Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 11

79++)78)( %27;)67

746-2+ %9+978  )<%1-2%8-327

 SJ 

)28)646-7)1%2%+)1)28 7)1)78)6

8SXEP 1EVOW ! 
5 E '32*0-'8 ,%2(0-2+ 78=0)7
8LSQEW  WYKKIWXW XLEX MRHMZMHYEPW GSRJPMGXLERHPMRK WX]PIW GER FI QETTIH SR X[S
HMQIRWMSRW EGGSVHMRK XS XLI MRXIRXMSRW SJ XLI TEVXMIW MRZSPZIH ,I PEFIPPIH XLI X[S
HMQIRWMSRW EWWIVXMZIRIWW XV]MRK XS WEXMWJ] SRI W S[R GSRGIVRW  ERH GSSTIVEXMZIRIWW
XV]MRK XS WEXMWJ] XLI SXLIV TEVX] WGSRGIVRW 
,I HIWGVMFIW JMZI WXVEXIKMIW JSV VIWSPZMRK GSRJPMGX FYX JIIPW LS[IZIV XLEX GSQTVSQMWMRK
[EW XLI STXMQEP WSPYXMSR

!
E %ZSMHMRK =SY [MXLHVE[ JVSQ XLI GSRJPMGX SV HIR]GSRGIEP XLI MRGSQTEXMFMPMX]
W[IITMRK MX YRHIV XLI GEVTIX  8LMW QE] FI ETTVSTVMEXI [LIVI XLI MWWYI MW XVMZMEP MX
QE] WMQTP] FPS[ SZIV ;MXLHVE[EP MW EPWS E PIKMXMQEXI WLSVXXIVQ VIWTSRWI XS QSVI
WIVMSYW GSRJPMGX EPPS[MRK XIQTIVW XS GSSP ERH QSVI MRJSVQEXMSR XS FI KEXLIVIH
,S[IZIV MJ YRHIVP]MRK GEYWIW EVI RSX MHIRXMJMIH ERH EHHVIWWIH XLI GSRJPMGX QE]
IZIRXYEPP] VIIQIVKI SV IWGEPEXI
F %GGSQQSHEXMRK =SY GSRGIHI XLI MWWYI XS XLI SXLIV TIVWSR VIKEVHPIWW SJ ]SYV
S[R PIKMXMQEXI GSRGIVRW 8LMW QE] FI ETTVSTVMEXI [LIVI XLI VIPEXMSRWLMT MW XLI QSWX
MQTSVXERX GSRWMHIVEXMSR -X QE] FI XLI SRP] STXMSR [LIVI ]SY LEZI VIPEXMZIP] PS[ TS[IV
MR XLI VIPEXMSRWLMT IWTIGMEPP] MJ XLI XMQI GSRWXVEMRXW EVI XMKLX -X QE] EPWS FI ETTVSTVMEXI
XS EPPS[ XLI SXLIV TIVWSR XS [MR  IK EPPS[MRK E WYFSVHMREXI XS PIEVR JVSQ LMW S[R
QMWXEOIW  ,S[IZIV ]SYV S[R PIKMXMQEXI MRXIVIWXW EVI RSX WIVZIH
G 'SQTIXMRKJSVGMRK =SY MRWMWX SR ]SYV S[R GSRGIVRW EX XLI I\TIRWI SJ SXLIVW 8LMW
QE] FI ETTVSTVMEXI [LIVI XLI MWWYI MW XLI QSWX MQTSVXERX GSRWMHIVEXMSR [LIVI MX MW
RIGIWWEV] XS WSPZI MHISPSKMGEP HMWTYXIW FVIEO HS[R XLI MRJPI\MFMPMX] SJ SXLIVW MQTPIQIRX
YRTSTYPEV QIEWYVIW SV IWXEFPMWL ]SYV EYXSRSQ] -R SXLIV [SVHW WSQIXMQIW ]SY NYWX
LEZI XS WXMGOXS]SYV KYRW -XMWYWIJYPMRIQIVKIRGMIW[LIRUYMGOHIGMWMZIEGXMSRMW
8LI WYKKIWXIHERW[IVW TVSZMHIH SRERH QEHIEZEMPEFPI XLVSYKL XLI -RWXMXYXI W [IFWMXI QE] SRP] FI VIJIVVIH VIPMIHYTSR SV XVIEXIH EW EKYMHIERHWYFWXMXYXI JSV TVSJIWWMSREP
EHZMGI8LI-RWXMXYXIHSIWRSXXEOIER]VIWTSRWMFMPMX]EFSYXXLIEGGYVEG]GSQTPIXIRIWWSVGYVVIRG]SJXLIMRJSVQEXMSRTVSZMHIHMRXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW8LIVIJSVIXLI-RWXMXYXIMW
RSXPMEFPIXSEXXIRHSVVIGIMZIER]GSQQIRXWSFWIVZEXMSRWSVGVMXMGWVIPEXIHXSXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW

79++)78)( %27;)67

746-2+ %9+978  )<%1-2%8-327

 SJ 

)28)646-7)1%2%+)1)28 7)1)78)6

VIUYMVIH -X MW JEGMPMXEXIH [LIVI ]SY LEZI VIPEXMZIP] LMKL TS[IV MR XLI VIPEXMSRWLMT 8LI
HVE[FEGO MW XLEX XLI SXLIV TIVWSR QE] JIIP HIJIEXIH ERH LYQMPMEXIH [LMGL QE] EJJIGX
PSRKIV XIVQ GSSTIVEXMSR
H 'SQTVSQMWMRK =SY XVEHI GSRGIWWMSRW XLVSYKL I\TPMGMX SV MQTPMGMX FEVKEMRMRK
RIKSXMEXMRK ERH GSRGMPMEXMRK WS XLEX IEGL TEVX] QEOIW WSQI GSRGIWWMSRW MR SVHIV XS
SFXEMR WSQI KEMRW 8LMW QE] FI ETTVSTVMEXI [LIR XLI MWWYI MW RSX [SVXL HMWVYTXMSR SJ
XLI VIPEXMSRWLMT -X QE] FI RIGIWWEV] [LIVI XLI TS[IV MW IZIRP] FEPERGIH ERH XLI
TEVXMIW LEZI QYXYEPP] I\GPYWMZI KSEPW [LMGL EVI IUYEPP] MQTSVXERX XS XLIQ -J XLI MWWYI MW
GSQTPI\ GSQTVSQMWI QE] FI E XIQTSVEV] VIWSPYXMSR [LMPI SXLIV STXMSRW EVI I\TPSVIH MX
QE] EPWS FI E JEPPFEGO TSWMXMSRMJGSPPEFSVEXMRKSVJSVGMRKEVIYRWYGGIWWJYP,S[IZIV
MRHMZMHYEPW SJXIR I\EKKIVEXI XLIMV MRMXMEP TSWMXMSRW XS GSYRXIVEGX XLI IJJIGX SJ
GSQTVSQMWI ERH XLMW QE] TSPEVM^I XLI GSRJPMGX YRRIGIWWEVMP] 'SQTVSQMWI QE] EPWS FI
TIVGIMZIH XS [IEOIR XLI ZEPYI SJ XLI HIGMWMSR TIVLETW VIHYGMRK GSQQMXQIRX XS MX SR
XLI KVSYRHW XLEX MX [EWR X [LEX [I [ERXIH  %RH XLMW QE] FI XLI TSWMXMSR SJ FSXL
TEVXMIW
I 'SPPEFSVEXMRK =SY [SVO XSKIXLIV [MXL XLI SXLIV TEVX] MR ER EXXIQTX XS JMRH ER
SYXGSQI MR [LMGL XLI EWWIVXMZIP]WXEXIH RIIHW SJ FSXL TEVXMIW EVI QIX EW JEV EW
TSWWMFPI 'SRJPMGXLERHPMRK MW VIKEVHIH EW WLEVIH TVSFPIQWSPZMRK 8LMW QE] FI QSWX
ETTVSTVMEXI [LIR FSXL XLI MWWYIW ERH XLI VIPEXMSRWLMT EVI LMKLP] MQTSVXERX XS ]SY ERH
XMQI MW RSX TVIWWMRK MX MW [SVXL WIIOMRK ER MRXIKVEXMZI WSPYXMSR FIGEYWI FSXL WIXW SJ
GSRGIVRW EVI VIGSKRM^IH EW FIMRK XSS MQTSVXERX XS GSQTVSQMWI 'SPPEFSVEXMRK JEGMPMXEXIW
PIEVRMRK GSRWIRWYW XLI QIVKMRK SJ HMJJIVIRX TIVWTIGXMZIW ERH XLI GVIEXMSR SJ QSVI
STXMSRW [LIVI XLIWI EVI JIPX XS FI HIWMVEFPI  -X VIUYMVIW E VIPEXMZI FEPERGI SJ TS[IV MJ
SRP] FIGEYWI SJ XLI STIRRIWW ERH XVYWX VIUYMVIH !

5 F 89'/1%2 7 78%+)7 3* +6394 ():)0341)28


*SYV WXEKIW MR KVSYT HIZIPSTQIRX [IVI MHIRXMJMIH F] 8YGOQER  
7XIT  *SVQMRK
8LI XIEQ MW NYWX GSQMRK XSKIXLIV )EGL QIQFIV [MWLIW XS MQTVIWW LMW SV LIV
TIVWSREPMX] SR XLI KVSYT 8LI MRHMZMHYEPW [MPP FI XV]MRK XS JMRH SYX EFSYX IEGL SXLIV ERH
EFSYX XLI EMQW ERH RSVQW SJ XLI XIEQ 8LIVI [MPP EX XLMW WXEKI TVSFEFP] FI E [EVMRIWW
EFSYX MRXVSHYGMRK RI[ MHIEW 8LI SFNIGXMZIW FIMRK TYVWYIH QE] EW ]IX FI YRGPIEV ERH E
PIEHIV QE] RSX ]IX WIX ERH XVYWX FIX[IIR XLI KVSYT QIQFIVW MRGVIEWIW
7XIT  7XSVQMRK
8LMW JVIUYIRXP] MRZSPZIW QSVI SV PIWW STIR GSRJPMGX FIX[IIR XIEQ QIQFIVW 8LIVI QE]
FI GLERKIW EKVIIH MR XLI SVMKMREP SFNIGXMZIW TVSGIHYVIW ERH RSVQW IWXEFPMWLIH JSV XLI
KVSYT -J XLI XIEQ MW HIZIPSTMRK WYGGIWWJYPP] XLMW QE] FI E JVYMXJYP TLEWI EW QSVI
8LI WYKKIWXIHERW[IVW TVSZMHIH SRERH QEHIEZEMPEFPI XLVSYKL XLI -RWXMXYXI W [IFWMXI QE] SRP] FI VIJIVVIH VIPMIHYTSR SV XVIEXIH EW EKYMHIERHWYFWXMXYXI JSV TVSJIWWMSREP
EHZMGI8LI-RWXMXYXIHSIWRSXXEOIER]VIWTSRWMFMPMX]EFSYXXLIEGGYVEG]GSQTPIXIRIWWSVGYVVIRG]SJXLIMRJSVQEXMSRTVSZMHIHMRXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW8LIVIJSVIXLI-RWXMXYXIMW
RSXPMEFPIXSEXXIRHSVVIGIMZIER]GSQQIRXWSFWIVZEXMSRWSVGVMXMGWVIPEXIHXSXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW

79++)78)( %27;)67

746-2+ %9+978  )<%1-2%8-327

 SJ 

)28)646-7)1%2%+)1)28 7)1)78)6

VIEPMWXMG XEVKIXW EVI WIX ERH XVYWX FIX[IIR XLI KVSYT QIQFIVW MRGVIEWIW
7XIT  2SVQMRK
% TIVMSH SJ WIXXMRK HS[R XLIVI [MPP FI EKVIIQIRXW EFSYX [SVO WLEVMRK MRHMZMHYEP
VIUYMVIQIRXW ERH I\TIGXEXMSRW SJ SYXTYX 2SVQW ERH TVSGIHYVIW QE] IZSPZI [LMGL
IREFPI QIXLSHMGEP [SVOMRK XS FI MRXVSHYGIH ERH QEMRXEMRIH
7XIT  4IVJSVQMRK
8LI XIEQ WIXW XS [SVO XS I\IGYXI MXW XEWO 8LI HMJJMGYPXMIW SJ KVS[XL ERH HIZIPSTQIRX RS
PSRKIV LMRHIV XLI KVSYT WSFNIGXMZIW
8YGOQER ERH .IRWIR PEXIV EHHIH X[S WXEKIW XS 8YGOQERW QSHIP
E (SVQMRK 3RGI E KVSYT LEW FIIR TIVJSVQMRK [IPP JSV WSQI XMQI MX QE] KIX
GSQTPEGIRX ERH JEPP FEGO MRXS WIPJQEMRXIRERGI JYRGXMSRW EX XLI I\TIRWI SJ XLI
XEWO

F 1SYVRMRK  EHNSYVRMRK 8LI KVSYT WII MXWIPJ EW LEZMRK JYPJMPPIH MXW TYVTSWI

SV

MJ MX MW E XIQTSVEV] TVSNIGX KVSYT MW HYI XS TL]WMGEPP] HMWFERH 8LMW MW E WXEKI SJ


GSRJYWMSR WEHRIWW ERH ER\MIX] EW XLI KVSYT FVIEOW YT 8LIVI MW IZEPYEXMSR SJ
MXW EGLMIZIQIRXW ERH KVEHYEP [MXLHVE[EP SJ KVSYT QIQFIVW -J XLI KVSYT MW XS
GSRXMRYIH KSMRK SR XS E RI[ XEWO XLIVI [MPP FI E VIRIKSXMEXMSR SJ EMQW ERH
VSPIW E VIXYVR XS XLI JSVQMRK WXEKI

5 E

*MZI EPXIVREXMZI GSRGITXW JSV HIWMKRMRK E GYWXSQIV HVMZIR QEVOIXMRK WXVEXIK]


8LI 4VSHYGXMSR 'SRGITX 8LMW GSRGITX MW XLI SPHIWX SJ XLI GSRGITXW MR FYWMRIWW -X
LSPHW XLEX GSRWYQIVW [MPP TVIJIV TVSHYGXW XLEX EVI [MHIP] EZEMPEFPI ERH MRI\TIRWMZI
1EREKIVW JSGYWMRK SR XLMW GSRGITX GSRGIRXVEXI SR EGLMIZMRK LMKL TVSHYGXMSR
IJJMGMIRG] PS[ GSWXW ERH QEWW HMWXVMFYXMSR

8LI] EWWYQI XLEX GSRWYQIVW EVI

TVMQEVMP] MRXIVIWXIH MR TVSHYGX EZEMPEFMPMX] ERH PS[ TVMGIW 8LMW SVMIRXEXMSR QEOIW
WIRWI MR HIZIPSTMRK GSYRXVMIW [LIVI GSRWYQIVW EVI QSVI MRXIVIWXIH MR SFXEMRMRK
XLI TVSHYGX XLER MR MXW JIEXYVIW
8LI 4VSHYGX 'SRGITX 8LMW SVMIRXEXMSR LSPHW XLEX GSRWYQIVW [MPP JEZSV XLSWI
TVSHYGXW XLEX SJJIV XLI QSWX UYEPMX] TIVJSVQERGI SV MRRSZEXMZI JIEXYVIW 1EREKIVW
JSGYWMRK SR XLMW GSRGITX GSRGIRXVEXI SR QEOMRK WYTIVMSV TVSHYGXW ERH MQTVSZMRK
XLIQ SZIV XMQI 8LI] EWWYQI XLEX FY]IVW EHQMVI [IPPQEHI TVSHYGXW ERH GER
ETTVEMWI UYEPMX] ERH TIVJSVQERGI

,S[IZIV XLIWI QEREKIVW EVI WSQIXMQIW

GEYKLX YT MR E PSZI EJJEMV [MXL XLIMV TVSHYGX ERH HS RSX VIEPM^I [LEX XLI QEVOIX
RIIHW 1EREKIQIRX QMKLX GSQQMX XLI FIXXIVQSYWIXVET JEPPEG] FIPMIZMRK XLEXE
FIXXIV QSYWIXVET [MPP PIEH TISTPI XS FIEX E TEXL XS MXW HSSV
8LI 7IPPMRK 'SRGITX 8LMW MW ERSXLIV GSQQSR FYWMRIWW SVMIRXEXMSR -X LSPHW XLEX
GSRWYQIVW ERH FYWMRIWWIW MJ PIJX EPSRI [MPP SVHMREVMP] RSX FY] IRSYKL SJ XLI WIPPMRK
8LI WYKKIWXIHERW[IVW TVSZMHIH SRERH QEHIEZEMPEFPI XLVSYKL XLI -RWXMXYXI W [IFWMXI QE] SRP] FI VIJIVVIH VIPMIHYTSR SV XVIEXIH EW EKYMHIERHWYFWXMXYXI JSV TVSJIWWMSREP
EHZMGI8LI-RWXMXYXIHSIWRSXXEOIER]VIWTSRWMFMPMX]EFSYXXLIEGGYVEG]GSQTPIXIRIWWSVGYVVIRG]SJXLIMRJSVQEXMSRTVSZMHIHMRXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW8LIVIJSVIXLI-RWXMXYXIMW
RSXPMEFPIXSEXXIRHSVVIGIMZIER]GSQQIRXWSFWIVZEXMSRWSVGVMXMGWVIPEXIHXSXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW

79++)78)( %27;)67

746-2+ %9+978  )<%1-2%8-327

 SJ 

)28)646-7)1%2%+)1)28 7)1)78)6

GSQTER] W TVSHYGXW  8LI SVKERM^EXMSR QYWX XLIVIJSVI YRHIVXEOI ER EKKVIWWMZI


WIPPMRK ERH TVSQSXMSR IJJSVX 8LMW GSRGITX EWWYQIW XLEX GSRWYQIVW X]TMGEPP] WLS[
FY]MRK MRIVXME SV VIWMWXERGI ERH QYWX FI GSE\IH MRXS FY]MRK -X EPWS EWWYQIW XLEX
XLI GSQTER] LEW E [LSPI FEXXIV] SJ IJJIGXMZI WIPPMRK ERH TVSQSXMSREP XSSPW XS
WXMQYPEXI QSVI FY]MRK 1SWX JMVQW TVEGXMGI XLI WIPPMRK GSRGITX [LIR XLI] LEZI
SZIVGETEGMX] 8LIMV EMQ MW XS WIPP [LEX XLI] QEOI VEXLIV XLER QEOI [LEX XLI QEVOIX
[ERXW
8LI 1EVOIXMRK 'SRGITX 8LMW MW E FYWMRIWW TLMPSWSTL] XLEX GLEPPIRKIW XLI EFSZI
XLVII FYWMRIWW SVMIRXEXMSRW -XW GIRXVEP XIRIXW GV]WXEPPM^IH MR XLI W -X LSPHW XLEX
XLI OI] XS EGLMIZMRK MXW SVKERM^EXMSREP KSEPW KSEPW SJ XLI WIPPMRK GSQTER] GSRWMWXW
SJ XLI GSQTER] FIMRK QSVI IJJIGXMZI XLER GSQTIXMXSVW MR GVIEXMRK HIPMZIVMRK ERH
GSQQYRMGEXMRK GYWXSQIV ZEPYI XS MXW WIPIGXIH XEVKIX GYWXSQIVW 8LI QEVOIXMRK
GSRGITX VIWXW SR JSYV TMPPEVW XEVKIX QEVOIX GYWXSQIV RIIHW MRXIKVEXIH QEVOIXMRK
ERH TVSJMXEFMPMX]
8LI 7SGMIXEP 1EVOIXMRK 'SRGITX 8LMW GSRGITX LSPHW XLEX XLI SVKERM^EXMSR WXEWOMW
XS HIXIVQMRI XLI RIIHW [ERXW ERH MRXIVIWXW SJ XEVKIX QEVOIXW ERH XS HIPMZIV XLI
HIWMVIH WEXMWJEGXMSRW QSVI IJJIGXMZIP] ERH IJJMGMIRXP] XLER GSQTIXMXSVW XLMW MW XLI
SVMKMREP 1EVOIXMRK 'SRGITX  %HHMXMSREPP] MX LSPHW XLEX XLMW EPP QYWX FI HSRI MR E [E]
XLEX TVIWIVZIW SV IRLERGIW XLI GSRWYQIV WERHXLIWSGMIX] W[IPPFIMRK

!
5 F 'SVTSVEXI 7SGMEP 6IWTSRWMFMPMX] MR (IZIPSTMRK 2EXMSRW
(IZIPSTMRK IGSRSQMIW JEGI HMJJIVIRX GLEPPIRKIW XS GSVTSVEXI WSGMEP VIWTSRWMFMPMX] XLER
HIZIPSTMRK REXMSRW
/I] HVMZIVW JSV '76 MR HIZIPSTMRK IGSRSQMIW MRGPYHI
E 'YPXYVI 1ER] HIZIPSTMRK REXMSRW EPVIEH] LEZI MR XLIMV GYPXYVI E XVEHMXMSR SJ
IXLMGW ERH GSQQYRMX] 3JXIR XLMW LEW GSQI EFSYX XLVSYKL VIPMKMSR %W
FYWMRIWWIW EVI TEVX SJ E REXMSR W GYPXYVI MX MW REXYVEP JSV WYGL XVEHMXMSRW XS FI
JSPPS[IH
F 4SPMXMGW 4SPMXMGEP VIJSVQ ERH XLI MRXVSHYGXMSR SJ HIQSGVEG] MW GSQQSR MR
HIZIPSTMRK GSYRXVMIW EW XLMW MW SJXIR XLI WTEVO [LMGL HVMZIW IGSRSQMG
HIZIPSTQIRX 'SYRXVMIW YRHIVKSMRK HIZIPSTQIRX SJXIR JSPPS[ I\EQTPIW SJ KSSH
TVEGXMGI WYGL EW '76 MR HIZIPSTIH REXMSRW
G 7SGMS)GSRSQMG 4VMSVMXMIW (IZIPSTMRK GSYRXVMIW SJXIR JEGI E GSRJPMGX SJ
TVMSVMXMIW *SV I\EQTPI VIHYGMRK TSPPYXMSR QE] FI HIWMVEFPI XS TVIWIVZI XLI
IRZMVSRQIRX FYX GPIERIV TVSHYGXMSR QIXLSHW QE] FI QSVI I\TIRWMZI ERH
LMRHIV IGSRSQMG TVSKVIWW
H +SZIVRERGI +ETW '76 GER FI YWIH EW E JSVQ SJ KSZIVRERGI XS TPYK XLI
8LI WYKKIWXIHERW[IVW TVSZMHIH SRERH QEHIEZEMPEFPI XLVSYKL XLI -RWXMXYXI W [IFWMXI QE] SRP] FI VIJIVVIH VIPMIHYTSR SV XVIEXIH EW EKYMHIERHWYFWXMXYXI JSV TVSJIWWMSREP
EHZMGI8LI-RWXMXYXIHSIWRSXXEOIER]VIWTSRWMFMPMX]EFSYXXLIEGGYVEG]GSQTPIXIRIWWSVGYVVIRG]SJXLIMRJSVQEXMSRTVSZMHIHMRXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW8LIVIJSVIXLI-RWXMXYXIMW
RSXPMEFPIXSEXXIRHSVVIGIMZIER]GSQQIRXWSFWIVZEXMSRWSVGVMXMGWVIPEXIHXSXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW

79++)78)( %27;)67

746-2+ %9+978  )<%1-2%8-327

 SJ 

)28)646-7)1%2%+)1)28 7)1)78)6

KETW XLEXVIWYPXJVSQTSSVKSZIVRQIRXWIVZMGIW*SVI\EQTPISVKERM^EXMSRWGER
FI YWIH XS TVSZMHI LIEPXLGEVI SV IHYGEXMSR [LIVI XLI KSZIVRQIRX GERRSX EJJSVH
XS
I 1EVOIX %GGIWW %W HIZIPSTIH REXMSRW LEZI LMKL TYFPMG TVIWWYVI JSV '76
GSQTERMIW MR HIZIPSTMRK REXMSRW QYWX JSPPS[ XLI WEQI TVMRGMTPIW MJ XLI] EVI XS
WIPP MR XLI WEQI QEVOIX 1YPXMREXMSREP GSQTERMIW 1YPXMREXMSREP GSQTERMIW
WXVMZI JSV GSRWMWXIRG] EGVSWW EPP XLIMV MRXIVREXMSREP WYFWMHMEVMIW ERH TVSHYGXMSR
YRMXW ;LIVI XLIWI EVI PSGEXIH MR HIZIPSTMRK GSYRXVMIW XLI] [MPP EHSTX XLI WEQI
TSPMGMIW EW XLSWI MR HIZIPSTIH GSYRXVMIW 'SYRXVMIW SV GSQTERMIW XLEX HS RSX
EHSTX '76 EVI PIWW PMOIP] XS VIGIMZI MRZIWXQIRX SV SVHIVW JVSQ 12'W

5 E 3TIVEXMSRW 1EREKIQIRX


3TIVEXMSRW [MPP MRZEVMEFP] LEZI ER STIVEXMSRW JYRGXMSR 8LI STIVEXMSRW JYRGXMSR QMKLX FI
GSRWMHIVIH EW SRI SJ XLI XLVII XVEHMXMSREP GSVIJYRGXMSRW 
E 3TIVEXMSRW 8LMW MW VIWTSRWMFPI JSV JYPJMPPMRK GYWXSQIV SVHIVW ERH VIUYIWXW
XLVSYKL TVSHYGXMSR SJ XLI KSSHW SV WIVZMGIW ERH JSV HIPMZIV] SJ TVSHYGXW SV
WIVZMGIW XS XLI GYWXSQIV
F 1EVOIXMRK ERH WEPIW 8LMW MW VIWTSRWMFPI JSV MHIRXMJ]MRK GYWXSQIV RIIHW ERH
TIVLETW

QSVI

WMKRMJMGERXP]

JSV

GSQQYRMGEXMRK

MRJSVQEXMSR

EFSYX

XLI

SVKERMWEXMSR WTVSHYGXWSVWIVZMGIWXSGYWXSQIVWWSEWXSTVSGYVIWEPIWSVHIVW
G 4VSHYGX ERH WIVZMGI HIZIPSTQIRX 8LMW MW VIWTSRWMFPI JSV HIWMKRMRK RI[
TVSHYGXW ERH WIVZMGIW XLEX [MPP QIIX GYWXSQIV RIIHW XS KIRIVEXI WEPIW SVHIVW
,IRV] 1MRX^FIVK WYKKIWXIH SVKERM^EXMSRW EVI QEHI YT SJ JMZI TEVXW

7XVEXIKMG
%TI\


8IGLRSWXVYGXYVI

7YTTSVX
7XEJJ

1MHHPI
0MRI

3TIVEXMRK 'SVI

4EVX
3TIVEXMRK GSVI
1MHHPI PMRI

1MRX^FIVK W JMZI FEWMG TEVXW SJ ER SVKERM^EXMSR


'SQQIRX
4ISTPI MRZSPZIH TVSHYGMRK TVSHYGXW ERH WIVZMGIW F] XVERWJSVQMRK
MRTYXW WYGL EW WXSGO YWMRK STIVEXMSRW WYGL EW QERYJEGXYVMRK
8LI LMIVEVGL] PMROMRK XLI WXVEXIKMG ETI\ XS XLI STIVEXMRK GSVI 9WYEPP]

8LI WYKKIWXIHERW[IVW TVSZMHIH SRERH QEHIEZEMPEFPI XLVSYKL XLI -RWXMXYXI W [IFWMXI QE] SRP] FI VIJIVVIH VIPMIHYTSR SV XVIEXIH EW EKYMHIERHWYFWXMXYXI JSV TVSJIWWMSREP
EHZMGI8LI-RWXMXYXIHSIWRSXXEOIER]VIWTSRWMFMPMX]EFSYXXLIEGGYVEG]GSQTPIXIRIWWSVGYVVIRG]SJXLIMRJSVQEXMSRTVSZMHIHMRXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW8LIVIJSVIXLI-RWXMXYXIMW
RSXPMEFPIXSEXXIRHSVVIGIMZIER]GSQQIRXWSFWIVZEXMSRWSVGVMXMGWVIPEXIHXSXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW

79++)78)( %27;)67

746-2+ %9+978  )<%1-2%8-327

 SJ 

)28)646-7)1%2%+)1)28 7)1)78)6

7XVEXIKMG ETI\
8IGLRSWXVYGXYVI

7YTTSVX WXEJJ

GSQTVMWIW JMVWX PMRI WYTIVZMWSVW YT XS WIRMSV QEREKIVW


*SVQYPEXIW ERH MQTPIQIRXW WXVEXIK]
ERH MJ ETTPMGEFPI PMROW XLI
SVKERM^EXMSR XS XLSWI [LS S[R SV GSRXVSP MX
'SSVHMREXIW [SVO XLVSYKL WXERHEVHMWMRK TVSGIWWIW SYXTYXW ERH
WOMPPW IK ,6 QEREKIVW MRGPYHIW I\TIVX EHZMGI VIWIEVGL ERH [SVO
WXYH]
4VSZMHI WIVZMGIW ERH EWWMWXERGI SYXWMHI XLI [SVO JPS[ IK GEXIVMRK
GPIERMRK 46

5 F 8LI JSPPS[MRK HMEKVEQ ERH XEFPI I\TPEMR WSQI QENSV JEGXSVW XLEX WLETI GYWXSQIV
I\TIGXEXMSRW
4VMGI

1EVOIXMRK

%PXIVREXMZIW
'97831)6
)<4)'8%8-327

'YWXSQIV
QSSHEXXMXYHI

;SVH SJ QSYXL

4VMSV
I\TIVMIRGI

8LIVI EVI ZEVMSYW [E]W MR [LMGL WIVZMGI UYEPMX] JEGXSVW QE] FI GPEWWMJMIH
'PEWWMJMGEXMSRW
,]KMIRI
*EGXSVW
)RLERGMRK
*EGXSVW
'VMXMGEP *EGXSVW

2IYXVEP *EGXSVW

'SQQIRX
8LIWI EVI ZIV] QYGL FEWI PMRI JEGXSVW -J RSX TVIWIRX [MPP XIRH XS
HMWWEXMWJ] E GYWXSQIV IK E LSXIP KYIWX [MPP I\TIGX TVSTIV WIGYVMX]
FYX MX MW YRPMOIP] XS HIPMKLX
8LIWI QE] TEVXMEPP] HIPMKLX FYX [MPP RSX FI E WSYVGI SJ HMWWEXMWJEGXMSR
MJ EFWIRX IK E LSXIP KYIWX MW PMOIP] XS VIEPP] ETTVIGMEXI JVMIRHP] WXEJJ
FYX QMKLX RSX FI GPEWWMJMIH MJ XLI] EVI RSX EPP XLEX GLIIVJYP
8LIWI LEZI XLI TSXIRXMEP XS HIPMKLX EW [IPP EW HMWWEXMWJ] IK E LSXIP
KYIWX [MPP I\TIGX WXEJJ VIWTSRWMZIRIWW
8LIWI YWYEPP] LEZI PMXXPI MQTEGX SR WEXMWJEGXMSR IK E LSXIP KYIWX QE]
FI HIPMKLXIH MJ E LSXIP MW EIWXLIXMGEPP] TPIEWMRK [MXL RMGI [EPPTETIV
WQEVX JMXXMRKW IXG FYX QE] [IPP RSX QMWW XLIQ MJ RSX TVIWIRX

5 E 8,) '314%2= 7 1%'63)2:-6321)28


8LI GSQTER] ERH EPP SJ XLI SXLIV EGXSVW STIVEXI MR E PEVKIV QEGVSIRZMVSRQIRX SJ JSVGIW
XLEX WLETI STTSVXYRMXMIW ERH TSWI XLVIEXW XS XLI GSQTER]
()13+6%4,-' )2:-6321)28
(IQSKVETL] MW XLI WXYH] SJ LYQER TSTYPEXMSRW MR XIVQW SJ WM^I HIRWMX] PSGEXMSR EKI
KIRHIV SGGYTEXMSR ERH SXLIV WXEXMWXMGW 8LI HIQSKVETLMG IRZMVSRQIRX MW SJ QENSV
MRXIVIWX XS QEVOIXIVW FIGEYWI MX MRZSPZIW TISTPI ERH TISTPI QEOI YT QEVOIXW 8LI
[SVPH TSTYPEXMSR MW KVS[MRK EX I\TPSWMZI VEXI -X RS[ I\GIIHW  FMPPMSR TISTPI ERH [MPP
KVS[ XS  FMPPMSR F] XLI ]IEV  8LI QENSV GSRXVMFYXSVW XS XLMW KVS[XL EVI XLI
8LI WYKKIWXIHERW[IVW TVSZMHIH SRERH QEHIEZEMPEFPI XLVSYKL XLI -RWXMXYXI W [IFWMXI QE] SRP] FI VIJIVVIH VIPMIHYTSR SV XVIEXIH EW EKYMHIERHWYFWXMXYXI JSV TVSJIWWMSREP
EHZMGI8LI-RWXMXYXIHSIWRSXXEOIER]VIWTSRWMFMPMX]EFSYXXLIEGGYVEG]GSQTPIXIRIWWSVGYVVIRG]SJXLIMRJSVQEXMSRTVSZMHIHMRXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW8LIVIJSVIXLI-RWXMXYXIMW
RSXPMEFPIXSEXXIRHSVVIGIMZIER]GSQQIRXWSFWIVZEXMSRWSVGVMXMGWVIPEXIHXSXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW

79++)78)( %27;)67

746-2+ %9+978  )<%1-2%8-327

 SJ 

)28)646-7)1%2%+)1)28 7)1)78)6

GSYRXVMIW MR XLI -RHMER WYFGSRXMRIRX 8LI [SVPH WPEVKILMKLP]HMZIVWITSTYPEXMSRTSWIW


FSXL STTSVXYRMXMIW ERH GLEPPIRKIW 'LERKIW MR XLI [SVPH HIQSKVETLMG IRZMVSRQIRX
LEZI QENSV MQTPMGEXMSRW JSV FYWMRIWW
)'3231-' )2:-6321)28
1EVOIXW VIUYMVI FY]MRK TS[IV EW [IPP EW TISTPI 8LI IGSRSQMG IRZMVSRQIRX GSRWMWXW SJ
JEGXSVW XLEX EJJIGX GSRWYQIV TYVGLEWMRK TS[IV ERH WTIRHMRK TEXXIVRW 1EVOIXIVW QYWX
TE] GPSWI EXXIRXMSR XS QENSV XVIRHW ERH GSRWYQIV WTIRHMRK TEXXIVRW FSXL EGVSWW ERH
[MXLMR XLIMV [SVPH QEVOIXW 2EXMSRW ZEV] KVIEXP] MR XLIMV PIZIPW ERH HMWXVMFYXMSR SJ MRGSQI
7SQI GSYRXVMIW LEZI MRHYWXVMEP IGSRSQMIW [LMGL GSRWXMXYXI VMGL QEVOIXW JSV QER]
HMJJIVIRX OMRHW SJ KSSHW %X XLI SXLIV I\XVIQI EVI WYFWMWXIRGI IGSRSQMIW

XLI]

GSRWYQI QSWX SJ XLIMV S[R EKVMGYPXYVEP ERH MRHYWXVMEP SYXTYX ERH SJJIV JI[ QEVOIX
STTSVXYRMXMIW -R FIX[IIR EVI HIZIPSTMRK IGSRSQMIW [LMGL GER SJJIV SYXWXERHMRK
QEVOIXMRK STTSVXYRMXMIW JSV XLI VMKLX OMRHW SJ TVSHYGXW
8)',2303+-'%0 )2:-6321)28
8LI XIGLRSPSKMGEP IRZMVSRQIRX MW TIVLETW XLI QSWX HVEQEXMG JSVGI RS[ WLETMRK SYV
HIWXMR] 8IGLRSPSK] LEW VIPIEWIH WYGL [SRHIVW EW ERXMFMSXMGW VSFSXMG WYVKIV]
QMRMEXYVM^IH IPIGXVSRMGW PETXST GSQTYXIVW ERH XLI -RXIVRIX -X EPWS LEW VIPIEWIH WYGL
LSVVSVW EW RYGPIEV QMWWMPIW GLIQMGEP [IETSRW ERH EWWEYPX VMJPIW -X LEW VIPIEWIH WYGL
QM\IH FPIWWMRKW EW XLI EYXSQSFMPI XIPIZMWMSR ERH GVIHMX GEVHW
430-8-'%0 %2( 73'-%0 )2:-6321)28
1EVOIXMRK HIGMWMSRW EVI WXVSRKP] EJJIGXIH F] HIZIPSTQIRXW MR XLI TSPMXMGEP IRZMVSRQIRX
8LI TSPMXMGEP IRZMVSRQIRX GSRWMWXW SJ PE[W KSZIVRQIRX EKIRGMIW ERH TVIWWYVI KVSYTW
XLEX MRJPYIRGI SV PMQMX ZEVMSYW SVKERM^EXMSRW ERH MRHMZMHYEPW MR E KMZIR WSGMIX] 3R
EGGSYRX SJ IZIVMRGVIEWMRK KPSFEPM^EXMSR GSQTERMIW EVI RS[ EJJIGXIH F] XLI WSGMS
TSPMXMGEP IRZMVSRQIRX SJ RSX SRP] XLIMV S[R GSYRXV] FYX EPWS SXLIV GSYRXVMIW [MXL [LMGL
XLI] LEZI MQTSVXERX XVEHMRK VIPEXMSRW 'LERKIW MR XLI XEVMJJ ERH UYSXE VIKMQIW SJ XLI
HIZIPSTIH [SVPH SV IZIR WIRXMQIRXW SJ XLI GMZMP WSGMIX] XLIVI QMKLX LEZI E HMVIGX MQTEGX
SR XLI TVSJMXEFMPMX] SV IZIR WYVZMZEP SJ GSQTERMIW MR XLI WYFGSRXMRIRX 1EVOIXIVW QYWX
OIIRP] JSPPS[ XLI GLERKMRK WSGMSTSPMXMGEP IRZMVSRQIRX SJ XLI [SVPH MR SVHIV XS WIIO SYX
STTSVXYRMXMIW ERH XS EHHVIWW TSXIRXMEP XLVIEXW
'90896%0 )2:-6321)28
8LI GYPXYVEP IRZMVSRQIRX MW QEHI YT SJ MRWXMXYXMSRW ERH SXLIV JSVGIW XLEX EJJIGX E
WSGMIX] WFEWMGZEPYIWTIVGITXMSRWTVIJIVIRGIWERH FILEZMSYVW 4ISTPI KVS[ YT MR E
TEVXMGYPEV WSGMIX] XLEX WLETIW XLIMV FEWMG FIPMIJW ERH ZEPYIW 8LI] EFWSVF E [SVPH ZMI[
XLEX HIJMRIW XLIMV VIPEXMSRWLMTW [MXL SXLIVW 8LI JSPPS[MRK GYPXYVEP GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW GER
EJJIGX QEVOIXMRK HIGMWMSR QEOMRK

8LI WYKKIWXIHERW[IVW TVSZMHIH SRERH QEHIEZEMPEFPI XLVSYKL XLI -RWXMXYXI W [IFWMXI QE] SRP] FI VIJIVVIH VIPMIHYTSR SV XVIEXIH EW EKYMHIERHWYFWXMXYXI JSV TVSJIWWMSREP
EHZMGI8LI-RWXMXYXIHSIWRSXXEOIER]VIWTSRWMFMPMX]EFSYXXLIEGGYVEG]GSQTPIXIRIWWSVGYVVIRG]SJXLIMRJSVQEXMSRTVSZMHIHMRXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW8LIVIJSVIXLI-RWXMXYXIMW
RSXPMEFPIXSEXXIRHSVVIGIMZIER]GSQQIRXWSFWIVZEXMSRWSVGVMXMGWVIPEXIHXSXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW

79++)78)( %27;)67

746-2+ %9+978  )<%1-2%8-327

 SJ 

)28)646-7)1%2%+)1)28 7)1)78)6

5 F 1EREKIQIRX *YRGXMSRW


-R XVEHMXMSREPP] WXVYGXYVIH SVKERM^EXMSRW [LMGL EVI WEMH XS FI WLETIH PMOI E T]VEQMH
FIGEYWI QSVI IQTPS]IIW EVI EX PS[IV SVKERM^EXMSREP PIZIPW XLER EX YTTIV SVKERM^EXMSREP
PIZIPW  QEREKIVW EVI SJXIR GPEWWMJMIH EW JMVWXPMRI QMHHPI SV XST %X XLI PS[IWX PIZIP SJ
QEREKIQIRX JMVWXPMRI QEREKIVW QEREKI XLI [SVO SJ RSRQEREKIVMEP IQTPS]IIW [LS
X]TMGEPP] EVI MRZSPZIH [MXL TVSHYGMRK XLI SVKERM^EXMSR W TVSHYGXW SV WIVZMRK XLI
SVKERM^EXMSR WGYWXSQIVW*MVWXPMRI QEREKIVW EVI SJXIR GEPPIH WYTIVZMWSVW FYX QE] EPWS
FI GEPPIH WLMJX QEREKIVW HMWXVMGX QEREKIVW HITEVXQIRX QEREKIVW SV SJJMGI QEREKIVW
1MHHPI QEREKIVW EVI XLSWI JSYRH FIX[IIR XLI PS[IWX ERH XST PIZIPW SJ XLI SVKERM^EXMSR
8LIWI QEREKIVW QEREKI XLI [SVO SJ JMVWXPMRI QEREKIVW ERH QE] LEZI XMXPIW WYGL EW
VIKMSREP QEREKIV TVSNIGX PIEHIV WXSVI QEREKIV SV HMZMWMSR QEREKIV %X XLI YTTIV
PIZIPW SJ XLI SVKERM^EXMSR EVI XLI XST QEREKIVW [LS EVI VIWTSRWMFPI JSV QEOMRK
SVKERM^EXMSR [MHI HIGMWMSRW ERH IWXEFPMWLMRK XLI TPERW ERH KSEPW XLEX EJJIGX XLI IRXMVI
SVKERM^EXMSR 8LIWI MRHMZMHYEPW X]TMGEPP] LEZI XMXPIW WYGL EW I\IGYXMZI ZMGI TVIWMHIRX
TVIWMHIRX QEREKMRK HMVIGXSV GLMIJ STIVEXMRK SJJMGIV SV GLMIJ I\IGYXMZI SJJMGIV
%R SVKERM^EXMSR I\MWXW XS EGLMIZI WSQI TEVXMGYPEV TYVTSWI WSQISRI QYWX HIJMRI XLEX
TYVTSWI ERH XLI QIERW JSV MXW EGLMIZIQIRX 1EREKIQIRX MW XLEX WSQISRI %W
QEREKIVW IRKEKI MR TPERRMRK XLI] HIJMRI KSEPW IWXEFPMWL WXVEXIKMIW JSV EGLMIZMRK
XLSWI KSEPW ERH HIZIPST TPERW XS MRXIKVEXI ERH GSSVHMREXI EGXMZMXMIW
1EREKIVW EVI EPWS VIWTSRWMFPI JSV EVVERKMRK ERH WXVYGXYVMRK [SVO XS EGGSQTPMWL XLI
SVKERM^EXMSR W KSEPW ;I GEPP XLMW JYRGXMSR SVKERM^MRK ;LIR QEREKIVW SVKERM^I XLI]
HIXIVQMRI [LEX XEWOW EVI XS FI HSRI [LS MW XS HS XLIQ LS[ XLI XEWOW EVI XS FI
KVSYTIH [LS VITSVXW XS [LSQ ERH [LIVI HIGMWMSRW EVI XS FI QEHI
)ZIV] SVKERM^EXMSR LEW TISTPI ERH E QEREKIV WNSFMWXS[SVO[MXLERHXLVSYKLTISTPI
XS EGGSQTPMWL KSEPW 8LMW MW XLI PIEHMRK JYRGXMSR ;LIR QEREKIVW QSXMZEXI
WYFSVHMREXIW LIPT VIWSPZI [SVO KVSYT GSRJPMGXW MRJPYIRGI MRHMZMHYEPW SV XIEQW EW XLI]
[SVO WIPIGX XLI QSWX IJJIGXMZI GSQQYRMGEXMSR GLERRIP SV HIEP MR ER] [E] [MXL
IQTPS]II FILEZMSYV MWWYIW XLI] EVI PIEHMRK
8LI JMREP QEREKIQIRX JYRGXMSR MW GSRXVSPPMRK %JXIV KSEPW ERH TPERW EVI WIX TPERRMRK 
XEWOW ERH WXVYGXYVEP EVVERKIQIRXW EVI TYX MR TPEGI SVKERM^MRK  ERH TISTPI EVI LMVIH
XVEMRIH ERH QSXMZEXIH PIEHMRK  XLIVI LEW XS FI WSQI IZEPYEXMSR SJ [LIXLIV XLMRKW EVI
KSMRK EW TPERRIH 8S IRWYVI XLEX KSEPW EVI FIMRK QIX ERH XLEX [SVO MW FIMRK HSRI EW MX
WLSYPH FI QEREKIVW QYWX QSRMXSV ERH IZEPYEXI TIVJSVQERGI %GXYEP TIVJSVQERGI QYWX
FI GSQTEVIH [MXL XLI WIX KSEPW -J XLSWI KSEPW EVIR XFIMRKEGLMIZIHMX WQEREKIQIRX W
NSF XS KIX [SVO FEGO SR XVEGO 8LMW TVSGIWW SJ QSRMXSVMRK GSQTEVMRK ERH GSVVIGXMRK MW
XLI GSRXVSPPMRK JYRGXMSR
4PERRMRK

3VKERM^MRK

0IEHMRK

'SRXVSPPMRK

0IEH XS

8LI WYKKIWXIHERW[IVW TVSZMHIH SRERH QEHIEZEMPEFPI XLVSYKL XLI -RWXMXYXI W [IFWMXI QE] SRP] FI VIJIVVIH VIPMIHYTSR SV XVIEXIH EW EKYMHIERHWYFWXMXYXI JSV TVSJIWWMSREP
EHZMGI8LI-RWXMXYXIHSIWRSXXEOIER]VIWTSRWMFMPMX]EFSYXXLIEGGYVEG]GSQTPIXIRIWWSVGYVVIRG]SJXLIMRJSVQEXMSRTVSZMHIHMRXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW8LIVIJSVIXLI-RWXMXYXIMW
RSXPMEFPIXSEXXIRHSVVIGIMZIER]GSQQIRXWSFWIVZEXMSRWSVGVMXMGWVIPEXIHXSXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW

79++)78)( %27;)67

746-2+ %9+978  )<%1-2%8-327

 SJ 

)28)646-7)1%2%+)1)28 7)1)78)6
(IJMRMRK KSEPW
IWXEFPMWLMRK
WXVEXIK] ERH
HIZIPSTMRK TPERW
XS GSSVHMREXI
EGXMZMXMIW

(IXIVQMRMRK
[LEX RIIHW XS
FI HSRI LS[ MX
[MPP FI HSRI ERH
[LS MW XS HS MX

1SXMZEXMRK
PIEHMRK ERH ER]
SXLIV EGXMSRW
MRZSPZIH MR
HIEPMRK [MXL
TISTPI

1SRMXSVMRK
EGXMZMXMIW XS
IRWYVI XLEX XLI]
EVI
EGGSQTPMWLIH EW
TPERRIH

%GLMIZMRK XLI
SVKERM^EXMSR W
WXEXIH TYVTSWIW

5 E 1%703; 7 ,-)6%6',= 3* 2))(7


,-)6%6',= 3* 2))(7 E VEROIH WXVYGXYVI SJ FILEZMSYVEP WXMQYPM [MXLMR XLI MRHMZMHYEP
[LMGL I\TPEMR QSXMZEXMSR -X MW ER I\EQTPI SJ E GSRXIRX XLISV] SJ QSXMZEXMSR
,I HIWGVMFIH X[S LMKLIV SVHIV RIIHW
E 8LI RIIH JSV JVIIHSQ SJ MRUYMV] ERH I\TVIWWMSR JSV WSGMEP GSRHMXMSRW TIVQMXXMRK
JVII WTIIGL ERH IRGSYVEKMRK NYWXMGI JEMVRIWW ERH LSRIWX]
F 8LI RIIH JSV ORS[PIHKI ERH YRHIVWXERHMRK XS KEMR ERH SVHIV ORS[PIHKI SJ XLI
IRZMVSRQIRX XS I\TPSVI PIEVR I\TIVMQIRX 8LIWI EVI IWWIRXMEP TVIVIUYMWMXIW JSV
XLI WEXMWJEGXMSR SJ XLI VIQEMRHIV
8LI SXLIV JMZI RIIHW GER FI EVVERKIH MR E LMIVEVGL] SJ VIPEXMZI TVITSXIRG] )EGL PIZIP
SJ RIIH MW HSQMRERX YRXMP WEXMWJMIH

SRP] XLIR HSIW XLI RI\X PIZIP SJ RIIH FIGSQI E

QSXMZEXMRK JEGXSV % RIIH [LMGL LEW FIIR WEXMWJMIH RS PSRKIV QSXMZEXIW ER MRHMZMHYEP W
FILEZMSYV 8LI RIIH JSV WIPJEGXYEPM^EXMSR GER RIZIV FI WEXMWJMIH

!
8LIVI EVI ZEVMSYW TVSFPIQW EWWSGMEXIH [MXL 1EWPS[ WXLISV]
E )QTMVMGEP ZIVMJMGEXMSR JSV XLI LMIVEVGL] MW LEVH XS GSQI F] 4L]WMSPSKMGEP ERH
WEJIX] RIIHW EVI RSX EP[E]W YTTIVQSWX MR XLI HIXIVQMREXMSR SJ LYQER
FILEZMSYV
F 6IWIEVGL HSIW RSX FIEV SYX XLI TVSTSWMXMSR XLEX RIIHW FIGSQI PIWW TS[IVJYP EW
XLI] EVI WEXMWJMIH I\GITX EX XLI ZIV] TVMQMXMZI PIZIP SJ TVMQEV] RIIHW PMOI LYRKIV
ERH XLMVWX
G -X MW HMJJMGYPX XS TVIHMGX FILEZMSYV YWMRK XLI LMIVEVGL] XLI XLISV] MW XSS ZEKYI
H

%TTPMGEXMSR SJ XLI XLISV] MR [SVO GSRXI\XW TVIWIRXW ZEVMSYW HMJJMGYPXMIW *SV

8LI WYKKIWXIHERW[IVW TVSZMHIH SRERH QEHIEZEMPEFPI XLVSYKL XLI -RWXMXYXI W [IFWMXI QE] SRP] FI VIJIVVIH VIPMIHYTSR SV XVIEXIH EW EKYMHIERHWYFWXMXYXI JSV TVSJIWWMSREP
EHZMGI8LI-RWXMXYXIHSIWRSXXEOIER]VIWTSRWMFMPMX]EFSYXXLIEGGYVEG]GSQTPIXIRIWWSVGYVVIRG]SJXLIMRJSVQEXMSRTVSZMHIHMRXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW8LIVIJSVIXLI-RWXMXYXIMW
RSXPMEFPIXSEXXIRHSVVIGIMZIER]GSQQIRXWSFWIVZEXMSRWSVGVMXMGWVIPEXIHXSXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW

79++)78)( %27;)67

746-2+ %9+978  )<%1-2%8-327

 SJ 

)28)646-7)1%2%+)1)28 7)1)78)6

I\EQTPI XLI VSPI SJ QSRI] SV TE] MW TVSFPIQEXMG WMRGI MX EVKYEFP] VITVIWIRXW


SXLIV VI[EVHW PMOI WXEXYW VIGSKRMXMSR SV MRHITIRHIRGI

I 8LI IXLRSGIRXVMGMX] SJ 1EWPS[ W LMIVEVGL] LEW EPWS FIIR RSXIH

MX HSIW WIIQ

FVSEHP] ETTPMGEFPI XS ;IWXIVR )RKPMWLWTIEOMRK GYPXYVIW FYX MX MW PIWW VIPIZERX


IPWI[LIVI

5 F 8,) %7,6-(+) 1%2%+)1)28 '3*0)+) 13()0


(IZIPSTMRK XLI [SVO SJ 8ERRIRFEYQ ERH 7GLQMHX XLI 6IWIEVGL 9RMX EX %WLVMHKI
1EREKIQIRX 'G  HMWXMRKYMWLIH JSYV HMJJIVIRX QEREKIQIRX WX]PIW 8LIWI EVI SYXPMRIH
[MXL XLIMV WXVIRKXLW ERH [IEORIWW XLI JSPPS[MRK XEFPI 8LI VIWIEVGLIVW PEFIPPIH XLIMV
WX]PIW
8IPPW
7IPPW
'SRWYPXW
.SMRW
7X]PI
8IPPW
%YXSGVEXMG

'LEVEGXIVMWXMGW
7XVIRKXL
8LI PIEHIV QEOIW  5YMGO HIGMWMSRW GER FI
EPP XLI HIGMWMSRW
QEHI [LIR WTIIH MW
ERH MWWYIW
VIUYMVIH
MRWXVYGXMSRW [LMGL  -X MW XLI QSWX IJJMGMIRX
QYWX FI SFI]IH
X]TI SJ PIEHIVWLMT JSV
[MXLSYX UYIWXMSR
LMKLP] TVSKVEQQIH
VSYXMRI [SVO

7IPPW
4IVWYEWMZI

8LI PIEHIV WXMPP



QEOIW EPP XLI
HIGMWMSRW FYX
FIPMIZIW XLEX

WYFSVHMREXIW LEZI
XS FI QSXMZEXIH XS
EGGITX XLIQ ERH

GEVV] XLIQ SYX
TVSTIVP]

'SRWYPXW

8LI PIEHIV
GSRJIVW [MXL
WYFSVHMREXIW ERH
XEOIW XLIMV ZMI[W
MRXS EGGSYRX FYX
VIXEMRW XLI JMREP
WE]

;IEORIWW
 -X HSIW RSX IRGSYVEKI
WYFSVHMREXIW XS KMZI
XLIMV STMRMSRW [LIR
XLIWI QMKLX FI YWIJYP
 'SQQYRMGEXMSR
FIX[IIR PIEHIV ERH
WYFSVHMREXIW [MPP FI
SRI[E] ERH XLI PIEHIV
[MPP RSX ORS[ YRXMP
EJXIV[EVHW [LIXLIV XLI
SVHIVW LEZI FIIR
TVSTIVP] YRHIVWXSSH
)QTPS]IIW EVI QEHI
 'SQQYRMGEXMSRW EVI
E[EVI SJ XLI VIEWSRW JSV
WXMPP PEVKIP] SRI[E]
HIGMWMSRW
7YFSVHMREXIW QMKLX RSX
7IPPMRK HIGMWMSRW XS WXEJJ
EGGITX XLI HIGMWMSRW
QMKLX QEOI XLI Q QSVI  -X HSIW RSX IRGSYVEKI
GSQQMXXIH
MRMXMEXMZI ERH
7XEJJ [MPP LEZI E FIXXIV
GSQQMXQIRX JVSQ WYF
MHIE SJ [LEX XS HS [LIR
SVHMREXIW
YRJSVIWIIR IZIRXW EVMWI
MR XLIMV [SVO FIGEYWI
XLI PIEHIV [MPP LEZI
I\TPEMRIH LMW MRXIRXMSRW
)QTPS]IIW EVI MRZSPZIH  -X QMKLX XEOI QYGL
MR HIGMWMSR FIJSVI XLI]
PSRKIV XS VIEGL
EVI QEHI 8LMW
HIGMWMSRW
IRGSYVEKIW QSXMZEXMSR  7YFSVHMREXIW QMKLX FI
XLVSYKL KVIEXIV MRXIVIWX
XSS MRI\TIVMIRGIH XS
ERH MRZSPZIQIRX
JSVQYPEXI QEXYVI
%R EKVIIH GSRWIRWYW
STMRMSRW ERH KMZI
SJ STMRMSR GER FI
TVEGXMGEP EHZMGI
VIEGLIH ERH JSV WSQI
 'SRWYPXEXMSR GER XSS
HIGMWMSRW XLMW GER FI
IEWMP] XYVR MRXS E
ER EHZERXEKI IK
JEEHIGSRGIEPMRKE
MRGVIEWMRK S[RIVWLMT 
WIPPW WX]PI

8LI WYKKIWXIHERW[IVW TVSZMHIH SRERH QEHIEZEMPEFPI XLVSYKL XLI -RWXMXYXI W [IFWMXI QE] SRP] FI VIJIVVIH VIPMIHYTSR SV XVIEXIH EW EKYMHIERHWYFWXMXYXI JSV TVSJIWWMSREP
EHZMGI8LI-RWXMXYXIHSIWRSXXEOIER]VIWTSRWMFMPMX]EFSYXXLIEGGYVEG]GSQTPIXIRIWWSVGYVVIRG]SJXLIMRJSVQEXMSRTVSZMHIHMRXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW8LIVIJSVIXLI-RWXMXYXIMW
RSXPMEFPIXSEXXIRHSVVIGIMZIER]GSQQIRXWSFWIVZEXMSRWSVGVMXMGWVIPEXIHXSXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW

79++)78)( %27;)67

746-2+ %9+978  )<%1-2%8-327

 SJ 

)28)646-7)1%2%+)1)28 7)1)78)6

.SMRW
(IQSGVEXMG

0IEHIV ERH
JSPPS[IVW QEOI
XLI HIGMWMSR SR
XLI FEWMW SJ
GSRWIRWYW

 )QTPS]IIW GER
GSRXVMFYXI XLIMV
ORS[PIHKI ERH
I\TIVMIRGI XS LIPT
WSPZI QSVI GSQTPI\
TVSFPIQW
 -X GER TVSZMHI LMKL
QSXMZEXMSR ERH
GSQQMXQIRX JVSQ
IQTPS]IIW
 -X WLEVIW XLI SXLIV
EHZERXEKIW SJ XLI
GSRWYPXEXMZI WX]PI
IWTIGMEPP] [LIVI
WYFSVHMREXIW LEZI
I\TIVX TS[IV 

 8LI EYXLSVMX] SJ XLI


PIEHIV QMKLX FI
YRHIVQMRIH
 (IGMWMSR QEOMRK QMKLX
FIGSQI E ZIV] PSRK
TVSGIWW ERH GPIEV
HIGMWMSRW QMKLX FIGSQI
HMJJMGYPX XS VIEGL
 7YFSVHMREXIW QMKLX PEGO
I\TIVMIRGI

8,) )2(

8LI WYKKIWXIHERW[IVW TVSZMHIH SRERH QEHIEZEMPEFPI XLVSYKL XLI -RWXMXYXI W [IFWMXI QE] SRP] FI VIJIVVIH VIPMIHYTSR SV XVIEXIH EW EKYMHIERHWYFWXMXYXI JSV TVSJIWWMSREP
EHZMGI8LI-RWXMXYXIHSIWRSXXEOIER]VIWTSRWMFMPMX]EFSYXXLIEGGYVEG]GSQTPIXIRIWWSVGYVVIRG]SJXLIMRJSVQEXMSRTVSZMHIHMRXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW8LIVIJSVIXLI-RWXMXYXIMW
RSXPMEFPIXSEXXIRHSVVIGIMZIER]GSQQIRXWSFWIVZEXMSRWSVGVMXMGWVIPEXIHXSXLIWYKKIWXIHERW[IVW

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi

  • 7 AF 301 FA - Ans4
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans4
    Document8 pages
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans4
    Zain Abidin
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans Dec 2010
    Ans Dec 2010
    Document12 pages
    Ans Dec 2010
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • 7 AF 301 FA - Ans3
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans3
    Document8 pages
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans3
    Zain Abidin
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans e April 2012 PDF
    Ans e April 2012 PDF
    Document9 pages
    Ans e April 2012 PDF
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • 7 AF 301 FA - Ans
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans
    Document8 pages
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans
    AleenaSheikh
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans August 2012
    Ans August 2012
    Document8 pages
    Ans August 2012
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • 7 AF 301 FA - Ans
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans
    Document8 pages
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans
    Zain Abidin
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • 7 AF 301 FA - Ans
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans
    Document8 pages
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans
    Zain Abidin
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans August 2013
    Ans August 2013
    Document9 pages
    Ans August 2013
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans Extraa Nov 2013
    Ans Extraa Nov 2013
    Document7 pages
    Ans Extraa Nov 2013
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans May 2010
    Ans May 2010
    Document12 pages
    Ans May 2010
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans May 2011
    Ans May 2011
    Document9 pages
    Ans May 2011
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans Extra April 2012
    Ans Extra April 2012
    Document9 pages
    Ans Extra April 2012
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans e April 2012
    Ans e April 2012
    Document9 pages
    Ans e April 2012
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans Feb 2013
    Ans Feb 2013
    Document9 pages
    Ans Feb 2013
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans Feb 2014
    Ans Feb 2014
    Document8 pages
    Ans Feb 2014
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • 7 AF 301 FA - Ans
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans
    Document8 pages
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans
    Zain Abidin
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans May 2011
    Ans May 2011
    Document9 pages
    Ans May 2011
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans Extra April 2012
    Ans Extra April 2012
    Document9 pages
    Ans Extra April 2012
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • 7 AF 301 FA - Ans3
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans3
    Document8 pages
    7 AF 301 FA - Ans3
    Zain Abidin
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans Feb 2014
    Ans Feb 2014
    Document8 pages
    Ans Feb 2014
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans Feb 2014
    Ans Feb 2014
    Document8 pages
    Ans Feb 2014
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans Extraa Nov 2013
    Ans Extraa Nov 2013
    Document7 pages
    Ans Extraa Nov 2013
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • Ans August 2012
    Ans August 2012
    Document10 pages
    Ans August 2012
    Danyal Chaudhary
    Pas encore d'évaluation
  • 9 ML 303 ISITA - Ans 1
    9 ML 303 ISITA - Ans 1
    Document8 pages
    9 ML 303 ISITA - Ans 1
    Arsalan Lobaniya
    Pas encore d'évaluation