NAE Grand Challenge oil spills effects on marine environment

Introduction

Oil spills can cause a wide range of impacts in the marine environment and are often portrayed

by the media as environmental disasters with dire consequences predicted for the survival of

marine flora and fauna. Oil can kill marine organisms, reduce their fitness through sub lethal

effects, and disrupt the structure and function of marine communities and ecosystems. This

report goal is to give comparison and contrast between two articles on the challenge oil spills

effects on marine environment

Comparison and contrast of the journal articles

The two articles that will be compared are one is J. Farrington [1] article titled Oil

Pollution in the Marine Environment. Secondly there is D. Moulder [2] article titled a

bibliography on the nature, application, effects and testing of chemicals used against oil spilled

in the marine environment.

Problem identification

The two journal articles acknowledge that Marine ecosystems change naturally on a variety of

time scales, ranging from hours to millennia, and on space scales ranging from meters to that of

ocean basins. The author in first article give asserts that there are many causes of ecological

change aside from oil pollution, including human disturbance, physical habitat alteration, other

pollution. The author in second article observes that time scales at which oil affects the ocean

range from days to years or even decades for some spills; chronic pollution occurs over years to
decades. Oil spills affect the oceans at spatial scales of tens of square meters to thousands of

square kilometers; chronic oil pollution can affect areas as small as a few square centimeters and

as large as thousands of square kilometers.

Proposed solutions

The author in first article give

The author in second article give

Methods

The writers in both articles include canny articles from various analysts around the globe. Due to

the mind-boggling nature of biological mixes, it is further hard to anticipate potential effects of

environmental contaminants in perspective of instrumental examination alone. Such deficiencies

incited to the change of new and choice methodologies, which apply common frameworks to

choose these blends. For example for such improvements gives the deposit quality gathering of

three approach an effect based approach that unites measures of various chemicals, potential

toxicities, and benthic gathering structures.

Findings

The author of the second article asserts that oil spills can affect the earth, the economy,

wellbeing and furthermore the general public all in all. Many spills have been recorded in the

logical and specialized writing however not the greater part of the impacts of oil contamination
are totally comprehended and archived a sign of the conceivable scale term of harm can normally

be found in the data accessible.

Conclusion

REFERENCE

[1]J. Farrington, "Oil Pollution in the Marine Environment II: Fates and Effects of Oil Spills",

Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 16-31, 2014

[2] D. Moulder, "Oil-spill chemicals: a bibliography on the nature, application, effects and

testing of chemicals used against oil spilled in the marine environment", Marine Pollution

Bulletin, vol. 11, no. 12, p. 368, 2015.