = 10 0,122.10 = 8,78 10 mol / l
+
3 q
( .S .cm 1 )
: N L ;E
c(mol )l )
10
100,4
1
2
= 0,122 10 3 mol / l
--------------------------------------------------------------
xf
x max
xq
xmax
[NH ]
+
xq
n1
[NH ]
c.V
x max = n1
: V L ;E
[NH ] = 0,37 10
=
+
10 2
= 0,037 = 3,7 o o
5.10 3
0,05 = 5 o o
10 3
0,12 = 12 o o
:IJ
: p g>K h /$ . (1
HCOOH + H 2 O
HCOO + H 3O +
( aq )
( aq )
(l )
( aq )
--------------------------------------------------------------
K=
:, ,A ;. (2
[HCOO ] [H O ]
[HCOOH ]
--------------------------------------------------------------
( aq )
no
no xq
/$, .
HCOO + H 3O +
HCOOH + H 2 O
( aq )
(l )
( aq )
m.mol :
0
"
"
xq
m.mol : #@,
0
L
#; L
xq
xq
, #E
:E# #@, #I 31
[HCOO ] = [H O ] = xV
: n( HCOO ) = n( H 3O + ) = xq
)
V
=
no xq
xq
V2
:
x q
[HCOOH ]
c
V
V
2
K .xq
xq
K .xq xq
Kc
2 =0
K (c
)= 2
V
V
V
V
2
K .c.V 2 K .V .xq xq
2
+ K .V .xq KcV = 0
= 0 : @#
V2
= ( KV ) 2 + 4 KcV 2 :>K I# . !
K=
xq
[HCOO ] [H O ] =
xq
x 2 q =
] [
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
( /DE) !# ,
-------------------------------------------------------------------------:IJ
. HNO2 / NO2 CH 3COOH / CH 3COO : ,1#, #* h ,IX(
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:/iL /$, .(
CH 3COOH + NO2
CH 3COO + HNO2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:#;(
2
3
4
3
n(CH 3COOH ) = C.V = 10 mol / 20 10 = 2 10 mol = 0,2 10 mol = 0,2m.mol
n( NO ) = C.V = 10 2 mol / 20 10 3 = 2 10 4 mol = 0,2 10 3 mol = 0,2m.mol
2
CH 3COO + HNO2
/$, .
0,2 x f
0
x
#@,
0
x
L
#; L
,
xf
xf
DE L
:
0
x
m.mol
0,2
0,2 x
0,2
0,2 x
0,2 x f
xf
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------K=
: , ,A (
[HNO2 ].[CH3COO ]
[CH3COOH].[NO2 ]
: #@, #I 31 ^3>
K=
[CH COO ]
[NO ]
[CH COO ]
[NO ]
[NO ] =
:l;\(2) *3.
:
Na +
+ NO + 0,2.CH COO
1,13 10 S (10 m)
1,13 10 S .m
=
0,87mo
2
2
1
(5 + 7,2 + 0,2 4,1) 10 S .m .mol
13,02 10 2 S .m 3 .mol 1
mol /
xf
x max
n(CH 3 COO )
: .>
VS
n(CH 3 COO ) = [CH 3COO ] VS = 1,74 10 3 mol / 40 10 3 = 0,696 10 4 mol
: [ CH 3COO ] =
xf
x max
HNO2 + H 2 O
NO2 + H 3O
0,5
0,5 x
m.mol
"
"
0,5 x f
"
/$, .
0
x
0
x
#@,
0
x
xf
xf
xf
:
L
#; L
,
DE L
.2@" = 22 o 0 N #L /$ D" ! j /$, 7 y" 100 o o Ri! DE #@, >; 3
0,5 x max = 0
,E h 7 #L
/$, ! $,1V H" : M\*N #@,3
x max = 0,5m.mol
x f = x max = 0,22 0,5 = 0,11m.mol :
n( H O + )
3
[H O ] = n( HV O
+
10
xf
VS
x max
= x f : lS, #@, #I 31 3
0,11 10 3 mol
= 2,2 10 3 mol / :
50 10 3
HNO2 + H 2 O
0,5
0,5 x f = 0,39
m.mol
"
"
+
/$, .
NO2 + H 3O
#@,
L
:
0
0
0
#; L
0,11
0,11
0,11
DE L
x
50 10
11
12