Table des illustrations.........................................................................................................................................

5
Introduction gnrale..........................................................................................................................................7
CHAPITRE 1 : ...................................................................................................................................................8
1 Contextes et architectures lis la technologie LTE ...............................................................................9
1.1 Historique des rseaux mobiles..........................................................................................................................9
1.1.1 Les volutions des rseaux mobiles..............................................................................................................9
1.1.2 Terminologie ..............................................................................................................................................10
1.1.3 Les objectifs de la technologie LTE ...........................................................................................................10
1.2 Architecture gnrale du rseau : lEPS...........................................................................................................10
1.2.1 LE-UTRAN...............................................................................................................................................12
1.2.2 LEPC (Evolved Packet Core)....................................................................................................................14
1.3 Interfaces et protocoles.....................................................................................................................................14
1.3.1 Linterface radio Uu ..................................................................................................................................16
1.3.2 Linterface S1 .............................................................................................................................................19
1.3.3 Linterface X2 ............................................................................................................................................21
CHAPITRE 2 : .................................................................................................................................................23
2 Gestion de la mobilit ............................................................................................................................24
2.1 Les tats de fonctionnement (terminal states)..................................................................................................24
2.2 Etablissement de session ..................................................................................................................................25
2.2.1 Le Paging....................................................................................................................................................25
2.2.2 Requte de service ......................................................................................................................................26
2.2.3 Activation de bearer ddi .........................................................................................................................27
2.3 Mobilit en mode LTE-IDLE...........................................................................................................................27
2.3.1 Principes de reslection de cellule :............................................................................................................27
2.3.2 Gestion de la position du terminal ..............................................................................................................28
2.3.3 Enregistrement auprs de multiples TA (Multi-TA Registration) ..............................................................29
2.3.4 Mise jour de Tracking Area .....................................................................................................................30
2.4 La mobilit en mode actif (mode LTE-ACTIVE) ............................................................................................33
2.4.1 Handover intra LTE avec support X2.........................................................................................................33
2.4.2 Handover intra LTE sans support X2 .........................................................................................................34
CHAPITRE 3 : .................................................................................................................................................36
3 La qualit de service dans LTE..............................................................................................................37
3.1 Le bearer EPS ..................................................................................................................................................37
3.1.1 Definition....................................................................................................................................................37
3.1.2 Les diffrents bearers EPS .........................................................................................................................37
3.1.3 Traffic flow template (TFT) .......................................................................................................................37
3.1.4 Les diffrents sous-systmes du bearer EPS ..............................................................................................37
3.1.5 Existence des bearers dans les diffrents modes ........................................................................................39
3.2 Les paramtres de qualit de service................................................................................................................39
3.2.1 E-RAB Level QoS parameter .....................................................................................................................39
3.2.2 UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate .............................................................................................................42
3.2.3 APN-AMBR - APN Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate...................................................................................42
CHAPITRE 4 : .................................................................................................................................................43
4 Les interfaces S1 et X2 : informations exploitables...............................................................................44
4.1 Interface S1 ......................................................................................................................................................44
4.1.1 Fonctions gnrales ....................................................................................................................................44
4.1.2 Fonctions de mobilit pour lUE dans le mode LTE-ACTIVE ..................................................................45
4.1.3 Fonctions de coordination...........................................................................................................................45
4.1.4 Fonctions de scurit ..................................................................................................................................45
4.1.5 Fonctions daccs au rseau et aux services ...............................................................................................45
4.1.6 Fonction de gestion des infos du RAN .......................................................................................................45
4.2 Interface x2 : ....................................................................................................................................................45

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4.2.1 Support de la mobilit Intra-LTE-Access-System (cot rseau daccs) pour un UE en mode

CONNECTED............................................................................................................................................46
4.2.2 Gestion de charge .......................................................................................................................................46
4.2.3 Coordination des interfrences inter-cellules..............................................................................................46
4.2.4 Fonctions de gestions gnrales de X2 et gestions des erreurs...................................................................47
4.2.5 Echange de donnes niveau application entre eNodeBs.............................................................................47
CHAPITRE 5 : .................................................................................................................................................48
5 Les informations didentits contenues dans les diffrents messages LTE ...........................................49
5.1 Protocole dapplication AP ID: ......................................................................................................................49
5.1.1 eNB UE S1AP ID:......................................................................................................................................49
5.1.2 MME UE S1AP ID:....................................................................................................................................49
5.1.3 Old eNB UE X2AP ID: ..............................................................................................................................49
5.1.4 New eNB UE X2AP ID:.............................................................................................................................49
5.2 RNTI (Radio Network Temporary Identifiers) ................................................................................................49
5.3 TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identities)..........................................................................................49
5.4 EPS Bearer ID .................................................................................................................................................50
5.5 ECI (E-UTRAN Cell Identifier).....................................................................................................................50
5.6 MME Group ID................................................................................................................................................50
5.7 eNB ID (eNodeB Identifier).............................................................................................................................50
5.8 IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) ............................................................................................50
5.9 TA ID (Tracking Area Identity) .......................................................................................................................50
5.10 ECGI (E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier) ........................................................................................................50
5.11 Global eNB ID (Global eNodeB Identifier) .....................................................................................................51
5.12 MME Identifier ................................................................................................................................................51
5.13 GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity)............................................................................................51
5.14 GUMMEI (Globally Unique MME Identifier).................................................................................................51
CHAPITRE 6 : .................................................................................................................................................52
6 Les diffrents IE envoys sur les diffrentes interfaces........................................................................53
6.1 Sur linterface X2 .............................................................................................................................................53
6.1.1 Procdures basiques de moblit..................................................................................................................53
6.1.2 Procdures globales ....................................................................................................................................54
6.2 Sur linterface S1..............................................................................................................................................56
6.2.1 Messages relatifs a la gestion du e-rab .......................................................................................................56
6.2.2 E-rab release command ..............................................................................................................................57
6.2.3 E-rab release request...................................................................................................................................57
6.2.4 Message relatifs la gestion du contexte...................................................................................................57
6.2.5 Message relatifs au handover......................................................................................................................59
6.2.6 Paging .........................................................................................................................................................61
6.2.7 NAS - TRANSPORT..................................................................................................................................62
6.2.8 Procdures de gestion .................................................................................................................................64
CHAPITRE 7 : .................................................................................................................................................67
7 Algorithme de suivi du mobile...............................................................................................................68
7.1 Gestion de la TAI (tracking area identity) List ................................................................................................68
7.2 Liaison entre le contexte de signalisation et celui de donnes .........................................................................71
7.3 Lalgorithme de suivi .......................................................................................................................................75
7.3.1 Suivi du mobile sur linterface S1 ..............................................................................................................75
7.3.2 Suivi du mobile sur linterface X2..............................................................................................................80
7.3.3 Lien entre les contextes sur S1 et X2..........................................................................................................82
Conclusion et perspectives ...............................................................................................................................84
Annexe 1 : Les diffrentes procdures lies au bearer ....................................................................................85
Activation dun ddicace bearer .......................................................................................................................................85
Bearer Modification..........................................................................................................................................................86
Bearer deactivation ...........................................................................................................................................................88

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Annexe 2 concept de pool area et S1-flexibility (ou S1-flex) ..........................................................................90

Annexe 3 Proposition dalgorihtme de suivi du mobile...................................................................................91

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UTRAN/EPC [TS 36

UTRAN [TR 08

MME [TS 36.410]

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1 Voir section suivante 1.1.2

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Figure 1 : Pile protocolaire du plan usager [TR 23.882]

Figure 2 : Architecture LTE/SAE (Source [Rf 4])

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Figure 3 : Division Fonctionnelles EUTRAN/EPC [TS 36.401]

2 Voir annexe 2

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Figure 4 : architectures EUTRAN [TR 08.008]

[TR 08.008]

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Figure 5 : RNL (Radio Network Layer) et TNL (Transport Network Layer) [TS 36.401]

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Figure 6 : structure protocolaire interface S1 et Uu [TS 36.401]

Figure 7 : Pile protocolaire du plan usager Figure 8 : Pile protocolaire du plan de contrle

4 Inspire de

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Figure 9 : canaux logique dans la LTE (Source [Rf 6])

Figure 10 : canaux de transport dans la LTE (Source [Rf 6])

Figure 11 : Mappage canaux logique canaux de transport (sens descendant/sens montant) (Source
[Rf 6])

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Figure 12 : Architecture de linterface S1[TS 36.410]

5 S1 Application Part

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Figure 13 : Structure protocolaire interface S1MME [TS 36.410]

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Figure 14 : Structure protocolaire interface S1U [TS 36.420]

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Figure 15 : Structure protocolaire interface X2 [TS 36.420]

6 X2 User plane interface
7 X2 Control plane interface

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Figure 16 : Machines tats RRC et MM

Figure 17 : Transitions entre les tats

8 Cest dire nest pas dans ltat LTE-ACTIVE
9 Voir section 2.3.2

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10 Sous entendu se dtacher
11 Voir figure 17

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Figure 18 : Exemple de requte de service initi par lutilisateur

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Figure 19 : Exemple dactivation dun bearer ddi

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Figure 20 : Le mobile est enregistr dans les TA1, TA2 et TA3

12 Bien que ceci soit impos en fait par la MME voir page 33 -Rsum sur la tracking area
13 Prcisment la MME

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Figure 21 : Exemple de Tracking Area Update

14 List dnomme TAI List voir page 33 Rsum sur la Tracking Area

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UE eNodeB new MME old MME/ new Serving old Serving PDN GW HSS
RNC old S4 GW GW
SGSN
1. Trigger to start
TAU procedure PCRF
2. TAU Request
3. TAU Request
4. Context Request
5. Context Response
6. Authentication / Security

7. Context Acknowledge
8. Create Bearer Request
9. Update Bearer Request
9a. PCEF Initiated IP-CAN
Session Modification

10. Update Bearer Response

(A)

11. Create Bearer Response

12. Update Location
13. Cancel Location

15. Iu Release Command 14. Cancel Location Ack

16. Iu Release Complete

17. Update Location Ack
18. Delete Bearer Request
20. TAU Accept (B)
21. TAU Complete 19. Delete Bearer Response

Figure 22 : flux de messages pour un TAU inter-MME

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Figure 23 : architecture mobilit intra LTE avec support X2

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Figure 24 : mobilit intra LTE avec support X2

15 En effet cette interface est facultative

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Figure 25 : mobilit intra LTE sans support X2

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16 dagrger en gros

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Figure 26 : Les diffrents bearers (cf. TS 36.300)

Application / Service Layer

UL Traffic Flow Aggregates DL Traffic Flow Aggregates

UL-TFT DL-TFT
UL-TFT RB-ID DL-TFT S5/S8-TEID
RB-ID S1-TEID S1-TEID S5/S8-TEID

UE eNodeB
eNB Serving GW PDN GW
Radio Bearer S1 Bearer S5/S8 Bearer

Figure 27 : Two Unicast EPS bearers (GTP-based S5/S8)

17 S8 est la version en roaming de linterface S5, liaison entre la S-GW du rseau visit et la PDN-GW du rseau home de labonn (UE)

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Send/Rcv Send/Rcv

Application / Service Level

IP

Scope of the standardized PCEF

PDN
UE QCI characteristics Backbone Server
GW

Access Network (A side)

Send/Rcv Send/Rcv

Application / Service Level

IP

Scope of the standardized PCEF

PDN PCEF
PDN Scope of the standardized
UE QCI characteristics Backbone UE
GW GW QCI characteristics

Access Network (A side) Access Network (B side)

Figure 28 : Porte du QCI dans le rseau

QCI Resource Priority Packet Packet Example Services

Type Delay Error Loss
Budget Rate
-2
1 2 100 ms 10 Conversational Voice
-3 Conversational Video (Live
2 4 150 ms 10
GBR Streaming)
-3
3 3 50 ms 10 Real Time Gaming
-6 Non-Conversational Video
4 5 300 ms 10
(Buffered Streaming)
-6
5 1 100 ms 10 IMS Signalling
Video (Buffered
Streaming), TCP-based (e.g.,
6 6 -6
300 ms 10 www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
sharing, progressive video, etc.)
Voice, Video (Live
7 Non-GBR -3 Streaming)
7 100 ms 10
Interactive Gaming
Video (Buffered
8 8 Streaming), TCP-based (e.g.,
-6
300 ms 10 www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file,
9 9 sharing, progressive video, etc.)

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N ot m o re th an 15 d igits

3 d igits 2 or 3

MCC MNC M S IN
NM S I
IM S I

Figure 29 : reprsentation IMSI

18 Tracking Area Code

19 E-UTRAN Cell Identifier

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Figure 30 : IMSI, GUTI, EGCI, Global eNB ID et TA ID

Figure 281 : Relation entre le GUTI, le GUMI et le MME ID

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20 Information Element

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21 Uplink GPRS Tunneling Protocol Tunnel End Point IDentifier

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22 MS : Mobile Station, la station mobile

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23 Confre 2.3.4 P.32 pour connaitre comment cette liste est remplie et mise jour

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24 Voir page 32 Rsum sur la Tracking Area

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25 Cette section peut tre mieux comprise en se servant du schma de la page 31- Rsum sur la tracking area

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Control Plane
Iu - P S C o n t r o l P la n e
Radio
Network S1-AP RANAP
Layer
S C C P -S A P

SCCP
SCTP
M 3U A
Transport IP
SCTP
Network
Layer Data link layer IP

Physical layer D a t a L in k


Figure 32 : comparaison piles protocolaires interfaces S1 et Iu (control plane)

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26 Sous entendu le message HANDOVER REQUEST comme ID (qui nous intresse) MME S1 AP ID

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UE eNodeB MME Serving GW PDN GW PCRF

1. PCRF Initiated IP-CAN

(A) Session Modification, begin

2. Create Dedicated Bearer Request

3. Create Dedicated Bearer Request

4. Bearer Setup Request/
Session Management Request

5. RRC Connection Reconfiguration

6. RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

7. Bearer Setup Response

8. Direct Transfer
9. Session Management Response
10. Create Dedicated Bearer Response
11. Create Dedicated Bearer Response
12. PCRF Initiated IP-CAN
Session Modification, end
(B)

Figure 29 : Dedicated Bearer Activation Procedure

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UE eNodeB MME Serving GW PDN GW PCRF

(A) 1. PCRF Initiated IP-CAN

Session Modification, begin

2. Update Bearer request

3. Update Bearer Request

4. Bearer Modify Request/
Session Management Request
5. RRC Connection Reconfiguration

6. RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

7. Bearer Modify Response

8. Direct Transfer
9. Session Management Response
10. Update Bearer Response
11. Update Bearer response
12. PCRF Initiated IP-CAN
Session Modification, end
(B)

Figure 30 : Bearer Modification Procedure with Bearer QoS Update

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UE eNodeB MME Serving GW PDN GW PCRF HSS

1. Insert Subscriber data

1a. Insert Subscriber data Ack
. 2a. UE Ctxt Update
2b. Update Bearer Request

3. Update Bearer Request

(A) 4. PCEF Initiated IP-CAN

Session Modification

5. Update Bearer Request

6. Procedure as in TS 23.401, steps 3 to 10 of

Figure 5.4.2.1-1 or steps 3 to 8 of Figure 5.4.3-1

(B)
7. Update Bearer Response
8. Provision Ack

Figure 31 : HSS Initiated Subscribed QoS Modification

UE eNodeB MME Serving GW PDN GW PCRF

1. PCRF Initiated IP-CAN

(A) Session Modification, begin

2. Update Bearer Request

3. Update Bearer Request

4. Downlink NAS Transport

5. Direct Transfer

6. Direct Transfer
7. Uplink NAS Transport

8. Update Bearer Response

9. Update Bearer Response

10. PCRF Initiated IP-CAN
(B ) Session Modification, end

Figure 32 : Bearer Modification Procedure without Bearer QoS Update

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UE eNodeB MME SGSN Serving GW PDN GW PCRF

1. IP-CAN Session
(A)
Modification

2. Delete Bearer Request
3a. Delete Bearer Request

3b. Delete Bearer Request

4. Deactivate Bearer Request

5. Radio Bearer Release Request

6a. Radio Bearer Release Response

6b. Deactivate Bearer Response

7a. Direct Transfer

7b. Deactivate EPS Bearer Context Accept

8a. Delete Bearer Response
8b. Delete Bearer Response

9. Delete Bearer Response

10. IP-CAN Session
(B) Modification

Figure 33 : PDN GW Initiated Bearer Deactivation, UE in active mode

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UE eNodeB MME Serving GW PDN GW PCRF

0. Radio Bearer Release

1. Indication of Bearer Release

2. Request Bearer Deactivation

3. Request Bearer Deactivation

(A)
4. PCEF Initiated IP-CAN
Session Modification

5. Delete Bearer Request

6. Delete Bearer Request

7. Procedure as in TS 23.401,
Figure 5.4.4-1, between step 4 and step 7
and step 9
8. Delete Bearer Response

9. Delete Bearer (B)

Response

Figure 34 : MME initiated Dedicated Bearer Deactivation

UE eNodeB MME Serving GW PDN GW PCRF

1. Request Bearer Resource Modification

2. Request Bearer Resource Modification

3. Request Bearer Resource Modification

(A) 4. PCEF Initiated IP-CAN
Session Modification, begin

5. Dedicated bearer activation or Dedicated bearer modification procedure as per Figure

5.4.{1,2,3}-1, between 2 and 9, or Dedicated bearer deactivation procedure as per Figure
5.4.4.1-1, from step 2 to 9
6. PCEF Initiated IP-CAN
Session Modification, end

Figure 35 : UE requested bearer resource modification

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Figure 36 : Connectivit entre le rseau daccs et le cur et S1-flex

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2G 2nd Generation GSM Global System for Mobile

3G 3rd Generation communication
3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project GTP GPRS Tunnelling Protocol
GTP-C GPRS Tunnelling Protocol for Control
Plane
ACK Acknowledgement GTP-U GPRS Tunnelling Protocol for User
ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio Plane
AKA Authentication and Key Agreement GUMMEI Globally Unique MME Identifier
AM Acknowledge Mode GUTI Globally Unique Temporary Identifier
AMBR Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate GW Gateway
APN Access Point Name
APN-AMBR APN Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate
ARQ Automatic Repeat Request HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
AS Access Stratum HFN Hyper Frame Number
HLR Home Location Register
HO Handover
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel HRPD High Rate Packet Data
BCH Broadcast Channel HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
BER Bit Error Ratio HSS Home Subscriber Server
BS Base Station HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access
BSR Buffer Status Reports
BTS Base Transceiver Station
ID Identifier/ Identity
IE Information Element
CCCH Common Control Channel IMSI International Mobile Subscriber
CCH Control Channel Identity
CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel IP Internet Protocol
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CGI Common Gateway Interface
CGI Cell Global Identifier L1 Layer 1 (physical layer)
CMC Connection Mobility Control L2 Layer 2 (data link layer)
CN Core Network L3 Layer 3 (network layer)
CP Cyclic Prefix LB Load Balancing
C-plane Control Plane LCR Low Chip Rate
CQI Channel Quality Indicator LLC Logical Link Control
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check LTE Long Term Evolution
C-RNTI Cell RNTI
CS Circuit Switched

MAC Medium Access Control

DCCH Dedicated Control Channel
DCH Dedicated Channel MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast
DL Downlink Service
DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
DPCH Dedicated Physical Channel MBR Maximum Bit Rate
DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DRX Discontinuous Reception MCC Mobile Country Code
DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel
MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
MIB Master Information Block
ECGI E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
ECM EPS Connection Management MME Mobility Management Entity
EMM EPS Mobility Management MMEC MME Code
eNB E-UTRAN NodeB MNC Mobile Network Code
eNodeB Evolved Node B M-TMSI M-Temporary Mobile Subscriber
EPC Evolved Packet Core Identity
EPS Evolved Packet System MSISDN Mobile Subscriber Identification
E-RAB E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer Number
ESM EPS Session Management
E-UTRA Evolved UTRA NACK Negative Acknowledgement
E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN NAS Non-Access Stratum
NCL Neighbour Cell List
NSS Network Sub System
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing
FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing
OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division
GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network Multiple Access

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SR Scheduling Request
PACCH Packet Associated Control Channel SRB Signalling Radio Bearer
PCCH Paging Control Channel S-TMSI S-Temporary Mobile Subscriber
PCH Paging Channel Identity
PCEF Policy and Charging Enforcement SU Scheduling Unit
Function
PCO Protocol Configuration Options
PCRF Policy and Charging Rules Function TB Transport Block
PD Protocol Discriminator TCP Transmission Control Protocol
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel TDD Time Division Duplex
PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol TEID Tunnel Endpoint Identifier
PDN Packet Data Network TFT Traffic Flow Template
PDN GW Packet Data Network Gateway TI Transaction Identifier
PDP Packet Data Protocol TM Transparent Mode
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber
PDU Protocol Data Unit Identities
P-GW PDN Gateway TNL Transport Network Layer
PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator TTI Transmission Time Interval
CHannel
PHY Physical layer
PHY Physical layer UDP User Datagram Protocol
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network UE User Equipment
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol UE-AMBR UE-Aggregate Maximum Bitrate
PRACH Physical Random Access CHannel UL Uplink
PRB Physical Resource Block UM Un-acknowledge Mode
PS Packet Switched UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication
PSC Packet Scheduling System
PTI Procedure Transaction Identity U-plane User plane
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control CHannel URAN UMTS Radio Access Network
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

QCI QoS Class Identifier X2-C X2-Control plane

QoS Quality of Service X2-U X2-User plane
QPSK Quadrature (Quaternary) Phase Shift
Keying

RAB Radio Access Bearer

RACH Random Access Channel
RA-RNTI Random Access RNTI
RAT Radio Access Technology
RB Radio Bearer
REL RELease
Rel-8 Release 8
RF Radio Frequency
RL Radio Link
RLC Radio Link Control
RNC Radio Network Controller
RNL Radio Network Layer
RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identity
ROHC Robust Header Compression
RR Radio Resources
RRC Radio Resource Control
RRM Radio Resource Management

S1AP S1 Application Protocol

S1-MME S1 for the control plane
S1-U S1 for the user plane
SAE System Architecture Evolution
SAP Service Access Point
SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division
Multiple Access
SCH Synchronization Channel
SCTP Signalling Common Transport
Protocol
SDF Service Data Flow
SDMA Spatial Division Multiple Access
SDU Service Data Unit
SFN System Frame Number
S-GW Serving Gateway
SI System Information
SN Sequence Number
SPID Subscriber Profile ID for
RAT/Frequency Priority

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