085 Shunya Samadhi PDF

’kwU; lekf/k
ekü;rkvkX ls eqfDr
esjs fiz; vk®eu]
t,ls va/sj eX dksB vpkud fn;k tyk ns vk,j tgka dqN Hh fn[kB u i\Lrk gks o
gka lHh dqN fn[kB i\Lus yxs] ßls gh thou ds va/dkj eX lekf/ dk nh;k g,4
;k t,ls fdlh eQ¬Fy eX o"k˜ u gqB gks] /jrh ds izk< î;kl ls r\Lirs gkX] vk,j
fGj vpkud es? f?j tkS vk,j o"kZ dh cwanX i\Lus yxX3blls ml eQ¬Fy ds e
u eT t,lh 'kafr vk,j t,lk vkuan ukp mOs] o,ls gh thou ds eQ¬Fy ds eu eX
lekf/ dh o"kZ g,4
;k t,ls dksB ejk gqvk vpkud thfor gks tkS] vk,j tgka æokl u pyrh gks] o
gka æokl pyus yxs4 tgka vka[X u [qyrh gkX] ogka vka[X [qy tkS4 vk,j tgka th
ou frjksfgr gks x;k Fk] ogC okfil mlds inpki lqukB i\Lus yxX] ßlk gh ejs
gqS thou eX lekf/ dk vkxeu g,4
lekf/ ls †;knk eg®oiw<Z thou eX dqN Hh ugC g,4 lekf/ ds fcuk u rks dksB
vkuafnr fey ldrk g,] u 'kafr fey ldrh g,] u l®; fey ldrk g,4 lekf/
dks le> ysuk blhfyS cgqr mi;ksxh g,] D;kXfd lekf/ mu Fks\Lh lh ckrkX eX ls
g,] ftls le> ysuk gh dkGh ugC g,4 mueX ls gksdj xqtjX rks gh mls le> Hh
ldrs gT4
t,ls dksB unh ds rI ij [\Lk gks vk,j ge dgX fd vkvks rqégX r,juk fl[k nX vk,
j og dgs fd igys eT r,juk lh[ ywa] rHh ikuh eX mrWaxk4 igys eT le> ywa] f
Gj ikuh eX mrWa4 rks dksB rdZ mldk xyr u gksxk3Ohd dgrk g, og4 fcuk
r,juk tkus dksB ikuh eX mrjus dks jkth Hh d,ls gksxk`
ysfdu cgqr c\Lh dfOukB g,4 dfOukB rks g, gh] fl[kus okys dh Hh dfOukB g,4
fcuk ikuh eX mrjs r,juk fl[k;k d,ls tk ldrk g,` fl[kus okyk dgsxk fd m
rj vkvks igys] D;kXfd fcuk ikuh eX mrjs r,juk u lh[ ldksxs4 rks og Hh xy
r ugC dgrk4 vk,j ftls lh[uk gks og dgrk g, H;Hhr gwa eT] fcuk r,js mrWax
k ugC3igys r,juk lh[ ywa] rc mrj ldrk gwa4
lekf/ dh ckr Hh dqN ßlh gh g,4 lekf/ eX fxjs fcuk dqN Hh irk ugC pyr
k4 ysfdu ge tkuuk pkgXxs fdukjs ij [\Ls gksdj fd D;k g, lekf/` rc eT br
uk gh dgus dh dksf'' dWaxk fd 'çn tks ugC dg ldrs gT] ftls dgus dk dks
B jk¬rk ugC g,] og g, lekf/4
lquk g, eTus3Sd Gdhj ds ikl dksB x;k Fk4 og iwNus yxk Fk fd rqe lekf/
dh ckr dgrs gks] ÷;ku dh ckr djrs gks] D;k g, og` eq>s le>kvks] crkvks4
Gdhj vka[ [ksys c,Ok Fk] vc r®dky vka[ can dj yh4 ml vkneh us dgk] ;
g Hh [wc jgk4 de ls de vka[ [ksys Fs] vka[ rks [ksyks` eT tkuus vk;k gwa f
d lekf/ D;k g,` ÷;ku D;k g,` ftldh fnu jkr ckr djrs gks] dqN rks crkv
ks2
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og Gdhj c,Ok Fk] Sdne fxj x;k4 ml vkneh us dgk] dj D;k jgs gks` d
gC ej er tkuk4 eT rks flGZ lekf/ ds fo"; eX iwNus vk;k gwa4
ml Gdhj us vka[ [ksyh vk,j dgk] eT crkus dh gh dksf'' dj jgk gwa4 ml vk
neh us dgk] ßls ugC] 'çnkX ls gh crk ns4
rks Gdhj dgus yxk] 'çnkX eX4 tks 'çnkX eX dgk tk ldrk g,] og lekf/ ds la
ca/ eX dqN Hh u gksxk4 blfyS eTus rqégX djds crk;k4
ysfdu dksB vka[ can dj ys] dksB fxj tkS rks Hh D;k irk pysxk` ugC2 gek
jh gh vka[ can gks vk,j ge fxj tkS] rks dqN u gksxk4 u dsoy ckgj ls] cf¥d
Hhrj ls Hh fxj tkS vk,j fc[j tkS4 t,ls dksB cwan fdlh lkxj eX [ks tkS
;k t,ls dksB cht fdlh feÈh eX Lwc tkS4 ßlk gekjs Hhrj ?fIr gks] rks gh g
e igpku ikSaxs fd lekf/ D;k g,4
ysfdu dqN b'kjs Hh fdS tk ldrs gT4 lqcg dqN b'kjs dWaxk vk,j lka> pkgwaxk
fd ge lc lkF lekf/ eX izos' djX4 rks ftudh lquus eX m®lqdrk g,] os flGZ]
lqcg gh vkSaxs4 ftudh r,jus eX Hh m®lqdrk g,] tks tkuuk Hh pkgrs gT] os lka
> Hh vkSaxs4 lqcg ge ckr djXxs vk,j lka> ¬okn ysus dh dksf'' djXxs4
Sd NksIh lh ?Iuk ls eT 'qW djuk pkgrk gwa4
NksIk Fk4 ftuds ikl eT c\Lk gqvk] nqHkZ≈; ls ;k lk,Hk≈; ls] os cgqr t¥nh nqfu;
k ls fcnk gks xS4 lkr gh o"Z dk Fk4 eTus mügX /hjs7/hjs ejrs ns[k4 os Sd fn
u eX ugC ejs4 igys mudh ok<h [ks x;h] fGj mudh vka[X can gks x;h4 fGj os
csgks' gks xS vk,j pk,chl ?aIs rd csgks' jgs4 mlh csgks'h eX /hjs7/hjs t,ls dks
B nhS dk rsy pqdrk tkS vk,j pqdrk tkS yk, /heh gksrh pyh tkS o,ls gh /
hjs7/hjs os Lwcs vk,j [ks xS4 mudks gh eTus pkgk vk,j izse fd;k Fk muds ikl gh
c\Lk gqvk Fk4 ml {< rks ßlk gh yxk Fk fd c\Lk nqHkZ≈; gqvk4 ysfdu irk u
gC] nqHkZ≈; cgqr ckj lk,Hk≈; Hh cu tkrk gT4
esjs fyS e1®;q dh ;g igyh ?Iuk Fh4 lkjk ?j rks jksus yxk] nq[h vk,j ihf\Lr
gksus yxk4 ij eq>s fujarj Sd gh ckr eu eX jgus yxh fd vxj og ugC jgs]
rks vc esjs jgus dh Hh D;k tWjr` vk,j ftls eTus izse fd;k og ugC gT rks
vc eT Hh u jgwa4 eq>s jksuk Hh u lw>k4 vkt le> eX vkrk g, fd jksdj ge nq
[ izdI djrs gT] 'k;n nq[ dks cgkus dh dksf'' djrs gT4 vc eT le> ikrk
gwa fd jks /ksdj] ph[ fp¥ykdj tks ih\Lk ge ij mrjh g, mlls NqIdkjk ik ysrs
gT4 og fudy tkrh g,4
eT ugC jks ldk5 D;kXfd eq>s yxk fd vxj dksB] ftls eTus pkgk g,] lekîr gks
x;k g,] rc eT Hh lekîr gks tkMa4 vk,j eq>s Hh thus dh dksB tWjr ugC g,4
mügX yksx ej?I ys xS vk,j eq>s ?j eX can dj xS4 NksIk cπpk lkspdj fd eT
ej?I tkMa] irk ugC ej?I dks ns[wa] d,lk eu ij vk?kr yxs2 mügX eT izse

’kwU; lekf/k
djrk Fk] mügX tyrs ns[wa2 ysfdu tc ?j ds yksx pys xS] rks eT Hh pqipki i
hNs ds jk¬rs ls ej?I igqap x;k4
eq>s dqN iDdk irk u Fk fd ogka D;k gksus dks g,4 Lj ls fd ?j ds yksx ukjk
t gkXxs] fNidj Sd o1{ ij c,O dj eTus mügX tyrs ns[k4 yk,I vk;k4 ml jkr
eT Sd gh izkFZuk ysdj lks x;k fd eT Hh ej tkMa4 Hxoku ßlk dj fd eT Hh
ej tkMa4 tc rd eq>s jkr uCn ugC yxh] Sd gh ckr esjs eu eX xwatrh jgh
fd eT Hh ej tkMa] eq>s Hh lekîr gks tkuk g,4
dc eq>s uCn yxh] irk ugC4 ysfdu uCn eX] eX Hh esjk eu ;gh ¬oj nksgjkrk
jgk fd eT tkMa2 eT ej tkMa2 eT ej tkMa2 dksB jkr ds nks ;k rhu cts vpku
d esjh uCn IwIh4 eq>s yxk fd og] ftl eT dg jgk Fk fd ej tkMa] og ej
x;k g,4 lc ej x;k g,4 gkF fgyk ugC ldrk gwa] vka[ [ksy ugC ldrk gwa4 æo
kl dk dksB irk ugC pyrk4 'jhj g, Hh ;k ugC] bldk Hh irk ugC pyrk4
lc ej x;k g,4
ysfdu] Sd vk,j vkæp;Z fd lc ej x;k g,] fGj Hh eT gwa4 D;kXfd eq>s irk p
y jgk g, fd lc ej x;k g,4 nksukX ckr Sd lkF lc ej x;k g, vk,j fGj eT
gwa4 ;g Hh irk py jgk Fk fd eT gwa4 D;kXfd vxj eT ugC gwa] rks fdls ekywe i\
L jgk g, fd lc ej x;k g,4
NksIh lh mez Fh] ysfdu ml fnu ls e1®;q esjs fyS lekîr gks x;h4 ml fnu ds
ckn cgqr fiz;tu ejs] ysfdu fGj esjs fyS dksB ugC ejk4 nwljs fnu lqcg eT f
truh 'kafr vk,j vkuan ls Hjk Fk] o,lh 'kafr ml fnu rd eTus dHh ugC tkuh
Fh vk,j o,lk vkuan Hh u tkuk Fk4 Sd vuqHo ls gksdj xqtjk Fk ml fnu]
rks irk gh ugC Fk4 ysfdu vc yk,I dj dg ldrk gwa fd og lekf/ ds }kj i
j igyk >kaduk Fk4
lekf/ ds }kjk ij ftls >kaduk g,] mls Hhrj ejus dh izf∂;k ls xqtjuk i\Lrk
g,4 ysfdu ge lc ejus ls cgqr Ljs gqS yksx gT4 ge rks thou Hj blh dksf'
' eX jgrs gT fd dgC ej u tkS4 gekjk lkjk iz;kl Sd gh ckr ds fyS g, fd
ej u tkS4
ge e1®;q ls cpus ds iz;kl eX lay≈u gT4 gekjh iwjh Vtnxh] thus dh Vtnxh ugC
g,] ejus ls cpus dh Vtnxh g,4
gekjk /u] gekjs edku] gekjs fe_] gekjs fiz;tu] ;s lc e1®;q ds f[ykG gek
jh lqj{kvkX dh nhokyX gT4 blfyS ftl vkneh ds ikl ftruk /u g,] og vius
dks mruk gh lqjf{r vuqHo djrk g,4 ftlds ikl ftruk c\Lk fdys t,lk edku
gks] og mruh gh lqjf{r vuqHo djrk g,4 ftlds ikl l,fudkX dk igjk g,] o
g vius dks lqjf{r vuqHo djrk g,4 ftl vkneh ds ilk ftruh 'fDr gks] og
le>rk g, fd eT mruk gh lqjf{r gwa4 gekjh lkjh nk,\L ejus ls cpus ds fyS
g,] vk,j ;gh gekjk H; g,4

’kwU; lekf/k
nqfu;k eX nks gh rjg ds vkneh gT4 Sd os tks thrs gT] vk,j nwljs os tks ejus ls
cpus dk bartke djrs jgrs gT4 ysfdu tks ejus ls cpkus dk bartke djrk jg
rk g,] og ejus ls ugC cp ikrk4 e1®;q rks vkrh g,4 vk,j vkæp;Z ;g g, fd tks
thrk g,] og ejus ls cp tkrk g,4 D;kXfd tks thou dh ftruh xgjkb;kX eX mr
jrk g,] og ikrk g, fd e1®;q ugC g,4
e1®;q l®; dk vl®; g,4 mlls c\Lk dksB Hh vl®; ugC g,4
ysfdu] ge mlh ls H;Hhr gT vk,j mlh ls cpus dh dksf'' eX lay≈u gT4 Hkx
jgs gT] Hkx jgs gT fd ej u tkS4 blfyS ge /k√ed euq‘; ugC gks ikrs4 /k√e
d og g,] tks ejus ds fyS r,;kj g,4 og dgrk g,3ejuk gh g,] rks eT ej ds ns
[ ysuk pkgrk gwa4
lqdjkr ej jgk Fk4 fdlh us iwNk] rqe ?cjk ugC jgs gks` ek,r djhc vk jgh
g,4
rks lqdjkr us dgk3nks ckrX ugC gks ldrh4 ;k rks eT ej gh tkMaxk] dqN Hh u
cpsxk4 vk,j vxj ej gh tkMaxk] rks fGj H; d,lk` D;kXfd H; ds fyS cpu
k tWjh g,4 fGj nq[ d,lk` D;kXfd nq[ ds fyS Hh esjk gksuk tWjh g,4 fGj Lj
D;k g,` vxj eT ej gh x;k] dqN Hh u cpk] rks Lj ugC g,4 vxj eT cp gh
x;k vk,j ejus eX u ejk] rks fGj H; dk dksB loky ugC g,4 tc cp gh x;k
rks Lj d,lk` og tks ej x;k] og eT ugC Fk tkuwaxk vk,j tks cp x;k] ogh
eT gwa4
lqdjkr us dgk] nks gh ckrX gT ;k rks ej gh tkMaxk] rc Lj dk dksB mik; u
jgk vk,j vxj cp gh x;k] rc Hh rks Lj dh dksB ckr ugC g,4
ysfdu ge rks cgqr Ljs gqS gT] cgqr H;Hhr gT4 blfyS ge lekf/ ds ilk ugC
igqap ikrs gT4 lekf/ ds ikl ogC igqap ldrk g, tks ejus ds fyS r,;kj g,4
blfyS ge fdlh dh e1®;q ds ckn tc pcwrjk cukrs gT] rks mls Hh lekf/ dg
rs gT4 vk,j ÷;ku dh vkf[jh f¬Ffr dks Hh lekf/ dgrs gT4 nksukX eX dqN tks\L g,
4
tks vkneh thrs th vius dks dcz eX Lky nsrk g,] og lekf/ dks miyç/ gks tk
rk g,4 ysfdu thrs th dcz eX Lkyuk] thrs th ejus dh r,;kjh cgqr nqWg g,4
eTus lquk g,3fel eX Sd vkJe Fk4 ml vkJe ds uhps gh ej?I Fk4 tehu dks
[ksndj ej?I cuk;k x;k Fk4 gtkjkX o"Z iqjkuk vkJe Fk4 tc dksB fH{q ej
tkrk] rks i®Fj m[k\L dj mls uhps ds ej?I eX Lky dj] pÈku can dj nsrs
Fs4 Sd ckj Sd fH{q ejk4 ysfdu dqN Hwy gks x;h4 og ejk ugC Fk4 flGZ cs
gks' gqvk Fk4 mls ej?I eX Lky fn;k x;k vk,j pÈku can dj nh x;h4 ikap N
g ?aIs ckn ml ek,r dh nqfu;k eX mldh vka[X [qyC4 og gks' eX vk x;k4 mld
h eqlhcr dks ge lksp ldrs gT4 lksp yX] fd ge mldh txg gT4 ogka flGZ yk
'X gh yk'X gT4 gfÒ;ka] dh\Ls edks\Ls vk,j nqxΩ/2 ml ø;fDr dks irk g, fd tc r

’kwU; lekf/k
d Mij vk,j dksB u ej] rc rd ej?I dk }kj u [qysxk4 mls ;g Hh irk g,

fd vc og fdruk gh fp¥ykS] mldh vkokt Mij rd ugC igqapsxh4 D;kXfd
vkJe ehy Hj nwj g,4 fGj Hh og fp¥yk;k vk,j ej?I ij vkJe ds yksx rH
h vkrs gT tc dksB ejrk g,4
vk,j ej?I dk }kj can g,4 fGj og tkurs gqS fp¥ykrk4 ge Hh cgqr ckj tku
rs gqS fp¥ykrs gT fd vkokt ugC igqapsxh4 eafnjkX eX yksx fp¥yk jgs gT tkurs gq
S fd vkokt dgC ugC igqapsxh4 eafnjkX eX yksx fp¥yk jgs gT tkurs gqS fd vkok
t dgC ugC igqapsxh4 vkneh tkurs gqS Hh fp¥ykS pyk tkrk g,4 tgka vk'k u
gC g,] ogka Hh vk'k fdS pyk tkrk g,4
og vkneh Hh cgqr fp¥yk;k cgqr fp¥yk;k2 mldk xk Wa/ x;k] vkokt can gks
x;h4 'k;n ge lkspXxs fd ml vkneh us vk®eg®;k dj yh gksxh4 ysfdu ugC]
ml vkneh us vk®eg®;k ugC dh4 og vkneh Fks\Ls3cgqr fnu ugC] lkr lky
rd ml dcz ds Hhrj Vtnk jgk4 d,ls Vtnk jgk` mlus l\Lh gqB yk'kX dks [kuk
'qW dj fn;k4 ej?I dh nhokykX ls ikuh pwrk Fk] og ihus yxk4 bl izrh{k
eX fd dHh u dHh rks dksB ejsxk gh4 }kj rks [qysxk gh3vkt ugC rks dy] d
y ugC rks ijlkX4 dc lwjt mxrk g,] mls irk ugC pyrk Fk4 dc jkr vkrh]
mls irk ugC pyrk Fk4 lkr o"Z ckn dksB ejk4
pÈku mOk;h x;h4 og vkneh ckgj fudyk4 ckgj [kyh gkF ugC fudyk4 felz
eT fjokt g, fd ejus okys vkneh dks u;s di\Ls iguk fnS tkrs gT4 vk,j mlds
'c ds lkF nks pkj dherh di\Ls j[ fnS tkrs gT4 dqN QiS i,ls Hh j[ fnS
tkrs gT4 mlus lc eqnk˜ ds id\Ls i,ls bdØs dj fyS Fs fd tc fudysxk] rc ys
rk pyk tkSxk4 og Sd c\Lh iksIyh cka/ dj di\Ls vk,j Sd c\Lh F,yh eX lc
QiS Hj dj ckgj vk;k4 mls dksB igpku ugC ldk4 yksx ?cjkdj Hkxus yxs
fd ;g dk,u g,` mlds cky tehu Nwus yxs Fs mldh vka[kX dh iydX bruh c\
Lh gks x;h FC fd vka[X [qyrh ugC FC4 mlus dgk] Hkxrs gks` igpkuk ugC`
eT ogh gwa] ftls rqe lkr lky igys xk\L xS Fs4 mügkXus dgk] ysfdu rqe Vtnk
d,ls gks` vxj Ng ?aIs ckn gks' eX vk xS Fs] rks cps d,ls` lkr lky rd ej
?I eX d,ls jgs` ml vkneh us dgk] ejuk bruk vklku ugC g,4 eT Hh ;gh lks
prk jgk2 vxj dksB ml ej?I eX fxjk gksrk] rks thus ds ctk;k ej x;k gksrk
4 ysfdu vc dg ldrk gwa fd ejuk bruk vklku ugC g, eTus thus dh iwjh dksf
'' dh4 vk,j thus ds fyS eTus tks tks fd;k] og Hh ?cjkus okyk g,4 vkt vx
j fGj ls lkspwa rks 'k;n u dj ikMa4
ge Hh lkspXxs fd d,lk vkneh jgk gksxk` ysfdu og vkneh Ohd gekjs t,lk gh
Fk4 ge Hh mldh txg gksrs] rks ;gh djrs4 vk,j ftls ge Vtnxh dg jgs gT]
D;k ml ej?I ls cgqr fHU g,` ftls ge Hkstu dg jgs gT` D;k og ml ej
?I eX fdS xS Hkstu ls cgqr fHU g,` ftls ge di\Ls vk,j QiS dk bdØk dj

’kwU; lekf/k
uk dg jgs gT] og Hh D;k eqnk˜ ls Nhus xS QiS vk,j di\Ls ugC gT` ge dgX ;k
u dgX] eqn∆ ds di\Ls vk,j QiS Nhuus dks ge lc m®lqd gT4
ge jk‘I≠ifr dks 'qHdkeukSa Hh nsrs gT] mlds tüe fnu ij mls Gwy ekykSa Hh
igukrs gT vk,j eX Hxoku ls tkus vutkus izkFZuk Hh djrs gT fd dc rd fIds
xk ;g` D;kXfd og fcnk gks rks mldh ejh gqB dqlñ fdlh dks feys tc fn¥yh
eX dksB ejrk g,] rks tks yksx psgjs yIdkS] vkalw Hjs gqS] ej?I dh rjG ys
tkrs ekywe i\Lrs gT] os gh r,;kjh Hh dj jgs gksrs gT fd yk,Idj vkMa vk,j ejh
gqB dqlñ ij c,O tkMa4 dgC ßlk u gks fd dksB nwljk ml ij c,O tkS4 ej?I
ij ys tkrs oDr Hh bl ckr dh gks\L jgrh g, fd eqn∆ dks lcls igys dk,u gk
F nsxk6 D;kXfd dqlñ ij mldk dçtk gksxk4
eTus lquk g, fd xka/h ejs] rks ftl ITd ij p\Pk dj mügX ys tk;k x;k Fk] ml
ij [\Ls gksus dh Hh izfr;ksfxrk Fh fd dk,u7dk,u usrk ml ij [\Ls gkX4
ftldks ge Vtnxh dgrs gT] og Hh Sd c\Lk ej?I g,] ftleX D;w g, ejus okykX
dk3dksB vHh ejsxk] dksB Fks\Lh nsj ckn] dksB dy] dksB ijlkX] ysfdu ejXxs
lc4 blfyS tks edku gT gekjs ikl] og eqnk˜ ls Nhus gqS gT4 gekjs tks di\Ls gT]
og Hh2 vk,j tks /u g,] og Hh2 lc dqN eqnk˜ ls gh rks Nhuk x;k g,4
tgka Hh ge th jgs gT fcuk fdlh vkuan dks tkus] fcuk fdlh 'kafr dks ikS th
jgs gT4 ysfdu flGZ Sd vk'k eX fd 'k;n dy rks vkuan feys] 'k;n dy 'kaf
r feys] dy dqN fey tkS6 rks dy rd thus dh dksf'' djks4 fdlh Hh Hkafr
dy rd th yX] 'k;n dqN fey tkS2 ysfdu eT vkils ;g dguk pkgrk gwa fd
tks ejus ds fyS r,;kj ugC g,] mls dqN fey tuC ldsxk4 ysfdu ge ejus ls
brus H;Hhr gT fd ejus ls cgqr igys csgks' gks tkrs gT4 blfyS geX e1®;q dh
dksB ;kn ugC jg tkrh4 vk,j tüeus dh f∂;k geX bruh †;knk Ljk nsrh g, fd
ge csgks'h eX gh i,nk gksrs gT vk,j csgks'h eX gh ejrs gT4 blfyS mldh ¬e1fr u
gC cu ikrh4 blfyS fiNys tüe dh Hh ¬e1fr ugC jg tkrh4 fiNys tüe dh ¬
e1fr u jg tkus ds vk,j dksB dkj< ugC gT4 fiNys tüe dh ¬e1fr u jg tkus d
k Sd gh dkj< g, fd chp eX vk;h e1®;q eX ge brus H;Hhr gks xS fd csgks'
gks xS4 ml csgks'h dk tks varjky g,] mlus ¬e1fr dks nks fg¬lkX eX rks\L fn;k g,
4 fiNyh ¬e1fr vyx IwI x;h4 ;g ¬e1fr vyx IwI x;h4 chp eX bruk c\Lk var
jky i\L x;k fd nksukX dks tks\Luk eqfædy g,4 gka] dksB ejus dh dyk lh[ tkS
rks fiNys tüe dks ¬ej< dj ldrk g,4 D;kXfd rc fGj og ml varjky dks tks\
L ldrk g,4 tüe ls Hh ge csgks' gT4 cgqr ckj tüe gT ysfdu csgks' tües gT4
D;kXfd tüe Hh] ;g tku dj g,jkuh gksxh] cπps dks e1®;q t,lk gh ekywe gksrk
g,4 tc Sd cπpk eka ds isI ls tüerk g,] rks ml cπps dks e1®;q t,lh izrhr gks
rh g,4 og blfyS e1®;q t,lh izrhr gksrh g, fd ftls mlus uk, eghus rd thou
le>k] og var ij vk x;k4 ftls mlus thou ekuk] og vc lekîr gks jgk g,4

’kwU; lekf/k
vk,j vkxs ds thou dk rks mls dqN Hh irk guC g,4 vkxs rks H; g,4 eka ds isI
dk lkjk vkjke] lkjh lqfo/k lkjk lq[ fNu jgk g,4 mldh nqfu;k ls og mOk
;k tk jgk g,]] lc t\LX IwI tkSxh4 rks ftls ge tüe dgrs gT] og e1®;q dh r
jg gh izrhr gksrk g,] blfyS cπpk Hh csgks' gh tüerk g,4 og gks' eX ugC gks
rk4 vk,j ftls ge e1®;q dgrs gT] og tüe gh g,] fdlh vk,j vFZ eX2 ysfdu ge
Hh csgks' ejrs gT4 D;kXfd geX yxrk g, fd tks Fk] og NwI jgk g,4 vk,j tks tk
Sxk] og rks ifjfpr g,4 vkSxk Hh ;k ugC vkSxk` irk ugC D;k gksxk`
gj e1®;q tüe g, vk,j gj tüe e1®;q g,4 bl txr eX u rks dqN lekîr gksrk g,
vk,j u dqN 'qW gksrk g,4 ftls ge 'qQvkr dgrs gT] og fdlh pht dh lekfîr
gksrh g,4 vk,j ftls ge lekfîr dgrs gT] og Hh fdlh pht dh 'qQvkr g,4
ftls ge lka> dgrs gT og fnu dk var g, vk,j jkr izkjaH g,4 ftls lqcg dgrs
gT] og jkr dk var g, fnu dk izkjaH g,4 txr eX dqN Hh iw<Z var dks ugC igqap
rk vk,j dqN Hh igyk izkjaH ugC g,4 bl txr eX var g,] izkjaH g,4 izkjaH g,] va
r g,4
dksB phu u dgC tkdj lekîr gksrh g,] vk,j u dgC 'qW gksrh g,4 blhfyS th
ou vuar g,4
ysfdu ejus dk Lj csgks' dj nsrk g,] vk,j ejus ds Lj ds dkj< gh ge lekf/
eX dHh izos' ugC dj ikrs4
fdrus yksx gT] tks eq>ls dgrs gT3vHh Sd fe_ dgrs Fs3vki ÷;ku dh ckr
rks dgrs gT] ysfdu vHh le> eX ugC vkrh4 mRj Hh ugC ikrs4 u gh mRj ik
Saxs4
tc rd eu dh cgqr xgjkB eX ejus dh r,;kjh u gks] rc rd lekf/ eX ugC
mrjk tk ldrk ysfdu tks yksx ÷;ku djus vkrs gT os blfyS djus vkrs gT fd
'k;n ÷;ku gh ejus ls cpus dh Sd rjdhc cu tkS4
os Hh ;g lksprs gT fd 'k;n ÷;ku ds }kjk vk®ek vej g,] ßlk irk py tkS4
ysfdu mlh dks irk pysxk]] tks ejus ds fyS r,;kj g,4 ÷;ku ls irk pysxk f
d vk®ek vej g,6 ysfdu mls ugC] tks flGZ vk®ek dh vejrk dk irk yxkus
pyk g,4 mls tks ejus ds fyS r,;kj g,] ejus dh r,;kjh mls ml txg igqapk ns
rh g,] tgka u ejus okys dk irk py tkrk g,4 blfyS lekf/ dks dHh Hh] dks
B miyç/ gqvk gks] rks lekf/ ds }kj ij e1®;q dk cks/ igyk pj< g,4
ysfdu ge e1®;q ds cks/ dks gIkS jgrs gT4 geus ej?I xkao ds ckgj cukS gT]
rkfd jkst7jkst fn[kB u i\LX4 gksuk rks pkfgS xkao ds chp eX ej?I] tgka ls g
j cπpk fudys] gj vkneh fudys4 fnu ex nks pkj ckj mls e1®;q dk [;ky v
k tkS4 geus mls xkao ds ckjg cuk;k g,3nj] lqjf{r fd irk u pys4
vHh Sd xkao eX x;k4 os c\Ls gksf';kj yksx gT4 mügkXus tks ej?I cuk;k g,] c\Lk
vπNk cuk;k g, fd tgka tkdj Hh vkidks ej?I dk irk u pys4 ogka Hh müg

’kwU; lekf/k
kXus cxhps yxkS gT] ykbczsjh cuk nh g,4 ogka tks yksx tkrs gT] os ogka Hh v[ck
j i\Prs jgrs gT4
ßls rks vHh Hh ge yksx tc ej?I ij tkrs gT] rks ogka nqfu;k Hj dh vk,j ck
rX djrs jgrs gT] ek,r dks Nks\L dj4 ek,r dks Nks\L nsrs gT4 vk,j lnk Sd [;ky
cukS j[rs gT fd lnk dksB vk,j djrk g,4 eT dHh ugC djrk gwa4 os nwljs dks
Nks\L nsrs gT] ;g Hh ej x;k] og Hh ej x;k4 eT dHh ugC djrk gwa4 nwljs ej
rs gT4 vk,j tc nl ikap vknfe;kX dks dksB ej?I igqapk vkrk g,] rks og vk,j v
kæo¬r gks tkrk g, fd eT d,ls eWaxk` eT rks nwljkX dks igqapkus dk dke djrk gwa4
fgIyj t,ls yksxkX dh euAf¬Ffr eX tks xgjs mrjs gT] mudk [;ky ;g g, fd ßls
yksx e1®;q ds Ljs gqS yksx gT] vk,j nwljkX dks ekj dj vkæoklu ikrs gT fd eTus
rks brus yksxkX dks ekj Lkyk] eq>s dk,u ekj ldrk g,`
paxst ;k r,ewj ;k fgIyj ;k eqlksfyuh ;k ¬I,fyu ;k ekvks] ;s lkjs ds lkjs yksx
e1®;q ls Ljs gqS yksx gT vk,j e1®;q ls cpus dh izf∂;k eX gh os nwljkX dks ekj j
gs gT4 vankt g, fd fgIyj us dksB ¶º7•º yk[ yksxkX dks lkjk4 ¬I,fyu us dksB
Sd djks\L yksxkX dks ekjk4
dksB Sd vkneh Sd djks\L yksxkX dks ekjs] rks og Sd vFZ eX ijek®ek t,lk g
ks tkrk g,4 mls yxrk g, fd eq>s dk,u feIk ldrk g,4 cgqr xgjs eX mls ;g vkæ
oklu feyrk g, fd eT feIkus okyk gwa4 eT feIus okyk ugC gwa4
ijek®ek t,lk vius dks vuqHo djus nks gh jk¬rs gT3;k rks ge feIkus eX mld
h gks\L dj yX] ;k cukus eX mldh gks\L dj yX4 rks cukus eX ge mlh gks\L ugC d
j ikrs gT4 fGj feIkus eX djuk vklku i\L tkrk g,4 rks feIk dj ge Bæoj t,ls
gksrs gT4
ysfdu g, e1®;q dk H;2 blfyS fgIyj t,lk vkneh tks brus yksxkX dks ekjrk g,
] og cgqr Ljk gqvk vkneh g,4 og jkr dejs eX fdlh dks izos' djus ugC nsrk
4
mlus viuh 'knh Hh u dh4 D;kXfd de ls de i®uh dks rks izos' djus nsuk gks
xk4 'knh ugC dh] blh Lj ls fd Sd ¬_h dejs eX vkuan nsuk i\Lsxk4 irk ugC]
¬_h /ks[k ns tkS4 tgj fiyk ns4 xksyh ekj ns4 nqæeu ls fey tkS4 fgIyj us
ejrs oDr fookg fd;k ejus ds ?aIs Hj igys2 tc c√yu gkj x;k vk,j tc f
gIyj tgka fNik Fk] mldks lc yksxkX ds lkeus gh can djus yxs vk,j nqæeu ds
gokB tgkt c√yu ds pDdj dkIus yxs] rc mlus vius Sd fe_ ls dgk fd
ml ¬_h dks fyok ykvks] ckjg o"Z ls esjs lkF fookg djus ds fyS izrh{k dj
jgh g,4 rc fe_kX us dgk fd vc D;k vFZ g,` ij mlus dgk fd vc eT fuHZ;
gwa4 vc ejuk fufæpr gh g,2 mls ys vkS4 Sd lksS gqS iknjh dks tcjn¬rh mO
k dj ys vk;k x;k vk,j uhps ds ry?j eX pkj Ng vknfe;kX ds lkeus fgIyj

’kwU; lekf/k
dk fookg gks x;k4 vk,j fookg ds ckn tks mügkXus lqgkxjkr dk igyk dke fd;
k] og Fk tgj ih ysuk4 nksukX tgj ihdj ej xS4 ysfdu rd og fufæpr Fk f
d vc fdlh dks brus fudI fy;k tk ldrk g,] vc dksB Lj ugC g,4
nqfu;k eX ftrus c\Ls g®;kjs gqS gT] os lc e1®;q ls Ljs gqS yksx Fs4 nwljs dh g®
;k de djrs gh blfyS gT fd ge vkæo¬r gks ldX fd eT ugC eWaxk4 esjh dksB
g®;k ugC dj ldrk4 geus tks ø;o¬Fk Btkn dh g, thou dh] ml ø;o¬Fk dks
vxj ge cgqr vk,j ls ns[X] rks ge ikSaxs fd ge e1®;q ls H;Hhr gT4 ysfdu ;
g lh/h ckr ge ugC dgrs4
cpiu dh eq>s ;kn g,] ftl ?Iuk dh ckr eTus dgh] mlds ckn e1®;q esjs fyS
loky u jgh4
cpiu dh eq>s ;kn g,] ftl ?Iuk dh ckr eTus dgh] mlds ckn e1®;q esjs fyS
loky u jgh4
laü;klh xkao eX vkS gqS Fs4 xkao eX c\Lh ppkZ Fh4 eT Hh mügX lquus x;k Fk4 os
vk®ek dh vejrk dh ckrX dgrs Fs4 ejs gqS vk,j ejus ls Ljs gqS yksxkX dks lc
ls izhfrdj ;gh yxrk g, fd ckj7ckj nksgjkvks vk,j le>kvks fd vk®ek vej g,
] os c\Ls izGqf¥yr gksrs gT4 blfyS ugC gksrs fd vk®ek vej g,4 blfyS fd mügX
fGj Sd vkneh us vkæoklu fn;k fd vk®ek vej g,4 Ljus dh dksB tWjr u
gC g,4
os le>k jgs Fs fd vk®ek vej g, vk,j eT ns[ jgk Fk fd xkao ds lc Ljs gqS
yksx vkuan ls mügX lqu jgs gT4 eTus [\Ls gksdj muls iwNk fd ¬okeh th] vkids
dc gT bjkns ejus ds`
mügkXus dgk] d,lh csgwnh ckr iwNrs gks` ;g dksB iwNus dh ckr g,`
vk,j xkao ds yksxkX us eq>ls dgk] ;g dksB iwNus dh ckr g,` ;g iwNuk v'qH g,
fdlh vkneh ls] ;g iwNuk] fd dc ejus ds bjkns g, ¬okeh th rks cgqr ukjkt
gks xS4 eTus dgk] eT rks ukprk Fk] os dg jgs gT3vk®ek vej g,] rks ejus dh
ckr ij ukjkt u gkXxs4 ysfdu ejus ds [;ky ls ukjkt gks xS4 os dgus yxs f
d bl rjg dh HnnZ ckr ugC iwNuh pkfgS4
vxj vk®ek vej g,] rks e1®;q Hnnh d,ls jg tkrh g,` fGj e1®;q jg gh ugC t
krh4 fxj e1®;q dh ckr v'ksHu ugC g,4
ge e1®;q dh ckr gh ugC djrs] mls ge ikys jgrs gT4 og vk Hh tkS chp eX]
rks ge nwljh ckrX djrs gT4 i\Lksl eX dksB ej tkS] rks gtkj ckrX djrs gT4 c
l Sd ckr Ns\L nsrs gT4 ge dgrs gT cspkjk ge ml ij n;k [krs gT4 fcuk bl
dh fGdj fdS gqS fd ftl ij ge n;k dj jgs gT] og ?Iuk ge ij Hh vkt
ugC dy ?I tkSxh4 ge ckr djrs gT fd mlds cπpkX dk D;k gksxk` mldh
i®uh dk D;k gksxk` ge mldh uk,djh dh] is's dh /a/s dh ckr djrs gT fd b
u lcdk D;k gksxk`3ge lc ckr djrs gT4 flGZ Sd chp ds xksy ?sjs dh ckr

’kwU; lekf/k
Ns\L nsrs gT4 ml ij tks e1®;q ?fIr gqB] mldh ckr ugC djrs fd e1®;q D;k g,
` mls ge ckr ds ckgj j[rs gT4 mls geX lnk fdukjs j[rs gT4
vxj gekjh Vtnxh eX dksB lcls lqfufæpr ckr g,] rks og e1®;q g,4 ckdh rks l
c vfufæpr g,4 lc ls lqfufæpr ckr dh lc ls de ppkZ g,4 vkius e1®;q ij d
ksB fdrkc u ns[h gksxh4 vk®ek dh vejrk ij fdrkcX gT4 e1®;q ij fdrkc ugC
g,2 e1®;q ij dksB ckr gh ugC djrk] D;kXfd ;g c\Lk [rjukd l®; g,3dgC fn
[k;h u i\L tkS4
ysfdu ge fdruk gh ckgj j[X] e1®;q ckgj ugC jgrh] og Sd fnu vk gh tk
rh g,4 gekjs lc mik; rks\L dj Hhrj pyh vkrh g,4 gekjs lc }kj njokts cs
dkj fl0 gksrs gT] lc igjs csdkj fl0 gksrs gT4 gekjs fe_] lkFh] laca/h] lc ø
;FZ fl0 gksrs gT4
ftuds fyS geus bdØk fd;k Fk] fd os gekjk vdsykiu feIkSaxs] geX yksuyh
u ekywe gksus nXxs] i®uh dks yk;k Fk] fd eT vdsyk u jgwa4 fe_ cukS Fs fd eT
vdsyk u jgwa6 ysfdu tc ek,r vkrh g, rks ikrk gwa fd eT vdsyk jg x;k gwa4
vk,j ftügX eTus lkspk Fk] os jks jgs gT esjs fyS] ysfdu esjk lkF nsus dks rks dksB
Hh r,;kj ugC g,4 os jks jgs gT fd cspkjk2 os nq[h gks jgs gT4 ysfdu nq[h Hh 'k
;n esjs fyS ugC gks jgs gT4 os nq[h Hh flGZ blhfyS gks jgs gT fd vdsys gks xS
4 t¥nh gh bartke djXxs fd mudk vdsykiu feI tkS4 os fGj Hjs iwjs gks tkS
4 vdsysiu ls cpus ds fyS geus cuk;k g, lekt4 cukS gT ny4 cuk;h gT la¬Fk
Sa4 cukS gT laxOu4 cukS gT jk‘I≠4
vdsysiu ls cpus ds fyS cuk;h gT tkfr;ka Vgnw vk,j eqlyeku] t,u vk,j BlkB4
geus cgqr Hh\L bdØh dh g,] ysfdu D;k GdZ i\Lrk g,` ge vdsys gh gT vk,j
gekjk lc bartke >wOk g,4 gekjs lc bartke /ks[s ds gT4 ek,r gekjs lkjs bartk
e ø;FZ dj nsrh g,4
ek,r ds l®; dks igpkuus dh tWjr g,4 ek,r ds l®; ds izfr H;Hhr gksus dh
tWjr ugC g,4 D;kXfd] t,ls fd lqdjkr us dgk] Ohd gh dgk fd vxj eWaxk f
cydqy rks ej gh tkMaxk4 vk,j vxj ugC eWaxk] rks ugC gh eWaxk4
gekjh ek,r ls cpus dh ø;o¬Fk geX ÷;ku ds djhc ugC igqapus nsrh4 geus ÷;ku
vk,j lekf/ ls cpus ds fyS] nwljh /k√ed f∂;kSa Btkn dh gT] tc fd lekf
/ gh /eZ dk ewy vk/kj g,4 ckdh lc f∂;kSa /ks[k gT4 lekf/ ls cpus ds fyS
geus izkFZukSa Btkn dh gT4 ti ri Btkn fn;k g,4 geus ea_ ra_ u tkus D;k7
D;k Btkn fd;k g,3lc lekf/ ls cpus ds fyS4 /eZ dk tks tky pkjkX rjG fn
[kB i\Lrk g,] lc f∂;k dkaL g,] og geX ekjus dh fn'k eX xfr ugC nsrk g,4 o
g geX tkus dk lgkjk nsrk g,4 og gels dgrk gT ?cjkvks er4 vkæoklu nsrk g,
4 /eZ dk dksB Hh vkæoklu ugC g,4 /eZ rks dgrk g, vkvks] feIks vk,j ej tk
vks4 ysfdu t,lh gh dksB ejus dks iwjh rjg jkth gksdj vkrk g,] og ikrk g, f

’kwU; lekf/k
d dqN g,] tks fd ejrk gh ugC4 bl dqN dks tkurs gqS] tkaprs gqS] igpku ys
uk tWjh g,4 fGj dHh e1®;q ugC g,4 fGj ejXxs ge gks' ls4 vk,j tks vkneh Sd
ckj gks' ls ej x;k] mldh lkjh Vtnxh dk vFZ] mlds tüeus dh ø;o¬Fk] m
ldh lkjh ;k_k cny tkrh g,4 ysfdu gks' ls ejus ds fyS] dka'l LsF ds igys
] geX thrs th ejus dk dqN vuqHo djuk i\Lsxk4 ge thrs th ejus dh fdlh f
n'k eX mrj tkS4 ge thrs th ej tkS4 thll dk Sd cgqr dherh opu g,
fd tks vius dks cpkSxk og feI tkSxk vk,j tks vius dks feIkus dks jkth g,
og cpk fy;k tkSxk4 Ohd ;gh dgk g,4
'k;n thll dk lwyh ij yIduk gh izrhd g,3feIus dk] iwjh rjg feIus dk4
ysfdu thll rks 'wyh ij yIds4 muds vuq;kf;;kX us c\Lh rjdhc fudkyh4 Sd
NksIh lh lwyh cuk dj xys eX yIdkS gqS gT4 vc lwyh ij xyk yIds] rc rks
le> eX vkrk g,4 ysfdu xys eX lwyh yIds] ;g fcydqy le> eX ugC vkrk4 l
kjh nqfu;k eX] ftügX ge /eZ vuq;k;h dgrs gT] os blh rjg ds nq[n Pax i,nk d
j ysrs gT4 ckr o,lh fn[k;h i\Lrh g,4 thll Hh lwyh ij yIds gT4 thll dk ik
njh Hh lwyh xys eX yIdkS gqS gT4 lksus dh lwyh cuk yh g,4 lksus dh dgC lwf
y;ka gksrh g,` vk,j lwfy;ka ogC xys eX yIdk dj pyus dk dqN eryc gksrk g,
` lwyh izrhd g, fdlh vk,j ckr dk6 feIus dh r,;kjh dk4 thll Hh vkf[jh
{< eX cgqr ?cjk xS Fs4 vk,j esjh n1f‘I eX ogh {< mudh Vtnxh dk lcls d
herh {< gT4 tc mügX lwyh ij yIdk;k x;k vk,j gkF eX dhys Oksds xS rks m
uds eqag ls vkokt fudyh3
gs ijek®ek2 ;g D;k dg jgk g,` ;g rw D;k dg jgk g,` ;g esjs lkF D;k gks
jgk g,` v®;ar fprk vk,j ruko ls Hjs gqS muds izk<kX ls vkokt fudyh fd
ijek®ek] rw eq>s D;k fn[yk jgk g,` f'dk;r Fh4 f'dk;r [cj nsrh g, fd
thll dks irk ugC pyk4 ysfdu ek,r ds {< eX le> eX vk x;h ckr4 vk,j o
g galus yxh fd eT jkth gwa4 ;g Sd {< gh thll ds thou eX ∂kafr dk g,4
ftl {< mügkXus dgk] gs ijek®ek] ;g D;k fn[yk jgk g,] ml {< mügX e1®;q
ds laca/ eX f'dk;r g,4 ml le; rd os c\PB ds Sd csIs thll Fs4 vk,j Sd
{< ckn mügkXus dgk] rsjh etñ2 tks Hh djs eT jkth gwa2 cl] og thll us jgs]
∂kb¬I gks xS4 Sd lk/kj< vkneh ds csIs u jgs] ijek®ek ds csIs gks xS4 ej
us dks jkth gks xS4 Sd {<] lekf/ dk {< cu x;k] t,ls gh mügkXus dgk fd
eT jkth gwa4
tks vkneh vius Hhrj dg ldrk g, fd eT ejus dks jkth gwa] mldh Vtnxh eX
lekf/ dk {< tkrk g,4 ßlk vkneh ej ugC ldrk4
eT rks blhfyS ÷;ku [kst jgk gwa fd ej tkuk i\Ls4 vk®ek dh vejrk dk irk
py tkS] ijek®ek ls feyuk gks tkS4 vk,j /kj<k iDdh fd dHh ugC eWaxk]

’kwU; lekf/k
vxj 'jhj ej Hh tkS rks vk®ek vej g,6 dqN Hh gks tkS] ysfdu eT u eWaxk
e1®;q ls Ljk gqvk vkneh vxj ÷;ku dh [kst eX tkSxk] rks ÷;ku eX tk ugC l
drk4 tks vkneh ejus dks jkth g,] mls eT laü;klh dgrk gwa4 og di\Ls cnyrk
g, ;k cnyrk g,] csekuh ckr g,4 blhfyS ge laü;klh ds uke cny nsrs g,4 ysfd
u uke cnyus ls dqN ugC gksrk] D;kXfd og vkneh rks ogC jg x;k g,4 uke c
nyus gT blfyS fd ekurs gT fd iqjkuk vkneh ej x;k g,4 ;g nwljk vkneh g,4
ysfdu iqjkuk vkneh lekf/ ds fcuk ej ugC ldrk4 ;g vkneh ogC dk ogC
g,4
Sd ;qod esjs ikl vk;k vHh vk,j mlus dgk3eT laü;kl ysuk pkgrk gwa] vkidh
D;k lykg g,`
Sd ;qod esjs ikl vk;k vHh vk;k vk,j mlus dgk3eT laü;kl ysuk pkgrk gwa]
vkidh D;k lykg g,`
eTus dgk] laü;kl dHh fdlh us fy;k g,` vk,j tc fy;k gksxk rks >wOk gksxk4 laü
;kl fy;k ugC tk ldrk4 D;kXfd og tks ysus okyk g,] og ej tkS] rks laü;kl
?fIr gksrk g,3og tks ysus okyk g,] tks dgrk g,] eT laü;kl ys jgk gwa4 mldh
o1fR gh rks laü;kl curh g,2 rks] eTus mlls dgk] tc rd laü;kl ysus t,lk yxs]
rc rd ysuk gh er4 ysfdu ftl fnu rqe ikvks fd og vkneh ej gh x;k t
ks laü;kl ysrk fGjrk Fk] ml fnu laü;klh gks tkvks4 vk,j eTus dgk] tc rd f
dlh ls iwNuk i\Ls] rc rd rks ysuk gh er2 D;kXfd nwljs dh lykg ls fy;k gq
vk lnk >wOk gks tkrk g,4 ftl fnu rqe ikvks fd lkjh nqfu;k Hh dgs fd laü;k
l er ysuk] ysfdu rqe ikvksxs fd ysus dk loky gh ugC jgk] cl ogh laü;kl
gks tkSxk4
iqjkuh nqfu;k eX laü;klh dks ej?I ij ys tkrs Fs4 mls fpR ij lqykrs Fs] fpR
eX vkx yxkrs Fs4 fGj tyrh gqB fprk ls mls mOkrs Fs vk,j dgrs Fs] og vk
neh ej x;k tks rqe Fs4 vc Sd nwljs vkneh dk tüe gqvk4
eqn∆ dk flj ?ksI nsrs gT u2 blfyS ml vkneh dk flj Hh ?ksI nsrs Fs fd og
ej x;k4 fGj mldk uke cny nsrs Fs] D;kXfd og rks ej gh x;k] tks fdlh d
k csIk Fk] fdlh dk ifr Fk] fdlh dk cki Fk ;k fdlh dk HkB Fk4 blfyS
mldks nwljk ukd ns nsrs Fs4
vc Hh ogh gks jgk g,6 ysfdu vc ;g lc >wOk g,4 vxj fdlh dks yd\Lh dh f
prk ij fyIk dj ge mOk yXxs] rks D;k Hhrj dk vkneh ej tkSxk` vk,j di\
Ls cny nXxs] uke cny nXxs] rks D;k Hhrj dk vkneh ej tkSxk` ugC2
fprk dk vFZ g, lekf/4 tks ø;fDr lekf/ eX izfo‘I gksrk g,] fGj og yk,Irk u
gC tks x;k Fk4 ;g nwljk g, gh vkne yk,Irk g,4 ;g fcydqy nwljk gh vkneh
gksrk g,4

’kwU; lekf/k
ejus dh r,;kjh laü;kl g, vk,j laü;kl lekf/ ls Gfyr gksrk g,4 esjk ekuuk g, f
d dksB ø;fDr dHh Hh lekf/ dks miyç/ gks tkS rks og laü;¬r gks tkSxk4 b
ldk eryc ;g ugC fd og ?j Nks\L dj Hkx tkSxk4 D;kXfd ?j Nks\Ldj rks
dsoy os gh Hkxrs gT ftuds fyS ?j cgqr ew¥;oku g,4 i®uh Nks\L dj ogh Hkx
rs gT tks ¬_h yksyqi gT4 /u Nks\Ldj ogh Hkxrs gT tks yksHh gT4 ysfdu ftuds fy
S lc t,lk g, o,lk ¬ohdkj gks x;k g,] os dgC Hh ugC Hkxrs gT4 os tgka gT] gT4
eTus lquk3Sd xkao eX Sd Gdhj gks x;k4 ml xkao dk jktk jkr dks fudyrk g,
dHh] rks ckj7ckj ml Gdhj dks ns[rk g, fd uhe ds o1{ ds uhps og lnñ d
h jkrkX eX fOOqjrk jgrk g,4 fGj mlus xkao eX irk yxk;k] rks yksxkX us dgk fd
og lk/kj< vkneh ugC g,] og cgqr vnHqr vkneh g,4 og dgC igqap x;k g,4
dqN gks x;k g, mldh Vtnxh eX4
jktk us Sd jkr tkdj mls dgk] pyX vki jktegy eX] ogh fuokl djX4 jktk
us lkspk] 'k;n u Hh lkspk gks] ysfdu vpsru eX dgC ;g [;ky rks jgrk gh
g, fd laü;klh vk,j jktegy2 'k;n dg ns fd eT ugC tk ldrk gwa] eT laü;klh
gwa4 l\Ld ds fyS fdukjs i\Lk jgrk gwa4
ysfdu jktk us tc dgk] rHh og laü;klh mO x;h vk,j jktk ds ?ks\Ls ij lokj
gks x;k4 jktk dks rks c\Lh eqfædy gks x;h4 J0k Sdne lekîr gks x;h4 jktk
us lkspk fd eTus dgkuh ugC fd ;g vkneh Sdne jkth gks x;k4 ;g d,lk laü
;klh g,` ysfdu viuk gh 'çn okil ysus eX Fks\Lh nsj yx tkrh g,4 vc Sdne
ls 'çn okil d,ls ys ys2
tks Hksxh gT os flGZ ®;kfx;kX dks iwt ldrs gT4 Hksfx;kX dh iwtk us gh ®;kfx;kX d
ks i,nk fd;k g,4 blfyS ftleX /u dh ftruh †;knk yksyirk gksxh] og ml vk
neh ds ikl tkdj i,j NqSxk ftlus /u dks ykr ekj nh gks4 tks vkneh f¬_;kX
ds ihNs ikxy g,] og tkdj ysuh gks] rks vki yksxkX t,ls gkX] mlls m¥Ik gks tku
k tWjh g,4 vxj os i,j ls pyrs gT rks vki 'h"kZlu ls pyX4 fGj iwtk vpZuk f
eyuh 'qW gks tkrh g,4 iwtk flGZ m¥Is dks feyrh g,4 vk,j tks m¥Ik g,] og cn
yk gqvk ugC g,4 flj ds cy [\Ls gks tkS] pkgs i,j dsoy2 vkneh] vkneh g,4 v
kneh cny tkrk flj ds cy [\Ls gksus ls4
og jktk c\Lh eqfædy eX i\L x;k] ysfdu fuea_< fn;k Fk] rks fGj ?j ys x;k
4 vπNk egy Fk4 Gdhj dks Ogjk fn;k4 ysfdu J0k pyh x;h4 D;kXfd J0k
/u ds ®;kxh eX gh gks ldrh g,4 vk,j J0k /hjs7/hjs feIrh x;h6 D;kXfd tks Hh
[kus dks dgk] og [kuk ys fy;k4 tgka Hh lksus dgk] ogka lks x;k4 rc rks jk
tk us dgk] eT fdl xyrh eX i\L x;k2 eT fdl rjg ds vkneh dks ys vk;k2 N
g eghus ckn Sd fnu jktk us tkdj ml Gdhj ls dgk fd Sd loky esjs eu
eX mO vk;k g,4 iwN ywa` loky ;g g, fd eq>eX vk,j vkieX GdZ D;k g,4

’kwU; lekf/k
ml laü;klh us dgk] rqe Ng eghus ckn iwN jgs gks` loky rks mlh jkr mO x
;k Fk4
jktk us dgk] eryc`
mlus dgk] tc eT ?ks\Ls ij lokj gqvk Fk rHh loky mO x;k Fk4 ysfdu c\Ls
detksj vkneh gks] iwNus eX Ng eghus yxk fnS2
jktk us dgk] 'k;n vki Ohd dgrs gT4 loky rks mlh oDr mO x;k Fk4
ml Gdhj us dgk] rks mlh oDr iwN ysuk Fk2 cgqr detksj vkneh gks2
rks jktk us dgk] vkt rks crk ns fd eq>eX vk,j vkieX D;k GdZ g,`
Gdhj us dgk] vxj ;g GdZ tkuuk g, rks pyks4 mlh txg pyks] tgka ls lg
loky mOk Fk4
os xS xkao ds ckgj] ml is\L ds uhps4 fGj os pyrs gh xS4 jktk us dgk] ;g
is\L Hh fudy x;k vc rks vki tokc nX4 ysfdu Gdhj us dgk] Fks\Lk vk,j vkxs
] Fks\Lk vk,j vkxs4 fGj xkao dh lhekjs[k igqap x;h] tgka jktk dk jk†; lekîr
gks tkrk Fk4 unh Fh4 Gdhj us dgk] unh ds ij pyX4 jktk us dgk] ysfdu e
ryc D;k g, vkidk` tokc ns nX] nksigj gks x;h4 dqN rks dg nX4 fGj Gdhj
us dgk] tokc esjk ;gh g, fd vc eT rks vkxs tkrk gwa] rqe Hh lkF pyrs gks`
jktk us dgk] eT d,ls tk ldrk gwa` esjh] i®uh] esjs cπps] esjk jk†;2
ml Gdhj us dgk] eT rks tkrk gwa4 vxj GdZ fn[kB i\Ls rks ns[ ysuk4 rqégkjs e
gy eX eT Fk] ysfdu rqégkjk egy esjs Hhrj u Fk4 vk,j rqe ¬o;a egy eX ugC
gks] egy rqégkjs Hhrj g,4 vc dgka g, egy rqégkjk` dgka g, i®uh` dgka gT rq
égkjs cπps`3ftuds fyS rqe dgrs gks fd eq>s yk,Iuk i\Lsxk4 esjh i®uh] esjs cπ
ps] esjk egy] ;gka dqN Hh ugC g,4 eT rqégkjs egy eX esgeku Fk4 eT rqégkjs e
gy dk ekfyd u Fk] egy ds Hhrj Fk eT] ysfdu egy esjs Hhrj u Fk4 vc
eT tkMa4
jktk ds eu eX J0k dk fGj mn; gqvk] J0k dk mn; gksus eX Hh nsj ugC yx
rh] tkus eX Hh ugC4 mlus Sdne ls laü;klh ds i,j id\L fyS vk,j mlus dgk]
egkjkt2 eq>s nk,\L dj u tkS] okil pyX4 Gdhj us dgk] eT fGj ?ks\Ls ij lo
kj gks ldrk gwa] ysfdu J0k dk var gks tkSxk4 vc eq>s tkus nX4 eq>s dksB df
OukB ugC g,4 eT yk,I ldrk gwa4 ysfdu rqe c\Lh eqfædy eX i\L tkvksxs4 Ng egh
us eT rks c\Ls ets eX lks;k4 rqe c\Lh eqlhcr eX jgs4 fGj loky mO tkSxk] vx
j eT yk,Ik4 blfyS vc eq>s er yk,Ikvks4 eT rks yk,I ldrk gwa] D;kXfd esjs fyS
rks ;g fn'k vk,j og fn'k lc cjlcj g,4 b/j tkMa] m/j tkMa] fd dgC u
tkMa4 dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk g,4 ysfdu rqe eqlhcr eX i\L tkvksxs4
blh vkneh dks eT laü;klh dgrk gwa4 tks lalkj ls H;Hhr g,] og laü;klh ugC
g,4 ysfdu tks lalkj eX ßls jgus yxk] t,ls lalkj pkjkX rjG g,] ysfdu lalkj m
lds Hhrj ugC g,4 og vkneh laü;¬r g,4 ysfdu lekf/ eX ls xqtjs fcuk dksB H

’kwU; lekf/k
h laü;¬r ugC gksrk4 fcuk ejs dksB laü;¬r ugC gks ldrk4 thrs th tks ej tkr
k g,] thrs th tks ejus dh dyk lh[ ysrk g, vk,j Sd ckj dksB lekf/ ls xqtj
tkS] rks izfriy ejrk g,] vk,j izfrGy uS dk tüe gksrk g,4 fGj ßlk ugC g,
fd Sd nGk ej x;k vk,j nwljk gks x;k4
ugC2 izfriy tks iqjkuk Fk] og ej tkrk g, vk,j u;k mHjrk jgrk g,4 izfriy
e1®;q g,] izfriy thou g,] izfriy iqutñou g,4 izfriy ejrk g, iqjkuk] u;k t
üe ysrk g,4 vk,j tc dksB ø;fDr ßlh f¬Ffr eX gks tkrk g,] rks mlds Mij vr
hr dk dksB cks> ugC gksrk g,4 vrhr eX lc ej tkrk g, vk,j Hfo‘; dk dksB V
pru ugC jgrk g,4 ftldh orZeku thou dh iqyd jg tkrh g,] og ø;fDr ij
ek®ek ds iw<Z vkuan dks miyç/ gksrk g, vk,j og tku ikrk g, D;k g, eqfDr] D;
k g, eks{] D;k g, thou dk vFZ] D;k g, thou dh lqxa/2
ysfdu r,juk lh[uk g,] rks ikuh eX mrjuk i\Lsxk4 vk,j vxj ve1r dks tkuuk g,
rks e1®;q eX tkuk gh i\Lsxk4 tks vkneh ftruh xgjh e1®;q ls xqtjrk g,] mruk
gh ve1r mls fn[kB i\Lus yxrk g,4 xgjh e1®;q eX og nh;k fn[kB i\Lus yxrk
g,] tks vej gT] tks ugC feIrk g, vk,j ugC feI ldrk g,4 mik; ugC feIus dk]
ekxZ ugC feIus dk4 }kj ugC feIus dk4
ve1r dks tkuuk g,] rks e1®;q dks tkuuk i\Lsxk4 ;g ckr m¥Ih ekywe i\Lsxh] ysf
du cht dks vxj o1{ cuuk gks] rks feIuk tWjh g,4 vxj ge feIX] rks ve1r
dk ik,/k gekjs Hhrj Gwyuk 'qW gks tkrk g,2 vuwOh g, lqxa/ mldh] vuwOk g, la
xhr ysfdu ge vHkxs mlls oafpr jg tkrs gT] D;kXfd ge mlls Ljs jg tkrs gT
] tks }kj g,6 blfyS Hou eX dHh izos' ugC gks ikrk4
vxj ijek®ek ds eafnj eX tkuk gks rks mlds }kj dk uke e1®;q g,4 blfyS ge
viuk cuk;k gqvk x1g m|ksx] gkse esL Hxoku [\Lk dj ysrs gT4 viuk gh }kj]
viu gh njokts cuk ysrs gT4 eafnj eX izos' djds yk,I vkrs gT vk,j tgka ds rgka
jg tkrs gT4
ugC2 ijek®ek dk eafnj dgC vk,j g,] tks gekjs cukus ls ugC curk4 mldk }kj
dqN vk,j g,4 ftlls ge H;Hhr gT] ogh mldk }kj g,2
eT vkidks ml }kj eX izos' djus ds fyS vkeaf_r djrk gwa4 vxj gks fgéer fd
Fks\Lk ej dj Hh ns[X] rks gh vkS4 vü;Fk u vkS4 detksj ds fyS og jk¬rk
ugC g,4 gkykafd dksB Hh bruk detksj ugC g,4 ysfdu ge pkgs rks vius dks d
etksj cuk ldrs gT4
eu ls eqfDr
esjs fiz; vk®eu]
Sd fe_ us iwNk g,] jkr dh lekf/ ds iz;ksx eX] eT feI x;k gwa ;k ej x;k gwa4
vxj eT eu eX lk{h gwa rks lk{h d,lh feI dlrk g,` ßlh Hkouk djus dk D
;k vFZ g,`

’kwU; lekf/k
tc lk{h g,] rd eT ugC gwa4 tc eT ej tkMaxk] feI tkMaxk] 'wü; gks tkMaxk]
rc tks 's" jgksxs] og lk{h g, blfyS dksB lk{h ugC cu ldrk] vxj cusxk]
rks esjk vgadkj Hh etcwr jgsxk4 vxj eTus dgk fd eT lk{h gwa rks lk{h vHh
i,nk gh guC gqvk5 D;kXfd lk{h rks og g,] tks ;g Hh ns[ jgk g, fd eT lk{h
gwa4 bl ckr dks tks ns[ jgk g,] og lk{h g,4 eT dks Hh tks tkurk g,] og lk{h
g,4 blfyS lk{h dHh eT ugC gwa4 eq>s ;g pyuk fd eT gwa] ;g Hh tks esjs ihNs
psruk g,] mldk Hze g,4 pkgs ugC2 tc rd eT gwa rc rd lk{h dk irk ugC
pysxk4 eq>s rks feIuk gh i\Lsxk] eq>s rks feIuk gh i\Lsxk] eq>s rks lekîr gksuk
gh i\Lsxk esjs feIus ij gh] esjs gIus ij gh lk{h izdI gksxk4
lk{h ek,twn g,] ijek®ek ek,twn g,4 og ftls ge cz‰ dgX] og Hhrj ek,twn g,4
ysfdu og esjs eT dh ijr eX nck gqvk g,4
nks o"Z igys tc eT ;gka vk;k Fk] rc unh iRkX ls Padh Fh] ikuh fn[k;h ugC
i\Lrk Fk4 uhps unh] Mij iRs4 ikuh dk irk ugC pyrk Fk4 ysfdu tjk lk i
Rk gIkSa] rks uhps unh >kadus yxrh g,4 lk{h tks g,] og ikuh dh /kj g,] ftls
eT ds iRkX ls lc rjG ls Pkad fn;k g,4 Fks\Lk lk gIkSaxs] uhps lk{h >kadus y
xsxk4
÷;ku jgs] bl ckr dks le> ysuk cgqr tWjh g, fd eT dHh lk{h ugC gks ldr
k g,4 tks lk{h g,6 mlds lkeus eT Hh [ks tkMaxk4 eT dHh ijek®ek ls ugC fey
ldrk gwa] D;kXfd eT gh mlls feyus eX ck/k gwa4 tc eT ugC jg tkMaxk] rHh
mlls feyu gksxk4 eT gh feIwa rks mldh miyfç/ g,4 ;gh lcls c\Lh dfOukB g, f
d eT d,ls feIwa2 eT geX] feIwa d,ls` vxj eT gh l®; gksrk] rks feIuk vlaHo g,2
ysfdu eTus eT cuk;k g,] flGZ [;ky gh Sd ø;o¬Fk dh rjg ys vk;k g,4 ;g
[;ky Sd ckB izksLDI g,4 ;g esjs gksus dh tks /kj<k g, ;g flGZ lius eX tüe
Sd Hko g,4
ge cgqr lh ckrX ;kX gh dj ysrs gT4 ge dg ldrs gT fd Sd lekt ;gka c,Ok
gqvk g,] ysfdu Sd7Sd ø;fDr bl dejs ds ckj pys tkS] rks fGj ;g iwfNS f
d lekt dgka x;k` D;kXfd tks xS os Sd7Sd ø;fDr Fs4 lekt ckgj ugC x;k
] lekt dgka g,` D;kXfd ge dgXxs fd lekt dgC Hh ugC g,] lekt rks ø;fDr
;kX dk tks\L g,4 lekt dk viuk dksB vf¬r®o u Fk4 lekt rks Sd NksIh lh ?
Iuk Fh] dqN ø;fDr;ka dk tks\L Fk4
fH{q ukxlsu dks lezkI feVyn eX vkeaf_r fd;k vius njckj eX4mudks ysus ds f
yS jF Hstk tc ukxlsu ls feVyn ds jktnwrkX us dgk fd lezkI us vkidks fuea
_< fn;k g, vk,j dgk g, fd fH{q ukxlsu vkS] ge mudk ¬okxr djXxs2 ukxlsu
galk vk,j dgk fd vk tkMaxk tWj] ysfdu fH{q ukxlsu t,lk dksB g, ugC4 rks
jktnwrkX us dgk fd fGj vkSxk dk,u` ukxlsu us dgk tk tkMaxk tWj] ysfdu
fH{q ukxlsu t,lk dksB g, ugC4 tkdj lezkI ls bruk dg nsuk4 lezkI us dgk f

’kwU; lekf/k
d fdl ikxy dks geus cqyk fy;k2 ge rks fH{q ukxlsu dks gh cqykSaxs] vxj
og g, ugC] rks vkSxk dk,u` flGZ mls vkus nX4
jkt}kj ij ukxlsu dk ¬okxr fd;k x;k4 og jF ls mrjk4 lezkI us iwNk] vk
i vk xS` eT fH{q ukxlsu dk ¬okxr djrk gwa4
og galk vk,j dgk] fH{q ukxlsu t,lk dksB g, ugC4 rks lezkI us iwNk] D;k dg
jgs gT vki` fH{q ukxlsu ugC gT] rks dk,u gT vki` ukxlsu us dgk] ;g jF fn
[kB i\Lrk g,` jF pyk vk;k g,4 blds ?ks\Ls [ksy nks4 ?ks\Ls [ksy fnS xS4 rc
ukxlsu us lezkI ls iwNk] ?ks\Ls jF rks ugC gT` lezkI us dgk] ?ks\Ls jF ugC gT4
ukxlsu us dgk] blds ifg;kX dks Hh fudky Lkyks4 lezkI us iwNk] ;g D;k gks j
gk g,` ijarq ifgS fudky fnS xS4 ukxlsu us dgk] ;s ifgS jF gT` lezkI us
dgk] ugC4fGj jF dh Sd7Sd pht fudyus yxh vk,j og iwNrk x;k4 ;g jF
g,` lezkI dgrk jgk3ugC2 lc fudy tkus ds ckn mls lezkI ls iwNk] jF dg
ka g,` og Sd7Sd pht rks jF ugC Fh2 jF ihNs ls cpuk pkfgS4 ukxlsu us d
gk] jF dk viuk gksuk Hh ugC g,4 esjs Sd7Sd fopkj dks fudky nks4 Bæoj dks
] lc o¬rqvkX dks fudky nks4 fGj tks cprk g, og eT ugC] og fH{q ukxlsu ug
C4 og ijek®ek g,4 fH{q ukxlsu rks ijek®ek ds Mij t\Ls gqS 'çn dk tks\L g,4
ge Hh 'çnkX ds tks\L gT4 cpiu ls ejus rd ge 'çnkX dks bdØk djrs gT4 esjk
uke tks fd Sd >wO g,] flGZ 'çn fpid tkrk g,4 esjk ?j dk irk dk,u lk g,
esjk ?j` ftl fdlh Hh ?j eX eq>s c\Lk fd;k tkrk g,] ogh esjk ?j gks tkrk
g,4 eryc] dksB ?j esjk ugC g,4 ftl ?j dh Nki cpiu ls esjs Mij x\L x;h
ogh esjk ?j g,4 dk,u lk esjk ns'` eryc] esjk dksB ns' ugC g,4 vka[kX us ig
yh nGk ftl Hwfe dks id\L fy;k] og g, esjk ns'4 dk,u gT esjs izhre` dk,u gT
esjs laca/h` ogh ftu ij esjh vka[X [qyh vk,j eTus mudh rlohjs id\L yC4 mu
lcdk tks\L bdØk gks x;k4
vxj Ohd ls Sd7Sd pht dks fudkyus yxX] fGj iwNus yxs dk,u gwa eT] rks dqN
Hh irk u pysxk] D;kXfd lc tks\L [kyh gks tkSxk4 jF dk lc leku fudy
tkSxk] fGj c\Lh eqfædy gks tkSxh4 iwNuk fd dk,u gwa eT` dqN dk,u mRj vkS
xk] fGj Hh D;k 's" jg tkSxk4 's" ogh gj tkSxk] tks esjs tüe ds igys Hh
Fk vk,j tks ejus ds ckn Hh gksrk g,4 ysfdu eT fc[j tkMaxk] eT feI tkMaxk4
eT Sd fojks/h g,4
o,Kkfud dqN iz;ksx djrs Fs4 eqxñ dk cπpk i,nk gksrk g,] fGj viuh eka dk,u g,
4 og Hkxus D;kX yxrk g, viuh eka ds ihNs` ge lnk gh ßls lksprs Fs fd cps
dks fdlh rjg irk pyuk pkfgS fd mldh eka ;g g,4 blfyS Hkxus yxrk g,
4 rks mügkXus Sd dke fd;k fd ftl eqxñ ds vaLs ls cπpk fudyk] ml eqxñ dks
] mldh eka dks mlds ikl ls gIk fn;k4 mldh txg Sd x,l ls Hjk gqvk xqçck

’kwU; lekf/k
jk mldh txg ljdk fn;k4 vc vki nsf[S] xqçckjk m\Lk] ljdk] Hkxk] eqxñ
dk cπpk mlds ihNs Hkxk4 fGj c\Lh eqfædy gks x;h4 og xqçckjs dks eka le>us
yxk vk,j eka dks igpkuuk eqfædy gks x;k4 igyk SDlikst xqçckjs dk i\L x;k
4 fGj o,Kkfud bl [;ky ij igqaps fd igyh nGk psruk3t,ls gh d,ejs dk yTl
[yrk g, vk,j fp_ id\Ls tkrs gT] blfyS igyk SDlikst g, eka4 igyk gksus dh
otg ls mldk cgqr xgjk g,4 fGj lc SDlikstj mlds vki g,4 fGj d,ejk ck
n eX [qysxk] blfyS cπpk eka ls lnk ds fyS lcls xgjk ca/k jg tkrk g,4 og
igyh nGk mlds eu dk] eu us igyk fp_ mldk gh fy;k g,] ogh mlds eu
eX xgjk c,O tkrk g,4 fGj og eqxñ ds ihNs ugC Hkxrk] og xqçckjs ds ihNs Hk
xrk g,4
og xqçckjs ds ikl lI dj lksus dh dksf'' djrk g,] t,ls cπpk viuh eka ds ik
l lksus dh dksf'' djrk g,4 fGj cgqr mik; fdS xS mls le>kus ds] fd ;g
rsjh eka ugC g,] ysfdu mlds fyS rks og xqçckjk gh eka gks pqdk Fk4 og cπpk
ej x;k4 ysfdu viuh eka dks ugC le> ik;k4
cpiu ls gekjk fpR d,ejs ds leku [qyrk jgrk g,] vk,j fpR id\Lrk jgrk
g,4 fGj tks Hh ¬e1fr bdØh gksrh g,] mldk uke g, eT4 vxj vkidh lkjh ¬e1fr
Nhuh tk lds] rks fdldks dgsxk fd eT gwa` ;g crkuk eqfædy gks tkSxk fd eT
dk,u gwa` eT dksB lπpkB ugC g,4 eT ¬e1fr;kX dk vyce g,] tks\L g,4 tc rd ;
g tks\L geX lcls †;knk l®; ekywe i\Lrk g,] rc rd ml tks\L ds ihNs tks g,]
mldk irk u pysxk4 o1{kX ds iRkX dk gh lc dqN le> j[k g, geus4 geX >hu
dk dksB irk u pysxk4 iRkX dks gIkuk gksxk] >hy dks lkeus ykuk gksxk4
ijek®ek gels cgqr nwj ugC g,] ij geus tks eT bdØk dj j[k g,] og mlds
uhps nck g,4 ijek®ek eT ds uhps nck g,4 t,ls isijosI ds uhps iUs ncs gqS G\LG\
Lk jgs gT4 gok pyrh g,] iUs G\LG\Lrs gT] D;kXfd isijosI nckS g,4 ßls gh iwjs
oDr ge eX ijek®ek r\Li jgk g,] vk,j eT dk i®Fj mls nckS gqS g,4
lekf/ eX eT dks [ks nsuk i\Lrk g,4 eT [ks tkrk g,] iUs m\L tkrs gT4 r\Li feI
tkrh g,4 Hhrj tks fNik g,] og izdI gks tkrk g,4 lkFh vki ugC cuXxs4 tc vk
i ugC jg tkSaxs] rks tks 's" jg tkSxk] tks fouez g,] og lk{h jgsxk4 blfyS
lk{h dks dHh irk ugC pyrk fd eT lk{h gwa4 eT rks lk{h gks gh ugC ldrh4
eT rks eT ugC gksrk g,] tc rd gksrk g,] mldk uke lk{h g,4 eT tc ;g dgr
k gwa fd eT dks feIk nX rks flGZ bruk gh dgrk gwa] eT dks Ohd ls igpku yX fd
;g l®; ugC g,] flGZ ¬e1fr dk tks\L g,4
esjs Sd fe_] tks LkDIj gT] I≠su ls py jgs Fs] Hh\L Fh] vk,j o ckgj LaLs dks i
d\L dj yIds gqS Fs4 vpkud gkF NqI x;k] fxj i\Ls flGZ flj eX pksI yxh v
k,j ¬e1fr [ks x;h4 viuk uke Hh Hwy xS4 cpiu eX esjs lkF i\Ps Fs4 xkao mügX
ns[us x;k4 og eq>s ßls ns[us yxs] t,ls dHh ns[k u gks4 os SDlikst tks Fs] fe

’kwU; lekf/k
I xS] ¬e1fr [ks x;h4 os eq>ls iwNus yxs] dk,u gT vki] d,ls vkS` os fdlh dks
igpkurs ugC Fs3i®uh dks ugC igpkurs Fs] csIs dks Hh ugC igpkurs Fs4 muls
iwfNS dk,u gT vki] rks ßls gkF djrs Fs ekuks dg jgs gT] eq>s irk ugC dk,u
gwa` eT dgka x;k` ysfdu os rks vc Hh gT] eT dgka x;k` Fks\Lk lk tks\Lk Fk] cu
k;k Fk4 og fc[j x;k] pksI [k x;k` pksI [k x;k ef¬r‘d] ftleX ¬e1fr bd
Øh Fh4 og dX– IwI x;k4 dX– ds IwI tkus ls eT [ks x;k4
pksI ls vxj dX– IwIs] rks vkneh fof{îr gks tkrk g,4 pksI ls Hhrj dk Hh irk
ugC pyrk] vk,j ftls og tkurk Fk fd eT gwa og Hh IwI tkrk g,] og eqfædy
eX i\L tkrk g,4 ysfdu vxj ge viuh le> ls eT dks fol√tr dj nX] le>
ls] rks Hhrj dk irk py tkSxk4 le> ls u djX] rks IwI tkS rks\Lk tk ldrk
g,4
vc rks czsuok' ds cgqr ls mik; Btkn gks xS gT4 blds phu eX c\Ls tksj ls iz;ks
x fdS tk jgs gT4 vkneh ds fnekx dks ikXNk tk ldrk g,4 t,ls IsifjdkLZ dks ok
il ikXN dj lkG dj ysrs gT] ßls gh ef¬r‘d dh ¬e1fr dks Hh ikXNk tk ldrk
g,4
uS Btkn g, vkneh ds gkF eX4 ljdkj ds gkF eX rkdr gks] rks fojks/h ds fne
kx dks ok' dj ns4 og Hwy tkSxk fd og dk,u g,4 d [ x ls mls 'qW djuk
i\Lsxk4 fGj u;k eT cukuk i\Lsxk4
eT gekjk ok¬rfod eT ugC g,4 eT ds ihNs ok¬rfod eT ugC g,4 ysfdu tc rd g
ekjk eT ugC feIsxk] ihNs utj ugC tkSxh4 blfyS lekf/] eT ls utj gIk dj
] ihNs rjG ys tkus ds fyS g,4 lekf/ dk eryc g,3eT ugC gwa4 fGj D;k g,] m
ls tku yX4 ysfdu eT u jgwa rks fGj D;k g,` mls tku yX] mls igpku yX4
cq0 ejus ds djhc Fs4 muls izse djus okys fH{q] muls izse djus okys J0kyq]
vka[kX dh rknkn eX bdØs gks xS vk,j jksus yxs4 cq0 us dgk fd rqe fdlds fyS
jksrs gks`3mlds fyS] tks Fk gh ugC ;k tks fGj Hh jgsxk` c\Lh vthc ckr g,
4 cq0 us iwNk] fdlds fyS jksrs gks` Sd fH{q us dgk] ge vkids fyS jksrs gT4
vki ejus ds djhc gT] vki feIus ds djhc gT4 cq0 us dgk] tks feIus dh rj
G g,] og Fk gh ugC4 flGZ ogh feI ldrk g,] tks Fk gh ugC] tks jgk g, ] og
feI ugC ldrk4
jsr ds Sd NksIs ls d< dks Hh ge ugC feIk ldrs gks geus gkbL≠kstu ce rks c
uk fy;k g,] ysfdu ge jsr ds Sd NksIs ls d< dks Hh ugC feIk lds4 feIk ugC
ldrs4 vf¬r®o ds ckgj gh feIk ldrs gT4 tks g,] og jgsxk4 flGZ ogh feI l
drk g,] tks u jgk gks4 daéchus'ül feI ldrs gT] la;ksx feI ldrs gT4 ge Sd
dqlñ dks feIk ldrs gT4 D;kXfd dqlñ Sd tks\L g,4 yd\Lh ds pkj Iqd\LkX dks dhyX
Oksddj geus [\Lk dj fn;k g,4 ftl pht eX flGZ tks\L g,] og feI ldrh g,]
dqlñ feI ldrh g,] yd\Lh feI ldrh g,] D;kXfd og Sd tks\L g,4 yd\Lh ds van

’kwU; lekf/k
j tks SyheXIl gT] os ugC feI ldrs4 vxj os Hh feI ldrs gT] rks muds xgjs
eX] vk,j xgjs eX tks v<q gT] ijek<q gT] os ugC feI ldrs4 vxj os Hh feI ld
rs gT] rks og tks\L g,4 tks Hh feI ldrk g,] og tks\L g,4 vk,j uhps tkuk i\Lsxk4
bysDI≠ksDl ugC feI ldrs] butñ ugC feI ldrh] l®; ugC feI ldrk4 ogh
l®; g, tks feI ugC ldrk g,4 ogh l®; g,] tks lnk Fk vkj lnk jgsxk4
geX vius Hhrj mls [kst ysuk g,] tks ugC feI ldrk g,4 ysfdu mls ge rHh
[kst ikSaxs] tc mls] tks feI ldrk g,] igpku yX4 vxj geus tks feI ldrk
g,] mlh ds lkF vkbLXfIIh dj yh g,] vk,j le> fy;k g, fd ;gka eT gwa] rks fGj
c\Lh dfOukB g,4 rc l®; dk geX dHh irk ugC py ldrk4
e1®;q ls ge Ljrs D;kX gT` ge Ljrs gT6 D;kXfd ftls geus eT le> fy;k g,] og
rks ejsxk gh4 mls rks dksB Hh ugC cpk ldrk mldk feIuk fufæpr g,4 ftls g
eus eT le>k g,] mldh e1®;q gksxh gh4 blfyS ge Ljs gqS gT] vk,j mls ge tk
urs ugC] rks ejsxk ugC4 blfyS ge vH; ugC gT4 lekf/ vH; eX ys tkrh g,4
mlds n'Zu djk nsrh g,] tks ejsxk ugC] tks feIsxk ugC4
ysfdu ÷;ku jgs] eT dHh lk{h ugC gks ldrk g,4 vk,j eT dHh ijek®ek ls ugC
fey ldrk g,4 blfyS ijek®ek ls feyus dh ftn er djuk] ;g er lkspuk
fd eT d] [] x] uke dk vkneh ijek®ek ls fey tkMaxk4 esjk feyu dHh H
h ugC gks ldsxk4 D;kXfd tc rd eT gwa] rd rd ijek®ek u fey ldsxk4 tc
eT u jg tkMaxk rc og feysxk2
vc rd fdlh dk ijek®ek ls feyu ugC gqvk g,4 D;kXfd feyus dk eryc gksr
k g,] nksukX ek,twn gT4 ysfdu nksukX ls Sd gh gksrh g,4 tc eT gksrk gwa] rks og ugC
gksrk vk,j tc og gksrk g,] rks eT ugC gksrk gwa4 feyu gqvk gh ugC dHh4 dch
j us dgk g,] mldh dFuh cgqr lf∂; Fh4 mlus nksukX dks ekj fn;k g,] mlus S
d gh dks ugC ekjk g,4 tc eT gwa] rc og ugC2 tc og gksrk g,] rc eT ugC gks
rk4
lk{h cu ldrk gwa4 eT dks eq>s [ksuk i\Lsxk4 blfyS eTus dgk g, fd feI jgk gwa4
bl Hko dks vxj cgqr xgjk djX] rks tks 's" jg tkSxk] ogh ijek®ek g,4
Sd fe_ us iwNk fd feI jgk gwa] ßlk Hko djus ls d,ls feIwaxk`
blfyS feI tkSxk] eT gwa] ;g Hko dk gh ifj<ke g,4 ;g dksB l®; ugC vx
j eT c,O dj ;g Hko dWa fd edku feI jgk g,] rks edku feIsxk ugC4 edku
esjs Hko ij fuHZj ugC g,4 eT fdrus gh Hko dWa fd edku feI jgk g,] ysfd
u vka[ [ksyus ij ikMaxk] ysfdu vxj eT ;g Hko dWa fd eT feI jgk gwa] rks
eT feI tkMaxk` D;kXfd esjk gksuk] esjk gh Hko g,4 eT nwljs Hko ls feI ldrk
gwa] foijhr Hko ls feI ldrk gwa4
vkidks irk gksuk pkfgS] dqN chekfj;ka ßlh gT tks bykt ls dHh Ohd ugC gks
rh4 os blfyS Ohd ugC gksrh fd igyh ckr ;g fd og chekjh gksrh gh ugC4

’kwU; lekf/k
Hys gh bykt lπpk gks] o,lk vkneh vk,j chekj gks tkSxk4 vxj >wOh chekjh
dk lπpk bykt gksxk rks eqfædy i\L tkSxh4 vxj Sd vkneh dks lkai us dkIk
gks] rks mls lkai ds dkIus dk batsD'u fn;k tkuk pkfgS] mlls mls ykH gksxk
4 ysfdu vkneh dks lkai us dkIk gh ugC vk,j mls pwgs us ;k vius eX lkai us dk
Ik gks] rks batsD'u nsuk [rjukd i\L tkSxk4 lkai ds dkIus ls ftruk [rjk u
gC] mruk batsD'u ls chekj i\L tkus dk g,4 >wOh chekjh ds fyS >wOk bykt p
kfgS4
eTus lquk g,3Sd ljk; eX Sd jkr dqN esgeku Ogjs gqS Fs4 Sd vkneh lqcg p
kj cts viuh ;k_k ij vkxs fudy x;k4 ogka dksB txg ds yksx Ogjs gqS4 jkr
mügkXus lkF Hkstu fd;k Fk4 mldk fdlh us [;ky ugC fd;k Fk4 lky Hj ck
n og vkneh ljk; eX okfil yk,Ik4 ml ljk; ds ekfyd us mls ns[k vk,j iwNk]
vki Vtnk gT` ml vkneh us iwNk] D;k eryc` Vtnk D;kX ugC gksMaxk` ml e
kfyd us dgk] vjs2 ml jkr ftrus vknfe;kX us Hkstu fd;k Fk] os lc exj x
S4 Hkstu eX tgj gks x;k Fk4 vki Vtnk gT4 ;g vkæp;Z g,2 ml vkneh us bru
k lquk vk,j ogC fxj i\Lk4 cgqr fgyk;k x;k] ysfdu og rks ej pqdk Fk4 lky
Hj igys fd;k Fk Hkstu] fGj îokbtu gks x;k4 og lky Hj ckn ejk4
ej ldrk g,4 ysfdu ßlh chekjh dk bykt ugC gks ldrk2 vxj Hkstu gks x;k
gks rks bykt gks ldrk g,4 ijarq vc bl vkneh dk d,ls bykt djXxs` mldk
bykt djuk cgqr eqfædy g,4 mldh chekjh >wOh g,4 >wOh chekjh dk >wOk byk
t djuk i\Lsxk4
eT ftl lekf/ dk iz;ksx dj jgk gwa] og >wOk bykt g,4 lπpk bykt ugC g, og
] D;kXfd chekjh >wOh g,4 mls feIkus ds fyS mlh rjg dk bykt djuk i\Lsxk4
esjs i,j eX vlyh dkaIk x\L tkS] rks nwljs vlyh dkaIk ysdj mls fudkyuk i\Lsx
k4 ysfdu vlyh dkaIk u x\Ls] flGZ eq>s ;g [;ky gks tkS fd i,j eX dkaIk x\Lk
g,] rc vlyh dkaIk ykdj er fudkyuk] vü;Fk ø;FZ dk ?ko gks tkSxk4
dkaIk u x\Lk gks] rks fGj >wOs dkaIs dh tWjr i\Lrh g,4 /eZ dh lkjh izf∂;kSa
>wOh izf∂;kSa gT] D;kXfd v/eZ dh chekjh >wOh g,4 le¬r ;ksx >wOh izf∂;k g,4 l
e¬r lk/uk >wOh izf∂;k g,4 blfyS >wOh izf∂;k g, fd ftl feIuk g, og chekjh
gh >wOh g,4 ok¬ro eX vkneh chekj ugC g,4 vxj dksB vlyh eT gksrk g, rks m
ls vlyh ryokj ls dkIuk i\Lrk g,4
jkeÎ‘< ds thou ds vafre fnukX eX Sd eg®oiw<Z ?Iuk ?Ih4 jkeÎ‘< thou
Hj rks dkyh dh iwtk eX yxs jgs4 vkf[jh {<kX eX mügX ßlk yxus yxk fd D;k
cl ;gh g, lc dqN` Sd laü;klh rksrkiqjh Ogjk gqvk Fk2 mlus dgk] dc r
d dkyh] ctjax cksyrs jgksxs` ;g lc d¥iukSa gT4 jkeÎ‘< us dgk] eT D;k d
Wa` d¥iuk ls Mij d,ls mOwa` laü;klh us dgk] vka[ can djks] vk,j dkyh ls NqI
dkjk ikvks4 jkeÎ‘< vka[ can djrs rks dkyh dh ew√r [\Lh gks tkrh4 thou Hh

’kwU; lekf/k
mlh dks lk/k4 eT thrs th mls d,ls gIkMaxk] ugC gIrh g,4 rks laü;klh us dgk
fd rqe ryokj mOk dj nks Iqd\Ls dj nks jkeÎ‘< us dgk fd ryokj dgka g,`
mlus dgk fd tc d¥iuk ls dkyh [\Lh dh g,] rks d¥iuk ls gh ryokj mOk
dj ns[k4 dkyh dks dgka ls ykS` og Hh rks d¥iuk ls gh [\Lh dh g,4 jkeÎ‘
< Hhrj tkrs Fs] ij fgéer ugC tqIk ikrs Fs ryokj mOkus dh4 dkyh ij ry
okj d,ls mOkMa` brus fnu lk/k] laokjk4
HDr Hxoku ds izfr cgqr de tks jg tkrk g,4 df¥ir Hxoku ds izfr rks vk,j
Hh detksj gks tkrk g,] D;kXfd mlus mls [qn gh rks cuk;k g,4 mls feIkS d,ls
` ryokj id\Lrs gT] rks NwI tkrh g, ckj7ckj dgrs gT fd ugC gksrk4 rks rksrkiq
jh us dgk fd cl vkf[jh ckj iz;kl dj yks4fGj eT pyk tkMaxk4 bl cπps ds
[sy eX eq>s u Galkvks4 rksrkiqjh dkap dk Sd Iqd\Lk ysdj c,O x;k vk,j mlus
dgk] vka[ can djks] vanj vkvks eT rqégkjs ekFs dks dkap ls dIwaxk vk,j tc [wu
dh /kjk cgus yxs] dkap ls ef¬r‘d dIus yxs] rks fgéer djds ryokj mOk
dj pyk gh nsuk4 jkeÎ‘< us fgéer dh4 vc rksrkiqjh us ekFk dkIk] rks mügkX
us Hh Hhrj dkyh dks dkI fn;k4 dkyh nks Iqd\Ls gksdj fxj x;h4 >wOh ryokj
Fh] >wOh dkyh Fh4 jkeÎ‘< [kyh gks xS4 ckn eX mügkXus dgk] ;g Hh fxj x;
h3nh yk¬I csfjvj g,t Gkyu4
ftls ge eT dgrs gT] og Hh >wOh g,4 ml eT dks fxjkus ds fyS >wOs mik; djus
i\Lrs gT4 exj ;fn ;gh le> tkS fd >wOk g,] rks mik; djus dh Hh tWjr u
gC jg tkrh4 ysfdu ugC le> ikrs gT4 rks fGj mik; djus i\Lrs gT] blfyS t
ks le>rk g,] mlds fyS u ÷;ku g,] u lekf/ g,] u ;ksx g,4 tks le>rk g,] ml
ds fyS txr eX dqN Hh ugC g,4 mls dqN djus dks ugC g,4
c\Lh eqfædy vk x;h4 le> gh ugC ikrs4 ugC le> ikrs gT] rks dqN bykt dj
uk i\Lrk g,4 vk,j >wOs bykt ls >wOh chekjh dks rks\L nsuk i\Lrk g,4 tc nksukX ch
ekfj;ka fcnk gks tkrh gT] rks [kyh txg jg tkrh g,] ogh l®; g,4
Sd fe_ us dgk fd jkr ftls vki lekf/ dg jgs Fs fgîukfI†e ;k léeksgu t,
lh ekywe i\L jgh Fh4 ekywe ugC gks jgh] og g, gh2 eT Sd léeksgu g,4 ftls
ge dgrs gT] Sd léeksgu g,] ftls geus gh i,nk fd;k g,4 bl eT dks rks\Lus ds f
yS foijhr léeksgd lq>ko nsus i\LXxs4 foijhr léeksgd lq>ko nsdj bls rks\L ns
uk i\Lsxk4 eT gekjk Sd léeksgu g,] blls †;knk ugC4 ;g gekjk Sd Hze g, fd
eT gwa4
tks g,] og rks fojkI g,4 tks g,] mldh rks dksB lhek ugC g,4 tks g,] og rks vua
r g,4 tks g,] og eq>ls igys vk,j mlds ckn Hh g,4 ysfdu eX gwa] ;g gekjk fl
GZ Sd léeksgu g,4 ;g gekjh cpiu ls id\Lh gqB Vtnxh dh Sd vknr g, tks
dke pykM g,4

’kwU; lekf/k
vxj vkius dHh dksB léeksgu dk iz;ksx ns[k g,] rks vki cgqr g,jku gks tkSaxs4
léeksgu eX ge tks eku ysrs gT] ogh l®; gks tkrk g,4 tks ge ¬ohdkj dj ysrs
gT] eu mlh ds fyS jkth gks tkrk g,4 léeksgu gekjs fpR eX mu 'fDr;kX dks
i,nk dj nsrk g,] tks gekjh ugC gT4
ge lc Hh ßls thrs gT4 vxj Sd ¬_h ;k Sd iqQ" vkidks cgqr izfrdj yxus
yxs] rks vki 'k;n lkspX fd lp eX ogka lkTn;Z g,4 lc lkTn;Z vkids }kjk vkjksf
ir vk,j léeksfgriw<Z gksrk g,4 blfyS gj eq¥d eX t,lh lkTn;Z dh vknrX gT] o,l
k gh lqanj yxus yxrk g,4
vÌhdk eX dksB dk,e ßlh g, ftleX f¬_;kX ds cky ?ksI dj laü;kfl;kX t,ls dj ns
rs gT] vk,j mügX pednkj cukrs gT4 ftl ¬_h dh [ksi\Lh ftruh pednkj fudy
vkS] og mruh lqanj ekuh tkrh g,4 vki ml ¬_h dks ns[dj HkxXxs vk,j ihNs
ugC yk,IXxs4 ysfdu ogka dksB ml ¬_h ds fyS nhokuk Hh gks ldrk g,4
ge rks vius eq¥d eX laü;kfl;kX ds flj ?qIokrs gT4 blfyS ?qIokrs gT] rkfd dks
B mu ij eksfgr gks4 ge laü;kfl;kX dks dqWi cukus dh dksf'' djrs gT] rkfd
mu ij léeksfgr u gks tkS4 fdlh Hkafr dksB mlds izfr vkd√"r u gks tkS4
lc rjg dh v≈yhusl3dqWirk i,nk djus dh dksf'' djrs gT] rkfd laü;kfluh
dqWi gks] rkfd vki vkd√"r u gkX4 ij gekjs ;gka gh laü;kflfu;ka vÌhdk tkS
] rks muds c\Ls izseh fey ldrs gT4
dksB dk,e ekurh g, fd vkXO ftrus irys gkX mrus gh lqanj gkXxs4 vk,j dksB dk,
e ekurh g, fd vkXO ftrus eksIs gkX mrus gh lqanj gksrs gT4 vkXOkX dks pk,\Lk djus
ds fyS vkXOkX eX i®Fj cka/ ysrs gT4 i®Fj yIdk ysrs gT] cpiu ls rkfd vkXO p
k,\Ls gks tkS4 tc vkXO brus pk,\Ls gks tkrs gT fd psgjs ij flGZ vkXO gh fn[k;h i\
Lrs gT rks ¬_h ije lqanj gks tkrh g,4 mls izseh fey tkrk g,4
dksB dk,e ekurh g, fd ftls ge lkTn;Z dgrs gT] og ogh g,] ;k gekjk léeksgu
g,` ;k geus vknr cuk j[h g,` vHh vkidks irk g,] vkt ls ipkl lky ig
ys dsDIl lqanj ugC Fk2 vk,j dksB ?j eX j[ ysrk] ik,/k yxk ysrk] rks ge mls
ikxy dgus yxrs4 dgrs fd bldk fnekx [jkc gks x;k g,4 vc dsDIl c\Lk cq
f0tu gks x;k g,] c\Lk dq'kxz gks x;k g,4 vc dsDIl xzkeh< ugC jg x;k g,4 v
c fdlh vkneh ds ?j eX dsDIl ugC g, rks og vud¥pLZ g, flfoykb†L ugC g,4
vc tks f'f{r vkneh g,] mlds ?j eX dkaIkX okyk ik,/k tWjh g,4 ipkl lky
igys xqykc lqanj Fk] vc dsDIl us xqykc dh txg ys yh g,4 mlus xqykc ls d
gk] mRjkX Vlgklu ls] cgqr fnu rqe jg fyS] vc ge Mij vk xS4 dsDIl us
cgqr fnu xjhch dk thou th fy;k4 txg [kyh djus ds fyS xqykc gI x;k
g,4 vc dsDIl c,Ok g,4 dsDIl c\Lk lqanj ekywe i\L jgk g, tks dHh lqanj u ek
ywe i\Lk4 dsDIl dHh lqanj Fk` dHh lqanj u Fk4 dksB vkæp;Z ugC g,4 vknr
vk,j u;k léeksgu2 Mc xS ge xqykc ds Gwy ls4 fpdukiu Mc nsrk g,] rks [q

’kwU; lekf/k
jnjsiu dh bπNk 'qW gks tkrh g,4 vc [qjnjsiu vπNk yxrk g,4 vc phtkX ls
vkneh Mc tkrkg,4 fGj uS léeksgu i,nk djrk pyk tkrkg,4 ftls ge lkTn;Z
dgrs gT] og gekjk léeksgu ek_ g,4
phu eX fpiIh ukd lqanj gksrh g,4 xkykX dh gfÒ;ka mOh gqB gks rks lqanj yxrh gT
4 gekjs ;gka xksy dh gfÒ;ka Mij mOh gqB gks] rks fGj lqanj gksuk cgqr eqfædy
gks tkSxk4 lqanj D;k g,` gekjk Fksik gqvk Hko4 blfyS i1ƒoh ij gtkjkX rjg
ds lkTn;Z gT4 ßlk dksB vkneh ugC] ftls fdlh dksus eX lqanj u ekuk tk lds4
ßlk Hh dksB vkneh ugC] tks nwljs dksus eX vlqanj u gks tkS4 gekjh vknrX gT]
/kj<kSa gT4 lqanj geX fn[kB i\Lus yxrk g,4 D;kXfd geus ns[uk 'qW dj fn;k g,
4 ge ftleX lkTn;Z ns[us yxrs gT] ogh lqanj yxus yxrk g,4
Sd fe_ lksfo;r la? xS Fs4 muds gkF c\Ls dksey Fs4 dHh dksB dke ugC fd
;k4 f¬_;kX t,ls gkF4 gkF] gkF eX ys yX vk,j vka[ can dj yX] rks ßlk yxs fd
;g ¬_h dk gkF g,4 iqQ" dk ugC4 tks vkneh mudk ¬okxr djus vk;k Fk S;j
iksIZ ij] mlus gkF feykrs gh gkF ihNs dj fy;k4 dqN g,jku gqS4 mügkXus iwNk]
D;k gqvk` mlus dgk] vki tjk gkF ds izfr lko/ku jguk4 Wl eX ge ßls g
kF dks 'ks"d dk] [wu ihus okys dk gkF le>rs gT4 vkids gkF eX etnwjh ds ?
Ès ugC gT4 vkidk gkF †;kX gh Nqvk] [Cp fy;k4 vki vπNs vkneh ugC g,4 Hkj
r eX tks Hh mudk gkF Nwrk] dgrk /ü; g, vki2 brus lqanj gkF2 rks os dgus
yxs fd eT vius gkF tsc eX Lky dj j[us yxk4 ftl vkneh ls Hh mlus gkF
feyk;k] mlus viuk gkF ßls [Cpk t,ls fdlh xy vkneh dk gkF Nw fy;k g,4
Wl eX léeku cny x;k g,4 vc os dgrs gT fd gkF eX ?Ès gksus pkfgS4 etnwjh
dh Nki gksuh pkfgS4 etnwjh dh Nki ugC] rks og vπNk vkneh ugC4
vxj egkohj ;k cq0 pys tkS Wl eX] rks c\Lh eqfædy eX i\L tkSaxs4 muds gk
F ij etnwjh ds ?Ès dh Nki ugC g,4 vk,j ge` ge dgrs gT pj< dey vkids
i,j dey dh Hkafr gT] Wl eX dgXxs i,j vkids g®;kjs ds gT4 gkF vkids nq‘I ds
gT4 ;s gkF u pyXxs Wl eX2 D;kX` D;kXfd léeksgu cny x;k g,4 u;k léeksgu
i,nk dj fy;k x;k g,4 vc os mlds vanj th jgs gT4 lkTn;Z gekjk léeksgu g,4
dqWirk Hh léeksgu g,4 gekjh Vtnxh eX cgqr ls léeksgu gT] tks gekjs [;ky eX
ugC vkrs4 vk,j tc gekjs [;ky eX ugC vkrs] rks ge mueX gh ftS pys tkrs
gT4
vxj Sd vkneh vius flj ds cky m[k\Lus yxs] rks vki mls ikxy[kus eX Hst
nXxs4 vxj og t,u eqfu gks tkS] rks vki mlds i,j NqSaxs2 ;s flj ds cky m[k\
Lrk vkneh] t,u eqfu u gks] rks ikxy[kus tkSxk vk,j vxj t,u eqfu g,] rks p
ysxk] D;kX` D;kXfd t,u eqfu ds vklikl tks yksx gT] os cky m[k\Lus dh izf∂;k
ls gtkjkX lky ls léeksfgr gT4 os ;gh dgrs gT fd ;g ri¬oh dk y{< g,4 vxj
vki ¬uku u djX] rks vkidh i®uh vkidks ?j ds ckgj dj nsxh4 ysfdu t,u eq

’kwU; lekf/k
fu gks tkS vk,j ¬uku u djX rks vkidh i®uh vkids i,j NqSxh fd vki ij ri¬
oh gT4 D;kXfd ¬uku u djus ls t,u léeksfgr gks x;k g,4 og dgrk g,] ¬uku dj
uk Hksfx;kX dh ckr g,4 vkneh dh ¬uku djus dh D;k tWjr g,` mls 'jhj lt
kus dh D;k tWjr g,` ge ftl pht ls léeksfgr gks tkrs gT] og gekjs eu dks
id\L ysrh g,4
vc rks nks gh jk¬rs gT] ;k rks ge le> yX vk,j iw<Z léeksgu ls eqDr gks tkS4
lexz n1f‘I vk ldrh g,] vxj dksB ø;fDr viu thou ø;ogkj eX] mOrs c,Ous eX
] pyus fGj us eX] bl ckr dh [kst dj ys fd eT léeksfgr gksdj th jgk gwa4
léeksgu NwIuk 'qW gks tkSxk4 ysfdu vxj ge u le> ikS] rks Sd7Sd léeks
gu ds fyS foijhr léeksgu dh vkoæ;drk i\L tkSxh4
tks yksx izKk dks miyç/ gks ldrs gT] vaLj ¬ITVLx dks] muds fyS dHh fdlh ÷
;ku vk,j vk,j lekf/ dh tWjr ugC g,4 tks yksx ugC gks ldrs] dgrs gT fd d
kaIk rks geeX x\Lk gh g,] ge d,ls eku yX fd ugC x\Lk g,` vc muds fyS Sd
vk,j udyh dkaIk Hh Btkn djuk i\Lksxs] tks iqjkus dkaIs dks fudkysxk4 rks ftls
eTus jkr dgk g,] og léeksgu gh g,4 vkids iwoZ léeksgu dks u‘I djus ds fyS]
budks xzg< djus ds fyS] buds fyS foijhr léeksgu dh f¬Ffr i,nk djus dh
tWjr g,4
ysfdu vkidks yxrk g, fd dksB tWjr ugC g,4 foijhr léeksgu dh4 eT le>
ldrk gwa fd ;s léeksgu gT vk,j le>iwoZd eqDr gks tkMaxk4 blls 'qH dqN Hh
ugC g,4 vxj vki le>iwoZd eqDr gks ldX] rks bleX 'qH dqN ugC g,4
eTus lquk g,3Sd vkneh nks o"Z ls i,jykb†L Fk] mls ydok yx x;k Fk4 og fg
y Lqy ugC ldrk Fk4 mO ugC ldrk Fk4 fpfd®ld gkj xS Fs] fpfd®lk dj
rs7djrs4 Ohd gks tkrk] vxj lp eX ydok yxk gksrk4 fpfd®ld eqfædy eX Fs
4 Ohd d,ls gks` chekjh Fh ;g ckr ugC3og vkneh d,ls ekus` ftldk gkF u
fgyrk gks] i,j u fgyrk gks] og vkneh d,ls ekus fd chekjh >wOh g,` fGj Sd
fnu vk/h jkr eX edku eX vkx yx x;h4 ?j ds yksx ckgj gks xS vk,j og
tks ydos ls chekj vkneh Fk] og Hh nk,\L dj ckgj igqap x;k4
og nks lky ls ugC gqvk Fk4 tc og ckgj vk x;k] rks ?j ds yksxkX us dgk3v
js vki Hh vk xS2
og vkneh ogC fxj x;k4 mlus dgk] eT py ldrk gwa` ;g d,ls gqvk] dqN le
> eX ugC vkrk2 og ydos ls ihf\Lr Fk4 vxj ;g vkneh Hh le> lds] rks y
dos ls ckgj gks tkS4 D;kXfd mlds edku eX >wOh vkx yxkuh i\Lh rkfd og ck
gj fudy vkS4 vxj ;g dgX fd geX ydok g,]rks fGj Sd vkx dk bartke d
juk i\Ls] ftlls og nk,\Ldj ckgj vk tkS4 vxj ;g le> tkS] rks ckr [®e
gks x;h4 fGj blds edku eX vkx yxkus dh dksB tWjr ugC jg tkSxh4

’kwU; lekf/k
le> yX] ysfdu cgqr dfOu g,] le>uk4 dfOu blfyS g, fd ge viuh chekfj
;kX dks izse djus yxrs gT4 'kjhfjd chekfj;ka ls rks ge NqIdkjk ikuk pkgrs gT]
ej ekufld chekfj;kX dks ge tks ls id\L ysrs gT4 D;kXfd ekufld chekjh ij
gh gekjk gksuk fuHZj g,] tks fd lcls c\Lh chekjh g,] eT dh Bxks dh4 og gh
NwI tkS] rks ge dgka gkXxs`
rks vkneh Ljrk g,4 og vius eksg dks lqjf{r id\Ls jgrk g,4 vxj mlds i,j
eX vkids i,j dk] Hh\L eX /Ddk yx tkS rks og dgsxk fd tkurs ugC gT fd eT
dk,u gwa` [qn mls Hh irk ugC g, fd og dk,u g,` nwljs ls dgrk g,] tkurs ug
C eT dk,u gwa`
og eT dks cpk jgk g,] Hze dek jgk g,4 xjhc Hh fn[kuk pkgrk g, viuh eT
dks] ysfdu fn[kus ds yk;d lk/u ugC gT mlds ikl2 ;gh xjhc dks rdyhG g,
4 vehj lk/uk [kst ysrk g,] mls eT ds fyS lgkjk fey tkrk g,4 og dgrk g,
fd ;g jgk esjk eT4 vk,j ;s jgs esjs lk/u2 Sd c\Lk edku cukrk g,4 c\Lk e
dku jgus ds fyS tWjh ugC g,4 ysfdu c\Lk edku] c\Ls eT dks izdI djus ds f
yS cgqr tWjh g,4 jkg rks 'k;n NksIs edku eX Hh tk lds vk,j 'k;n c\Ls ed
ku ls †;knk lqfo/k ls jgk tk lds4 ysfdu`
eT vHh Sd ?j eX esgeku Fk4 ml ?j eX †;knk ugC rks de ls de lk, dejs
gkXxs] ifr i®uh vdsys gT4 lkjk edku [kyh g,4 ia–g chl uk,dj j[us i\Lrs gT]
tks lkjs edku dks lkG djrs jgX4 eTus muls iwNk] bruk c\Lk edku D;kX` brus
uk,dj pkdj flGZ edku lkG djus ds fyS` ;g Ohd ugC g,2 vkids jgus ds
fyS ;g tWjr ls †;knk g,4
os galus yxs4 mudh eq¬dqjkgI eX muds vgadkj us c\Lk fo¬rkj ik fy;k4 mudh
galh us dgk fd ge dksB lk/kj< vkneh ugC gT] fd Sd dejs eX jg yX4 c\Ls
vkneh dks dB dejkX eX jguk i\Lrk g,4 ge dksB lk/kj< vkneh ugC] tks fd
Sd fc¬rj ij lks tkS4 gedks dB fc¬rjkX ij lksuk i\Lrk g,4 ge dksB lk/kj<
ugC] tks Sd gh di\Lk igu dj cktkj eX fudy tkS4 c\Ls vkneh dks dB di\
Ls Sd lkF iguus i\Lrs gT4 mudh eq¬dqjkgI G,y x;h4 mudh eq¬dqjkgI us dqN
dgk ugC] ysfdu dgk fd ge SGksLZ dj ldrs gT4 ge lk, dejs Hh j[ ldrs
gT4
;g eT bl dh chekjh dks ge lc rjG ls ikslrs gT4 blfyS NksIh dqlñ nq[ nsus
yxrh g,6 D;kXfd c\Lh dqlñ okys dk eT c\Lk gksrk g,4 NksIh dqlñ okys dks tjk f
ldq\L dj eT izdI djuk i\Lrk g,4 gka] vius ls NksIh dqlñ okys ds lkeus og t
jk G,y ldrk g,4 Mij dh dqlñ okyk vkrk g,] rks iwN fgykus yxrs gT4 fGj ß
lk yxrk g, fd og dqlñ fey tkS] rks fdlh ds lkeus iwN u fgykuh i\Ls vk,j
lkjs yksx esjs lkeus iwaN fgykus yxs4

’kwU; lekf/k
blhfyS nk,\L pyus yxrh g,4 d,ls jk‘I≠ifr gks tkMa] d,ls iz/kuea_h cu tkMa4
fGj ;fn gks tkS] rks tc rd ej u tkS] rqe txg dks ugC Nks\Lrk4 txg Nks\
L ns rks eqfædy eX i\L Hh tkrk g,] fGj uhps mrj vkrk g,4 fGj eT dks fldks\L
uk i\Lrk vk,j eqfædy gks tkrk g,4 eT vxj G,y tkS rks fldks\Luk cgqr gh d‘I
iw<Z gks tkrk g,4 fGj cgqr gh eqlhcr gks tkrh g,] mls mlh txg ykuk4 blfy
S Sd fefu¬Ij uhps mrj tkS fefu¬Ijh ls] rks c\Lh eqfædy [\Lh gks tkrh g,4
rdyhG fefu¬Ijh [ks nsus dh otg ls ugC gksrh4 rdyhG bl ckr dh gks tk
rh g, fd fefu¬Ij dk vgadkj G,y x;k gksrk g,] t,ls fldq\L tkuk i\Lrk g,4
eT Sd xkao eX esgeku Fk vk,j Sd izns' ls xqtj jgk Fk4 ml izns' ds eq“;ea_h
lkF Fs4 vc rks ugC jgs os vc rks HwriwoZ gks xS gT4 jk¬rs eX mudh dkj fcx\
L x;h4 jk¬rk lqulku Fk] cgqr de xkf\L;ka ds xqtjus dh méehn Fh4 ogka ls
dsoy Sd uku ¬Iki cl xqtjrh Fk4 mügkXus dgk] dksB Vprk dh ckr ugC g,4 o
g Qdrh rks ugC g,] ij mls Qdok yXxs4 HwriwoZ eq“;ea_h Fs] lkspk Qdok yXxs4
rks ml ek,ds ij] tgka iqfyl dk vkneh lksrk Fk] tkdj mls mügkXus txk;k vk,j
mlls dgk] tks cl ;gka ls xqtjrh g, mls Qdokuk g,4 og ;gka Qdrh rks ugC
g,4 ijarq gekjh xk\Lh fcx\L x;h g,4
rks ml iqfyl us dgk] egkjkt3-os czk‰< gT vk,j tc Hh eq“;ea_h cuus ds fy
S czk‰< gksuk c\Lk tWjh g,=3egkjkt] c\Lh eqfædy g,] og u Qdsxh4 mügkXus d
gk] D;k dgrs gks` u Qdsxh` tkurs ugC fd eT dk,u gwa`
mlus dgk] eT tkurk gwa] vkidks u tkuwa` ijarq vki HwriwoZ gT4 ml dka¬Isfcy us
dgk fd vki HwriwoZ gT2 cl u Qdsxh4
eq“;ea_h us Sd rjG rks ml dka¬Isfcy dh vksj ns[k] nwljs esjh vksj ns[k4 mu
ds vgadkj dks ßlh ih\Lk gqB] bruh tksj ls gqB] t,lh dHh u gqB gksxh2 Sdne
fldq\L xS4 tc mlus dgk3HwriwoZ gT] cl ugC Qdsxh4
vc Sd dka¬Isfcy us Sd eq“;ea_h dh iwaN fgykok nh4 dka¬Isfcy dks Hh rks dH
h7dHh ek,dk feyuk pkfgS2 dB ckj os mlds vklikl ?weX gkXxs6 ijarq vc ßlk
yxus yxk fd ;fn iqjkuk tekuk gksrk rks dg nsrs /jrh ekrk ls eq“;ea_h] vk,
j mleX lek tkrs4 eTus dgk] i1ƒoh ekrk ls dqN er dfgS4 mldks Hh ek,dk fe
yk g,] vkidks Hh fey pqdk g,4 mldks Hh ek,dk feyuk pkfgS4 lcdks feyuk
pkfgS4
gekjk tks vgadkj g,] og ßlk jksx g, fd ftl ge izse djrs gT mls Nks\LX d,ls`
mls ge cpkrs fGjrs gT4 ij ;fn dksB mls rks\Lus okyk g, rks ge ls nqæeu le>
rs gT4 ge mls d,ls rks\LXxs` gekjs ekufld chekfj;ka gekjs fyS cgqr izhfrdj g
ksrh g,4 geus mügX ikyk g,] ikslk g,] ikuh ls lCpk g,] [knh nh g,] c\Lk fd;k g,
fdlh rjg4 ge mügX d,ls Nq\LkSaxs`

’kwU; lekf/k
;k rks og ;g le> ys fd vgadkj dh ;g lkjh ;k_k Sd vk®eléeksgu g,4 eT

ø;FZ gh mls Mij Fksis pyk tk jgk gwa4 ;fn ;g le> eX u vk lds] rks eT eku
rk gwa fd geX mlls m¥Ik iz;ksx 'qW dj nsuk pkfgS4 geX eT dks feIkus dk Hko
djuk pkfgS4 'k;n t,ls geus eT dks cuk;k g,] o,ls gh feIk Hh ldX4 vxj Hko
ls cuk g, rks foijhr Hko ls feI tkSxk vk,j rc [kyh txg jg tkSxh4
eT léeksgu ds i{ eX Hh gwa vk,j foi{ eX Hh4 foi{ eX blfyS fd ;fn léeksgu
Hze eX yx tkrk g, rks] vk,j ;fn léeksgu iqjkus Hze dks Nks\Lrk gks vk,j fjDr
rk eX ys vkrk g, rks i{ eX gwa4 ikftfIo léeksgu ds fojks/ eX gwa vk,j usxsfIo l
éeksgu ds i{ eX gwa4 ;g Hh léeksgu g, fd eT dqN Hh ugC gwa4 ysfdu eT gwa] bl
léeksgu ds foi{ eX gwa] D;kXfd ;g l®; ls lnk nwj ys tkSxk4 eT ugC gwa] bl
léeksgu ds i{ eX gwa6 D;kXfd ;g l®; ds fujarj ikl ys tkSxk4
rc ÷;ku jgs3jk¬rk rks ogh gksrk g, nwj tkus ds fyS Hh ikl vkus ds fyS Hh4
flGZ Q[ cny ysuk i\Lrk g,4 vxj eq>s vkids ikl vkuk g,] rks psgjk vkids
lkeus djds vkuk i\Lrk g,4 vk,j ;fn vkils nwj tkuk g, rks vkidh rjG ihO d
jds tkuk i\Lrk g,4 jk¬rk ogh gksrk g,4 vHh vki ftl jk¬rs ls ?j ls ;gka rd
vkS gT] ;gh jk¬rk okil yk,Ius dk Hh g,4 ysfdu vki vius eu eX dHh ;g u
lksfpS fd ;g jk¬rk rks ?j ls nwj ys tkus okyk g,] ?j d,ls ys tkSxk` ;gh
g, og jk¬rk] tks ?j ds ikl vkSxk4 GdZ ;g i\Lsxk fd tc nwj vkS Fs] rc ?
j dh rjG ihO djuh i\Lrh Fh vk,j tc ikl vkSaxs] tc ?j dh rjG eqag dj
uk i\Lksxs4 léeksgu nwj ys tk jgk g, geX] ihO dj yX viuh rjG] rks léeksgu
ikl ys vkSxk4 eT ßls léeksgu ds fojks/ eX gwa] tks fdlh d¥iuk dks etcwr dj
us ds fyS fd;k tkrk g,4 vk,j ßls léeksgu ds fcydqy i{ eX gwa] tks ßlh d¥i
ukvkX dks fol√tr djus ds fyS fd;k tkrk g,4 eT bl léeksgu ds fojks/ eX gwa]
fd vki lkspus yxX fd eT cz‰ gwa] cz‰ gwa4 ysfdu eT blds i{ eX gwa fd eT ugC
gwa3ugC gwa4 D;k GdZ g, bleX` cz‰ gksus eX vki Sd ikftfIø; léeksgu dj jgs
gT] ftldk vkidks irk ugC g,4 vkidks irk guC g, fd vki cgqr gT] vki Fksi
jgs gT vius Mij fd vki cz‰ gT4 gks dlrk g, vki léeksfgr gks tkS vk,j ßlk
yxus yxs fd vki cz‰ gT4 og Hze gksxk] l®; u gksxk4 cz‰ gksus ds fyS vki
dks vius dks léeksfgr djus dh dksB tWjr ugC g,6 D;kXfd vki cz‰ gT gh4
tc lkjk léeksgu IwI tkSxk] rc vkidks irk py tkSxk fd eT cz‰ gh gwa4 ysf
du vkius Sd nwljk léeksgu i,nk dj j[k g, fd eT ;g gwa] eT bldk firk gwa]
bldk csIk gwa] bldk ifr gwa b®;kfn7b®;kfn4 bl iF ij gwa] ;g esjk /eZ g,] ;
g esjh izfr‘Ok g,4 ;s lkjh mikf/;ka vkius v√tr dj yh gT d¥iuk eX4
eT bl léeksgu ds i{ eX gwa fd vki dgX fd esjk dksB uke ugC g,] u eT fdlh
dk csIk gwa] u cki gwa] u ifr gwa] eT dksB Hh ugC gwa] dksB Hh ugC gwa vk,j Sd ß
lh ?\Lh vk tkS fd vki dqN Hh u jg tkS4 vki fjDr gks tkS4 ftl {< ß

’kwU; lekf/k
lh ?\Lh vkSxh] vki fjDr gks tkSaxs4 Hhrj Sd fo¬GksI gksxk vk,j vkidks irk
pysxk fd eT cz‰ gwa4 ;g vkidks lkspuk u i\Lsxk4 ;g vkidks lkspuk u i\Lsxk4
;g rks cl gks tkSxk4 vius ls gh gks tkSxk4 ;g fo¬GksI gksxk4
lc] lc txg [kyh dj nX4 vki eafnj ls lc ew√r;ka gIk nX rks tks ew√r 's"
jg tkSxh] og ijek®ek gh gksxh4 vkids gIkus ds ckn] tc vkius eafnj fcydq
y [kyh dj fn;k] ;k dksB ew√r u j[h Fh os lc ew√r;ka gIk nh6 rc tks 's"
jg tkSxk3ogh ijek®ek g,4
fe_ us Ohd gh iwNk g,] og léeksgu gh g,] ysfdu dgC nwj fgîuksIkbts'u ls4 l
éeksgu] léeksgu rks\Lus ds fyS2 dkaIk >wOk] >wOs dkaIs dks vyx dj nsus ds fyS
vk,j vxj vkidh le> eX vk tkS fd dkaIk >wOk g,] blfyS g, gh ugC] rc rks
dksB loky ugC g,4 ckr [®e gks x;h4
ysfdu vxj ckr [®e u gks x;h gks] rks fGj dkaIs dks fudkyuk i\Lsxk4 og x\L
jgk g,4 >wOk gh lgh] ysfdu x\L jgk g,4 vπNh rjg nq[ ns jgk g,4 nwljk dkaIk
[kstuk i\Lsxk4 fGj nksukX dkaIs Sd nwljs dks dkI nXxs4 +< vk,j /u feydj 'w
ü; gks tkSxk4 dI tkus ij 'wü; jg tkSxk4 'wü; eX ¬o;a dk lk{k®dkj gks ld
rk g,4
vk,j dqN izæu jg xS gT4 mudh ckr dy djXxs4 ysfdu tks izæu] mRj ls le>
eX u vkSxk] og iz;ksx ls le> eX vk tkSxk4 ftügX lpeqp gh tkuuk g,] fl
GZ lquuk ugC g,] ftügX lp eX gh mrjuk g,] 'çn eX ugC] l®; eX gh pys tkuk
g,4
'ke ds fyS nks rhu lwpukSa [;ky eX j[uh gT fd ?j ls pyrs le; gh pqi
gksdj pyX4 ;gka igqap dj Hh tgka c,Ouk g,] pqipki vka[ can dj c,O tkS4 r,;
kjh ds lkF vkS] rkfd ogka igqaprs7igqaprs eu fcydqy r,;kj gks tkS4 ml Sd
?aIs eX u rks fdlh ls ckr djX] u fdlh dh fGdj djX] u fdlh dh rjG ns[X
4 ml Sd ?aIs eX vki vdsys gh gkX4
vk,j ml ?aIs eX vkils ftruh Hh lkeƒ;Z gks] iwjh lkeƒ;Z yxk nX4 vius lc lée
ksgu dkIus eX >wOs dkaIkX dks gIkus eX yx tkS4 dksB vkæp;Z ugC] dksB otg ugC
g, fd vkt gh D;kX u mn?kIu gks lds4 le; dksB ck/k ugC g, vk,j bl [;k
y eX Hh u jgX fd fiNys tüe ds deZ ck/k nXxs4 bl [;ky eX Hh er jguk f
d Hk≈; jksd ysxk4 bl [;ky eX Hh er jguk fd eT iki e; gwa] vf/dkjh u
gC gwa4
ijek®ek dks ikus ds fyS iz®;sd vkneh vf/dkjh g,4 vk,j ijek®ek dks ikus ds f
yS dksB Hh ck/k] fdlh Hh tüe ds fdlh deZ ls dHh ugC i\Lrh g,4 ßlk gh]
t,ls Hou eX gtkjkX lkykX dk va/dkj Hjk gks] vk,j lkspX fd vkt nh;k tykus
ls d,ls feIsxk3gtkj lky fn;k tykSaxs rHh feIsxk4 ugC] gtkj lky dk va/d

’kwU; lekf/k
kj gks fd djks\L lky dk] nh;k tyk;k fd feI tkrk g,4 va/sjs dh dksB ijrX u
gC gksrh4
vKku dh dksB ijr ugC gksrh4 Kku dk nh;k tykrs gh le¬r vKku feI tkrk
g,4 blls dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk fd fdrus tüekX rd vKku eX vkneh HIdk g,]
va/sjs eX jgk g,] nh;k tyk vk,j va/sjk feIk4
vk,j ÷;ku jgs3va/sjk] fnS dks tyus ls jksd ugC ldrk4 va/sjs ds ikl dksB rk
dr gh ugC g,] tks fnS dks tyus ls jksd ns4 va/sjk fcydqy vfuoñ; g,] béiksIXI
g,4 og dqN dj ugC ldrk4 vKku Hh béiksIXI g,] dqN Hh ck/d ugC cu ld
rk4
ßlk u lkspX fd fGj dHh gksxk4 vxj rkdr yxkS] rks vkt dh vk,j vHh] ;
gh gks ldrk g,4 rks jkr mu lcds fyS fuea_< g,] tks mrjuk pkgrs gT] Fks\Lk
lkgl djds 'wü;kX eX] rkfd mls feyu gks lds] tks gekjk vlyh gksuk g,4
esjh ckrkX dks bruh 'kafr vk,j izse ls lquk] blds fyS vuqx1ghr gwa4 vk,j var eX
lcds Hhrj c,Os ijek®ek dks iz<ke djrk gwa4 esjs iz<ke ¬ohdkj djX4
ek,u dk ¬oj
esjs fiz; vk®eu]
Sd fe_ us iwNk g, fd mifu"nkX eX dgk x;k g, fd ijek®e®o mlh dks izkîr gks
rk g,] ftlds xys eX og ijek®e r®o ¬o;a gh ekyk Lky ns4 bldk D;k vFZ gq
vk` blls lk/d dh lk/uk fuQi;ksxh ugC gks x;h`
;g loky cgqr eg®oiw<Z g,4 bls le>us eX Fks\Lh dfOukB Hh gks ldrh g,4 ig
yh ckr rks ;g g, fd lk/d ds fcuk mik; ds og ugC feysxk] vk,j nwljh ckr
r®dky ;g Hh fd flGZ lk/d ds mik; ls mls ugC ik;k tk ldrk4 lk/ ds
iz;®u ls Hh ugC feyrk g, og4 djrk g, vk,j iz;®u dj7dj ds Fd tkrk g,] g
kj tkrk g,] lekîr gks tkrk g,4 vk,j ;g vgadkj Hh iz;®u djrs7djrs IwI tkrk
g, fd eT ik ldwaxk4 ftl {< izæu ml txg igqaprk g, fd iz;®u Hh ø;FZ fn[
kB i\Lus yxrk g,] vk,j lk/d dk ;g vgadkj Hh pyk tkrk g, fd eT mls ik l
dwaxk] mlh {< og miyç/ gksrk g,4 iz;®u dh vlGyrk ij mldh izkfîr g,4
blfyS tc fdlh dks og feyrk g,] rc mls ßlk gh yxrk g, fd mldh Îik]
mlds izlkn ls feyk4 D;kXfd eT rks iz;®u dj7dj ds gkj x;k vk,j ik ugC ldk
4 ysfdu ;g nwljh ckr Hh xyr g,4 mlds izlkn ls ugC feyrk4 D;kXfd vxj
mldh Îik ls feyrk gks] rc rks bldk ;g vFZ gqvk fd mlds }kj ij Hh fd
lh ds fyS Îik g,] rks fdlh ds fyS ugC g,4 rc rks bldk vFZ gqvk fd ijek®
ek Hh fdlh ds izfr eksg j[rk g,] vk,j fdlh ds izfr c\Lh fojfDr4 vk,j fdlh
dks ns nsrk g, vk,j fdlh dks ugC nsrk4

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ugC2 ml }kj ij ßlk Hsn laHo ugC g,4 mldh Îik ls gh feyrk g,4 bldk v
FZ ;g ugC g, fd mldh Îik ls gh feyrk g,4 mldh Îik rks lHh dks miyç/
g,4 mldh Îik eX fdlh ds izfr dksB HsnHko ugC g,4 gks Hh ugC ldrk4 fGj t
c dksB lk/d ;g dgrk g, fd mldh Îik ls feyk] rks vly eX og ;g dgrk
g, fd tc eT lc iz;®u ugC djrk Fk4 rks lk/d D;k dgs` mls ßlk gh izrhr
gksrk g, fd mldh gh Îik ls feyk] D;kXfd mlds iz;kl ls rks ugC feyk4
esjh ckr le>s vki` lk/d dh dfOukB g,4 mlds iz;kl ls ugC feyk4 rks og
d,ls dgs fd esjs iz;kl ls feyk` ysfdu fey rks x;k4 vc og D;k dgs` og d
grk g,] mldh Îik ls feyk4 ysfdu ;g Hh lk/d dh Hkafr g,4 mldh Îik rks
lcds fyS cjkcj miyç/ g,4 ysfdu mldh Îik ds fyS gekjs gh }kj can gT4
gekjs }kj rc [qyrs gT] tc gekjk vgadkj ugC gksrk g,4 drkZiu dk vgadkj l
cls lw”e vgadkj vk,j lk/uk dk vgadkj vafre vgadkj g,4 /u dk vgadkj Nks\
L nsuk cgqr vklku g,] ;' dk vgadkj Nks\L nsuk Hh cgqr dfOu ugC g,4
ysfdu ri dk] riæp;kZ dk] ®;kx dk] lk/uk dk] izkFZuk dk] /eZ dk] ;ksx dk
vgadkj Nks\Luk lokZf/d dfOu g,] D;kXfd vgadkj eX c\Ls xgjs eX ;g fNih g, f
d eT ik ywaxk] vk,j eT gh ck/k g,4 bls Sd NksIh lh ?Iuk ls le>kMa4
cq0 us Ng o"Z rd riæp;kZ dh4 tks Hh ftlus dgk] ogh mügkXus fd;k4 fdlh
us dgk miokl] rks mügkXus miokl fdS yacs4 fdlh us dgk fd 'h"kZlu djks] rks
'h"Zlku fdS4 fdlh us dgk fd uke tiks] rks uke tik4 ftlus tks dgk] og
djrs jgs4 Ng o"Z fujarj iz;kl djds Hh dgC igqaps ugC4 ogC Fs] tgka ls ;k_k
'qW dh Fh4 Sd ckj fujatuk unh eX ¬uku djus mrjs Fs4 nsg nqcZy gks x;h Fh
4 yacs miokl fdS Fs4 unh eX rst /kj Fh4 mruh Hh 'fDr u Fh fd unh ls
ckgj fudy vkS4 rks o1{ dh Sd t\L dks id\Ldj fdlh rjG Qds jgs4 ml t\
L dks id\Ls7id\Ls mügX [;ky vk;k fd bruk fucZy gks x;k gwa] unh Hh ikj ugC
gksrh] tks thou dh c\Lh unh dks d,ls ikj dj ikMaxk` Ng o"Z ø;rhr gks xS
] og lc dj pqdk tks dj ldrk Fk4 vc rks djus ;ks≈; 'fDr Hh ugC cph g,
4 vc D;k gksxk vk,j lcdj fy;k g, fu‘OkiwoZd] ysfdu mlds dksB n'Zu ugC gq
S4 /u Nks\L xS Fs] ;' Nks\L xS Fs] jk†; Nks\L xS Fs4 ijarq ml fnu fujatuk
unh ds mO rI ij vafre vgadkj Hh ø;FZ gks x;k fd vius iz;kl ls ik ywaxk4
fGj os fdlh Hkafr unh ls fudys vk,j ikl ds Sd o1{ ds uhps foJke djus y
xs4 ml la÷;k mügkXus lk/uk Hh Nks\L nh4 dguk pkfgS] lk/uk Hh NwI x;h4 lc
NwI x;k4 ;g Hh NwI x;k fd eT ik ywaxk4 Ng lky dh vlGyrk us crk fn;k
Fk fd ;g Hh ugC gks ldrk ml ls2 ml la÷;k eX cq0 ds eu dh d¥iuk dj
uk Hh gekjs fyS c\Lk dfOu g,4 ml jkr mudk eu dqN Hh djus dh f¬Ffr eX
u jgk4 /u dh nk,\L ugC Fh] ;' dh nk,\L ugC Fh4 vkt l®; dh Hh nk,\L u
Fh4 D;kXfd nk,\L ls ik ywaxk] ;g ckr gh lekîr gks x;h Fh4 ml jkr os ije fu

’kwU; lekf/k
Væpr Fs4 dksB Vprk u Fh4 /eZ dh Vprk Hh u Fh4 ijek®ek dks ikus dk [;k
y u Fk4 os v®;ar vlgk;] gkjs gqS] loZgkjk] ml jkr lks xS] og igyh jkr
Fh] ftl jkr os iwjh rjg lksS Fs4 D;kXfd eu eX vc dqN djus dks u cpk Fk
4 lc ø;FZ gks x;k4 djuk ek_ ø;FZ gks x;k Fk vk,j ej x;k Fk4 lqcg ikap c
ts ds djhc mudh vka[ [qyh4 vkf[jh rkjk Lwc jgk4 mügkXus ml Lwcrs gqS vkf
[jh rkjs dks ns[k4 vkt mudh le> ls ckgj Fk fd D;k dWaxk` lqcg mO dj
D;k dWaxk` D;kXfd djuk lHh lekîr gks x;k Fk4 /u dh nk,\L igys gh NwI
pwdh Fh4 ;' dh nk,\L Hh igys NwI pqdh Fh4 jkr eX /eZ dh nk,\L Hh NwI x;h
Fh4
os Sd 'wü; eX Fs] tgka djuk Hh ugC lw> jgk Fk4 Sdne [kyh Fs4 vpkud m
ügX yxk fd eT ftl [kst jgk Fk] og fey x;k4 og Hhrj ls mHj vk;k g,4 m
l 'kar eX tc >hy dh lc ygjX cg x;h FC] vkf[jh ygj tks /eZ ds fyS e
pyrh Fh] og Hh Ogj x;h Fh4 ml {< mügkXus tkuk fd ftls eT [kst jgk Fk
] og rks fey x;k4 tc yksx muls iwNrs fd d,ls vkius ik;k` rks og dgrs fd
tc rd d,ls dk eTus mik; fd;k] rc rd rks ik;k gh guC4 tc esjs lc mik
; [ks xS] rc eTus ns[k fd ftls eT [kst jgk Fk] og rks esjs Hhrj gh ek,twn
g,4
vly eX ftls ge [kst jgs gT] og gekjs Hhrj gh ek,twn g,4 vk,j ge [kst eX b
rus ø;¬r gT fd tks Hhrj ek,twn g, mldh dksB [cj gh ugC4 [kst Hh rks [k
tkuh pkfgS4 [kst Hh feI tkuh pkfgS4 [kst Hh feI tkuh pkfgS] rHh mld
k irk pysxk4 tks Hhrj g,4 D;kXfd rc ge dgka tkSaxs` [kst eX fpR dgC py
k tkrk g,4 tc dgC Hh [kstXxs ugC] rc vius uI yk,I vkSaxs4 fGj dksB jk¬rk
ugC jgks4 rc ml {< eX og feysxk4
ml {< eX tc feysxk] rc d,ls dgX fd eTus ik fy;k` mifu"n Ohd gh dgrs
gT fd tc ogh ojekyk iguk nsrk g,] tc ogh xys eX ekyk Lky nsrk g,] rHh f
eyrk g,4
ysfdu mifu"n xyr Hh dgrs gT4 D;kXfd og fdlh ds Hh xys eX ekyk u iguk
S] ßlh ckr ugC g,4 og rks ekyk fyS lcds gh xykX ds lkeus [\Lk g,4 tc r
d ge dks nwj j[rs gT] rc rd og Hh D;k djs` tc ge xyk uhps >qdk ysrs
gT] rks og ekyk Ly tkrh g,4 ekyk ge lcds xys ds ikl fyS] ijek®ek [\Lk
g,4 ysfdu xyk >qduk Hh pkfgS4 >qdsxk d,ls`
lk/d ugC >qdrk4 lk/d c\Lk vd\Lk gksrk g,4 lk/d cgqr vgadkj eX thrk g,]
c\Lk lkf®od] c\Lk lqanj] c\Lk ifo_] vgadkjh gksrk g,4 lk/d ifo_ vgadkjh g,
4 gkykafd vgadkj ifo_ gks] rks Hh D;k GdZ i\Lrk g,` vgadkj] vgadkj g,4
ifo_ tgj dk D;k eryc gksrk g,` dksB eryc ugC gksrk4 ifo_ tgj dk e
ryc gqvk] tks vk,j Hh dalsI≠sL gks vk,j Hh 'qH gks2 vk,j ifo_ tgj dk eryc

’kwU; lekf/k
dqN vL¥Ijs'u Hh g, mleX4 ifo_ tgj dk eryc flGZ tgj gh tgj g,4 ml
eX dqN Hh feyk gqvk ugC g,4 ifo_ vgadkj Hh 'q0 tgj g,] ftleX dqN feyk
gqvk ugC g,4 ikih ds vgadkj eX vk,j Hh phtX feyrh gksrh gT4 iq≤;k®ek dk vga
dkj 'q0 tgj gksrk g,4 mleX dqN feyk ugC gksrk lk/d gqS fcuk Hh dksB ug
C ik ldrk4 blfyS ugC ik ldrk lk/d fd lk/d gqS fcuk irk d,ls pysxk
fd lk/d gksuk ø;FZ g,`
Î‘<ew√r dgrs gT fd Hk≈;'kyh gwa eT] fd eTus 'k¬_ ugC i\Ps4 ijarq eT dgrk gwa
fd Hk≈;'kyh gwa eT] D;kXfd eTus 'k¬_ i\Ps vk,j i\P dj tkuk fd 'k¬_kX ls ugC
ik;k tk ldrk4 ysfdu ftlus 'k¬_ ugC i\Ps] mlds eu eX dgC u dgC 'd cu
k jg ldrk g,4 'k¬_kX dks i\P dj gh tkuk tks ldrk g, fd ugC feysxk] ;gh u
gC fey ldrk g,4 lk/uk djds gh tkuk tk ldrk g, fd lk/uk csdkj x;h] dq
N ugC feyk4 tks lc rjG nk,\L pqdk g,] lc [kst pqdk g,] gj dksus7dksus [kst
ysrk g, vk,j fGj Fddj c,O tkrk g, fd ugC feyk dqN] ugC feyrk vk,j vkf
[jh {< vk tkrk g,] og vlgk; gks tkrk g,] c,O tkrk g,] rc g,jku gksdj ik
rk g, fd vkæp;Z2 ftl eT nk,\L ds [kstrk Fk] og rks c,Os7c,Os fey x;k4 vly
eX c,Os fcuk ;g ugC feyrk vk,j [kstus okyk c,O ugC ikrk4 og nk,\Lrk jgrk g,
4 c,O tkS] rks og ikrk g, fd og esjs ikl gh Fk4 blfyS vxj fdlh us ßlk
dgk gks fd mlus ekyk Lky nh] mldh Îik ls feyk] rks mldk dqy eryc b
ruk g, fd esjs iz;kl ls ugC feyrk4
ysfdu ¬ej< jgs] mldh Îik lc ij cjkcj g,4 mldh Îik dh o"kZ lc cjkc
j gks jgh g,4 ysfdu tks [kyh gkF ?\Ls dh rjg gkXxs os Hj tkSaxs tks Hjs gqS
gT igys ls] o,ls gh jg tkSaxs4
÷;ku jgs] ijek®ek dks n;koku vk,j Îikyq dguk cgqr xyr g,4 D;kXfd n;koku
ge flGZ mls gh dg ldrs gT] tks dHh7dHh vn;k Hh fn[krk gks4 Îikyq mls
dg ldrs gT] tks dHh7dHh Îik Nhu Hh ysrk gks] jksd Hh ysrk gks4 ugC] ij
ek®ek Îikyq ugC g,] ijek®ek Îik ¬oWi g,4 ;kuh vÎik dk ogka dksB mik; u
gC g,4 ge dgrs gT ijek®ek loZ'fDr'kyh g,] ysfdu dqN ekeykX eX og fcydq
y gh 'fDr'kyh ugC g,4 t,ls vÎik djuk pkgs] rks fcydqy gh uiqald g,] ugC
dj ldrk4 ogka fcydqy fuoñ;Z g,4 ogka dqN Hh ugC dj ldrk4 ijek®ek rks
¬oHko g,] tks pkjkX rjG [\Lk g,] [\Lk Hh ugC g,] flGZ g,4 ge dc xnZu >qdk
nXxs] ;gh loky g,4
ljen ds laca/ eX eTus lquk g,4 eqlyekukX dh vk;r g, fd Sd gh ijek®ek g,4
;g mudk [kl [;ky g,4 vk,j mleX nwljk fg¬lk g, fd mlds flok; dksB ijek
®ek ugC g,] Sd gh ijek®ek g,] mlds flok; nwljk dksB ijek®ek ugC g,4 lje
n igys fg¬ls dks Nks\L nsrk Fk vk,j ;gh dgrk jgrk Fk fd nwljk dksB ijek®e
k ugC g,] nwljk dksB ijek®ek ugC g,4 rks eqlyeku] ek,yoh vk,j iafLr fnDdr

’kwU; lekf/k
eX i\L xS4 iafLr /k√ed vkneh ls lnk gh fnDdr eX i\L tkrk g,4 tks iafLr g,
] os v/eZ dh nqdkukX ds ekfyd gT4 lnk dfOukB eX i\L tkrs gT4 os ckls 'çnkX
ds laxzkgd gT vk,j tc rd rktk l®; i,nk gksrk g,] rc os eqfædy eX i\L tkrs
gT4 D;kXfd mudk cklk l®; Sdne cklk fn[kB i\Lus yx tkrk g,4 ljen ;gh
dgrk fGjrk g,3ugC g, dksB ijek®ek2 og igyk fg¬lk Sd gh g, ijek®ek Nks\
L nsrk g,4 og fiNyh ckr gh dgrk jgrk g,] ugC g, dksB ijek®ek
rks yksxkX us tkdj vk,jaxtsc ls dgk fd ;g rks cgqr v/eZ dh ckr gks jgh g,4
ljen dks yk[kX yksx iwtrs gT4 ljen dks cqyk;k x;k vk,j mlls iwNk x;k fd
D;k g, rqégkjk dguk`
mlus dgk] fd ugC g, dksB ijek®ek2 vk,jaxtsc us dgk] ;g rks ukf¬rd dh ckr
gqB2 ljen us dgk] vHh rks eT bruk gh tkuk ik;k gwa] fd ugC g, dksB ijek®
ek4 tc rd eT tku u ywa fd g, dksB ijek®ek rc rd eT d,ls dgwa` eTus tkuk]
rks eT ugC dgwaxk4 tku ywaxk] rks dgwaxk4 vxj >wO dg nwa] rks ijek®ek ckn eX
eq>ls iwNsxk fd fcuk tkus rwus dgk d,ls` rks eT mldk tokc D;k nwaxk`
vk,jaxtsc us mls lwyh ij p\Pok nsus dh vkKk nh fd ;g vkneh ekj Lkyus ds
;ks≈; g,4 mldh xnZu dkIh x;h4 ;g dgkuh c\Lh vnHqr g,4 vxj lp u gks rks
Hh vnHqr g, vk,j vFZiw<Z g,4 ftl fnu mldh xnZu dIh vk,j fn¥yh dh ef¬tn
eX tgka mldh xnZu dIh] vk,j mldk flj fxjrk gqvk tc lhf\P;kX ij yksIus y
xk] rks dgrs gT fd mlds flj ls vkokt fudyh fd Sd gh ijek®ek] mlds fl
ok; dksB ijek®ek ugC g,4
cgqr Hh\L Fh4 yk[kX yksxkX us mlls dgk] ikxy2 Fks\Lh nsj igys dg nsrk2 vc
xnZu dI pqdh g,4 vc dgus ls D;k Gk;nk`
rks ljen us dgk] xnZu dIs fcuk irk d,ls pyrk` xnZu dIh rks irk pyk4 t
c eT feIk rks irk pyk fd g,] ogh g,] mlds flok; dksB ugC g,4 ysfdu fcuk
cnu dIs irk ugC py ldrk Fk4
yksx dgus yxs] c\Lk ikxy g,4 Fks\Lh nsj igys dg nsrk rks cp tkrk2 ljcn us
dgk] cp tkrs rks dHh dg gh ugC ikrs4 D;kXfd cp xS] rks ge cp tkrs] o
g u gks ikrk4
[ksuk i\Lsxk4 varrA bruk [ks tkuk i\Lsxk fd esjk dgus t,lk Hh dqN u jg tk
S4 ;g Hh fd3uS iz;kl dj jgk gwa] lk/uk dj jgk gwa] ÷;ku dj jgk gwa] lek
f/ dj jgk gwa] ;ksx dj jgk gwa4 bleX Hh eT etcwr gks jgk g,4 ;g Hh dgus dks
u cps4
ftl fnu esjk lc eT dI tkrk g,] ysfdu dIsxk d,ls` vlGyrk ls dIrk g,4 l
c rjG gkj tkus ls dIrk g,4 lc rjG iz;kl dh ø;FZrk ls dIrk g,4 lk/uk
dk Sd gh ew¥; g, fd varrA irk pyrk g, fd blls Hh ugC feyrk og4 vk,j
tc dqN Hh }kj njoktk ugC jg tkrk] ikus dk dksB ekxZ ugC jg tkrk] vk,j

’kwU; lekf/k
vokd [\Lk dj jg tkrk g, ø;fDr] vk,j ikrk g, vc dqN Hh djus dks 's" ugC
] rks r®{< og fey tkrk g,4
og feyk gh gqvk g,4 djus okys fpR dks fn[k;h ugC nsuk] D;kXfd djus okyk f
pR Hkxrk jgrk g,4 djusokyk fpR ßlk g,] t,ls fd Sd GksIksxzkGj gks vk,j v
ius d,ejs dks ysdj rst] ehykX dh j©rkj ls nk,\L jgk gks] vk,j tc ckn eX vius
d,ejs dks [ksys] rks dksB r¬ohj u cus4 D;kXfd mldh j©rkj bruh rst Fh fd
tks Hh mlds d,ejs ls xqtjk] id\Lk ugC tk ldk4 ysfdu Qd tkS rks r¬ohj
cu tkS4 Qdk gqvk d,ejk rlohj id\L ysrk g,4 Hkxrk gqvk d,ejk d,ls id\Ls4
Hxrk gqvk d,ejk [kyh jg tkrk g,4 Qdk gqvk d,ejk id\L ysrk g,4 blfyS d,
ejk fgy u tkS] bldk Hh ÷;ku j[uk i\Lrk g,4 ysfdu ge iwjh rjg pkjkX r
jG Hkx jgs gT vk,j fgy jgs gT] rks og tks eu dk ysül g,] d,ejk g,] og dqN
Hh id\L ugC ikrk4
ijek®ek pkjkX rjG ek,twn g,4 vk,j ge vius d,ejs dks ysdj vius eu dks ysdj
Hkxs tk jgs gT4 nk,\L jgs gT] nk,\L jgs gT4 fp¥yk jgs gT4 'ksj xqy epk jgs gT4 cT
L cktk ctk jgs gT4 jke/qu dj jgs gT4 dgC Htu dhrZu dj jgs gT4 lc dj j
gs gT Hkxs gqS gT4 Ogj ugC jgs gT4 Ogj tkS rks mldh r¬ohj vHh id\L eX vk
tkS4 ysfdu ¬oHkorA tc nk,\L7nk,\L dj ge mldh r¬ohj u ik ldXxs vk,j tc
ge lc gkj dj [\Ls gksdj mldh r¬ohj i\Ld yXxs] rks 'k;n GksIksxzkGj dks
Hh yxs fd rsjh Îik Fh] rHh id\L ikS4 ge rks cgqr nk,\Ls] u feyk og4 ysfd
u vc tc [\Ls gks xS] rc r¬ohj cuh4 bldk eryc lkG g, fd gekjs ikl ls
ugC cuh] mldh gh Îik cuh4 gkykafd og lnk Îik ds fyS }kj ij [\Lk Fk4
ysfdu vki dHh feyrs gh u Fs4 vki dHh ?j ij gT gh ugC4 og vkS Hh [
kstrs] rks vki dHh ?j ij gksrs ugC gT4 vki dgC vk,j gh gksrs gT4
;g tks ckr g, mifu"n eX] lgh Hh g,] xyr Hh g,4 vk,j ;g Hh dg nwa fd /eZ
ds lHh lw_ ßls gh gT4 fdlh vFZ eX lgh Hh] fdlh vFZ eX xyr Hh4 blfyS
lc lw_kX dk [aLu Hh fd;k tk ldrk g, vk,j leFZu Hh fd;k tk dlrk g,4 v
ly eX /eZ bruk jg¬;iw<Z g, fd mleX lc fojks/ lekfgr g,4
rks] ge ßlk Hh dg ldrs gT fd lk/d dks vius gh iz;kl ls feyrk g,4 ijek®
ek dh dksB Îik ugC g,4 D;kXfd vxj iz;kl ds Fd tkus ij Hh feyrk g,] rks
og Hh rks lk/d ds gh fdS xS iz;kl dk vafre Gy g,] Fd tkuk4
t,u gT] ck,0 gT4 os ßlh gh ekurs gT fd vius gh iz;kl ls feyrk g,4 pkgs Fd
dj gh feyrk gks] Fduk] Hh rks viuk gh g,4 og Hh xyr ugC dgrs4 mifu"
n gT] thll ds ekuus okys gT4 eqlyeku gT4 ;s lc ekurs gT fd mldh Îik ls f
eyrk g,4 ;s Hh xyr ugC dgrs] D;kXfd tc ge Fd tkrs gT] rc feyrk g,4 g
kykafd fd nksukX lgh dgrs gT] vk,j nksukX xyr Hh dgrs gT4 D;kXfd ckr ßlh g,

’kwU; lekf/k
fd og nksukX rjg ls gks ldrh g,4 blfyS eTus dgk fd bls Ohd ls le> ysuk
tWjh g,4
lkjs Wl eX vafre ckr bl laca/ eX ;g dg nwa fd iz;kl tWj djX] iwjh rkdr
ls djX] rkfd t¥nh gh Fd tkS vk,j iz;kl ø;FZ gks tkS4 [wc nk,\L yX4 rkfd F
dku vk tkS vk,j fxjuk gks tkS4 vk/h nk,\L eX er Qd tkuk fdlh dh ckr lq
udj] fd Ohd g, iz;kl ls ugC feysxk2 ogh ekyk Lkysxk xys eX] rks ge dkgs
ds fyS nk,\LX] Qd tkS4 ysfdu tks vk/k gks\L dj Qdk g,] mldk eu nk,\Lrk gh
jgsxk] og Qd ugC ldrk4 iwjk nk,\L ds fxjuk gh tWjh g,4 Fduk gh tWjh g,4
fpR ls nk,\L dk vFZ gh [ks tkuk tWjh g,4
blfyS eT dgrk gwa 'k¬_ i\Puk] rkfd irk py tkS fd 'k¬_ ø;FZ gT4 lk/uk
djuk] rkfd irk py tkS fd lk/uk csdkj g,4 [kstuk] rkfd irk py tkS f
d [kst ls ugC feyrk4 ftl fnu ;g lc gks tkSxk] ml fnu vki vpkud ik
Saxs fd ftls [kstus dgC vk,j xS Fs] og lnk ls }kj ij gh c,Ok izrh{k djrk
Fk4 c,Ok Fk fd dc rd yk,I vkvksxs nk,\L dj] rks ekyk xys eX Lky nh tkS4
ekyk lnk r,;kj g,] xyk >qdus dks r,;kj ugC4 >qdrk ogh xyk g,] tks dIus dks
r,;kj gks tkrk g,] IwIus dks r,;kj gks tkrk g,4 blfyS eTus dgk] lekf/ Sd
vFZ eX e1®;q g,4 vius eT dk ej tkuk4
Sd nwljs fe_ us iwNk g,3vki dgrs gT fd lekf/ eX eT vdsyk gwa Sslk Hko dj
rs gT rks vla“; fopkj vkrs gT4 ysfdu ;fn lkF eX vkse ;k jke7uke dk ti d
jXxs rks vdsysiu dh Hkouk izkîr djus ls lgk;rk feyrh g,4 bl laca/ eX vkids
D;k [;ky gT`
vxj vkius vdsysiu ds Hko eX jke7jke dk tki 'qW dj fn;k rks vki vdsys
d,ls jgs` vkius jke dks cqyk fy;k lgk;rk eX rks vdsys u jgs] nks gks xS3vki
vk,j jke4 ⁄ dk tki djus yxs rks Hh nks gks xS4 nks eX jkg fey tkrh g,4
gekjs eu dh gh vknr ugC g,4 vHh Fks\Lh nsj igys fG¥eh xkuk xquxquk jgs Fs]
rc Hh nks Fs4 vc jke7jke] jke7jke dgus yxs] rks Hh nks gT] dke ogh tkjh
g,4 flGZ 'çn cny xS gT4 eu dh iqjkuh vknr gh tkjh g,4 vHh lksp jgs Fs f
dlh fe_ ds fo"; eX] fdlh fiz;tu ds fo"; ex] vc jke ds Wi ds laca/ eX
lkspus yxs4 eu dk dke tkjh g,4 eu blds fyS jkth gks tkrk g,4 og dgsxk
Ohd] D;kXfd bls dqN cnykgI u gqB] flGZ vkçtsDI cnyk4 flGZ fo"; o¬rq cn
y x;h4 eu dk iqjkuk dk gh tkjh jgk g,4
Sd izseh viuh izs;lh ds u[ f'[ dk fopkj dj jgk g,4 Sd HDr vius Hxok
u ds u[ f'[ dk fopkj dj jgk g,4 nksukX eX dksB GdZ ugC g,4 nksukX dk eu S
d gh dke dj jgk g,4
ysfdu ugC2 tc eT dg jgk gwa vdsys dk Hko] rks mldk eryc gh ;g g, fd
nwljs ds izos' dh txg gh er Nks\Luk4 rHh eu ejsxk4 eu nwljs dks pkgrk g,]

’kwU; lekf/k
},r dks pkgrk g,4 eu },r eX gh Vtnk jgrk g,4 },r x;k rks eu x;k4 rks eu
dgrk g, fd fdlh rjg dk },r i,nk dj yks4 Hxoku vk,j HDr dk dj yks4 izse
h izs;lh dk dj yks4 eka csIs dk dj yks4 fe_ '_q dk dj yks4 },r i,nk dj yks4
cl] rc eu jkth g,4 D;kXfd eu dgrk g,] },r esjk thou g,4 rks fGj fdlh
rjg dk },r i,nk dj yks4 fGj eu x\Lc\L ugC djrk4 og dgrk g,] Ohd g,4 g
e jkth gT4
ysfdu },r i,nk gh er djks vk,j dgks fd vdsyk gh gwa4 dksB g, gh ugC nwljk4
u dksB jke] u dksB Hxoku4 dksB ugC g,] eT vdsyk gwa] fuiI vdsyk gwa] rc e
u NIiIkus yxrk g,4
vdsysiu eX NIiIkgI gksrh g, rks eu fGj nk,\L dj dksB fopkj id\Lus dh dksf
'' djsxk4 og dgsxk fd vdsys d,ls gks ldrs gT` dqN rks fopkj djks] dqN rks
lkspks4 ugC] eu dh ;g NIiIkgI bl ckr dh [cj g, fd eu ejus ls Lj jg
k g, fd vk,j vius cpus dk bartkj dj jgk g,4 mls dksB lgkjk pkfgS4 og },r
ds fcuk ugC th ldrk4 vki rks th ldrs gT },r ds fcuk] ysfdu vkidks eu
ugC th ldrk4 eu dk vf¬r®o nks dks pkgrk g,4 nks ds fcuk eu dks fcydqy
jkgr ugC feyrh4 fdlh Hhrj Hh rjg nks pkfgS4
tc eT dgrk gwa] vdsys dk Hko rks bldk eryc ;g g, fd },r dh o1fR dks tk
us nX4 eu dgs fd eq>s rks },r pkfgS] rks mls nhftS er4 nsus yxus ij rks ge
vπNs },r [kst yXxs4 ge dgrs gT pyks Ohd g,] jke/qu djX] ysfdu ;g ogh g,4
tjk Hh GdZ ugC4 jke7jke dgks fd dksdkdksyk dgks] dksB GdZ ugC g,4 og t
ks eu g, og dgrk g, dqN djrs jgks4 dqN dgrs jgks4 tks Hh dgks] mlls pysxk
eu dk dke] ysfdu Qdks er] nwljs dks i,nk dj yks4
dqN Hh nwljk ek,twn jgs] rks eu ckdh g,4 vk,j lekf/ eX tkuk gks rks nwljs dks
gIkuk tWjh g,] rkfd eu feI tkS4
eu dh e1®;q dk lw_ g, },r ls viuh o1fR dks gIk ysuk4 nwljs ls NqIdkjk ik ys
uk4 ugC rks nwljs ds lkF jl dk;e gks tkrk g,4 dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 blfyS
tc eT dgrk gwa vdsykiu] rks mldk vFZ g, v},r4 mldk vFZ g,] nwljk ugC4 f
dlh rjg ls nwljs dk lgkjk ugC ysuk4 fnDdr gksxh] dfOukB gksxh4 gksus nX4
tc Hh dksB pht ejrh g,] tc c\Lh dfOukB gksrh g,4 eu iqjkuk g,] tüekX7tü
ekX dk g,4 'jhj rks cgqr u;k g,4 'jhj rks gj ckj cny tkrk g,4 eu cgqr iq
jkuk g,4 yk[kX djks\LkX o"k˜ dk g,] euq‘; tkfr dh ftruh mez g,] mruk iqjkuk
g, eu
ogh iqjkuk eu vius cpus dk iqjk bartke djsxk4 og vkf[jh mik; djsxk4 vk,
j eu ds vkf[jh mik; c\Ls gksf';kjh ds gksrs gT4 vxj vki ugC ekurs gT] rks
og dgrk g, vπNk] rqégkjh rjdhc ls ge jkth gT4 rqégX jke dguk g,] jke7jk

’kwU; lekf/k
e dgks4 ysfdu dqN dgks tWj4 dqN cksyrs jgks4 nwljkX dks cukS j[ks] rks ge
Hh cp tkSaxs4 og nwljs dks cuk ysrk g,4
eu nwljs ds fcuk ugC th ldrk4 vk,j nwljs ds fcuk r®dky ej tkrk g,4 eu
dh e1®;q gh lekf/ dk }kj g,4 blfyS eu dks NIiIkus nX4 dguk fd Ohd g,]
NIiIkvks] ysfdu eT rks vdsyk gwa4 nwljs dk lgkjk vc u ywaxk4 nwljk] esjh d¥i
uk dk lgkjk g,4 eu dh lcls c\Lh rkdr tks g,] og ;g g, fd r®dky] vki f
tl rjg dk pkgX] mldh rjg dk lgkjk ns nsrk g,4 vki jkr eX liuk ns[rs gT
4 vxj fnu Hj Hw[s jgs gkX4 rks jkr eX eu dgrk g, fd pyks] Hkstu dj yks4
liuk fn[k nsrk g, Hkstu dk vk,j Hkstu djk nsrk g,4 mlls c\Lk Gk;nk gksrk g,
eu dks] uCn ugC IwIrh4 liuk tks g,] uCn dks cpkus dk mik; g,4 vxj liuk
u gks] rks vkidks lksuk eqfædy gks tkS4 D;kXfd fnu Hj tks tks vkius Nks\Lk g,]
og jkr Hj vkidks ijs'ku djXxs4 eu dgrk g,] d¥iuk eX gh iwjk dj yks4 vk
i vykeZ dh ?\Lh j[ dj lksrs gT fd pkj cts mOuk g,4 vykeZ dh ?\Lh ct j
gh g,4 vk,j eu dg jgk g, eafnj dh ?aIh ct jgh g,4 iwtk 'qW gks x;h g,4 og
vykeZ dks budkj dj jgk g,4 og dg jgk g, eafnj dh ?aIh ct jgh g,] dgka
dk vykeZ` vk,j vki ets ls lius eX gks xS4 D;kXfd ?aIh ct dj can gks x;h
vk,j vki lks jgs gT4 eafnj dh ?aIh dk mOus ls D;k laca/` eu us rjdhc Btkn
dh2 eu us dgk fd uCn dks cpkvks] rks ?\Lh ds vykeZ dks mlus eafnj dh ?aI
h crk fn;k4
eu iwjs le; Btkn dj jgk g, fd uCn u IwI tkS4 jkr liuk ns[ jgk g, fd
uCn IwI tkS] fnu eX d¥iukSa ns jgk g, fd uCn IwI tkS4 vk,j tc vki d¥iuk
Nks\Lus yxrs gT] rks og u;h d¥iukSa nsrk g,4 og dgrk g, ifr dh d¥iuk Oh
d ugC yxrh4 rks Î‘< dh d¥iuk ifr ds Wi eX djks4 dgrk g,] ugC vπNk y
xrk vkneh ds lkF] dksB fGdj ugC] eu eX Hxoku dk lkF djks] mldh ew√r
dk fuekZ< djks] muds lkF th;ks4 ;g c\Lk vπNk g,4 ysfdu GdZ D;k g,` jkr
ds liukX t,ls gh] eu fnu eX Hh lius i,nk dj ysrk g,4 lius eu dks cpkus ds
mik; gT4
nks rjg dh uCn g,4 Sd rks tks jkst ge jkr dks lksrs gT] og4 vk,j nwljh ftl
eX ge tüe ls gh lksrs gT] og4 uCn vxj rks\Luh g, rks eu ds mik;kX ds izfr tk
xzr gksuk i\Lsxk4 le>uk i\Lsxk fd eu dks Hkstu ugC nsuk g,4
eu },r dk Hkstu ekaxrk g,4 blfyS fe_kX us Ohd gh iwNk g, fd vxj vkse vk,
j jke dk lgkjk ysrs gT rks Fks\Lh jkgr feyrh g,4 jkgr fey tkSxh4 mlls eu
dk iwjk dke gks tkSxk4 ugC] jkgr nsuh gh guC g,4 jkgr u nXxs] rks eu r\Lis
xk] mls r\Lius nX4 og iqdkj djsxk fd eq>s pkfgS nwljk4 nwljk ykvks] fdlh v
k,j Wi eX ykvks4 ysfdu vki dgX fd eT rks vdsyk gwa4 nwljk ykMa Hh rks dgka ls
` vk,j ys Hh tkMaxk] rks Hh eT vdsyk gwa4

’kwU; lekf/k
fdrus nwljkX dks ys vkSxk2 i®uh dks ?j ys vk;k] vdsykiu feIk` cπps i,nk
dj fyS] vdsykiu feIk` lkFh laxh cuk fyS] vdsykiu feIk` vdsykiu vH
h g,4 vdsyk gksuk esjk ¬oHko g,4 ogka ls ykMa nwljs dks` ugC ykMaxk4
tc vki cgqr ¬i‘I Wi ls r,;kj gks tkSaxs fd vdsyk gksus dh r,;kjh g,] eu Fks\
Lh nsj fp¥ykSxk vk,j pqi gks tkSxk] Fks\Ls fnu fp¥ykSxk vk,j pqi gks tkSxk4
ftl fnu eu pqi gksxk] ml fnu ftldh izrhr gksxh6 ogh ijek®ek gksxk4
vk,j ftldks vki jke7jke djds dg jgs Fs] og ugC4 og rks lnk vkids 'çn
gT4 ftl fnu v},r gksxk] ml fnu ftls vki tkuXxs] og g, vkse4 vk,j tks vki f
p¥yk jgs Fs] og dqN Hh ugC g,4 mldk ew¥; dksdkdksyk ls †;knk ugC4
ysfdu ftl fnu eu pyk tkSxk vk,j dqN u cpsxk vk,j vki tkuXxs] vkidh v
kokt ugC gksxh] vkidk },r ugC gksxk4 vkids eu dh Btkn ugC gksxh4 eu gksx
k gh ugC4 ftl fnu vki mls tkuXxs] og dqN vk,j gh gksxk4 mls dksB Hh uke
ns nX eks{ dgX] fuokZ< dgX] lekf/ dgX] vkse dgX] cz‰ dgX] tks Hh dgX] mlls
dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 ml txr eX lc 'çn lekukFñ gT] D;kXfd lHh 'çn Sd
ls ø;FZ gT4 ogka fdlh 'çn dh dksB xfr ugC g,2 blfyS dksB Hh v c l uke
fn;k] rks py tkSxk4 blls dksB varj ugC i\Lrk4
ysfdu vki eu ds /ks[s eX er i\L tkuk4 vki eu ds }kj Btkn u dj ysuk4
eu dks jkgr nsus dks dksf'' u djuk4 eu dks Fks\Lk r\Lius nX] Fks\Lk ijs'ku gks
us nX4 tc og ijs'ku gksxk] r\Lisxk] rHh ejsxk4 eu dh e1®;q gh rks lekf/ g,4
Sd vk,j fe_ us iwNk g, fd D;k lekf/ eX nsorkvkX dk n'Zu gksrk g,` ßlk egk
u larkX ds thou eX lquk g,4 jke] Î‘< dk gksrk g,] eksgéen i,xacj dk gksrk g,]
dkyh ekrk vk,j vü; nsorkvkX ds n'Zu gksrs gT4 ßls n'Zu ds laca/ eX vkids D
;k fopkj gT`
t,ls eTus dgk] og lc n'Zu] eu ds lius gT4 blhfyS tc rd fdlh dk n'Zu
gksrk jgs] rc rd le>uk fd eu vHh ek,twn g, vk,j vHh pDdj ds ckgj vk
i ugC gks xS4 dksB Hh fn[rk gks4 n'Zu ls gh eqDr gks tkuk g,4 rHh mldk i
rk pysxk] ftldks n'Zu gks jgk g,] tks n1‘Ik g,4
lc Hze gT4 lqanj Hze gT4 c\Ls î;kjs lius gT4 vc Î‘< [\Ls gkX ckalqjh ctkrs gT]
rks gT rks î;kjk liuk4 ysfdu ÷;ku jgs] î;kjs lius cqjs lius ls Hh †;knk cqjs gks
rs gT4 D;kXfd cqjs lius cqjs gksus dh otg ls t¥nh IwI tkrs gT] vk,j î;kjs lius î
;kjs gksus dh otg ls eu gksrk gh ugC fd IwIX4 eu gksrk g, fd cus jgX] cus jgX
4
jkr ns[X] î;kjk liuk vkrk g, rks eu gksrk g, fd ns[rs jgks] ns[rs jgks4 dksB
txk ns chp eX] rks cqjk yxrk g, fd fdlh rjg ls fnu Hj dk fH[eaxkiu feI
Fk] jkr lezkI gks xS Fs4 ukgd mOk fn;k4 ?aIs Hj vk,j jgrs lezkI rks D;k

’kwU; lekf/k
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rk g,4 ;s lc lq[n lius gT] vk,j vkneh ds eu dh rkdr g,4 vk,j Sd gh rkd
r g, vkneh ds eu dh] fd og lius i,nk djrk g,4 eu dk vFZ g, ¬oîu i,nk d
jusokyh 'fDr4
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rks vki d,ls Hh ¬oîu i,nk dj ldrs gT4 ø;o¬Fk geus [kst yh gT4 vxj vkidk
isI Hjk gqvk g,] rks ¬oîu i,jk djus dh {erk de gks tkrh g,4 vxj isI [ky
h g,] rks {erk c\P tkrh g,4 blfyS tks yksx bl rjg ds n'Zu vkfn djuk pk
grs gT muds fyS miokl c\Lh jke ck< ø;o¬Fk g,4 rhl fnu miokl dj yX] f
Gj vkids lius i,nk djus dh {erk rhoz gks tkrh g,4 dHh vkidks cq[kj vk;k
gks vk,j [kuk ihuk can j[uk i\Lk gks rks vkidks irk gksxk4 ßlh7ßlh phtX fn
[kB nsus yxrh gT] tks dHh fn[kB ugC nh FC4 dHh [kI m\Lus yxrh g,] dHh
vkleku eX pys tkrs gT] dHh nsoh nsork fn[ tkrs gT4 dHh Hwr7izse Hh fn[kB
ns tkrs gT4 vk,j lc gksus yxrk g,4 ca/u eX i\Ls chekj vkneh dks D;kX ;g lc
gksus yxrk g,` D;k dkj< g,` dkj< ;g g, fd t,ls7t,ls 'jhj dh 'fDr de g
ksrh g,] o,ls o,ls eu dh 'fDr †;knk gksrh tkrh g,4 eu ij 'jhj dk dkcw de
gks tkrk g,4 eu fcydqy nk,\Lus yxrk g,4
blhfyS fnu eX vki mrus lius ugC ns[ ikrs gT] D;kXfd jkr eX 'jhj Fd dj
fxj tkrk g,4 eu eqDr gks tkrk g,4 blhfyS tks pkgs] ns[s4 lius ns[us dk bar
tke g,] ø;o¬Fk g,] fl¬Ie g,4 ml ø;o¬Fk eX miokl c\Lk dkjxj g,4 ftldks H
h bl rjg ds lius ns[uk gks] nsoh nsork] Hwr izse] tks Hh ns[uk gks] mlds fy
S yacs fnukX rd Hw[s jgus ls c\Lk ykH gksxk4 Sdkar Hh c\Lh mi;ksxh pht g,4
Hh\L eX liuk ns[uk c\Lk eqfædy gks tkrk g,] D;kXfd vkl ikl ds yksxkX dh ek,
twnxh bleX ck/k Lkyrh g,4 Sdkar eX lius vklku gks tkrs gT4 blhfyS taxy eX
Hkx tkrs gT] fd fdlh xqgk eX fNi tkS4 ogka lius vklku gksrs gT4 dHh vxj
vkidks Sdkar eX jgus dk ek,dk feyk gks] rks irk gksxk4 vxj ?j ds lc yksx
pys xS gkX] vk,j ?j xkao ls ckgj Sdkar eX gks] irk [\Ldrk g, rks yxrk g,]
vk;k dksB2 vk,j og tks eu dh lius ns[us dh {erk g,] og rhoz gks tkrh g,4
og iRs ds [\Ldus eX Hh] fdlh ds i,j dh vkokt lqurk g,4 lqcg vkius gh ug
k dj yaxksI Ikax fn;k g,] jkr ns[rs gT fd dksB gkF G,ykS [\Lk g,4 nwljs dh e
k,twnxh geX lius ns[us eX ck/k Lkyrh g,4 D;kXfd nwljk D;k dgsxk` nwljs dh ek,
twnxh gekjh cqf0 dks lqf¬Fj j[rh g,4 blfyS ftudks lius ns[us eX dkGh jl
ysuk g,] mügX Hkx tkuk pkfgS lekt ls nwj2 lekt ls Hkxus dh izo1fR liuk ns
[us dh lqfo/k dh otg ls i,nk gqB g,4 b/j iwuk eX ns[uk cgqr eqfædy g, liu
k4 pys tkS fgeky; ds fdlh Sdkar eX] ogka liuk ns[uk cgqr vklku gks tkrk
g,4 Hw[s jgX] Sdkar eX pys tkS4

’kwU; lekf/k
lsDl lizs'u Hh liuk ns[us dh vnHqr rjdhc g,4 vxj dksB ø;fDr viuh ;k,u
izo1fR dks tksj ls nck ys] rks lius dh 'fDr ßlh gks tkrh g,] t,ls fdlh f¬izax
dks nck fn;k gks] rks og f¬izax phtkX dks tksj ls okil GXdrh g,4 tks yksx lsDl
lizsflo gksrs gT] muds lius c\P tkrs gT4 ftu yksxkX us dke dh o1fR dks nck;k
g,] mudh jkr lius ls Hj tkrh g,4 cgqr igys ;g le> eX vk x;k Fk fd v
xj liuk ns[uk Ohd ls] rks lsDl dks nckvks4 vk,j ÷;ku jgs] ftlus lsDl dks n
ck;k] mlds lius ns[us dh {erk bruh c\P tkrh g, fd ftldk fglkc ugC4 v
c ikxy[kus eX ftrus yksx can gT] mueX ¡ºº eX ls ªº dke dh o1fr dks nckus
dh otg ls ikxy gT4 ikxy dk eryc D;k g,` ikxy dk eryc g, fd og l
iuk bruk ns[us yxk fd vc vka[ [ksydj Hh ns[rk g,4 vc mls vka[ can dj
us dh tWjr ugC g,4 vkidks tc liuk ns[uk gks rks vka[ can djuh i\Lrh g,4
mldh vc vka[ can djus dh tWjr ugC g,4 og vka[ [ksy dj ns[rk g,4 vki
dks liuk vka[ [ksyus ls IwI tkrk g,4 mldk liuk vka[ [ksyus ls ugC IwIrk4
vki nsf[S3Sd ikxy vkneh c,Ok g,4 og fdlh ls ckr dj jgk g, ets ls4 dksB
ugC g, ek,twn] og ckr dj jgk g,4 bldks vki ikxy dgXxs4 ysfdu Sd HDr
Hxoku ls ckrX dj jgk g,] rks vki mlds pj< NqSaxs4 nksukX Sd gh f¬Ffr eX gT
4 gka Fks\Lk GdZ gks ldrk g, fd ;g ikxy [rjukd gks ldrk g, tks fdlh ls c
krX dj jgk g, vk,j og tks HDr Hxoku ls ckrX dj jgk g,] og [rjukd ugC
gksxk4 cl] bruk GdZ gks ldrk g,4 ;kuh lks'y [rjukd gks ldrk g, ;g] tks
vkneh fdlh ds u gksus ij Hh fdlh ls ckrX dj jgk g,4 bldks ge ikxy[kus
eX can djXxs4 vk,j ;g tks vkneh Hxoku ls ckrX dj jgk g,] ;g lkekftd Wi
ls [rjukd ugC g,4 o,ls bls Hh ge rjdhc ls Sd rjg ds ikxy[kus eX can d
j nXxs4 fdlh eafnj eX fcOk nXxs4 fdlh eap ij p\Pk nXxs4 t; t;dkj djXxs4 le
kt vk,j mlds chp Gklyk [\Lk dj nXxs4 Sd nhokj cuk nXxs fd rqe Îik dj
ds b/j er vkuk vk,j ge m/j ugC vkSaxs4 ge iwtk djXxs] Gwy GXd nXxs ysfd
u cp eX Gklyk jgsxk4 ge og bartke dj yXxs4
eafnj cukS gh blfyS xS gT] D;kXfd ;g lc vπNs7vπNs fd¬e ds ikxykX dks d,
n djus dk geus bartke fd;k gqvk g,4 vkJe vk,j ikxy[kuk2 vkJe dks Hh
xkao ds ckgj cuok nsrs sg, fd xkao ds Hhrj Îik djs †;knk u tkS4 gedks gh
dHh ikxyiu dh [qtykgI gksxh] rks ge gh m/j vk tkSaxs4 vki Îik djds
m/j u vkuk4
Sd ikxy[kuk cuk;k g,] og ge [rjukd fd¬e ds ikxykX dks can djrs gT4 ys
fdu ikxyiu dk eryc gh ;g gksrk g, fd vkneh dks o¬rqf¬Ffr fn[kB ugC ns
rh4 vkneh tks pkgrk g,] ogh ns[us yxrk g,4
vxj ge nl HDrkX dks Sd gh dejs eX can dj nX3Sd thll dk HDr gks] rks
jkr eX thll ls ckrX djrk jgsxk4 vk,j Î‘< dk HDr gks] rks Î‘< ls ckrX d

’kwU; lekf/k
jrk jgsxk4 jke dk HDr gks] rks og /uq/kZjh jke dks ns[rk jgsxk4 vk,j mu rh
ukX dks nwljs ds Hxoku fn[kB ugC i\LXxs4 lqcg >x\Lk Hh gks ldrk g, fd dk,u
dgrk g, fd /uq/kZjh jke ;gka Fs` thll Fs2 jke Fs2 Î‘< Fs2 dk,u dgrk g,
thll ;gka Fs` os rhukX lqcg y\LXxs] D;kXfd mudh Hxoku flGZ mügC dks fn[kB
i\Lrk g,4
÷;ku jgs] lius dh Sd DokfyIh g, izkbosI gksuk4 liuk lnk izkbosI gksrk g,4 li
uk dHh lkewfgd ugC gks ldrk4 vc ml >aLs dks ge ns[ jgs gT] rks lc ns[ j
gs gT] ;g lkewfgd g,4 ysfdu vxj eT dksB liuk ns[ jgk gwa rks vkidks mleX lk
>hnkj ugC cuk ldrk4 dksB HDr fdlh dks dHh vius lius eX lk>hnkj ugC c
uk ldrk4 vk,j dksB ikxy Hh fdlh dks dHh vius ikxyiu eX lk>hnkj ugC c
uk ldrk4 lc izkbosI gT4 blfyS izkbosI pht ls Fks\Lk lko/ku jguk4 mlls Fks\
Lk [rjk g,4 mls Lj ;g g, fd dgC og ßlh ckr u gks] tks geus df¥ir dj
yh gks4 vk,j ge df¥ir dj jgs gT4
ugC2 u rks nsoh nsorkvkX dks ns[us ls v÷;k®e dk dksB laca/ g,] u jke Î‘<] cq
0 dks ns[us ls laca/ g,4 buls dksB laca/ ugC g,4 laca/ fdlh vk,j ckr ls g,4 ns
[uk g, mls tks lc dks ns[ jgk g,4 n1æ; dks ugC ns[uk g,4 n1‘Ik dk laca/ lh n1
æ;kX dks fonk djds mls ns[ ysuk g,] tks lnk ns[rk jgk g,4 ge Ikdht eX c,Os gT
4 ihNs inkZ g,4 bleX cqjh fG¥e pyrh gks vk,j Sd g®;kjs dh dgkuh pyrh gks
og in∆ ij py jgh g,4 fGj Sd vπNh fG¥e pyrh gks] Sd lar dk thou p
y jgk gks] rks Hh in∆ ij dgkuh py jgh g,4 vπNh pys] cqjh pys] 'jkc ihus
dh pys6 ®;kx riæp;kZ dh pys4 ysfdu in∆ ij py jgh g,4
n1æ; id\Ls gqS gT` ugC v÷;k®e dk laca/ cqjh dgkuh dks gIk dj vπNh dgkuh
dks j[uk ugC g,4 v÷;k®e dk laca/ dgkuh dks gIk dj inkZ [kyh djus ls g,]
rkfd inkZ [kyh gks tkS4 ns[us dks dqN u cps] rks vki vius ij yk,IX4 vk,j
mls ns[ ikSa tks vc rd flGZ ns[rk gh jgk g,4 ysfdu vius dks ftlus dHh H
h ugC igpkuk fd eT dk,u gwa] tks ns[rk g,] og dk,u g,4
ugC] eg®oiw<Z ;g ugC g, fd jke fn[kB nsrs gT4 eg®oiw<Z ;g fd jke ftldks
fn[kB nsrs gT] og dk,u g,`
vk,j vxj mlds ns[uk g,] rks jke ls Hh gkF tks\L dj dguk i\Lsxk fd viuk
/uq" ck< mOkvks] vk,j Îik dj tkvks4 b/j ck/k er nks4 vxj cq0 [\Ls gks t
kS rks muls Hh dguk i\Lsxk] vc cgqr nsj gks x;h] vc vki tkbS4 vxj thl
l ls Hh u ekurs gkX] lwyh ij yIdrs pys tkrs gkX] rks muls dguk] vc can
dhftS4 vc viuh lwyh ys tkbS vk,j vki Hh tkbS4 eq>s mls tkuuk g, tks eT
gwa4 eT vc n1æ;kX eX m®lqd ugC gwa4
ysfdu gekjk eu cpdkuk g, gh4 og n1æ; cny nsrk g,4 rks v/k√ed n1æ; ns[us
okyk g, xyr vkneh] vk,j /k√ed n1æ; ns[us okys yksx Hh xyr gT4 dksB GdZ

’kwU; lekf/k
ugC g,4 nksukX n1æ; eX gh my>s gqS gT4 loky bl ∂kafr dk g, fd n1æ; ls fpR
fonk gks tkS vk,j n1‘Ik ij igqap tkS4 ns[us okys ij igqap tkMa eT4 fGj ogka D
;k fn[k;h i\Lsxk` ogka jke fn[kB i\LXxs` egkohj` ugC] ogka eT gh fn[kB iLwa
xk4 vk,j etk ;g g, fd eT gwa4 ftl fnu ml eT ikywaxk4 ml fnu eT jke dks] cq
0 dks] Î‘< dks] eksgéen dks] lcdks tku ywaxk4 D;kXfd tks eT gwa] esjk tks cgqr
vkarfjd ¬oHko g,] og oks g,4 jke vk,j Î‘< dks Hh n1æ; dh Hkafr [\Lk djds
ugC tku ldrs4 mudks Hh vius gh n1‘Ik ¬oWi dk vuqHo djds tku ldrk gwa
] vü;Fk ugC tku ldrk4
tjFq¬_ igk\L ls mrj jgk g, vk,j mlds f'‘;kX us mlls dgk fd geX vafre lans
' ns nks] D;kXfd vc og fonk gks jgk g,4 ml us dgk] f'‘;kX2 vc eq>s Nks\Lks] v
c eT tkrk gwa4 Sd HDr vkuk pkfgS xqQ bruh fgéer tqIk lds ds f'‘;kX ls d
gs fd Îik djds vc eq>s Nks\Lks] vc eT tkrk gwa4 f'‘; eX Hh bruh fgéer gksuh
pkfgS fd og xqQ ls dg lds fd vc Îik djds eq>s Nks\Lks] eT tkrk gwa4
ysfdu u xqQvkX eX bruh fgéer gksrh g,] u f'‘;kX eX4 os Sd nwljs dks id\Ls cka
/s jgrs gT4 [qn Hh Lwcrs gT] nwljkX dks Hh Lqckrs gT4
tjFq¬_ us mu f'‘;kX ls dgk] vc Îik djds yk,Ik4 vc eq>s tkus nks4 os f'‘;
dgus yxs] Fks\Lh nwj vk,j lkF ys yX4 tjFq¬_ us dgk] ugC] vk,j rqels eT fuosnu
djrk gwa fd rqe eq>s Hwy tkuk4 D;kXfd tc rd eq>s ;kn j[ksxs] rc rd rqe
vius dks d,ls ;kn dj ikvksxs`
tjFq¬_ fgéeroj vkneh jgk gksxk3ogh fdlh ls ;g dg ldrk g, fd eq>s Hwy
tkuk] eq>s Hqyk nsuk4 eT [rjukd vkneh gwa4 tjFq¬_ us dgk fd ;fn rqe us eq
>s i\L fy;k] rks rqe vius dks dc igpkuksxs` rqe eq>s tkus nks4 rqe Hh eq>s N
ks\Lks] eT Hh rqégX Nks\L nwa4
Sd >su Gdhj gqvk g, oksdst4 og vius fe_kX ls dgk djrk Fk4 fd cq0 ls lk
o/ku jguk3ch os;j vkG nh cq02 bl ckr dk D;k eryc g,` og dgrk g, f
d cq0 ls tjk lko/ku gh jguk4 D;kXfd tc lc NwI tkSxk rc cq0 [\Ls gks t
kSaxs4 vk,j rc rqe vId tkvksxs4
vIduk dgC Hh ugC4 vxj dgC Hh vIds] rks vIduk gks tkSxk4 blls D;k G
dZ i\Lrk g, fd [waIh yksgs dh g, ;k lksus dh4 loky vIdus dk g,4 ugC] [wafI;ka
rks\L nsuk4
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nsdj vyx dj nsuk fd Îik djds gfIS jk¬rs ls] eq>s eq> rd igqapus nhftS]
chp eX er vkbS4
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tkSaxs] jke ij igqap tkSaxs4 vk,j tc rd ge n1æ; eX my>s jgXxs] rc rd ;
g laHo ugC gT4 ugC] liuk er nsf[S4 lqanj lius Hh er nsf[S4

’kwU; lekf/k
cgqr lius ns[s4 l®; dks nsf[S4 vk,j l®; og g,] tks ns[ jgk g,4 l®; og ugC
g,] tks fn[kB i\L jgk g,4 n1‘Ik l®; g, vk,j n'Zu n1æ;4 lc liuk g,4
blfyS eT ugC dgrk fd fdügC nsoh nsorkvkX dh Vprk eX if\LS ;k fd dkyhek
rk dks nsf[S fd cukbS eu eX] ltkbS eu eX ;k fd gkF tks\L dj [\Ls gksbS
Hhrj4 dqN Hh guC gksxk4 buls dksB eryc ugC g,] dksB iz;kstu ugC g,4
vkneh dk eu lfn;kX ls ;gh djrk g, vk,j dgC Hh ugC igqapk ugC] vc lius
Nks\L nsus i\LXxs4 vius dks tkuuk i\Lsxk4 ysfdu cgqr dfOu rks g, gh4 dfOu blf
yS g, fd ge liukX eX [ks tkrs gT4
fG¥e pyrh g, rks ge Hwy tkrs gT fd tks py jgk g, in∆ ij] og dqN Hh ugC
g,4 Sd lqanj ¬_h vkrh g, in∆ ij] rks gekjh ihO tks g,] dqlñ Nks\L nsrh g,] ge
vkxs >qd tkrs gT4 ns[k gksxk vkius gksy eX4 vk,j lqanj ¬_h dgka g, ogka` flGZ
/wi Nkag dk [sy g,4 flGZ izdk' ds de †;knk GXdus dh rjdhc g,4 dgC izdk'
†;knk i\L jgk g,] dgC de i\L jgk g, vk,j [sy cu jgk g,4vk,j vki laHy d
j c,O xS fd lqanj ¬_h vk x;h4 vxj dksB ejrk g, rks vka[ eX vkalw Hh vk t
krs gT4 blfyS gky eX va/sjk c\Lk lg;ksxh gksrk g,4 t¥nh ls vius Weky ls ikXN
fy;k4 vk,j cxy eX ns[ fy;k fd fdlh us ns[k rks ugC4 ysfdu fdlh us u ns
[k gks] vkius rks ns[ gh fy;k4 inkZ /ks[k ns x;k4 Sd dgkuh pyrh Fh vk,j
vki jks Hh fyS vk,j gal Hh fyS vk,j ijs'ku Hh gks fyS4 vk,j Fk dqN Hh ug
C4 [kyh inkZ g, ogka] vk,j ml in∆ ij /wi Nkag dk [sy g,4
cgqr xgjs eX] iqjh Vtnxh Hh Sd inkZ Hh Sd inkZ g, vk,j /wi Nkag dk [sy g,4
ysfdu ogka Hh jksuk g,] /ksuk g,4 n1æ; us geX bruk id\Lk g, fd gekjh iwjh Vt
nxh n1æ;kX eX chr tkrh g,4 fnu Hj lius gT] jkr Hj liuk g, vk,j n1‘Ik dk d
Hh irk gh ugC pyrk] tks dh ns[ jgk g,4
ftl fnu geX irk py tkSxk] mldk] tks ns[ jgk g,] ml fnu lc n1æ; liuk
gks tkSaxs4 nsoh nsork gh ugC] og gekjs pkjkX rjG tks txr G,yk gqvk g,] og
txr Hh lius dk fg¬lk gks tkSxk4 dkyh vk,j jkr vk,j Î‘< gh ugC] ifr v
k,j i®uh] fe_ vk,j '_q ls ;s lc Hh pkjkX vksj Sd c\Ls ukId ds fg¬ls gks tkSa
xs4
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fd ogka in∆ ds ihNs D;k gksrk gksxk2 D;kXfd lkjs yksx ogC ls vkrs gT4 jke Hh
ogC ls fudyrs gT vk,j jko< Hh ogC ls fudyrs gT] Sd gh njokts ls4 eT lnk
Vpfrr gksrk Fk fd njokts ds ihNs D;k jkt g,` ml dejs eX D;k gksrk g,` rks
eT ihNs dk inkZ mOk dj ml dejs eX ?ql x;k4 ogka rks c\Lk pfdr gqvk4 D;kXf
d os tks jek vk,j jko< c\Lk ;q0 dj jgs Fs] ogka c,O dj flxjsI ih jgs Fs] x
i 'i dj jgs Fs4 eTus dgk] ;g rks c\Lk vkæp;Ztud ekeyk g,4 in∆ ij rks ;s
c\Lk /uq" ck< [Cprs gT vk,j i,j iId dj c\Lh vkokt djds ckrX djrs gT vk,j

’kwU; lekf/k
;gka flxjsI ih jgs gT2 rc ls eq>s fujarj ;g [;ky jgk g, fd Vtnxh ds in∆
ds ihNs Hh dksB vkæp;Z ugC g, fd jke vk,j jko< c,O dj flxjsI ihrs gkX4 D;
kXfd Vtnxh ds in∆ ij Hh ge Sd gh txg ls vkrs gT] vk,j Sd gh txg okfil
yk,I tkrs gT4 in∆ ij vkuk tkuk rks gksrk jgrk g,] ysfdu ihNs yk,Ius dk Sd
gh jk¬rk g,4
mlh va/dkj ls ge vkrs gT tüe ds] vk,j e1®;q eX] mlh va/dkj eX] ge okil
yk,I tkrs gT4 in∆ ds ihNs jke vk,j jko< eX cgqr GdZ ugC g,4 blfyS tks tku
rs gT] os txr dks yhyk dgXxs] ukId dgXxs4 ysfdu ;g txr yhyk rHh gksxk]
tc geX n1‘Ik dk Fks\Lk [;ky vk tkS4 ugC rks yhyk gh l®; gks tkrh g,4 ukI
d gh l®; gks tkrk g,4 jko< gh l®; gks tkrk g,4
D;k vkius dHh [;ky fd;k fd lius eX dHh ugC irk pyrk g, fd tks ns[ j
gk gwa] og liuk g,`
fdruh nGk liuk vkius ns[k Vtnxh eX2 jkst lqcg mO dj dgrs gT] liuk Fk4
fGj jkr lksrs gT] liuk ns[rs gT4 ysfdu lius eX ugC irk pyrk fd tks ns[ j
gk gwa] og liuk g,4 fGj liuk id\L ysrk g,4 fGj lqcg mO dj ldrs gT fd l
c liuk Fk4 jkr fGj vkrh g,] vk,j fGj liuk id\L ysrk g,4 vius dh id\L c\
Lh xgjh ekywe i\Lrh g,4 gtkj ckj ds vuqHokX ds ckn Hh tc liuk vkrk g,]
rks Sdne id\L ysrk g,4 liuk lp gks tkrk g,4
÷;ku jgs3tc liuk lp gksrk g,] rc vki >wOs gks tkrs gT r®dky4 nks eX ls Sd
gh pht lp gks ldrh g,3;k rks n1æ; ;k n1‘Ik >wOk gks tkrk g,4 tc n1‘Ik yk,I
rk g,] rks liuk >wOk gks tkrk g,4
lqcg tc vki tkxrs gT vk,j n1‘Ik dh rjg ns[rs gT] rc vkidks irk pyrk g,]
liuk Fk4 >wOk Fk4 tc lksrs gT] rc lc lks tkrk g,] liuk lp gks tkrk g,]
n1æ; l®; gks tkrk g,4
nqfu;k eX nks gh rjg ds yksx gT4 Sd os ftügX n'Zu l®; g,] n1æ; l®; g,4 vk,j
nwljs os ftügX n1‘Ik l®; g,4 ij nksukX Sd lkF l®; ugC gks ldrs4 dHh gqS ugC
4 blfyS ftügkXus dgk txr ek;k g,] mudk eryc dqN vk,j ugC g,4 mudk e
ryc dsoy bruk g, fd liuk g, fd n1æ; g,4 vk,j tks ns[ jgk g,] og xgjs eX
lcls lç¬IXf';y g,4 tks fn[kB i\L jgk g,] og vHh g,] vHh feI tkSxk] vHh
cuk g,] vHh [ks tkSxk4 ysfdu ns[us okyk`
jkr eX tc eT liuk ns[rk gwa] rc Hh eT gksrk gwa4 ugC rks fGj lqcg ;kn dk,u
djsxk` liuk rks feI tkrk g,] eT cp tkrk gwa4 fnu Hj liuk ns[rk gwa] rc H
h eT gksrk gwa4 jkr eX fnu dk liuk fGj [ks tkrk g,4 ysfdu eT fGj cp tkrk
gwa4
cπpk Fk] rc eTus cpiu dk liuk ns[k Fk4 ysfdu eT Fk4 toku gwa rks eT tok
uh dk liuk ns[ jgk gwa4 vk,j cw\Pk gks tkMaxk] rks cw\Pk gks tkus dk liuk ns[waxk

’kwU; lekf/k
] exj rc Hh eT gksMaxk4 cpiu eX tokuh eX] cq\Pkis eX] liuk jkst cnyrk jgs
xk6 ysfdu ns[us okyk jkst ogh g,] ogh g,4 Sd og g,] tks cny jgk g,4 vk,j S
d g,] tks vucnyk ns[ jgk g,4
/eZ] v÷;k®e mldh [kst g,] tks nq[ jgk g,4 lalkj mldh [ks g,] tks fn[kB ns
jgk g,4 tks fn[kB ns jgk g,] mldh [kst eX tks i\L x;k] og HIdrk pyk tkS
xk4 D;kXfd fn[kB i\Lus okyk izfriy cny jgk g,4 vki [kstXxs d,ls` vki tc
rd igqapXxs] rc rd lc cny pqdk gksxk4
n1æ;kX dk dksB Hjkslk g,` n1æ; Hkx jgs gT4 exj ge Vtnxh Hj n1æ;kX ds fyS H
kx jgs gT4 D;k vki vkt jkr fGj ogh liuk ns[ ldrs gT] tks vkius dy jkr
ns[k Fk` mik; djds ns[X2 fdruk Hh mik; djX] mls nqckjk ns[uk cgqr eqfæ
dy g,4
dy ftl i®uh ls vki feys Fs] vkt vki mlh i®uh ls fey ldrs gT nqckjk`
vk'k j[rs gT] blh ls fnDdr gksrh g,4 dy tks ¬_h Fk] vkt og ugC g,4 dy
ftl xaxk ls xqtjs Fs] ogh xaxk vkt ugC g,4 og xaxk rks cgqr vkxs fudy pqdh
g,4 vkt xaxk dk ikuh cg x;k4
eka vius csIs ls dgrh g,] 'knh gksus ds ckn rw d,lk gks x;k` dy rd esjh xksn
eX flj j[rk Fk] vc esjh rjG ns[rk gh ugC2 ysfdu eka us ml csIs dks id\
L fy;k vk,j eqfædy eX i\L x;k4 vc og csIk fdlh vk,j ¬_h dh xksn eX flj j
[ jgk g,4
og dc rd rqégkjh xksn eX flj j[rk jgsxk` cnyus okys dks id\Ldj ge c\Lh
>a>I eX i\Ls gqS gT] pk,chl ?aIs4 vk,j og cnyus okyk cnyk tk jgk g,] dksB
mik; ugC g,4 vk,j ßlk ugC g, fd ogh cnyk tk jgk g,] ge Hh cnys tk jgs
gT4 tgka n1æ; dh nqfu;k g,] ogka lc cnyrk tk jgk g,4 ogka dqN Hjkslk ugC g,4
rks tks n1æ; dh [kst eX nk,\L jgk g,] og Vtnxh Hj ih\Lk eX] ijs'kuh eX jgsxk4
vk,j vly eX rks ge gh guC nk,\L jgs gT4 c\Ls cqf0eku Hh nk,\L tkrs gT4
jkepa– nk,\L xS ¬o<Z e1x ds ihNs4 ge Hh Sd nGk lksprs] fd lksus dk fgj<
gksrk Hh g,` ysfdu jke nk,\L xS lksus dk fgj< ns[ dj4 lhrk dk Hh eu gqvk
fd ys vkvks lksus ds e1x dks id\L dj4 lksus dk dgC fgj< gksrk g,` ysfdu jk
e nk,\L tkrs gT4 ge Hh nk,\L jgs gT4 vly eX gekjs Hhrj Hh jke gh nk,\L jgs gT
4 nk,\Lsxk dk,u` ¬o<Z e1x fn[kB i\L jgs gT4 ge nk,\Ls pys tk jgs gT4
Sd nqfu;k g,] tgka ge nk,\Lrs7nk,\Lrs] u ekywe fdrus vuar dky ls nk,\Lrs gT4 ysf
du dc rd nk,\Lrs jgXxs4 D;k vHh dkGh nk,\L ugC gks x;h` le; ugC vk x;k
fd ge mls igpkuX tks nk,\L jgk g,` mls igpkuX] tks ns[ jgk g,4 vxj le;
vk x;k g, mls igpkuus dk] rks u;h nk,\L u cukS] nsoh nsorkvkX dh] bldh7ml
dh4 ugC] vc u;h nk,\L ugC pkfgS4 vc rks nk,\L dks Ogjuk pkfgS4 vk,j mls ns
[uk g,] tks lkjh nk,\L dks lnk ns[rk jgk g,4 lekf/ mldk }kj g,4 vki vkt j

’kwU; lekf/k
kf_ mlds fyS vkeaf_r gT] Sd ?aIs ds ek,u ds fyS vki flGZ ek,u eX lquus dh
dksf'' djX4 vk,j dqN u dfjS4 'k;n tks 'çn eX ugC dgk tk ldrk g,] og
fuA'çn eX vki rd igqap tkS4 igqap ldrk g,4 'çn gh Sdek_ ekxZ ugC g,] i
gqapkus dk4
lp rks ;g g, fd 'çn dksB ekxZ ugC g,4 D;kXfd ek,u ge ugC gks ldrs gT] blf
yS 'çn eX ckr djuh i\Lrh g,4 dk'] ge pqi gks ldX] rc 'çn dh dksB tWj
r ugC jg tkrh g,4 tc tks dguk g,] og fcuk dgs Hh dgk tk ldrk g,4 ns[X]
'k;n ek,u eX og laokn gks lds] tks 'çn ls ugC gks ldrk4
le> dk }kj
esjs fiz; vk®eu]
izæu3Sd fe_ us iwNk g, fd v¬rs;] cz‰p;Z] vlaxzg vkfn ozrkX ds ikyu ds fy
S xka/h th us dgk g,] vk,j iratfy us Hh bl ij tksj fn;k g,4 rks D;k lekf/
ds igys budh lk/uk vkoæ;d g,` ;k buds fcuk gh lekf/ rd igqapk tk ld
rk g,`
Hxoku Jh3lekf/ u feys] rks u vVgld gks ldrk g,] u dksB vifjxzgh6 u d
ksB l®; dks gh miyç/ gks ldrk g,4 vVglk] l®; vk,j vifjxzg lc ifj<ke gT]
d¥;k< ugC4 vVglk dks lk/ dj dksB lekf/ rd ugC igqaprk g,4 lekf/ rd
tks igqap tkrk g,] mlds thou eX vVglk] Gfyr gksrh g,4 ;g Gwy dh rjg g,]
cht dh rjg ugC4 lekf/ ds cht dks rks cksuk i\Lrk g,4 thou dks le>us eX
vDlj Hwy gks tkrh g, fd D;k cht g, vk,j D;k Gwy g,4 vVglk] cz‰p;Z] vifj
xzg] lekf/ ds ik,/s eX yxs Gwy gT4 vk,j vxj fdlh us lh/k Gwy pkgk] rks flGZ
cktkj ls udyh Gwy [jhn ldrk g, vk,j dqN Hh ugC dj ldrk4 ik,/kX fd f
cuk Gwy ugC gkXxs4 cktkj eX dkxt ds vk,j îykf¬Id ds fey ldrs gT4
xka/hth ftls vVglk dgrs gT] og esjh n1f‘I eX vVglk ugC g,4 v®;ar dkxt dh
vVglk g,4 lekf/ ik,/s ij ugC yxrh g,4 bls le> ysuk cgqr mi;ksxh g,6 D;kXf
d gekjs eu eX bl rjg dh cgqr Hzkafr;ka gT4 xka/hth dh vVglk eX Vglk dk r
®o fujarj ek,twn g,4
xka/hth viuh vVglk ls Hh ogh dke ys jgs gT] tks dksB Vglk ls ysrk g,4 Vglk
dk eryc g, nwljs dks nckuk4 vxj eT Sd Nqjk ysdj vkidh Nkrh ij [\Lk gks
tkMa] vk,j dgwa fd esjh ckr ekuks] vü;Fk Nqjk rqégX ekj nwaxk] rks ;g Vglk g,
4 vk,j vxj eT Nqjs dh /kj viuh Nkrh dh rjG dj ywa vk,j dgwa] esjh ckr ek
uks] vü;Fk eT Nqjk ekj ywaxk] rks ;g vVglk d,ls`
xka/hth ds lc vu'u Vglk®ed gT4 blfyS xka/hth dh vVglk dh fujarj ckr
phr ds ckn Hh bl ns' eX Vglk gh Gfyr gqB] vVglk Gfyr ugC gks ldrh4 V
gnq¬rku Hh caIk] yk[kX yksx Hh ejs vk,j xka/hth dk var Hh Vglk eX gh gqvk4
;g vVglk ugC g,4 ysfdu xka/h Hh Hze eX gT vk,j muds vuq;k;h Hh Hze eX gT4

’kwU; lekf/k
vVglk dk Gwy yxrk gh lekf/ eX g,4 nksukX ckrkX eX cqfu;knh GdZ g,4 vxj ge
cktkj ls vVglk [jhn ykS] rks mleX ;kuh dkxt ds Gwy eX vk,j vlyh Gwy
eX dqN cqfu;knh GdZ gksxk gh4
igyk GdZ rks ;g g, fd tc vVglk lekf/ ls fudyh g,] rks Vglk ls y\L dj u
gC fudyrh4 tc lekf/ vkrh g,] rks Vglk fol√tr gks tkrh g,4 tks 's" jg tk
rk g,] og vVglk g,4 vVglk] Vglk ds foijhr ugC g, fd vki Vglk ls y\Ls vk,j
vVgld gks tkSaxs4
vVglk dk eryc g, Vglk dk vHko4 tc lekf/ eX vkidks fn[k;h i\Lrk g, fd
eT vk,j rw eX GdZ gh ugC g,] tc lekf/ eX ;g cks/ gksrk g, fd eT gh gwa] ;k
rw gh g,] Sd gh g,] rc fGj Vglk dk ekxZ ugC jg tkrk] mik; ugC jg tkrk]
fdls ekjs vk,j fdls lrkS2 vius dks rks dksB lrkuk pkgrk ugC4
eT gh gwa] vxj ;g cks/ gks tkS] rks Sd vVglk Gfyr gksxh] tks cgqr fHU izd
kj dh gksxh4 mleX Vglk dk dksB uke rd ugC gksxk Sd vk,j rjg dh vVglk
g, >wOh] feƒ;k4 og vVglk ßlh g, fd Vglk ls y\Ldj miyç/ gksrh g,4 Vglk g,]
mls y\L dj nckvks vk,j vVgld cuks4 Vglk dks feIkvks vk,j vVgld cuks4 v
c ;g izf∂;k le>us t,lh g,4 vxj dksB Vgld fpR Vglk dks nckus dh dksf''
djds vVgld cu tkS] rks Mij ls og vVgld gksxk] Hhrj ls nch gqB Vglk
mleX lnk 's" jg tkSxh4 og Vglk uS7uS WikX eX fudyuh 'qW gksxh4 ml Vg
lk ds cgqr uS7uS Wi gkXxs4 igpkuk cgqr eqfædy gks tkSxk4 blfyS Ohd] l
πph Vglk gh csgrj g, >wOh vVglk ds ctk;] D;kXfd /ks[k cgqr g,] igpku eX u
gC vkrh4
esjs Hhrj tks Vglk g,] vxj eX blls u yLwa rks y\Lsxk dk,u eT gh yLwaxk4 Vglk
dks nckSxk dk,u` eT gh nckMaxk eT] tks fd Vglk gwa] esjs nckus eX Hh Vglk gksx
h4 esjs Vglk ls y\Lus eX Hh Vglk gksxh4 vk,j esjh og tks Vglk dh o1fR g,] og
tks nwljkX ls y\Lrh Fh] viuh gh Vglk ls y\L dj u;h gks tkSxh4 vius ls gh
eT yLwaxk4
nwljkX ls tc dksB y\Lrk g,] rks geX fn[kB nsrk g,4 ysfdu tc dksB vius ls y\L
rk g,] rks geX fn[kB ugC nsrk4 vius ls y\Luk Hh mruh gh Vglk g,] ftruk nwl
jkX ls y\Luk Vglk g,4 vly eX y\Lus eX gh Vglk g,4 rks] tks ø;fDr u,frd Wi ls
vVgld cuus dh dksf'' djsxk] og y\Lsxk4 tks ø;fDr ps‘Ik djsxk cz‰p;Z /k
j< djus dh] og djsxk D;k` og lsDl ls y\Lsxk` og dke dh okluk dks Hhr
j nckSxk` og Hhrj nc dj vk,j vpsru eX c,O tkSxk fnu Hj og cz‰p;Z
eX jgsxk] jkr ¬oîu eX vcz‰p;Z vk tkSxk4
xka/hth dgrs Fs fd tkxrs eX rks eTus dke ij fot; ik yh] ysfdu uCn eX ugC
4 uCn eX] ¬oîu eX] cz‰p;Z ¬[fyr gks tkrk IwI tkrk] ¬oîu vk tkrs gT tks vcz

’kwU; lekf/k
‰p;Z ds gT4 vkSxh gh2 bleX xka/h dk dlj ugC] xka/hth dh izf∂;k dk dlwj
g,4
fnu Hj nck ldrs gT vki2 jkr dks dk,u nckSxk` vki lks xS gT] nckus okyk
lks x;k g,] igjsnkj lks x;k g,4 ftls nck;k g,] og jkr eX ckgj fudysxk] bl
fyS lk/q laü;klh lksus ls Hh Ljus yxrs gT] uCn ls ?cjkus yxrs gT4 vc uCn t,
lh funk∆" pht Hh Ljkus yxrh g,] D;kXfd fnu Hj ftl nck;k g,] og uCn eX
yk,I vkrk g,4 og dgC tkrk ugC] og Hhrj fNi tkrk g,4 og dgrk g, vHh
ugC] ek,dk feysxk rd fudy vkMaxk4
tks Hhrj fNi tkrk g,] mldh izf∂;k c\Lh fNih gks tkrh g,4 og uS7uS 'k¬_kX
ls nwljkX dks lrkus vk,j nckus ds ekxZ [kstus yxrk g,4 ysfdu vπNs jk¬rs Hh g,
lrkus ds] ftudks ge vπNs yksx dgrs g,] os vπNs jk¬rs ls lrkrs gT4 os Pax ls
lrkrs gT vk,j mudk lrkuk bruk /k√ed Pax dk gksrk g, fd id\Luk Hh eqfæd
y gks tkrk g,4 os lrk jgs gT] vius dks Hh lrkrs gT] nwljkX dks Hh lrkrs gT4
Sd vkneh dks Hw[k ekjus eX ge dgXxs Vglk g,4 vk,j [qn miokl djds Hw[s e
jX rks ge dgXxs riæp;kZ g,4 vk®eVglk riæp;kZ gks tkrh g,4 vius ij Vglk dj
uk riæp;kZ gks tkrh g,4 vius dks lrkuk riæp;kZ gks tkrh g,4
nks rjg ds Vgld yksx gT4 vaxzsth eX nks 'çn gT l,fL¬I eslksf;¬I2 l,fL¬I mls dg
rs gT] tks vius dks lrkS4 vk®e ih\Ld vk,j ijih\Ld] nks rjg dh VglkSa gT4 ysf
du ge vk®eih\Ld Vglk dks vVglk le>s c,Os gT4 igpku eqfædy gks tkrh g,4
;g vk®eih\Ld Vglk gh g,] vk,j [rjukd Hh g,4
Lk~ vacsLdj ds f[ykG xka/h th us vu'u fd;k Fk4 os dgrs Fs fd esjs vu'u
ls nwljs dk Ôn; ifjorZu gksxk] ysfdu dHh gqvk ugC4 iwjs muds thou eX fd
lh dk Ôn; ifjorZu gqvk] ßlk fn[kB ugC i\Lk4 vu'u mügkXus cgqr ckj fdS
] Ôn; ifjorZu fdlh dk Hh ugC gqvk4
vacsLdj ds f[ykG fd;k4 gqvk` vk,j vacsLdj] xka/hth ej u tkS blfyS >qds
3>qdus dks jkth gks xS] ysfdu vacsLdj us ckn eX dgk] esjk dksB Ôn; ifjorZ
u ugC gks x;k vk,j u eT bl ckr ls jkth gks x;k gwa fd xka/hth tks dgrs gT]
og Ohd g,4 eT rks flGZ bl ckr ls >qd x;k gwa fd ukgd esjs Mij xka/hth dh
g®;k dk cks> u i\Ls4
xka/hth vk®eg®;k djus dh r,;kjh fn[k nsrs t¥nh ls vk,j mls l®;kxzg dgrs4
vly eX dksB Hh vkxzg] l®; dk dHh gksrk gh guC4 lc vkxzg l®; dks gksrs
gT4 vkxzg eX gh vl®; fNik gqvk g,4 tc eT dgrk gwa] vkxzgiwoZd] fd ßlk mls
Hh djuk i\Lsxk] rHh Vglk 'qW gks tkrh g,4 nwljs dks nckus dh ps‘Ik gh Vglk g,
] ysfdu dksB vius dks Hh nck ldrk g,4
lekf/ ogka ys tkrh g, tgka eu gh 'wü; gks tkrk g,3tgka ls Vglk mOrh Fh] o
g vk/kj gh fxj tkrk g,2 ßlk ugC g, fd Vglk ds foijhr vVglk i,nk gks tkr

’kwU; lekf/k
h g,4 ugC] Vglk ds u jg tkus ij vVglk 's" jg tkrh g,4 blfyS vVglk udk
jk®ed 'çn g,4 vVglk dk eryc g,] tgka Vglk ugC g,4
¬ej< jgs3bldk dqy eryc bruk g, fd tgka Vglk [ks x;h g,] ogka tks 's" j
g x;k g,] og vVglk g,4
ysfdu gekjh izf∂;k m¥Ih g,4 ∂ks/h vkneh v∂ks/h gksus dh dksf'' djrk g,4 Vg
ld vVgld gksus dh dksf'' djrk g,4 pksj vpksj gksus dh dksf'' dj jgk g,4
csBeku Bekunkj gksus dh dksf'' dj jgk g,4 vc csBeku Bekunkj gksus dh dksf
'' eX Hh csBekuh dj tkSxk4 og csBeku g,4 Vgld vVgld gksus dh dksf''
eX gh Vglk ns[k nsxk4 ∂ks/h v∂ks/h gksus dh ps‘Ik eX gh ∂ks/ dks iwjk dk iwjk iz
dI dj ysxk4 ysfdu igpku eqfædy gksrh g,4
igpku eqfædy gksrh g,] D;kXfd ge bruk nck ldrs gT vius Hhrj] fd geX [qn
Hh irk u jg tkS fd geus dgka nck fn;k` ysfdu ek,ds7csek,ds fudy ldrk
g,4
xka/hth fujarj dgrs Fs fd esjk dksB okn ugC g,4 esjk dksB fl0kar ugC g,4 xka
/hokn t,lh dksB pht ugC g,4 c\Lh fouez ckr Fh4 vk,j geX yxrk Fk fd fouez
rk ls gh ckr dgh tk jgh g,4
djkaph eX Sd dküGjsül gks jgh Fh vk,j xka/hth ogka cksy jgs Fs4 ogka dé;qfu¬I
kX us dkys >aLs fn[kS vk,j xka/hokn eqnkZckn ds ukjs yxkS4 xka/h ekbd ij c,Os
Fs fujarj4 rks tc Hh dksB dgrk Fk] xka/hokn] rc os dgrs Fs xka/hokn t,lh
dksB pht ugC4 ysfdu ml fnu tc yksxkX us xka/hokn eqnkZckn ds ukjs yxkS4 v
k,j dkys >aLs fn[kS] rks muds eqag ls fudy x;k] xka/h ej ldrk g,] ysfdu xka
/hokn vej g,4
vpsru eX tks fNik Fk] og izdI gks x;k4 og dgC Hhrj dksus eX nck Fk4 ml
dk irk pyuk eqfædy g,4 dqN Hh irk ugC pyrk gekjs eu ds dksus dk] fd
dgka dk,u lh ckr fNih g,4 og fdlh ek,ds ij fudy ldrh g,4 fdlh {< eX v
xj igjk u gks] rks vpkud fudy ldrh g,4 xka/h th dh Vtnxh dks cgqr Ohd
ls le> ysuk mi;ksxh g,4 xka/hth dh Vtnxh Sd c\Lk vlGy iz;ksx g,3egku
vlGy iz;ksx4
iz;ksx cgqr gh c\Lk g,] ysfdu mruh gh c\Lh lGyrk Hh g,4 vk,j le> ysuk bl
fyS tWjh g,] rkfd vVglk dh gekjh tks Hzkar /kj<k g,] og feIk tkS4 vVgl
k vki lk/ ugC ldrs4 lk/sxk dk,u` Vglk vVglk dks d,ls lk/sxk` Vgld dqN
Hh djsxk] mleX Vglk ek,twn jgsxh4
Vgld feI tkS] foyhu gks tkS] rks 'k;n tks 's" jg tkS og vVglk gksxh4
eTus xquk g,3Sd xkao eX Sd vkneh Fk cgqr ∂ks/h] bruk ∂ks/h fd mlus viuh
i®uh dks /Ddk nsdj ekj Lkyk4 fGj iNrk;k ∂ks/h Hh iNrk;k g,4 lp rks ;
g g, fd ∂ks/h gh iNrkrs gT4 ftlus ∂ks/ ugC fd;k] og D;kX iNrkSxk` vk,j i

’kwU; lekf/k
Nrkok tks g,] og ∂ks/ ds foijhr ugC g,4 iNrkok tks g,] og ∂ks/ ij2 tgka g
eus 'qW fd;k Fk ∂ks/] ogC okil yk,I tkus dk g, mlh ¬Fku ij] rkfd fGj ∂
ks/ fd;k tk lds4 iNrk;k rjdhc g, ∂ks/ ds okil yk,Ius dh4 vxj eTus vkidks
xkyh nh g,] rks ekGh ekax vk;k gwa4 rc vki le> tkS vc fGj eT r,;kjh d
j jgk gwa fd iqjkus laca/kX ij yk,I vkMa] rkfd eT fGj xkyh ns ldwa4 u eq>s irk
g,] u vkidks irk4 ysfdu ge okil yk,I jgs gT mlh ¬Fku eX] tgka xkyh nsus
ds igys Fs rkfd fGj ls xkyh ns ldwa4 eT ogC yk,I tkMaxk4 okil4dksB cqf0eku
vkneh dHh ugC iNrkrk] flok; fucqZf0;kX ds4 D;kXfd iNrkus ls dqN feIrk
ugC g,4 iNrkus ls flGZ Sd iqjkuh f¬Ffr ij yk,I tkrs gT4 fGj ogh djrs gT] f
Gj iNrkrs gT] fGj ogh djrs gT] fGj iNrkrs gT4 Vtnxh Hj og jksx dh rjg
pDdj dkIrk jgrk g,4 iNrkok dh ∂ks/ dk fg¬lk g,4 og vkneh cgqr iNrk
;k4 i®uh ej x;h Fh4 bruk mlus lkspk Hh u Fk4 /Ddk fn;k Fk] rc ;g ug
C lkspk Fk fd ekj gh Lkyuk g,4 vDlj ge ugC lksprs fd D;k ifj<ke gkXxs4
ifj<ke gks tkrs gT] rHh irk pyrk g,4 nq[h gqvk4 xkao eX Sd eqfu vkS Fs] v
kdj muds pj<kX dks id\L fy;k4 mlus dgk] eq>s cpkvks] esjh thou dk D;k g
ksxk` eT rks udZ dk jk¬rk r; dj jgk gwa4 i®uh dks /Ddk nsdj eTus ekj Lkyk4
eT d,ls ∂ks/ ls eqDr gks tkMa`
rks] lk/q laü;kfl;kX ds ikl vk,j dksB jk¬rk ugC3muds ikl Sd gh jk¬rk g,4
mügkXus dgk fd lalkj nk,\L ns4 t,ls fd lalkj Nks\Lus ls ∂ks/ ∂ks/ ls eqDr gks tk
rk g,2 vc rd rks ßlk gqvk ugC4 lalkj Nks\Lus okys yksxkX dh vxj dHh tkap
i\Lrky dh tkS] rks os lalkj eX jgus okys yksxkX ls vDlj †;knk ∂ks/h fl0 gkX
xs4 D;kXfd ;gka rks jkst7jkst ∂ks/ ds]fudy tkus ds Hh mik; jgrs gT] rks ∂ks/
bdØk ugC gks ikrk6 ogka ek,ds us gksus dh otg ls ∂ks/ bdØk gksrk tkrk g,4 +
f" eqfu;kX dh ge tks dFkSa i\Prs gT egk∂ks/ dh] nqokZlk dh] vfH'ki dh] og
c\Lh Ohd g,4 +f" eqfu;kX ds y{< ;gh gT4 ∂ks/ dks jksdXxs] bdØk gks tkSxk4
dgk eqfu us fd rw ®;kxh gks tk] Nks\L ns lc] laü;klh gks tk4 lalkj eX ∂ks/ ls
eqDr d,ls gksxk` og vkneh rks ∂ks/h Fk4 ∂ks/h dk eryc ;g g, fd {< eX H
kokfo‘I gksdj dqN Hh dj ysuk4 viuh i®uh dks /Ddk ns ldrk g,] vius dks H
h /Ddk ns ldrk g,4 ml vkneh us ogC di\Ls GXds vk,j uaxk [\Lk gks x;k] mlus
dgk fd eTus Nks\Lk lalkj4
ml eqfu us dgk fd rsjs t,lk lad¥ioku vkneh eTus ugC ns[k] cgqr yksxkX us l
e>k;k3Nks\Lks2 ;s dgrs gT3dy Nks\LXxs] ijlkX Nks\LXxs2 rw egku vk®ek ekywe gksrk
g,4 eqfu Hh ugC le>s fd egku vk®ek ugC g,4 eqfu u le>ks4 tks Sd {< eX
i®uh dks dqSa eX /Ddk ns vk;k] og Sd {< eX vius dks Hh laü;klh eX /Ddk
ns ldrk g,4 ∂ks/ dk gh Wi g, og Hh] ysfdu ∂ks/ ds bl Wi dks igpkuuk
eqfædy g,6 D;kXfd blus c\Ls lqanj o¬_ igu fyS gT4 og vkneh laü;klh gks x;k]

’kwU; lekf/k
vk,j eqfu ds cgqr f'‘; Fs] ysfdu mlds eqdkcys dksB Hh u jgk4 D;kXfd f'‘;
vxj Nk;k eX c,Os Fs] rks og lnk /wi eX [\Lk gksrk vk,j f'‘; vxj nks ckj H
kstu djrs] rks og Sd ckj gh Hkstu djrk4 vk,j f'‘; vxj Ng ?aIs lksrs] rks
og nks ?aIs lksrk vk,j f'‘; vxj ca/s gqS jk¬rs ij pyrs] rks og uhps dkaIkX ds
jk¬rs ij pyrk4 mldh “;kfr G,yus yxh4 xqQ Ghdk i\Lus yxk vk,j mldh r
iæp;kZ dh “;kfr G,yus yxh4 vly eX ftldks ge ri dgrs gT] og ∂ks/h gh d
j ldrk g,] dksB 'kar fpR vkneh ml rjg dh uklef>;ka ugC dj ldrk] d
jus dk dksB dkj< ugC4
og vkneh Fk ∂ks/h] ysfdu egkri¬oh gks x;k4 nwj7nwj rd mldh “;kfr igqap
x;h4 yksx nwj7nwj ls mlds pj<kX eX ue¬dkj djus vkus yxs4 vk,j ftruk gh v
knj feyus yxk] mruk gh mldk ri c\Pus yxk4 ri ds fyS vknj iDdk Hkstu
g,4 fcuk vknj ds ri ugC c\Prk] c\L gh ugC ldrk6 D;kXfd ri c\Pkus ds fyS
vgadkj pkfgS vk,j vknj vgadkj dks etcwr djuk g,] Hjrk g,4 dgrk g,] rq
e dgks egku2
Sd vkneh dks ;g [;ky i,nk dj nks fd rqe gks egku2 fGj mlls dksB Hh ew\
Prk djokB tk ldrh g,4 ßlh dksB ew\Prk ugC g,] tks mlls u djokB tk lds4
vgadkj fGj dqN Hh djus dks jkth gks tkrk g,4 fGj og flj ds cy 'h"kZlu
djrk g,] og dqN Hh dj ldrk g,4
og vkneh dqN Hh djus yxk] mldh nsg lw[ dj dkaIk gks x;h4 ysfdu vc o
g fdlh ij ∂ks/ ugC djrk Fk] D;kXfd ∂ks/ dh tks m‘<rk] tks 'fDr Fh] og
vius ij gh fudyh tk jgh Fh4 og vius dks gh bruk lrk jgk Fk fd vc
vk,j fdlh dks lrkus dk dksB dkj< ugC jg x;k Fk4 lrkus dh tks o1fR g,] m
ldh r1fîr gks jgh Fh4 vius dks gh lrk dj gks jgh Fh4 lc rjg ds nq[ vius
dks gh ns jgk Fk4
fGj og fdlh ns' dh jkt/kuh eX igqapk cpiu dk mldk Sd fe_] ml jkt/
kuh eX jgrk Fk4ml fe_ us lquk fd egk∂ks/h esjk lkFh egku ri¬oh gks x;k4
mls c\Lk fojks/ fn[kB i\Lk4 bu nksukX ckrkX eX c\Lk fojks/ g,4 ok¬ro eX fojks/
g, ugC2 eu ds l®; dks tks tkurs gT] og tkurs gT] bleX fojks/ g, ugC2 egk∂ks
/h gh egkri¬oh gks ldrk g,] ysfdu ml fe_ dks c\Lk pe®dkj ekywe gqvk4 ;
g d,ls gqvk g,` og n'Zu djus x;k4
ri¬oh dk eap /hjs7/hjs Mapk gksrk x;k Fk4 t,ls7t,ls ri c\Pk] o,ls7o,ls eap ds
i,j c\Ls gksrs pys xS4 ri¬oh c\Ls eap ij c,Ok Fk4 fe_ igqapk] ri¬oh us igpku
rks fy;k fd cpiu dk lkFh g,] ysfdu tc ∂ks/ eap ij vklhu gks tkS] rks
eap ds uhps ds yksxkX dks dHh ugC igpkurk4 d,ls igpkus` ml igpkuus eX Hh
c\Lh ghurk g,4 mleX ;g [cj g, fd dHh ge Hh rqégkjs t,ls gh uhp Fs] lkFh
Fs] fe_ Fs4 ns[ rks fy;k Fk fe_ dks] ysfdu igpkuk ugC4 fe_ Hh le> x;

’kwU; lekf/k
k fd ns[ rks fy;k g,] igpku Hh fy;k g,] ysfdu igpku ugC jgk g,4 fe_ ikl
tkdj c,O x;k vk,j ml fe_ us dgk] egkjkt2 eT vkidks uke tkuuk pkgrk
gwa4
eqfu us ∂ks/h gksus dh otg ls vk,j ∂ks/ ds foijhr nh{k yh Fh] mldks 'kafr
ukF dk uke ns fn;k Fk4 eqfu us uhps vkx lh tyrh gqB vka[kX ls ns[k vkj d
gk] v[ckj ugC i\Prs gks` jsfL;ks ugC lqurs gks` esjk vk,j uke` uke esjk irk
ugC g,` esjk uke g, eqfu 'kafrukF2 ysfdu muds dgus eX gh iwjh v'kafr ek,tw
n Fh4
ml fe_ us dgk] dksB GdZ rks ekywe ugC gksrk] ysfdu fGj txr eX lc pe®
dkj gks tkrs gT4 fe_ Fks\Lh nsj pqi jgk] fGj vk®eKku ox,jg dh ckrX pyrh j
gC] t,lk fd eqfu;kX ds ikl pyrh jgrh gT4
fGj Fks\Lh nsj ckn] nks pkj fefuI ds ckn] fe_ us dgk] ekG dfjS] eT Hwy x
;k] vkius D;k uke crk;k`
rc rks ∂ks/ dh lhek u jgh4 Sd rks tkurk g, eqfu Hyh Hkafr] fd ifjfpr g,
] cpiu dk lkFh g,4 eqfu us dgk] D;k dgka` lquk ugC` cgjs gks` esjk uke g,
eqfu 'kafrukF2 Ohd ls lqu yks4
fGj vk®eKku dh ckr pyus yxh4 fGj ml fe_ us Fks\Lh nsj ckn dgk] ekG
dfjS] uke rks eT Hwy gh x;k4
fGj rks eqfu us LaLk mOk fy;k4vk,j eqfu us dgk3ßls u ekuksxs2
rks mlus dgk] vc igpku x;k] vc dksB dfOukB ugC g,4 eT c\Lh nqfo/k eX i\L
x;k Fk fd rqe vk,j eqfu d,ls gks xS4 vc esjh 'adk nwj gqB4 lek/ku gks x;k
4 vc eT tkrk gwa4 rqe ogh gks] dqN GdZ ugC gqvk4
∂ks/] ∂ks/ dks feIkus dh dksf'' ls flGZ nc ldrk g,] feI ugC ldrk4 Vglk2
Vglk dks feIkus dh dksf'' ls flGZ vk®e lw[ gks ldrk g,] og feI ugC ld
rh4 cz‰p;Z2 dke dks nckus dh dksf'' ls og flGZ ekufld ø;fHpkj cu ld
rk g,] vk,j dqN Hh guC4 fGj D;k jk¬rk g,` jk¬rk g,3jk¬rk ;g g, fd gekjk
vkewy Wikarj< gks4 ijarq ge Sd7Sd fg¬ls dks cnyus dh dksf'' djX4vk,j vk
ewy Wikarj< g, lekf/4 ge flGZ mldks tkuus eX yx tkS tks gekjs Hhrj xg
js ls xgjs eX fNik g,4 ge mldh Hh cgqr fGdj u djX fd ge d,ls di\Ls igu
rs gT] d,lk ∂ks/ djrs gT] d,lk Hkstu djrs gT] d,lk vkpj< djrs gT4 ge bl
ifjf/ ij u HIdX4 ge rks mls [kstus eT yx tkS] tks Hhrj fNik g,] xgjs ls
Hh xgjs eX4 ∂ks/ ds Hh xgjs eX tks c,Ok g,] ge mldh [kst djX4
yksHh ds Hhrj Hh ijek®ek mruk gh ek,twn g,]ftruk fuyk∆Hh ds Hhrj2 vk,j
∂ks/h ds Hhrj Hh ijek®ek mruk gh ek,twn g,] ftruk v∂ks/h ds Hhrj4 ijek®
ek dh ek,twnxh eX GdZ ugC g,4 ge d,ls Hh vkneh gks] gekjs Hhrj og ije †

’kwU; lekf/k
;ksfr ek,twn gT4 ge mldh >yd dh Vprk djX] mls ge igpkuus dh Vprk djX4
lekf/ mls igpkuus dk ekxZ g,4 vk,j ftl fnu ml †;ksfr dks igpku ysrs gT]
mlh fnu lc cny tkrk g,6 D;kXfd ml fnu ds ckn ge ogh vkneh ugC gks l
drs] tks ge mlds igys Fs4 D;kX` D;kXfd c\Lk cqfu;knh GdZ i\L tkrk g,4
Sd vkneh NksIh7NksIh ckrkX eX ∂ksf/r gksrk g,4 D;kX` D;kXfd mlus dHh 'kafr
ugC tkuh4vxj og Sd ckj 'kafr dks tku ys rks mlds fyS ∂ks/ djuk vlaHo
gks tkSxk4
cq0 Sd ?j eX Ogjs gqS gT4 Sd vkneh us vkdj mu ij Fwd fn;k g,4 mügkXus
Fwd lkG dj fy;k vk,j ml vkneh ls dgk vk,j dqN djuk g,` ml vkneh us
dgk] eTus vkids Mij Fwdk g,] vki ∂ksf/r u gkXxs` cq0 us dgk] nl lky igys
vkrs] tc eT ∂ksf/r gksrk Fk4 rqe c\Lh nsj djds vkS4 mlus dgk] vHh D;k f
cx\Lk g,` eTus vkids Mij Fwdk] vki ∂ksf/r gks tkS4 cq0 us dgk]rqégkjs ∂ks/
dks rks eTus pknj ls ikXN dj gh vyx dj fn;k4 esjs Hhrj tks v[aL 'kafr foj
kteku gqB g,] og rqégkjs Fwdus ls ugC gI ldrh4 rqégkjk Fwduk ogka rd igqap
rk gh ugC4 rqe dqN Hh djks] rqe ogka rd ugC igqaprs gks4 tc eT [qn ogka ug
C Fk vk,j ?j ds ckgj gh ?werk Fk] rc Fwd esjs rd igqap tkrk Fk4 D;kXfd
eT Hh ?j ds ckgj]rqégkjk Fwd Hh ?j ds ckgj4 tc ls eT feI x;k gwa] rc ls
rqégkjk Fwd] eq>s ehykX Gklys ij i\Lk gqvk fn[kB i\Lk gqvk fn[kB i\Lrk g,4 f
tlls esjk dksB ysuk nsuk ugC4
Fwdus dh ø;FZ esgur dh] rqe xyr] vkneh ds ikl vk xS4 dksB Ohd vkneh
[kstks4
og vkneh c\Lh eqfædy eX i\L x;k gksxk4 yk,Ik x;k] ijarq] jkr Hj lks u ldk
gksxk4 nwljs fnu {ek ekaxus vk;k4 cq0 ds i,jkX ij flj j[ dj jksus yxk] {e
k dj nX4
cq0 us dgk] {ek dWa` rks eryc gksxk] eTus ∂ks/ Hh fd;k Fk4 ∂ks/ eTus fd;k
ugC] flGZ n;k [k;h Fh fd d,ls ikxy gks2 fdlfyS Fwd jgs gks` ∂ks/ rks fd
;k ugC2 D;kXfd ∂ks/ djus dk dksB dkj< ugC g,4 vc eT le> x;k gwa fd nwljs
dh Hwy ds fyS vius dks naL nsuk ikxyiu g,4 rwe Fwdks] eT ∂ksf/r gksdj vkx
eX tywa] eT ßlk ikxy ugC gwa4 eT Vtnxh ds xf<r dks le> x;k gwa4 rqeus dh
g, Hwy] rqe tkuks4 eT D;kX ∂ksf/r gksMa` rks cq0 ckn eX dgrs Fs fd ∂ks/ djuk
] nwljkX dh Hwy ds fyS vius dks naL nsuk g,4 ysfdu ;g dc fn[kB i\Ls` ;g
rc fn[kB i\Ls] tc Hhrj dh 'kafr dk vkdk' f[y tkS4 rc fGj ßlk ugC
g, fd ∂ks/ Nks\Luk i\Ls4 ugC] ∂ks/ rks IwI tkrk g,4 ßls gh] t,ls fdlh vkneh ds
gkF eX jaxhu dadj7i®FjkX dks cks> gks] eqØh cks> dks id\Ls gks] fGj mls ghjkX
dh [nku fey tk] vk,j mls irk u pys fd eqØh dc [kyh gks x;h] i®Fj uh

’kwU; lekf/k
ps fxj xS vk,j ghjs mlus Hj fyS4 rks D;k ge dgXxs] rqe c\Ls ®;kxh gks] rqe
us i®Fj Nks\L fnS`
ugC] ®;kxh rks og rc gksrk] tc i®Fj id\Ls gh jgrk vk,j ghjs dh fGdj u
djrk4 tc ghjs dh [nku fey tkS rks i®Fj NwI tkrs gT] Nks\Lus ugC i\Lrs4 t
c Hhrj dh 'kafr dk vuqHo gks tkS rks ckgj dh v'kafr ds mik; NwI tkrs gT
] Nks\Lus ugC i\Lrs4 vk,j tc Hhrj Sd vkuan dh fdj< GwI tkS] rks lsDl ls]
dke ls feyus okyk lq[ nq[ t,lk gks tkr g,] mldk dksB vFZ ugC jg tkrk4
blfyS dksB dke ds lq[ dks rc rd ugC Nks\L ldrk] tc rd lekf/ ds lq[
] dks u ikys4 vk,j dksB Vglk dks rc rd ugC Nks\L ldrk] tc rd fd Hhrj
ds v},r dks u ikys4 vk,j ckgj dh laifR ds Hkj dks dksB rc rd ugC Nks\L l
drk] tc rd Hhrj dh laink miyç/ u gks tkS4
rks eT ;g dg jgk gwa fd izf∂;k fcydqy m¥Ih g,3t,lk ge lksprs gT] o,lh ugC
g,4 izf∂;k ;g g, fd igys ijek®ek feys] rks lalkj NwIrk g,4 lalkj Nks\L dj d
ksB ijek®ek dks ugC ik ldrk4 lalkj Nks\L dj flGZ eqlhcr eX i\L tkuk gksrk
g,] ijek®ek feyrk ugC vk,j lalkj NwI tkrk g,4 mldh gkyr f_'adq lh gks tk
rh g,4 og chp eX yId tkrk g,4 D;kXfd dadj i®Fj Hh nk,\L fnS mlus] vk,j
ghjs dh [nku dk dksB irk ugC g,] gkF [kyh gks xS6 blfyS ;g Hjs gkFkX i
j ukjkt gksrk jgrk g,4
ftuds gkF Hjs gT] dadj iFj ls gh] mügX os xkyh nsrs jgrs gT ftuds gkF [kyh
gT4 dgrs gT3udZ tkvksxs] udZ dk bartke dj jgs gks] djks rqe Hh gkF [kyh2
og vly ex ;g dg jgk g, fd ge gh ijs'kuh eX ugC i\Ls gT] vk,j yksx Hh
i\L tkS] rks de ls de vkæoklu rks vk tkS fd ge dqN xyr ugC dj jgs
gT4
fdrus laü;klh us eq>s Sdkar eX ;gh dgk g, fd dB ckj ßlk gksrk g, fd dgC g
eus Hwy rks ugC dj yh4 dB ckj ßlh eu eX vkrk g,] tks Fk og rks NwI x;k]
ysfdu feyk rks dqN Hh ugC`
laü;klh tks ∂ks/ fn[k jgk g, lalkj ij vk,j Vunk dj jgk g,] mldk eukso,Kkfu
d dkj< g,4 mldk dkj< ;g g, fd Vunk djds og Sd lq[ ys jgk g, fd dksB
fGdj ugC] vxj gkF [kyh gT] rks dksB fGdj ugC] ¬oxZ eX gekjs gkF Hjs gkX
xs vk,j rqe udZ tkvksxs4 rks og lalkj dks xksyh ns jgk g,] lqcg ls 'ke rd4 m
udh Vunk dj jgk g,4 ;g tks ikih vk,j Vunk djus dk tks jl g,] mls jl blf
yS g, fd ogh mlds ikl g,] vc vk,j dksB jl mlds ikl ugC g,4
ftl ø;fDr dks mldh] vkuan dh >yd fey x;h gks] og lalkjh dks ikih ugC
dgsxk4 og lalkjh dks izfr Vunk ls ugC] v®;ar dQ<k ls] Hj tkSxk vk,j lksps
xk3d,ls ikxy gks2 gjs dh [nku ikl g,] rqe dadj i®Fj id\Ls c,Os gks`

’kwU; lekf/k
ysfdu og ;g Hh ugC dgsxk fd dadj i®Fj Nks\L nks4 og dgsxk3vkvks ghjs

dh [nku ij vk tkvks4 dadj i®Fj rks NwI tkSaxs] dadj i®Fj fdldks id\L
ldrs gT` vlyh /u u feys] rks udyh /u id\Luk i\Lrk g,4 ysfdu] geX muds
ckj ßlh Hkafr gksrh g, fd igys Hjk Nks\Luk i\Lsxk4 bl Hkafr dk Hh ek,fyd
dkj< g,] og Hh le> ysuk pkfgS4
vxj egkohj dks] cq0 dks Sd vkf®ed vkuan feyk g,] vxj Hhrj lekf/ fey
h g, vxj ijek®ek dk feyu gqvk g,] rks mudk Hhrj rks geX fn[k;h ugC nsrk
4 mudk var¬ry rks gekjh vka[kX dh id\L eX ugC vkrk4 muds Hhrj D;k gqvk
] geX irk ugC4 muds ckgj D;k gqvk g,] ogh geX fn[k;h i\Lrk g,4 mudh ?Iu
k] ?Iuk g,4 igys Hhrj fGj ckgj vk,j geX fn[kB i\Lrk g, ckgj igys] vk,j f
Gj ge Hhrj dk vuqHo djrs gT4
mnkgj< egkohj us o¬_ Nks\L fnS4 os u≈u gks xS4 mügkXus laifR Nks\L nh4 ?j
Nks\L fn;k] os vifjxzgh gks xS4 geX irk ugC g, fd muds Hhrj D;k gqvk4 ge
ns[X Hh rks d,ls` tks vius Hhrj Hh ns[ ugC ikrs] os egkohj ds Hhrj d,ls ns
[ ikSaxs` vk,j tks vius gh Hhrj ns[ yXxs] os egkohj dh iapk;r eX D;kX i\LXxs
fd muds Hhrj ns[us tkS4
ge vius gh Hhrj ugC >kad ikrs] rks egkohj ds Hhrj >kaduk rks vlaHo g,] f
Gj geX egkohj dk ckgj fn[kB i\Lrk g,4 fn[kB i\Lrk g, fd egkohj u≈u gks
xS4 fn[kB i\Lrk g, egkohj us ?j Nks\L fn;k] fn[k;h i\Lrk g, egkohj us /u
Nks\L fn;k] fn[kB i\Lrk g, egkohj Vglk ugC djrs] fn[kB i\Lrk g, egkohj ∂ks
/ ugC djrs2 ;g lc geX fn[kB i\Lrk g, vk,j fGj egkohj dh vka[X fn[kB i\
Lrh g,] egkohj dk psgjk fn[kB i\Lrk g,4 vk,j mldh Mijh lhek 'kar ekywe
gksrh g, vk,j os fdlh vuwOs vkuan eX ukprs vk,j tkrs ekywe gksrs gT vk,j os fdl
h vuwOs vkuan eX ukprs vk,j thrs ekywe gksrs gT4 ;g lc fn[kB i\Lrk g,] rks g
e lksprs gT 'k;n ge Hh di\Lk Nks\L ns] ?j Nks\L nX] /u Nks\L nX] rks geX Hh '
kafr fey tkS2 m¥Ih gks x;h rc rks ckr4
o,lh 'kafr feyh blfyS os ?j Nks\L lds4 ge ?j Nks\LXxs lksprs gT o,lh 'kafr f
ey tkS] m¥Ik gks x;k] Sdne m¥Ik gks x;k4 ;g ßlk gks x;k] t,ls xsgwa] cksS]
rks Hwlk i,nk gks tkrk g,4 ysfdu dksB vkneh Hwls dks cks ns] rks fGj xsgwa i,nk u
gC gks tkrk4 xsgwa ds lkF Hwlk vius vki i,nk gks tkrk g,] ysfdu Hwls ds lkF xs
gwa i,nk ugC gksrk4 vxj Hwls dks vki cks nX] [sr eX] rks Hwlk gh [jkc gks tkSx
k3xsgwa rks ugC vkSxk Hwlk Hh ugC vkSxk3dqN Hh ugC vkSxk4
rks egkohj dk Hwlk fn[kB i\Lrk g, xsgwa fn[kB ugC i\Lrk4 tks ckgj fyiIk gqv
k g,] ogh fn[kB i\Lrk g,4 ge Hh Hwlk cksus eX yx tkrs gT4 ;s tks ge ri¬oh]
lk/ g,] buds fuü;kucs izfr'r yksx Hwlk cksrs jgrs gT] vk,j c\Lh eqfædy eX i\L
tkrs gT2 u xsgwa i,nk gksrk g,] u Hwlk iwNk gksrk g,4 tks ikl eX Fk] og Hh pyk

’kwU; lekf/k
tkrk g,4 dk,u g, ik_2 tks Hwlk cksdj vk,j xsgwa i,nk dj ns4 ysfdu os dgXxs gek
jh ik_rk ugC g,] vf/dkjh ugC g, os dgsxk] 'k;n fiNys tüekX ds deZ ck/k L
ky jgs gT4 ;g rks tüe7tüe ds dk;Z dk ekeyk g,4 ;k os vk,j rjg ds yksx gkX
xs] rks dgX tc Hxoku dh Îik gksxh2 mldh Îik ds fcuk dqN Hh ugC gksrk4
izHq dh Îik ls Hh vHh rd Hwls ls xsgwa i,nk ugC gqvk vk,j vkxs Hh vk'k ugC
g, fd Hxoku dqN ßlh Îik djX4 vk,j ftl fnu Îik djsxk] rks le> yX fd fn
ekx mldk [jkc gks x;k4
ugC] Hwls ls xsgwa i,nk gksxk gh ugC4 ugC ;g fu;e gh ugC g,4 ysfdu Hwlk fn[k
B i\Lrk g, igys vk,j blls lkjh Hzkafr gks tkrh g,4 ge lHh] yksx l®; dh fdj
< dks miyç/ gksrs gT] muds ckgj ?we vkrs gT] pkjkX rjG ns[ vkrs gT4 vHh eT
Sd xkao eX esgeku Fk4 ml xkao dk dysDIj eq>ls feyus vk;k4 mlus dgk]
Sdkar eX ckr djuk g,4 dysDIj i\Pk fy[k vkneh Fk4 vanj vk;k] njoktk yI
dk fn;k vk,j eq>ls cksyk fd vkils nks pkj7ikap laokn iwNus gT4 igyk rks ;g f
d eT Hh vki t,lh pknj vks\Pus yxwa rks dqN 'kafr feysxh`
;g i\Pk fy[k vkneh2 Sd xkao dk xzkeh< iwNs rks {ek ds ;ks≈; g,4 Sd dysDI
j iwN fd ßls di\Ls eT igu ywa rks 'kafr feysxh u2 eTus dgk] Fks\Lh cgqr 'kafr
gksxh] rks og Hh [ks tkSxh4 D;kXfd bu di\LkX eX rks rqe eqlhcr eX i\L tkvksxs
4 bu di\LkX ls 'kafr dk dqN laca/ gh ugC g,4 rks mlus dgk] vkidh fnu p;kZ
crkbS4 dc vki mOrs gT] eT Hh ßlh fnup;kZ cuk ywa rks o,lk Kku ugC gksxk`
eTus dgk] fnup;kZ ls D;k eryc` lqcg ikap cts mOsxk] cl mls gh Kku gksxk
` uk, cts mOsxk mls Kku ugC gksxk` uk, cts mOus ls vxj cz‰Kku eX ck/k i\L
rh gks rks cz‰Kku cgqr detksj pht gT] vk,j cgqr W[h pht g,] D;kXfd tks ika
p cts mOrk g, mls fey tkrh g,] tks uk, cts mOrk g, mls ugC feyrh2 cpdk
uh ckr2
dc mOrs gT` dc c,Ors gT` dc lksrs gT` D;k [krs gT` D;k ihrs gT` blls cz‰
Kku dk D;k laca/ g,` Pkaps dks ge c,Ok nsrs gT4 vius ij] fGj ml Pkaps eX ge
Gal tkrs gT] D;kXfd ftuls geus Pkapk lh[k] cu ds fyS og d,n Fh4 muds Hh
rj ls dqN vk;k Fk] tks ckgj G,y x;k4 ckgj dk Pkapk ge vks\P ysrs gT] fGj
Gal tkrs gT4 blfyS vkerk,j ls ozr miokl djus okys fcydqy ejs gqS] FLZ xzs
L ds vkneh yxrs gT4 Pkapk Mij ls vks\Pus okys fcydqy dkcZu dkih gks tkrs gT
4
Sd dgkuh eq>s ¬ej< vkrh g,4 Sd ?j eX Sd ifr Fd dj vius vkfGl ls
yk,Ik Fk vk,j viuh i®uh dks ikuh ykus ds fyS dgk4 mrus gh {< eX Fdus ds
dkj< og lks x;k4 lqcg tc mldh uCn [qyh] rks ikl [\Lh i®uh dks ns[dj
g,jku gks x;k4 mlus iwNk] ikxy] rw ;g D;k dj jgh g,` rqe ;gka fdlfyS [\
Lh gks` og rks Hwy gh x;k Fk fd mlus ikuh eaxok;k Fk4 mlus dgk] vki Hw

’kwU; lekf/k
y xS` ;kn fd;k Fk ikuh ds fyS] eT ysus x;h] rc rd vki lks xS4 fGj eT
us lkspk irk ugC dc uCn [qysxh] dc ikuh dh tWjr i\L tkS4 rks eT [\Lh j
gh4 tc tWjr gks eT ikuh nsdj lks tkMa4 fGj uCn ugC [qyh rks` blhfyS eT
Qdh jgh4
ifr us dgk] rw d,lh ikxy g,2 ysfdu ;g ckr xkao Hj eX G,y x;h3jktk ds d
ku rd igqap x;h4 jktk 'ke dks feyus vk;k4 mlus dgk] ml ¬_h dk eT n'Zu
djuk pkgrk gwa] tks jkr Hj [\Lh jgh4 D;kXfd ßlh f¬_;ka rks g, tks ifr dks j
kr ij [\Lk j[X] ysfdu D;k ßlh f¬_;ka Hh g,] tks [qn jkr Hj [\Lh jgX` ;g
¬_h dk,u g,` eT n'Zu djus vk;k gwa4 jktk tc n'Zu dj us vk;k] rks iwjk xkao
vk x;k4 fdlh us Gwy p\Pk;k] fdlhus HXI nh] jktk Sd cgqew¥; ghjkX dk gkj ns
x;k vk,j mlus dgk] vxj ßlk izse vej g,] rks dqN vk'k curh g,4
i\Lksl dh ¬_h dks vkx yx x;h4 i\Lksl dh ¬_h dks dqN dke gh ugC g,] flok;
vkx yx tkus dks4 i\Lksl dh ¬_h us dgk] bleX ckr gh D;k c\Lh g,` i\Lksl dh
ml ¬_h us vius ifr ls dgk] bleX g, gh D;k` Sd jkr D;k] ge nl jkr [\
Lh jgX vk,j vki ÷;ku j[X4 'ke dks tc vkvks] rks tjk nsj ls vkuk] Fds ekans
vkuk4 vkrs gh fc¬rj ij ysI tkuk] Sdne ls dg nsuk fd cgqr î;kl yxh g,4
tc ikuh ysdj vkMa rks ÷;ku j[X vka[ can djds lks tkuk4 eT jkr Hj [\Lh j
gwa] fGj lqcg vGokg G,yk nXxs4 vk,j tc bruh lh ckr ij bruk cgqew¥; gkj
fey x;k] rks ge D;kX pwds`
ifr t,ls lk/kj<rA vkKkdkjh gksrs g,] ;g ifr Hh vkKkdkjh Fk4 mlus vkKk
ekuh4 lka> dks Fdk ekank yk,Ik4 Fdk ekank rks ugC Fk] ysfdu Fdk3ekank izdI
fd;k ckgj ls4 ßlk vkpj< fd;k] Sdne ?j vkdj æokl tksj ls ysus yxk]
fc¬rj ij ysI x;k] vk,j dgk c\Lh tksj dh î;kl yxh g,2 î;kl dk dksB irk u
gC Fk4
i®uh us dgk] Qdks2 eT vHh ikuh ys vkrh gwa4
i®uh Hhrj x;h] ikuh Hj dj yk;h4 vHh uCn ifr dk vk ugC jgh Fh] ij
vka[ can djds lks tkuk i\Lk4 fjpqvy] f∂;k7dkaL ftldks dgrs gT4 vka[ can d
jds ifr lks x;k4 i®uh Fks\Lk nwj [\Lh jgh] fGj mlus dgk] jkr Hj ns[us oky
k Hh dk,u g,` lqcg7lqcg fGj [\Lh gks tkMaxh] vGokg gh rks m\Lkuh g,4 rks Oh
d gh lkspk4
tks fnekx fjpqvy g, og pkykdh dj jgk g,] /ks[k ns jgk g,2 og ;gh lkspsxk]
Ohd g,] tc bruk /ks[k fn;k tk jgk g,] fd î;kl u yxh gks rks î;kl yx tk
S] Fdk u gks rks vkneh Fdk gks tkS] uCn u vkS rks uCn yx tkS rks ml i
®uh us lkspk3tc bruh gh cl py jgk g, rks eT D;kX jkr Hj [\Lh jgwa` fxyk
l j[ dj og lks x;h4 mlus lkspk] lqcg t¥nh mO dj okil [\Lh gks tkMaxh]
eksg¥ys eX [cj dj nwaxh4 lqcg gqB] ifr us tkx dj ns[k] mldh i®uh [\Lh u

’kwU; lekf/k
gC g,4 og cspkjk okil vka[ can dj ysrk] D;kXfd fu;e] ;e fu;e dk og ik

yu dj jgk g,4 vkf[j c\Lh nsj gksus yxh4 /wi Mij vk x;h] rc i®uh dks ml
us mOk;k4 i\Lksl eX tkdj vGokg Hh mlus m\Lok nh4 ysfdu lezkI ugC vk;k4
xkao ls dksB ugC vk;k4 rc rks ¬_h cgqr ∂ks/ ls Hj x;h4 lka> dks og lezkI
ds }kj ij igqap x;h4 rc mlus ∂ks/ ls Hj x;h4 lka> dks og lezkI ds }kj i
j igqap x;h4 rc mlus dgk] vü;k; gks jgk g,4 tc Sd dk ßlk léeku gks vk,
j ogh dke ge djX rks gekjk léeku u gks] rks vki d,ls lezkI gT` lezkI us
dgk] ikxy2 mlus léeku ds fyS ugC fd;k Fk] gks x;k Fk4 rwus léeku ds fy
S gh fd;k] blfyS lc >wOk gks x;k vk,j og esjs }kj ugC vk;h Fh4 rw rtks
esjs }kj ij gh vk x;h4
egkohj dks] cq0 dks] ∂kb¬I dks] fdlh dks Hh gqvk g,4 os lekf/ eX Lwcs gT3vVg
lk gqB g,] izse gqvk g,] Îik gqB g,] ;g mudk iz;kl ugC g,4 vk,j ge` ge lk
/ jgs gT vVglk] lk/ jgs gT3c,O gT] lqcg ;s p[kZ dkr jgs gT] vVglk lk/ jgs
gT vc2
laf/ gqB vVglk c\Lh [rjukd gksrh g,] D;kXfd l/h gqB vVglk dk eryc g, >w
Oh vVglk4 thou eX tks Hh eg®oiw<Z g,] og g,iVux dh rjg gksrk g,4 mls vki
lk/ ugC ldrs4 rks ;g tks eTus dgk] eT ugC dgrk gwa fd vki igys vVgld
gks vk,j fGj lekf/ eX tk ldrs gks4 eT ugC dgrk igys cz‰p;Z lk/s] fGj lek
f/ l/sxh4 gka2 bruk eT tWj dgrk gwa fd lekf/ eX LwcX4 vk,j lekf/ dksB lk/
us dh ckr ugC g,4 mldh rjG vka[ Hj mO tkS4 og ek,twn gh g,4 gekjh lai
nk gh g,4 mldh rjG vka[ mO tkS rks vki ikSaxs] cz‰p;Z Gfyr gqvk g,4 vk
i ikSaxs fd vifjxzg vk x;k g,4 budks ykuk ugC i\Lsxk4 vk,j cz‰p;Z vkrk g,]
rc lsDl ls fcydqy laca/ ugC jgrk] rHh rks og funk∆" Gfyr gksrk g,4
vVgld er gksuk] exj vVgld gksuk gks] cz‰pkjh er cuuk vxj cz‰p;Z dks
vkus nsrk gks4 viuh ps‘Ik ls er Fksiuk4 lekf/ eX Lwcs mls ykus ds fyS] vk,j
dqN Hh u djX4
ozr fu;e ds i{ eX eT ugC gwa4 Ohd Okd foi{ eX gwa4 Hwy ls Hh ozr er lk/u
k] vü;Fk thou eX tks lgt vk ldrk g,] og Hh u vk ldsxk4
lk/X dqN ugC] flGZ le> yX4 og le> Hh ßlh gks fd psruk mrj tkS vk,j
vkidk fujarj tkxj< cu tkS4 dqN djX ugC4 cl og izdI gks tkSxk4 og rks
g, gh2 ;g gksuk gh lk/uk vk,j lekf/ cu tkS4
esjh ckrkX dks bruh 'kafr vk,j izse ls lquk] blds fyS vuqx1ghr gwa4 vk,j var eX
lcds vanj c,Os gqS ijek®ek dks iz<ke djrk gwa4 esjs iz<ke ¬ohdkj djX4
thou eX vgksHko

’kwU; lekf/k
eT Sd uS curs gqS eafnj ds iklwj ls fudy jgk Fk4 eafnj dh nhokyX cu x;h
FC4 f'[j fu√er gks jgk Fk4 l,d\LkX etnwj i®Fj rks\Lus eX yxs Fs4 eTus i®Fj
rks\Lrs Sd etnwj ls iwNk] fe_ D;k dj jgs gks` ml etnwj us cgqr xq¬ls ls eq
>s ns[k vk,j dgk] D;k vkids ikl vka[X ugC gT` D;k vkidks fn[kB ugC i\Lrk
fd eT i®Fj rks\L jgk gwa4 dksB ∂ks/ gksxk mlds eu eX] dksB fujk'k gksxh4 vk,j]
i®Fj rks\Luk dksB vkuan dk dke Hh ugC gks ldrk4
eT ml etnwj dks Nks\Ldj vkxs c\P x;k vk,j nwljs etnwj ls iwNk4 og Hh i®Fj
rks\L jgk Fk4 fe_ D;k dj jgs gks` ml etnwj us ∂ks/ ls rks ugC] ysfdu v®
;ar mnklh iwoZd esjh rjG ns[k vk,j dgk] vkthfodk dek jgk gwa] cπpkX ds fy
S jksIh dek jgk gwa4 D;k vkidks fn[kB ugC i\Lrk` og Hh i®Fj rks\L jgk Fk6
ysfdu mlus dgk cπpkX ds fyS jksIh dek jgk gwa4 fuVæpr gh dsoy jksIh dek
uk cgqr vkuan dh ckr ugC gks ldrh4 mnkl Fk vk,j nq[h Fk] ysfdu fGj Hh
i®Fj rks\Lus okys igys etnwj ls fHU Fh mldh n'k ∂ksf/r ugC Fk4
eT vk,j vkxs c\Pk vk,j Sd rhljs i®Fj rks\Lus okys ls iwNk] fe_ D;k dj jgs gks
` og dksB xhr xquxquk jgk Fk4 mlus vka[X Mij mOkB4 mldh vka[kX eX fdlh
vkuan dh >yd Fh4 mlus dgk] ns[rs ugC g, vki] Hxoku dk eafnj cuk jgk
gwa` og Hh i®Fj rks\L jgk Fk4
os rhukX i®Fj rks\L jgs Fs3Sd ∂ks/ ls Hjk Fk] Sd mnklh ls vk,j Sd vkuan
ls4 os rhukX Sd gh dke dj jgs Fs4 ysfdu tks i®Fj rks\L jgk Fk] og ∂ks/ ls
Hjsxk gh6 D;kXfd thou rks i®Fj rks\Lus ds fyS ugC g,2 vk,j ftudk thou i®F
j rks\Lus eX gh u‘I gks tkrk g,] os v®;ar ∂ksf/r gks mOrs gkX] rks vkæp;Z ugC4
nwljk ø;fDr ∂ksf/r rks ugC Fk] ysfdu mnkl Fk4 D;kXfd Vtnxh jksIh dekus eX
gh ø;rhr gks tkS] rks mnklh ds vfrfjDr vk,j dqN gkF ugC yx ldrk4 vk,
j os yksx vHkxs gT] tks jksIh dekus eX gh viuk thou u‘I djrs gT4 ysfdu rh
ljk ø;fDr Hxoku dk eafnj cukuk Sd vkuan g,4 vk,j /ü; gT os yksx tks tho
u eX Hxoku dk eafnj cukus eX leFZ gks tkrs gT4 bu rhu fnukX eX] ge Hxoku
dk eafnj cukus okys d,ls cu ldrs gT] bl laca/ eX gh Fks\Lh ckr vkils dWaxk
4
vkt dh igyh ppkZ eX ;g ckrX c\Ls nq[ ls eq>s dguh i\Lrh g, fd i1ƒoh ij vf
/dre yksx ;k rks i®Fj rks\Lrs gT ;k †;knk ls †;knk jksIh dekrs gT4 eqfædy ls
dksB lk,Hk≈;'kyh dHh Hxoku dk eafnj cukus eX lay≈u gks ikrk g,4 blhfyS
rks bruk nq[ g,] bruh mnklh g,2 bruk ∂ks/] bruk Ì¬I≠s'u] bruk fo"kn g,4
ysfdu euq‘; D;kX thou dks Hxoku dk eafnj ugC cuk ikrk g,` D;k dkj< g,
fd thou Sd vkuan ugC gks ikrk` thou Sd u1®; ugC cu ikrk` thou dh
oh<k ij laxhr i,nk ugC gks ikrk` thou Sd nq[ Hjh jkr D;kX g,` thou ds
izdk' ls Hjk gqvk fnol D;kX ugC g,` thou dkaIkX dk ekxZ gh D;kX g,` og Gw

’kwU; lekf/k
ykX dh cfx;k ls xqtj tkuk D;kX ugC g,` thou nq[ vk,j vkalw gh D;kX gks` Sd
vkuan vk,j Sd eq¬dqjkgI D;kX ugC g,` dksB cqfu;knh dkj< gksxk2 vk,j ml dk
j< eX 'k;n Sd ø;fDr dk loky ugC g,] iwjh euq‘; tkfr dk loky g,4 fdlh
Sd ø;fDr dh Hwy ugC4 t,ls iwjh euq‘; tkfr dksB cqfu;knh Hwy dj jgh g,4
ml igyh Hwy ij gh eq>s vkt ckr dguh g,4
og igyh Hwy ;g g,3vkt rd euq‘; tkfr ds bfrgkl eX] euq‘; ds vxqok vk,
j usrk gksus okys yksx] chekj vk,j Q≈< jgs4 euq‘; tkfr dks vc rd ¬o¬F ef¬
r‘d dk usr1®o ugC fey ldk g,4 euq‘; dks mu yksxkX us usr1®o fn;k g, tks vi
us Hhrj nq[h] Q≈<] v¬o¬F vk,j fof{îr Fs4 ¬o¬F ø;fDr®o dk usr1®o euq‘; t
kfr dks ugC miyç/ gks ldk4 Q≈< yksxkX us thou ds iwjs dqSa dks fo"kDr dj f
n;k g,4 os ¬o;a thou eX ftl vkuan dks ugC ik lds] viuh vleFZrk dks mügkX
us thou dh gh Hwy le>uk 'qW dj fn;k4
ml ykse\Lh dh dFk lcus i\Ph g,] tks vaxwj ds xwπNkX dks rks\Lus eX lay≈u Fh4 cgq
r mNyh vk,j dwnh] iwjh 'fDr yxk;h4 vaxwj ds xqπNs rks u ik ldh] ysfdu cgq
r xfjek vk,j xk,jo ls] cgqr fLf≈uIh ls okil yk,I x;h vk,j jkg eX tks yksx f
eys] mlus dgk] eq>s D;k irk Fk fd vaxwj [Ès gT4 eTus lkspk Fk] vaxwj id xS
gT] ysfdu fudI tkdj irk pyk fd vaxwj [Ès gT4 mügX rks\Lus eX dksB lkj ugC
4
euq‘; tkfr dks Hh ßls yksxkX us usr1®o fn;k g,] ftügX thou ds vaxwj miyç/ u
gC gks lds vk,j mügkXus dgk3lkjk thou [Èk g,4 vü;Fk ge rks\Lus gh ugC tk
rs4 lpkB nwljh Fh4 thou ds jl ls Hjs Gy os miyç/ ugC dj lds4 ysfdu b
l ckr dks ¬ohdkj djuk fd thou ds Gy eq>s miyç/ ugC gks lds gT] blls
vgadkj dks c\Lh pksI yxrh g,4 blhfyS nwljk mik; vklku g, fd thou vlkj
g, vk,j ø;FZ g,4 vkt rd euq‘; ds eu dks thou dh vlkjrk dh f'{k us gh f
o"kDr cuk;k g,4 tehu ij cgqr c\Lk fo" G,ykus okys yksx i,nk gqS gT4 thou
ds lkjs dqvkX eX tgj ?ksy fn;k x;k g,4 ;gh le>k;k tkrk jgk g, vkt rd f
d thou ø;FZ g,] thou nq[ g,4 thou eX djus t,lh Sd gh pht g, vk,j og g,
thou ls NwI tkuk4 vkokxeu ls eqDr gks tkuk4
>wOh gT ;s ckrX vk,j budk dksB vFZ ugC4 thou dks Nks\L nsus dh ckrX] thou d
ks ø;FZ dgus dh ckrX] thou dks cqjk crkus dh ckrX] euq‘; ds eu eX xgjh c,Ok
nh x;h gT4 vk,j ßlk fpR izkjaH ls gh bl thou dks nq[ eku ysrk gks] vxj
thou eX vkuan ik lds] rks ftéesokj dk,u g,` ge lc thou eX nq[ ls Hjs gqS
gT4 ;g thou dk nq[ ugC g,4 ;g thou dks ns[us dk gekjk xyr n1f‘Idks< g,]
ftlus thou dks nq[ ls Hj fn;k g,4 thou cqjk ugC g,] gekjk eu fo"kDr g,]
gekjs eu Q≈< gT4 thou eX dkaIs gh dkaIs ugC gT] vk,j thou ßlk g, fd mls N
ks\L nsuk gh] mlls eqDr gks tkuk gh] mlls Hkx tkuk gh Sd ek_ y”; gks4

’kwU; lekf/k
ugC2 ßlk crkus okys yksxkX us euq‘; tkfr ds eu dks va/dkjiw<Z dj fn;k g,4
;s gh yksx] ftügkXus euq‘; ds thou dh Vunk dh g,] thou vuqHo djus dh {e
rk de fd;k g,4 ik_rk dks de djus okys yksx Hh gT] ysfdu budh f'{k dk
izHko jgk g,4thou fojks/h f'{kvkX ds izHko us gh euq‘; dh ;g foÎr n'k d
j nh g,4
Sd ppZ eX Sd lqcg3ml ppZ ds /eZxqQ us lquus okys yksxkX ls dgk4 gks ldr
k g,] vki Hh ogka ek,twn jgs gks] 'k;n vkius ;g ckr lquh Hh gks4 ml /eZxqQ
us ;g dgk fd esjs fe_ks] vkieX ls fdrus yksx ¬oxZ tkuk pkgrs gT` tks ¬oxZ t
kuk pkgrs gT] vius gkF Mij mOkS4 /eZxqQ us lkspk Fk] lHh yksx gkF mOk nX
xs4 djhc7djhc lHh yksxkX us gkF Mij mOkS Fs4 ysfdu lkeus c,Ok gqvk Sd ø
;fDr gkF uhp gh fd jgk4 lHh ¬oxZ tkuk pkgrs Fs4 /eZxqQ cgqr vkæp;Z gqvk
3D;k ßlk Hh dksB gks ldrk g,] tks udZ eX tkuk pkgrk g,2 fGj mlus dgk fd
vc vki vius gkF uhps dj yX vk,j vc eT iwNrk gwa fd tks udZ tkuk pkgrs
gT] os vius gkF Mij mOkS4 Sd Hh vkneh us gkF ugC mOk;k4 ml vkneh us
Hh ugC4 ftlus ¬oxZ tkus ds fyS gkF ugC mOk;k Fk4 /eZxqQ g,jku gqvk4 mlus
dgk] esjs HkB] rqeus u rks ¬oxZ tkus ds fyS gkF mOk;k] u udZ tkus ds fyS
2 rqe dgka tkuk pkgrs gks` ml vkneh us dgk] eT ;gh jguk pkgrk gwa] thou
eX2 vk,j eT thou eX gh ¬oxZ cukuk pkgrk gwa4 u eT ¬oxZ tkuk pkgrk gwa] u eT
udZ eX tkuk pkgrk gwa6 D;kXfd tks ¬oxZ tkuk pkgrs gT] mügkXus bl i1ƒoh dks u
dZ cuk fn;k g,] D;kXfd mudh vka[X fdlh dk¥ifud ¬oxZ eX yxh gqB gT4 vk,j ok
¬rfod i1ƒoh misf{r i\Lh jg x;h g,4
tks yksx thou dks Nks\L nsuk pkgrs gT] thou dh fdlh Hwy ds dkj< ugC3viu
h fdlh Q≈<rk] viuh fdlh chekjh ds dkj< thou dk] thou ds jl dk tho
u ds vkuan dk miHksx u djus dh {erk ds dkj<3os yksx thou dks udZ cuk
us eX lg;ksxh gT4
rks ml vkneh us dgk] ftrus yksxkX us gkF Mij mOkS gT ¬oxZ tkus ds fyS] bü
gC yksxkX us i1ƒoh dks udZ cuk j[k g,4 eT u ¬oxZ tkuk pkgrk gwa] u udZ tkuk
pkgrk gwa4 eT bl i1ƒoh dks gh ¬oxZ cukuk pkgrk gwa4
vkt rd euq‘; dks i1ƒoh dks ¬oxZ cukus dh f'{k ugC nh x;h g,] blfyS udZ
cu x;h g,4 gekjk thou udZ cu x;k g,4
vk,j eT vkils ;g fuosnu dj nwa tks bl thou ds ¬oxZ eX ugC gks ldrs] muds f
yS dksB ¬oxZ] dgC Hh ugC g, vk,j u gks ldrk g,4 vk,j tks yksx bl thou dks
¬oxZ eX ifjo√rr dj ldrs gT] muds fyS bl txr eX] fdlh yksd eX udZ ug
C g,4 os tgka Hh gkXxs] tgka Hh mudk thou gksxk] os ¬oxZ eX gksus dh dyk eX fu
‘<kr gks xS gkXxs4

’kwU; lekf/k
thou Sd volj g,3mls tks ¬oxZ cuk ysrk g,] og vkus okys thou ds ¬oxZ dh
cqfu;kn j[ nsrk g, vk,j tks blh thou dks udZ cuk ysrk g,] og vkxs udZ dh
;k_k 'qW dj nsrk g,4 geus gh i1ƒoh dks udZ cuk;k g,4
'k;n esjh ckr cgqr dOksj ekywe i\Ls4 ysfdu mügC yksxkX us cuk;k g, vk,j et
nwjh g,] l®; dguk gh i\Lsxk] mügC yksxkX us] ftu yksxkX us] i1ƒoh ds fojks/ eX]
thou ds fojks/ eX f'{kSa nh gT4
thou dl fu"s/ vk,j ykbG fuxs'al fl[k;k x;k g,] ;gh le>k;k x;k g,4 cqjk
g, thou] nq[ g, thou] ih\Lk g, thou] ca/u g, thou4 fiNys tüekX dk] nq‘de
k˜ dk Gy g, thou4 tc thou ßlk gks rks fGj thou ds vkuan dk eafnj d,ls c
uk;k tk ldrk g,` rc rks Sd gh dke g, gekjs gkF eX rks\L nX bl eafnj dks]
fxjk ns bldh nhokykX dks] vkx yxk nX bleX] vk,j fdlh dk¥ifud eks{ dh r
yk' djX] [kst djX4
;g eT igyh ckr vkils dguk pkgrk gwa thou ∂kafr dh fn'k eX4 thou ds l1t
u eX igyh ckj g, thou ds izfr vgksHko4 thou ds izfr /ü;rk dk cks/] thou
ds izfr vkuan dh /kj<k] thou ds lkTn;Z vk,j thou ds jl ds izfr vuqxzg] xzs
IhI;L4 thou ds '_q tks gT] mügX thou ls dqN Hh ugC feysxk4 '_qrk ls dHh
fdlh dks dqN Hh ugC feyk g,4
thou viuh fuf/;kX ds }kj dsoy muds fyS gh [ksyrk g,] tks thou ds fe_ g,
] tks izse ls thou ds }kj ij n¬rd nsrs gT] tks izse ls thou dks vkVyxu djus
ds fyS r®ij gksrs gT] tks izse ls thou ds }kj ij izkFZuk djrs gT] tks izse ls
thou dks iqdkjrs gT vk,j cqykrs gT4 vk,j ftuds Ôn; eX] thou ds fojks/ eX dks
B dkaIk ugC gksrk g,4 thou ds laxhr ds fyS GwykX dh ekykSa gksrh gT] dsoy m
uds fyS gh thou Sd eafnj cuk ikrk g,4 vü;Fk rks thou i®Fj rks\Lus ls †;
knk ugC gks ldrk g,4 thou dk fu"s/ /krd fl0 gqvk g,] îok;tul3tgjhyk
fl0 gqvk g,4 ysfdu /ek˜ ds uke ij thou dk fu"s/ gh izpfyr gks jgk g,4 g
e mlh vkneh dks /k√ed dgrs gT] tks thou dks ftruk rks\L ns] vk,j thou ls
ftruk nwj Hkx tkS4 tks thou dk ftruk '_q gks] thou dk ftruk daLeus'
u] ftruh Vunk dj lds] thou dks ftruk Îf®lr] thou dks ftruk cqjk fl0
dj lds] thou dks ftruh xkyh ns lds] og vkneh mruk gh c\Lk /k√ed izrh
r gksrk g,4
;gh yksx gT v/k√ed4 ;gh yksx gT] ftügkXus thou dks /k√ed gksus ls oafpr dj
j[k g,4 ysfdu budk izHko jgk g, thou ij vk,j vkt rd euq‘; tkfr budh
gh va/sjh Nk;k ds uhps iryh jgh g,4 ftügX geus ekxZn'Zu le>k;k g,] os gh
bu ekxk˜ dks Hz‘I djus okys yksx gT4 budh rjdhc D;k jgh g,` bügkXus fdl H
kafr thou dks cqjk vk,j Vufnr dj fn;k g,` bügkXus thou dks fdl Hkafr fodkj
xz¬r fl0 dj fn;k` bügkXus fdl Hkafr euq‘; ds eu eX thou vk,j vkokxeu

’kwU; lekf/k
ls NwIus dk Hko i,nk dj fn;k` budh rjdhc D;k g,` budh Isduhd D;k g,`
bügkXus fdl fof/ dk mi;ksx fd;k g,] ftlls thou ds lc dqSa fo"kDr gks xS
`
c\Lh vnHqr rjdhc g,4 'k;n vkids [;ky eX Hh u vk;h gks4 budh rjdhc g,
ßusfyfll] budh rjdhc g, foæys"<4 bls le>uk cgqr tWjh g,] D;kXfd bls
le> yX] rks thou d,ls u‘I fd;k x;k g,] ;g gekjh le> eX u vk tkSxk4
eT Sd tyizikr ns[us x;k4 Sd c\Lh lqanj je<h; igk\Lh ls unh fxjrh Fh4 m
ldh eeZj ÷ofu] mlds ikl [\Ls gqS o1{kX dk vkuan] ml unh dh rhozrk vk,j os
x] lc vnHqr Fs vk,j izk<kX ds fdlh vutkus ry dks Nw ysrs Fs4 Sd fe_ ds l
kF x;k Fk4 ge nksukX xk\Lh ls mrj dj igk\LkX eX izos' djus yxs] rks eTus vius
fe_ ls dgk fd vki vius L≠kboj dks Hh cqyk yX] og Hh ns[ ysxk4 eTus ml
L≠kboj ls dgk fd rqe Hh vk tkvks4 mlus dgk] ogka D;k j[k gqvk g,4 igk\Lh
vk,j ikuh3vk,j dqN Hh ugC2 ogka g, D;k` ogka g, D;k igk\L vk,j ikuh ds flok
;` vk,j eq>s g,jkuh gksrh g, fd yksx l,d\LkX ehy ls pydj ns[us vkrs gT4 dqN
i®Fj i\Ls gT lkgc4 dqN ikuh fxjrk g,4 vk,j dqN Hh ugC g,4 eTus vius fe_ ls
dgk fd rqégkjk L≠kboj /eZxqQ cuus ds yk;d g,4 mls foæys"< dh] mls] Susys
fll dh dyk dk irk g,4 mlus tyizikr ds ml lkTn;Z dks] nks NksIh lh phtkX
eX rks\Ldj ¬i‘I dj fn;k g,4 i®Fj i\Ls gT vk,j ogka vk,j ikuh g, ogka4 vk,j D;k
g,` ckr [®e gks x;h] dqN Hh ugC g, ogka4
Sd cgqr c\Ls fp_dkj fidklks ls Sd vejhdh djks\Lifr us viuk fp_ cuok;k
Fk4 cgqr c\Lk /uifr Fk og4 mlus ugC le>k fd fidklks ls i,ls Ogjk ys fd
D;k yksxs4 lksprk Fk fd fdrus Hh ysxk4 nks cjl yx xS fp_ cuus eX4 ckj7
ckj mlus dqvkX4 fidklks us dgk fd nsj g,4 fGj nks cjl ckn mlus dgk fd fp
_ cu x;k g,4 vki ys tkS4
og djks\Lifr fp_ ysus vk;k4 fp_ ysdj mlus dgk] fdrus QiS gqS` fidklks
us dgk] ipkl gtkj Lkyj4 le>k ml djks\Lifr us etkd fd;k tk jgk g,4 m
lus dgk] ikxy rks ugC gT vki` etkd djrs gT` Ljokuk pkgrs gT` bl NksIs
ls fp_ ds ipkl gtkj Lkyj` NksIk lk d,uokl dk Iqd\Lk vk,j Fks\Ls ls jax] nl
ikap QiS ds gT4 g, D;k bleX ` Fks\Ls ls jax gT vk,j Fks\Lk lk d,uokl dk Iqd\Lk
g, vk,j g, D;k bleX` fidklks us dgk] fp_ j[ nX4 eT Sd d,uokl dk Iqd\Lk
vk,j Fks\Ls jax vkidks fnS nsrk gwa4 vk,j mlus vius lg;ksxh ls dgk] rqe tkvks
vk,j blls Hh c\Lk d,uokl dk Iqd\Lk ys vkvks4 vk,j jax dh lkfcr fLfc;k ys v
kvks vk,j HXI dj nks mudks4 vk,j fGj tks Hh nke nsuk gks ns nX4 ml djks\Lifr
us dgk] ysfdu d,uokl vk,j jax dks ysdj eT D;k dWaxk` fidklks us dgk] fGj
Hwy djrs gT vki4 ;g fp_ g, d,uokl vk,j jax ugC4 d,uokl vk,j jax ls dksB
vk,j pht izdI gqB4 ysfdu dksB pkgs rks dg ldrk g,] fd lqanj fp_ eX D;k g,

’kwU; lekf/k
` Fks\Lk lk jax g, vk,j D;k g,` ;g foæys"<] thou dh lc phtkX dks iwNrk g,]
vk,j D;k g,`
Sd lqanj psgjs ij /eZxqQ iwNrk g,3g, D;k bleX` gfÒ;ka vk,j ekal ds flok;4
vkneh dks 'jhj eX D;k g,` ihc g,] e†tk g,] [wu g,] gfÒ;ka gT vk,j D;k g,`
;g Susfyfll vk,j g, D;k` Gwy eX D;k g,` dqN Hh rks ugC g,4 dqN Fks\Ls ls dsf
ed¥l GyksjksGhy2 vk,j D;k` Sd Gwy ds lkTn;Z dh rkjhG ij /eZxqQ dgsxk]
g, D;k bleX` Fks\Ls ls jax gT] Fks\Ls ls jlk;u g, D;k` Sd dfork dks /eZxqQ ds
lkeus j[X] Sd dkø; dks4 og dgsxk] g, D;k` dqN 'çnkX dk tks\L g, vk,j dqN
Hh ugC4 vxj thou dks ge bl Hkafr ns[uk 'qW djX rks tWj vlj gks tkSxk
4 ik;k tkSxk fd thou eX dqN Hh ugC g,4
rhu gtkj o"kZ ls Susfyfll us] foæys"< us vkneh dks c\Ls /ks[s eX cgqr bywtu
eX Lkyk g,4 gj pht dks rks\Ldj ns[k tk ldrk g,] vk,j dqN Hh ugC ik;k tk
Sxk4 Sd Vtnk vkneh dks ge dkI LkyX vk,j [kstX D;k g, bleX] rks gfÒ;ka fe
ysxh] ekal feysxk] vkneh dgh Hh ugC feysxk4 Sd ew√r dks dkI ihI LkyX rks
i®Fj ds Iqd\Ls feyXxs4 dksB lkTn;Z dh izfrek ugC feysxh4 Sd dfork dks rks\L
LkyX] rks 'çn feyXxs] dksB dkø; ugC feysxk] dksB iksSI≠h ugC feysxh4 Sd lqan
j psgjs dks dkI ihI LkyX rks D;k feysxk Hhrj` ;g] phtkX dks [aL7[aL Iqd\LkX
eX rks\Lus dh dyk eX] lkjs thou dk vlkj fl0 djus dh rjdhc] /eZxqQvkX
ds gkFkX eX ns nh x;h Fh4 fdlh Hh pht dks rks\L Gks\L LkyX] vk,j iwNX D;k g, b
leX` izse eX D;k g,` lkTn;Z eX D;k g,` ¬okn eX D;k g,` jl eX D;k g,` fdlh
Hh pht eX dqN ugC g,] vxj foæys"< fd;k tkS4 ckr vly ;g g, fd foæys"
< eX dsoy 'w– gh gkF yxrk g,4 tks lw”e g,] og foyhu gks tkrk g,4 mldk d
ksB n'Zu ugC gks ikrk4 foæys"< djus eX] Susysfll djus eX] tks ø;FZ g, og gk
F yxrk g,] tks lkFZd g, og frjksfgr gks tkrk g, vk,j rc ge dg ldrs gT3d
ksB lkj ugC2 thou D;k g,` tüe ysuk jksIh dekuk] cπps i,nk djuk vk,j fGj
ej tkuk4 vk,j thou D;k g,` foæys"< iwjk gks x;k vk,j thou eX dqN Hh gkF
ugC yxk3rks thou g, vlkj4
fGj ;gh rjdhc tks /eZxqQvkX dh Fh] o,KkfudkX ds gkF yx x;h D;kXfd rhu g
tkj o"kZ eX /eZxqQvkX us foæys"< eX] Susysfll eX] vkneh dks nhf{r dj fn;k4
fGj foKku dk tüe gqvk] rks mlds gkF eX Susysfll dh rjdhc yx x;h4 rks
mlus dgk] dgka g, vk®ek vkneh eX` ge rks dkI ihI dj ns[rs gT] dgC ugC
feyrh2 vk®ek ugC g,4 /eZxqQ us dgk Fk] lalkj vlkj g,4 o,KkfudkX us dgk v
k®ek Hh vlkj g,4 D;kXfd mldk Hh foæys"< djrs gT rks ik;h ugC tkrh [kst
chu djrs gT] phtX rks\Lrs gT] dqN Hh ugC feyrk g,4 /eZxqQvkX dks irk ugC Fk]
fd ftl rks\Lus dh rjdhc ls os thou dks vlkj dj jgs gT] mlh rjdhc ls S

’kwU; lekf/k
d fnu /eZ Hh vlkj gks tkSxk4 dksB vk®ek ugC] D;kXfd rks\Lus ls mldk irk
ugC pyrk g,4
Sd laxhrK Fk4 mlus viuh oh<k ij Sd lqanj xhr xk;k4 Sd o,Kkfud Hh o
gka c,Ok lqurk jgk4 mlus lkspk] tWj oh<k eX dksB ckr gksuh pkfgS4 jkr tc
og laxhrK lks x;k] rks og o,Kkfud ?j eX ?ql x;k4 mlus iwjh oh<k rks\L dj
ns[ Lkyh] rkj rkj dj Lkyk] Iqd\Ls7Iqd\Ls dj Lkys4 gkF eX dqN rkj yxs] dq
N Iqd\Ls yxs yd\Lh ds dksB laxhr id\L eX ugC vk;k4 mlus dgk] lc vlkj g,4
ekywe gksrk g, /ks[k Fk laxhr4 laxhr Fk ugC] eq>s /ks[k fn;k x;k g,4 oh<k
dks iwjh rjg [kst yX] dgC dksB laxhr feyrk ugC4
thou dk l®;] Susysfll ls miyç/ ugC gksrk4 thou dk l®; VlFsfll ls mi
yç/ gksrk g,4 thou dk l®; foæys"< ls ugC gksyusl eX] ifjiw<Zrk eX g,4 lkTn;Z
Hh ifjiw<Zrk eX g,4 l®; Hh] thou Hh] vkuan Hh4 tks yksx [aLkX eX rks\Lrs gT]
os oafpr gks tkrs g,4
ysfdu ml oafpr jg tkus dks os thou ij Fksi nsrs gT] fd thou eX dqN Hh u
gC g,4 vk,j tc thou eX dqN Hh ugC] rks Nks\Lks bl thou dks] Hkxks bl thou
ls] ®;kxks bl thou dks fGj [kstks fdlh ijek®ek dks] [kstks fdlh eks{ dks]
tgka lc dqN gks4
ysfdu vxj ;s foæys"< djus okys ;s yksx fdlh fnu eks{ igqap xS3ßlk dHh
gqvk ugC vkt rd] fGj Hh vxj fdlh fnu eks{ igqap xS3rks ikSaxs fd eks{
Hh vlkj g,3ogka Hh dqN ugC g,4 D;kXfd eks{ eX os D;k ikSaxs` tks Hh feysxk
mudk foæys"< ;g fl0 dj nsxk fd ;gka Hh dqN ugC g,4
cI≠∆üL jlsy us Sd ckj ;g dgk fd eT lksprk gwa fd dgC eq>s eks{ fey x;k]
rks eks{ d,lk gksxk` u ogka 'kafr gksxh] u v'kar4 ogka u va/dkj gksxk] u izd
k'4 ogka izse gksxk] ?1<k4 ogka gksxk D;k`
vk,j eks{ ls yk,Ius dk dksB mik; ugC g,4 eks{ eX ßüI≠sul rks gksrk g,] SfDtI
ugC gksrh4 ogka Hhrj tk ldrs gT] ckgj vkus dk ek,dk ugC g,4 rks cI≠∆Lj jlsy
us dgk fd ogka djXxs D;k` ogka tks yksx igqap xS gT os vc rd cgqr ?cjk
xS gkXxs4 cgqr cksLZe i,nk gks x;h gksxh4 ogka djXxs D;k` ogka dksB vHko ugC]
dksB nq[ ugC] dksB ih\Lk ugC4 ogka dksB dkeuk ugC] dksB eg®okdka{k ugC4 og
ka yksx gT] gT vk,j cus jgXxs vuar dky rd4
cI≠∆üL jlsy us dgk] esjh rch;r cgqr ?cjkrh g, ßls eks{ eX4 blls rks udZ gh
csgrj] tgka dqN djus dks rks gksxk4 ;g eks{ dk foæys"< gks x;k4 jlsy us e
ks{ dk foæys"< dj fn;k4 ugC dqN ogka Hh fn[kB i\Lrk4
egkohj] cq0 /ks[s eX i\L xS yxrk g,4 'k;n os eks{ dk foæys"< ugC dj ik
S4 jlsy us eks{ dk foæys"< fd;k rks ik;k fd ogka Hh dqN ugC gks ldrk g,4
euq‘; foæys"< dh Nk;k eX c,Ork vk;k g,] vkt rd ;g eT igyk lw_ vki ls

’kwU; lekf/k
dguk pkgrk gwa3vxj thou dks Sd eafnj cukuk g,] rks thou dks Sd laæys"
< dh n1f‘I VlFsfId SfII;wL ls ns[us dh {erk i,nk djuh gks xhr foæys"< d
h n1f‘I ls ugC4 tc Hh ge phtkX dks rks\L nsrs gT rks ¬ej< jgs] phtX gksrh gT v
iuh iw<Zrk eX] vk,j dksB Hh pht [aLkX dk tks\L ugC gksrh g,4 [aLkX ds tks\L ls †
;knk gksrh g,4
Sd dfork 'çnkX dk tks\L ugC gksrh] 'çnkX ds tks\L ls dqN †;knk gksrh g,4 Sd f
p_ jaxkX dk tks\L gh ugC gksrk g,] jaxkX ds tks\Ls ls dqN †;knk gksrk g,4 laxhr ds
oy oh<k oknd dh maxfy;ka ugC gksrk] dqN vk,j Hh gksrk g,4 vk,j og pht g,]
ogh jg¬;iw<Z] ogh vn1æ;] ogh u fn[kB i\Lus okyk thou dk jl g,] thou
dk vkuan g,4 thou eX izHq g,] thou tks\L ls dqN †;knk g,4
xf<r eX tks\L nks rks vk,j nks pkj gksrs gT4 thou eX nks vk,j nks pkj ugC gksrs4
nks vk,j nks ds ckj pkj rks gks tkrs gT4 vk,j Sd uB pht i,nk gks tkrh g,] tks
nks vk,j nks eX gksrh gh ugC3tks muds feyus eX gksrh g,4
vxj eT fdlh ls izse djrk gwa] vk,j mlsvius Ôn; ls yxk ywaxk4 vk,j Sd o,Kkf
ud foæys"< djs fd nks vknfe;kX dh Nkrh dh tc gfÒ;ka feyrh gT rks vkuan
d,ls gksrk gksxk` rks gfÒ;kX ds feyus ls d,ls vkuan gks ldrk g,` d,ls izse gks l
drk g,` la?"Z ls fo?qr i,nk gks tkrh g, ;g gks ldrk g, fd gfÒ;kX dh xeñ S
d nwljs ls fey tkrh gks] ysfdu vkuan dk D;k laca/ g,` izse dk D;k laca/ g,`
rks vxj o,Kkfud fdlh vkVyxu dk foæys"< djsxk rks ikSxk fd ;g csodwGh
g,] SçlLZ g, fcydqy4 dqN ugC fey ldrk bleX dqN gks ugC ldrk4
ysfdu tks izse eX g, os tkurs gT fd vkVyxu eX gÒh gksrh gh ugC] 'jhj ek,twn
gh ugC jg ldrs4 tc dksB fdlh dks izse ls vius Ôn; ds fudI ykrk g,] rks
'jhj ek,twn gh ugC jg tkrs4 vuqif¬Fr gks tkrs gT4 dksB vk,j pht mif¬Fr gks
tkrh g,4 ftldk 'jhj ls dksB ok¬rk ugC4 fn[kB i\Lrk g, fd nks 'jhj fudI
vkS] ysfdu fudI dksB vk,j pht vkrh g,4 ysfdu 'jhj ds foæys"< ls vk®ek
dks ugC [kstk tk ldrk4 rks og >wOh gks tkrh g,] vl®; gks tkrh g,] vlkj
gks tkrh g,4
/eZ us ;g dke fd;k] igys ds lkjs thou rks vlkj djus ds fyS gj pht dk
foæys"< dj fn;k4 fGj o,KkfudkX ds gkF eX foæys"< dh rkdr vk x;h4 müg
kXus lc phtkX dk foæys"< djds /eZ dks Hh vlkj dj fn;k vk,j vc vkneh v
dsyk [\Lk jg x;k g,4 mlds gkF eX dqN ugC cpk g,4 u izse] u ijek®ek3u la
lkj] u eks{2 lc phtkX dk foæys"< gks x;k g,4 vk,j vkneh [kyh gkF [\Lk g
ks x;k g,4 ;g vkneh vxj nq[ ls Hj tkS] ;g vkneh vxj thou ds izfr mnk
lh ls u Hj tkS] vxj ;g vkneh thou dks lekîr djus ds fyS r®ij u gks
us yxs] rks D;k djs`

’kwU; lekf/k
foæys"< us vkneh dks vk®eg®;k fl[kB g,] lwblkbL fl[k;k g,4 vk®eg®;k nks
rjg ls gks ldrh g,3;k rks vkneh gksylsy vk®eg®;k dj ys bdØh] ;k GwIdy
3GqIdy vk®eg®;k djs4 Sd vkneh lh/k tkS vk,j igk\L ls dwn tkS vk,j ej
tkS4 Sd vkneh Nqjh ekj ys3tgj ihys3;k Sd vkneh /hjs7/hjs ejs4 igys
?j Nks\Ls] fGj o¬_ Nks\Ls] fGj lekt Nks\Ls] laü;klh gks tkS4
/hjs7/hjs ejus ds uke dks ge vc rd laü;kl dgrs jgs gT] xzs†;qvy lwblkbL
dks2 /hjs7/hjs ejks4 vk,j vkneh bl ejus dh izf∂;k eX ftruk vkxs fudy tkS]
ftruk lw[ tkS] ftruk lq[h ifR;kX dh Hkafr gks tkS thou dk vkuan] ftls
thou ds gj gj dks xank djus dh ∂wjrk ls Hj ns] ml vkneh dk ge mruk
gh vknj nsrs gT4 /eZ ds rFkdfFr >wOs izHkokX eX geus thou dks ugC] e1®;q dks
vknj fn;k g,4 vk,j tks lekt e1®;q dks vknj nsrk gks] mlds thou eX vkuan d,
ls gks ldrk g,` vk®e?kr dks geus léeku fn;k g,4 geus vc rd dsoy e1®;q
ds nsork ds eafnjkX dh iwtk dh g,4 geus nhS tykS gT e1®;q ds lkeus] thou ds
lkeus ugC4
/eZ ds gkFkX eX eTus dgk] ø;fDrxr vk®eg®;k dh lw> feyh vkneh dks] vk,j f
oKku ds gkFkX eX lkewfgd vk®eg®;k dk mik; fey x;k g,4 /eZ us dgk3NksIs
thou dks2 vkokxeu ls eqfDr pkfgS4 thou Ohd ugC 'qH ugC] iki g,4 ;g S
d ek_ iki g, thfor gksuk4 eT fiNys tüekX ds ikikX ds dkj< thfor gwa4 vki
Hh fiNys tüe ds ikikX ds dkj< thfor gT4 ftl fnu iki ugC jg tkSaxs] tho
u dh dksB txg ugC jg tkSxh] vki thfor ugC jgXxs4 vki thou eX ugC gkXxs
4
tks yksx iki ls eqDr gks tkrs gT] os thou ls Hh eqDr gks tkrs gT4 thou vk,j i
ki i;kZ;okph g,] Sd gh vFZ j[rs gT4 thfor gksus vk,j ikih gksus dk Sd gh v
FZ g,4 D;kXfd tks iki ls eqDr gks tkrs gT] os thou ls Hh eqDr gks tkrs gT4 rks
thou g, iki] fGj D;k djX ge` thou ls gIX` thou dks Nks\LX` thou ls eqDr
gkX` vkxeu ls ckgj tkus dh dksf'' djX`
thou ls gI tkus dh lkjh dksf'' e1®;q eX tkus dh dksf'' gh gks ldrh g,] vk,
j dksB fod¥i ugC] vk,j dksB vk¥IjusfIo ugC4 ;k rks thou dh jkg vk,j vkua
n eX izos' g,] ;k fGj thou ls ihO Gsjus eX g,] thou ls Hkxuk g,] thou ls g
Iuk g,4
ftls ge laü;kl dgrs gT] og e1®;q dh vksj eq[ djus dk uke g,] thou dh vk,
j ihO Gsj ysus dk6 e1®;q dh rjG xfr djus dk uke g,4 /ek˜ us ø;fDrxr vk®
e?kr fl[k;k4 foKku vk,j vkxs c\P x;k4 vly eX foKku gj pht dks lkewfgd
cukus dk mi∂e g,4
Sd ø;fDr ftldk miHksx djrk g,] foKku dh dksf'' g, fd lHh mldk miHks
x dj ldX4 vdcj ds egy eX ftruh jks'uh gksrh Fh] foKku us ø;o¬Fk dj n

’kwU; lekf/k
h fd mruh jks'uh cacB dh >ksi\Lh eX Hh gks4 vdcj ftruk vπNk Hkstu djrk
Fk] foKku dksf'' djrk g, fd gj vkneh mruk vπNk Hkstu dj lds4 lezkI
kX ds ikl ftrus rhoz okgu Fs] foKku us dksf'' dh fd nfj–re vkneh ds ikl
Hh mrus rhoz okgu gks tkS4 foKku thou dh ?IukvkX dks lkewfgd djus dh
dksf'' djrk g,4 mlus e1®;q dks lkewfgd djus dh ø;o¬Fk dj nh g,4 Sd7Sd
vkneh D;kX vkokxeu ls eqDr gks` lkjh i1ƒoh Sd gh lkF vkokxeu ls eqDr D
;kX u gks tkS` blfyS gkbL≠kstu ce vk,j SIece Btkn fd;k4 lHh dks bdØk
eks{ D;kX u fey tkS` lHh thou ls NwI D;kX u tkS` tc thou nq[ g, rks
thou dks cpkus dh tWjr D;k g,` vk,j tc thou ih\Lk g, vk,j mlls NqIdkjk
gh Sdek_ y”; g, rks lHh lkewfgd Wi ls D;kX u izos' ik tkS` Sd7Sd vk
neh dc rd eqDr gksrk jgsxk` Sd7Sd vkneh dks eks{ tkus eX fdruk le;
yx tkSxk4 bdØk] IksIy] ge D;kX u eqDr gks tkS`
rks foKku us e1®;q dks Hh lkewfgd] dysfDIo djus dk mik; dj fn;k g,4 bu n
ksukX ckrkX eX fojks/ ugC g,4 foæys"< e1®;q ij gh ys tkrk g,4 pkgs /k√ed foæys
"< gks] pkgs o,Kkfud foæys"< gks4 Susysfll ek,r ij gh ys tkrh g,] thou ij
ugC ys tkrh4 D;kXfd Susysfll dk eryc g, rks\Luk7rks\Luk] [aL [aL djuk4
tks pht rks\Lh tkrh g, og ej tkrh g,] ftls ge [aL7[aL djrs gT og u‘I gks
tkrh g,4 thou dk vFZ g, tks\Luk tks\Luk] v[aL djuk2 e1®;q dk vFZ g, rks\Luk4
vki ejrs gT rks gksrk D;k g, vkids Hhrj tks pht VlFsfId Fh og IwI tkrh g,
vius SyhesüIl4 vkids Hhrj tks pht Fh] og [aL7[aL eX caI tkrh g,4 vk,j
D;k gksrk g,` e1®;q dk vk,j D;k vFZ g,` e1®;q dk vFZ g,] tks tq\Lk Fk og fc[
j x;k4 tks la;qDr Fk] og fo;qDr gks x;k4 tks lkF7lkF Fk] og vyx gks x;k
4
thou dh izf∂;k g, v[aLrk eX2 baI≠hxs'u eX] VlFsfll eX2 vk,j e1®;q dh izf∂;k
g, [aL7[aL gksus eX fofæy‘I gksus eX] IwI tkus eX2 tks Hh foæys"< dk ekxZ id\Ls
xk3pkgs /eZ] pkgs foKku] var eX e1®;q gkF eX vkSxh4 /k√edkX us Hh Sd rjg
dh e1®;q gkF eX yk nh Fh] o,KkfudkX us nwljh rjg dh e1®;q gkF eX yk nh g,]
ysfdu thou vc rd gkF eX ugC vk ldk4
u rks thou dk /eZ i,nk gqvk g,] u thou dk foKku i,nk gqvk g,4 tks\Lus dk] b
dØkiu dk] lexzrk dk] gksyusl dk vc rd dksB Hko thou dk ugC izdI gks
ldk4 blfyS ge nq[ eX thrs gT] blfyS ge ih\Lk ls thrs gT] blfyS ge va
/dkj eX thrs gT4 blfyS thou ds lkF gekjk dksB laidZ ugC gks ik jgk g,4 u
ge vkuan dks tku ikrs gT] u vkyksd dks] ge dqN Hh ugC tku ikrs4 ge fcu
k tkus thrs gT] vk,j fcuk tkus ej tkrs gT4

’kwU; lekf/k
igyh ckj vkils dguk pkgrk gwa4 vxj thou ds eafnj cukus okys cuuk gks] i
®Fj rks\Lus okys ugC] jksIh jksth dekus okys ugC2 vieku tud g, ;s ckrX] fd
dksB vkneh flGZ jksth jksIh dekrk g, ;k i®Fj rks\Lrk g,4 mls irk gh ugC ml
vkuan dk] ml xhr dk] tks ijek®ek ds eafnj ds cukus eX miyç/ gksrk g,4 t
ks fdlh f∂SfIfoIh eX3tks fdlh l1tu eX miyç/ gksrk g,] tks [qn ls thou dks
jkst7jkst cukus eX miyç/ gksrk g,] mls irk gh ugC ml xzsIj VlFsfll dh rjg
] ml c\Ls leüo; dh rjg] tgka Hhrj dk thou vk,j uS7uS tks\L dks miyç/
gksrk g,4 jkst u;k f'[j Nwrk g,] jkst uB MapkB Nwrk g,] mls irk gh ugC4
Hxoku dgC cuk cuk;k jsfLesL ugC c,Ok g, fd vki igqap xS vk,j eqykdkr gks
x;h4 Hxoku f∂SI djuk gksrk g, vius Hhrj2 Hxoku dks tkuuk vk,j igpku
uk] fujarj lrk l1tu ls xqtjus dk uke g,] dk¬IXL f∂SfIfoIh ls xqtjus dk uk
e g,4 tks vius thou dks uS uS la;ksxkX eX tks\Lrk g,] Js‘Orj la;ksxkX eX tks\Lrk
pyk tkrk g,] tks\Lrk g,] ml v¥IhesI ;wfuIh rd] ftlds vkxs fGj dksB tks\L
ugC jg tkrk] dksB VlFsfll ugC jg tkrh ml fnu og tkurk g, fd ijek®ek
D;k g,4
t,ls ge Sd eafnj cukrs gT] rks uCo cgqr c\Lh Hjuh i\Lrh g,4 fGj ge bΩIX tks\
Lrs tkrs gT] fGj eafnj Mij mOus yxrk g, vk,j NksIk gksus yxrk g,4 f'[j ij
igqapdj fGj cgqr bΩIX ugC jg tkrh] Sd gh bΩI jg tkrh g,4 NksIk gksrk pyk
tkrk g, f'[j] fGj vdsyh bΩI jg tkrh g,] ogh f'[j vk tkrk g,4
thou ds eafnjkX eX c\Lh fo¬r1r Hwfe gksrh g,] cqfu;kn eX vk/kj eX4 fGj tks\Lrs
pyrs gT ge vk,j NksIh bdkB] vk,j NksIh bdkB i,nk gksrh pyh tkrh g,4 ftl f
nu tks\L vkf[jh gks tkrk g,] ml fnu ftldk vuqHo gksrk g,] ogh vk®ek g,2
euq‘; ds Hhrj tks Js‘Ore Sdrk i,nk gksrh g,] tks egkure ;wfuIh i,nk gksrh g,
] tks c\Ls ls c\Lk leüo; i,nk gksrk g,] ogh thou ds nsork dk vuqHo g,4 ysfd
u ge rks thou dks rks\Lrs gT4
ge rks Sd eafnj eX tkdj dg ldrs gT fd D;k g, ;gka` dqN bΩI yxk nh gT v
k,j tks\L gks x;k g,] vk,j D;k g,` esjs di\Ls dks dg ldrs gT fd D;k g, bl di\Ls
eX4 dqN Hh rks ugC g,] dqN /kxs vk\Ls vk,j lh/s Lky fnS gT vk,j dqN rks ugC
g,` di\Ls flGZ /kxs ugC gT] D;kXfd /kxs ls dksB 'jhj ugC Pd ldrk4 di\Ls
/kxs ls dqN †;knk gT] D;kXfd /kxs tks ugC djrs gT] og di\Ls djrs gT] ugC rks
ikxy Fk /kxs ls gh dke pyk ysrk4 di\Ls dh dksB ;wfuIh g,` dksB VlFsfll g,]
dksB leüo; g,] dksB tks\L g, vk,j ml tks\L eX dqN uB mi;ksfxrk i,nk gks tkrh
g,4 dksB u;k vFZ i,nk gks tkrk g,4
og tks u;k vFZ g, mldh ryk' eX mldh [kst gh /eZ g,4
ysfdu fu"s/ ds /eZ ;g ugC dj ikS4 mügkXus euq‘; dks ejuk fl[k;k g,] thuk
ugC4vk,j tks vkneh ftruk dq'yrk ls ej ldrk g,] mldks mruk léeku fn;

’kwU; lekf/k
k g,4 tks vkneh ejus eX c\Lk xz<h; gks ldrk g, mls 'ghn dgk g,4 ysfdu tks
thou dks thrk g, dq'yrk ls] mls vkt rd dksB 'ghn dgus okyk ugC feyk
cny nsus pkfgS ;s os¥;wt] ;s ew¥;4 ejus okys dks 'ghn dgus dh D;k tWjr g,
` ysfdu tks thrs gT vk,j thou dks iwjs vFk˜ eX thrs gT] os gh 'ghn gT4 ejuk
cgqr vklku g,] thou cgqr dfOu g,4 D;kXfd ejus eX flGZ ejuk i\Lrk g,] vk,j
dqN Hh ugC djuk i\Lrk g,4
thus eX cgqr dqN djuk i\Lrk g,4 rks\Luk cgqr vklku g,] D;kXfd flGZ rks\Luk i\
Lrk g,4 tks\Luk cgqr dfOu g,] D;kXfd tks\Lus ds fyS dyk pkfgS4 rks\L rks dksB
Hh ldrk g,4
eafnj fxjkus ds fyS ge fdlh c\Ls vkfpZIsDI dks [kstus ugC tkrs4 xkao dk dksB
Hh etnwj ;g dke dj nsxk4 ysfdu Sd eafnj cukuk gks] rks xkao ds etnwj
dke ugC nsrs4 fdlh vkfpZIsDI dks [kstuk i\Lrk g, tks cukuk tkurk gks] cukus
dh dyk tkurk gks] tks\Lus dh dyk tkurk gks4
vc rd /eZ ds uke ij dsoy rks\Luk fl[k;k g,] Nks\Luk fl[k;k g,] Hkxuk fl
[k;k g,4 ;g dksB Hh dj ldrk g,4 blds fyS thou dh dyk tkuuk tWjh u
gC g,4 ysfdu og /eZ vc rd i,nk ugC gks ldk4 tks tks\Luk fl[kS4 thou dk
vkfpZIsDI thou dh dyk fl[kS] thou fuekZ< dk lw_ fl[kS4
igyk lw_3vkt dh lka> eq>s vkils ckr djuh g, vk,j og ;g g, fd thou dks
foæys"< dh n1f‘I ls ns[uk can dj nX] vü;Fk vkids gkF eX jk[ ds flok; dq
N Hh ugC yxsxk4 thou dks ns[X laæys"< dh n1f‘I ls vk,j vkidks jl miyç/
gksuk 'qW gks tkSxk4 vk,j lc dqN fuHZj djrk g, bl ij fd vki d,ls ns[rs gT
4 thou ogh gks tkrk g,] tks vkids ns[us dh n1f‘I gks tkrh g,4
tkiku ls Sd vkneh us vÌhdk ds fyS ;k_k 'qW dh4 mlh tgkt eX Sd vejh
dh Hh ;k_k dj jgk Fk4 nksukX Sd gh tgkt ls vÌhdk igqaps4 Sd gh le; igqa
ps4 Sd gh dke ls igqaps] ;g mügX irk ugC Fk4 vejhdh ;qod twrs dh Sd cgq
r c\Lh daiuh dk cspus okyk StsüI Fk ls¥le,u Fk4 og Hh vÌhdk x;k Fk fd
viuh daiuh ds twrs ogka fcdus dh ø;o¬Fk gks lds vk,j tkikuh Hh tkiku ds
twrkX dh Sd daiuh dk fo∂srk Fk4
nksukX gh] Sd gh tgkt ls vÌhdk eX mrjs4 Sd gh gksIy eX Ogjs4
vejhdh us ogka ls vesfjdk dscy fd;k] eT yk,Irs tgkt ls okil vk jgk gwa4 v
Ìhdk eX twrs ugC fcd ldXxs] D;kXfd ;gka dksB twrk igurk gh ugC g,4 ;gka yks
x uaxs i,j gT4 ;gka gekjk vkuk lc ø;FZ g,] eT okil yk,I jgk gwa4
tkikuh us Hh mlh oDr dscy fd;k tkiku fd Sd yk[ twrs dh tks\Lh Gk,ju Hs
t nX] ;gka fc∂h dh cgqr laHkouk g,4 dksB Hh twrk ugC igus gqS g,4 Sd Hh v
kneh ds ikl twrs ugC gT4 Gk,ju Sd yk[ tks\Ls rks Hst gh nX6 D;kXfd Sdne fc
∂h 'qW gks tkSxh4

’kwU; lekf/k
vesfjdh okil yk,I x;k] D;kXfd dksB vkneh tgka twrk gh ugC igurk6 ogka tw
rs [jhnsxk dk,u` tgka twrs iguus dk fjokt gh ugC ogka twrs dk loky gh D;k
mOkuk g,`
nksukX dh n1f‘I fHU7fHU Fh4 Sd us cktkj [kst fy;k] Sd us cktkj [ks fn;k4
thou ds cktkj eX ge lc mrjrs gT4 dqN yksx cktkj [ks nsrs gT] dqN yksx c
ktkj miyç/ dj ysrs gT4 tks yksx foæys"< ls ns[rs gT] mügX thou vlkj fn[k
;h i\Lrk g,4 os Gk,ju dscy djrs gT ijek®ek dks vkokxeu ls NqIdkjk fnykvks]
ge okil vkuk pkgrs gT] thou ø;FZ g,2 ;gka dksB lkj ugC4 gs ifrrikou2 g
eX t¥nh okil cqyk yks4 ;gka ge ugC jguk pkgrs4 ysfdu tks thou dks laæys"
< dh n1f‘I ls ns[rs gT] os ijek®ek ls dgrs gT] /ü;okn g, rq>s] fd thou eX g
eX Hstus dk ek,dk rwus fn;k vk,j bl ;ks≈; le>k4 thou eX c\Lk vkuan g,] tho
u eX c\Ls ek,ds gT] thou Sd c\Lh vikpZfuIh Sd c\Lk volj g,4 vuqx1ghr gT g
e rsjs] fd rwus bl ;ks≈; le>k] fd geX bl thou eX Hstk4
jVo– ukF us ejus ds nks fnu igys Sd xhr fy[k Fk4 vk,j ml xhr eX dgk f
d gs ijek®ek2 eT fdu 'çnkX eX rq>s /ü;okn nwa] fd rwus eq>s thus dk ek,dk fn;
k4 rsjk thou cgqr vnHqr Fk4 vk,j vxj dqN nq[ Hh eq>s bl thou eX feys g
kXxs] rks og esjh Hwy ls feys gkXxs] rsjs thou ds dkj< ugC4
fGj ls nksgjkrk gwa] jVo– ukF us xk;k fd vxj rsjs thou ls dqN nq[ Hh eq>s
feys gkXxs] rks og esjh Hwy ls eq>s feys4 rsjs thou ds dkj< ugC2 rwus thou f
n;k] cgqr /ü;okn2 vk,j esjh Sd gh izkFZuk g, fd vxj rwus eq>s bl thou eX
ns[dj vik_ u le> fy;k gks] rks ckj7ckj eq>s thou ds n'Zu dk ek,dk nsuk4
eT ckj7ckj yk,I vkuk pkgrk gwa4 'k;n vxyh ckj eT vkMa rks †;knk ik_ gksd
j vkMa4 tks HwyX eTus vkt dh] os dy u dWa2 thou rwus fn;k] /ü;okn vk,j v
kxs Hh thou nsuk bldh izkFZuk g,4
bl Ôn; dks eT /k√ed Ôn; dgrk gwa4 bl Ôn; dks eT tkuus okyk Ôn; dgr
k gwa4 bl Ôn; us thou ds eafnj dks cuk;k vk,j tkuk] ßlk eT dgrk gwa thou
dk fu"s/ ugC] ykbG fuxs'u ugC thou dk ¬ohdkj g,] ykbG mGjes'u g,4
igyk lw_ g, thou dh ∂kafr dh fn'k eX4 tks yksx vius thou dks cnyuk pkg
rs gT] igys rks mügX thou ls fe_rk lk/uh gksxh] '_qrk ugC4 igys rks mügX th
ou ls vkVyxu ysuk gksxk] ihO ugC Gsj ysuh gksxh4 igys rks mügX thou ds jl
foHksj gksuk gksxk4
ysfdu ge rks thou dks ns[rs gh ugC4 lwjt mxrk g,] vkius dHh mls /ü;okn
fn;k g,` vk,j py i\Ls ijek®ek dh [kst eX vk,j py i\Ls vkuan dh [kst eX`
lqcg vka[ [qyrh g, vk,j thou mlds Hhrj djoI ysrk g,4 dHh vkils /ü;ok
n fn;k g,4 thou dks fd Sd fnu eq>s vk,j feyk g,] vuqx1ghr gqvk eT` ÎrKrk
Kkiu fd;k dHh`

’kwU; lekf/k
vkdk' eX pkan rkjs gksrs gT4 eqDr] fcuk vkils dqN fyS] jkst fudy vkrs gT4
Gwy fcuk dqN vkils ekaxs jkst f[y tkrs gT4 lkjka'] fcuk fdlh pht ds ø;; f
dS] vkids Hhrj vkuan dh cgqr [cj ykrs gT] ysfdu ge os yksx gT] tks tho
u eX ns[rs gh ugC4 u gokvkX eX] u pkan rkjkX eX] u lwjt eX] u vkneh dh vka
[kX eX] u cπpkX dh vka[kX eX] u ¬_h dh vka[kX eX] u cw\PkX dh vka[kX eX4 ge rks
thou dks ns[rs gh ugC4 ge rks ßls thrs gT] t,ls Sd cks> Pksrs gkX] t,ls dksB
ltk dkIrs gks4
eT dkjkx1gkX eX x;k Fk Sd ckj4 ogka eTus yksxkX ls iwNk] d,ls th jgs gks` mügkX
us dgk] thus dk dksB loky ugC2 ge dsoy ltk dkI jgs gT4 eTus dgk] vxj
rqe gh ltk dkIrs gks rks Hh Ohd Fk4 eT ckgj dh c\Lh tsy ls vk jgk gwa4 ogka
Hh yksx ltk gh dkI jgs gT4 ogka Hh dksB th ugC jgk g,] D;kXfd thus ds izkF
fed lw_kX dk Hh dksB cks/ ugC4
igyk lw_ g,3thou ds izfr vgksHko2 xzsIhI;wL2 thou ds izfr vuqxzg dk Hko2
vk,j ftl fnu vki vuqxzg ls ns[Xxs] mlh fnu os }kj [qy tkSaxs] tks can jgs gT]
vc rd4 vk,j vki g,jku gks tkSaxs4 ;g Hh ek,twn Fk tks eTus dy rd ns[k u
gC2 vk,j eT D;k ns[ jgk Fk`
nks d,nh Sd dkjkx1g eX can Fs4 os dkjkx1g ds lC[ps id\Ls [\Ls Fs4 lC[ps ds lk
eus gh Sd xank Lcjk Fk] ftleX rjg7rjg ds dh\Ls7edks\Ls iy jgs Fs] vk,j ft
lls csgn cncw mO jgh Fh4
Sd d,nh ml Lcjs dks ns[s tk jgk Fk vk,j xkyh ns jgk Fk fd d,n eX j[k x;
k og] rks Ohd2 ysfdu bl Lcjs ds ikl`
nwljk d,nh Hh mlds ikl gh [\Lk Fk4 mldh vka[X vkdk' dh rjG mOC FC4 v
kdk' eX iw√<ek dk pkan fudy vk;k Fk vk,j mleX ve1r dh o"kZ gks jgh Fh4
ml d,nh us vius cxy ds i\Lkslh dks fgyk;k vk,j dgk] ikxy ysfdu pkan Hh g,
] rw pkan dks ns[rk gh ugC2 fdlus dgk fd rw Lcjs dks ns[s` Lcjk g,] ;g rks
Ohd] ysfdu fdlus dgk fd rw Lcjs dks ns[` rw [qn gh pquko dj jgk g, Lcjs
dks ns[us dk] D;kXfd pkan Hh ek,twn g,4 vk,j ikxy] tc eTus pkan dks ns[k vk,j
pkan dks ns[dj esjh vka[X Lcjs ij x;h rks eT g,jku gks x;k4 og Lcjk Hh cn
y x;k] ml eX pkan dh izfrNk;k cu jgh Fh4 ml Lcjs eX eq>s pkan fn[kB i\Lk
4 D;kXfd pkan dks eTus ns[k] pkan ls eT ifjfpr gqvk] fGj ml Lcjs eX eq>s dh\Ls
7edks\Ls irk gh ugC pys4 pkan dh izfrNfo gh eq>s fn[kB i\Lh] vk,j rw Lcjs dks
ns[ jgk g,` vk,j eT tkurk gwa fd vxj rw pkan dks Hh ns[sxk rks Lcjs dh izfr
Nfo pkan eX fn[k;h i\Lsxh] ;g fcydqy ¬okHkfod g,4
gekjh n1f‘I] gekjs txr dks fu√er djrh g,4 /eZxqQvkX us euq‘; txr dks fo"k
Dr dj fn;k] vlkj nq[iw<Z dg dj2 vk,j mügkXus dgk vk,j gks x;k] mudk vf
H'ki Gfyr gks x;k g,4

’kwU; lekf/k
D;k ge bl nqfu;k dks ßls gh ftS` ;k thou dh n1f‘I dks cnys` ijek®ek v
xj dgC g,] rks thou ds eafnj eX fojkteku g,4 vk,j ftügX Hh ml eafnj eX izos
' djuk g,] os vgksHko] thou ds izfr /ü;rk dk cks/] thou ds izfr ÎrKrk
dk cks/ ysdj gh izos' dj ldrs gT4
igyh lh\Ph g, thou ds izfr vgksHko2 vk,j ml lh\Ph rd igqapus dh n1f‘I g, laæ
ys"<] VlFsfll gksyusl2 Sukysfll ugC] foæys"< ugC] [aL7[aL dj nsuk ugC2
v[aL ls ns[X [aL7[aL ls ugC4 tks v[aL dks ns[rk g, og /k√ed g,] tks [aL dks
ns[rk g,] og v/k√ed g,4 ;g thou ∂kafr dh fn'k eX igyk lw_ g,4
Sd NksIh lh dgkuh] vk,j eT viuh ckr iwjh dWaxk4
¬oxZ eX] ¬oxZ ds Sd js¬_ka eX cq0] da©;wf';l vk,j ykvks®ls rhukX c,Odj xi'i
dj jgs gT4 ¬oxZ eX Hh js¬_kar gksrs gT] D;kXfd tks vkneh tehu ls tkrs gT] os t
ehu dh cgqr lh phtX ogka ys tkrs gT4 ugC ys tkrs] rks ogka cuk ysrs gT4 fGj
cq0] da©;wf';l vk,j ykvks®ls rhukX i1ƒoh ij 'k;n gh fdlh js¬_ka eX xS gkX4 r
hukX js¬_ka eX c,Odj xi'i djrs gT4 Sd vîljk Sd cgqr lqanj lqjkgh eX] thou
dk jl ysdj vkrh g,4
cq0 ;g ns[rs gh] fd thou dk jl g,] vka[ can dj ysrs gT vk,j dgrs gT] cl
thou nq[ vk,j vlkj g,] gIks ;gka ls2 vü;Fk eT ;gka ls gI tkMaxk4 da©;wf';l
dgrk g,] Fks\Lk lk p[ dj ns[ ywa] fd d,lk g,2 D;kXfd fcuk p[s dqN Hh dg
uk mfpr ugC4 Sd ?waI ns[ ywa d,lk g,] D;kXfd fcuk ?waI dksB fu<Z; nsuk mfpr
ugC4 NksIh lh î;kyh eX Sd ?waI thou dk jl ysdj og p[rk g, vk,j dgrk
g,] ugC] dksB lkj ugC g,] dksB lkj ugC g,4 og Hh vka[ can dj ysrk g,4 ykv
ks®ls dgrk g, fd iwjh lqjkgh eq>s ns nks4 D;kXfd tc rd eT iwjh dks ugC p[ ywa]
dqN Hh dguk mfpr ugC4 gks ldrk g,] tks Sd ?waI eX u gks] og iwjs eX gks4
gks ldrk g, tks [aL eX u gks] og v[aL eX gks4 rks eT iwjs gh thou dks ih tkMa]
rc dqN dgwa4 iwjh î;kyh ih tkrk g,] vk,j ukpus yxrk g,4 vk,j cq0 ls dgrk
g, fd rqeus fcuk p[s dgk] fd dqN Hh ugC g,4 vk,j da©;wf';l] rqeus Sd ?waI
fy;k vk,j dg fn;k ø;FZ g,4 ysfdu thou rks mldh iw<Zrk eX gh tkuk tk ld
rk g,4 fd lkj Hwr tks dqN g,] lc thou eX g,2 ijek®ek thou eX g,] vk,j eks
{ Hh4 ysfdu iwjs thou dks tks tkurs gT] os gh dsoy bl l®; dks vuqHo dj
ikrs gT4
thou dks mldh iw<Zrk eX tku ysuk gh izkFZuk g, iwtk g,4 thou dks mldh iw<Zr
k eX tku ysuk Sd laü;kl g,] lk/qrk g,4 thou dks mldh iw<Zrk eX tku ysuk gh
euq‘; dk vafre vk,j pje y”;] vuü; vk,j pje mnnsæ; g,4 /eZ mldk }kj
g,4 igyk lw_2
nks lw_kX dh dy vkils ckr dWaxk4 rsjh ckrkX dks brus izse vk,j vkuan ls lquk]
ßlh ckrkX dks] ftuds fojks/ eX ges'k lk/q vk,j laü;klh cksyrs jgs gT2 vkidh

’kwU; lekf/k
c\Lh Îik g,] cgqr /ü;okn2 tks eTus dgk og 'çnkX dk tks\L gh ugC g,] mldk f
oæys"< er dj ysuk vü;Fk lHh ø;FZ gks tkSxk4 tks eTus dgk] mls iwjk dk iw
jk ns[uk4 mleX 'çnkX ls dqN †;knk Hh eTus dgus dh dksf'' dh g,] dksB b'kjk
fd;k g,] tks 'çnkX ds ikj ys tkrk g,4 dk'] og fn[kB i\L tkS] rks ijek®ek
dk eafnj nwj ugC4 var eX lcds Hhrj c,Os thou ds nsork dks iz<ke djrk gwa4
esjs iz<ke ¬ohdkj djX4
esjs fiz; vk®eu
thou gh ijek®ek g,4 thou ds vfrfjDr dksB ijek®ek ugC4 tks thou dks th
us dh dyk tku ysrs gT os izHq ds eafnj ds fudI igqap tkrs gT vk,j tks thou ls
Hkxrs gT] os thou ls rks oafpr gksrs gh gT] ijek®ek ls Hh oafpr gks tkrs gT4
bl laca/ eX dy eTus Fks\Lh lh ckr vkils dgh4 igyk lw_ eTus vkils dgk g,3t
hou ds izfr vgksHkko2 thou ds izfr vkuan vk,j vuqxzg dk Hko2
ysfdu vkt rd Ohd blls m¥Ih ckr le>k;h x;h g,4 vkt rd ;gh le>k;k
x;k g,3thou ls iyk;u S¬dsi thou ls ihO Gsj ysuk] thou ls nwj gI tkuk]
thou ls eqfDr dh dkeuk4 vkt rd ;gh fl[k;k x;k g,4 vk,j blds nq‘ifj<ke
gqS gT4 blh dkj< i1ƒoh udZ vk,j nq[ dk ¬Fku cu x;h g,4 tks i1ƒoh ¬oxZ cu
ldrh Fh] og udZ cu x;h g,4
eTus lquk g,3Sd la÷;k ¬oxZ ds }kj ij fdlh ø;fDr us tkdj n¬rd nh4 igjsnkj
us iwNk] rqe dgka ls vk jgs gks` mlus dgk] eaxy xzg ls vk jgk gwa4 igjsnkj
us dgk] rqe udZ tkvks4 ;g }kj rqégkjs fyS ugC g,4 ¬oxZ ds njokts rqégkjs fy
S ugC g,4 vHh udZ tkvks4 og vkneh vHh x;k Hh u Fk] fd mlds ihNs Sd
vk,j vkneh us Hh }kj [I[Ik;k4 igjsnkj us fGj iwNk] rqe dk,u gks` dgka ls
vkrs gks` mlus dgk] eT Sd euq‘; gwa vk,j i1ƒoh ls vkrk gwa4 }kjiky us njoktk
[ksy fn;k vk,j dgk] re vk tkvks4 ;w g,o chu Fzks g,y vkyjsLh3re udZ ls g
h vk jgs gks4 vc rqégX vk,j fdlh udZ eX tkus dh tWjr ugC g,4
euq‘; us i1ƒoh dh tks nqxZfr dj nh g,] og c\Lh gk¬;k¬in vk,j ns[us t,lh g,4 v
k,j cgqr Hys yksxkX us bl nqxZfr eX gkF caIk;k g,4 os lkjs yksx] ftügkXus thou d
h Vunk dh g, vk,j thou dks daLeus'u fd;k g,] ftügkXus thou dks vlkj vk,j
cqjk dgk g,] ftügkXus thou ds izfr ?1<k fl[k;h g,] mu lkjs yksxkX dk i1ƒoh dks
udZ cukus eX gkF g,4
dy eTus vkils dgk fd nqHkZo Nks\Luk gksxk4 /k√ed euq‘; ds eu eX] thou ds
izfr Sd /ü;rk dk] Sd xzsIhI;L dk Hko ykuk gksxk4 thou mls vlkj ugC fn
[kB i\Lrk4 vk,j vxj dgC thou vlkj ekywe gksrk g,] rks os le>rs gT fd m
udh dksB Hwy gksxh] ftlls thou xyr fn[kB i\L jgk g,4 tc Hh thou xyr
fn[kB i\Lrk g,] rks /k√ed euq‘; vius dks xyr le>rs gT4 ysfdu euq‘; dh
iqjkuh HwykX eX ls Sd ;g g, fd viuh Hwy dks nwljs ij Fksi nsus dh mldh iqjk

’kwU; lekf/k
uh izo1fR g,4 viuh xyrh dks] vius nks" dks] viuh ø;FZrk dks] viuh ehVuxus
lusl dks ge thou ij Fksi dj eqDr gks tkrs gT4 thou gh nq[ g,4 ge D;k d
jX`
lπpkB nwljh g,4 ge ftl fpR dks fyS c,Os gT] og nq[ dk l1tu djus okyk f
pR g,4 ge ftl eu dks fyS c,Os gT] ge ftu izo1fR;kX dks fyS c,Os gT] os nq[
dks i,nk djus okyh gT4 i1ƒoh o,lh gh gks tkrh g,] t,ls ge g,4 ge] ge g, ek,fy
d Wi ls dX–h;] i1ƒoh ugC4
Sd NksIs ls xkao ds ckgj Sd lqcg] Sd c,yxk\Lh vkdj Qdh4 c,yxk\Lh eX c,Os gq
S vkneh us ml xkao ds }kj ij c,Os gqS Sd cw\Ps ls iwNk] bl xkao ds yksx d,ls
gT` eT bl xkao eX ges'k ds fyS ¬Fk;h fuokl cukuk pkgrk gwa4 ml cw\Ps us d
gk] esjs fe_] vtuch fe_2 blds igys fd eT rqégX crkMa] fd bl xkao ds yksx
d,ls gT] D;k eT iwN ldrk gwa fd ml xkao ds yksx d,ls Fs] tgka ls rqe vk jgs
gks`
ml vkneh us dgk] mudk uke vk,j mudk [;ky gh eq>s ∂ks/ vk,j ?1<k ls Hj
nsrk g,4 mu t,ls nq‘I yksx bl i1ƒoh dgC Hh ugC gkXxs4 mu nq‘IkX ds dkj< gh]
ikfi;kX ds dkj< gh rks eq>s og xkao Nks\Luk i\Lk g,4 esjk Ôn; ty jgk g,2 eT
muds izfr ?1<k ls vk,j izfr'ks/ ls Hjk gqvk g,2 mudk uke gh u yX4 ml xkao
dh ;kn gh u fnykS2
ml cw\Ps us dgk] fGj eT {ek pkgrk gwa4 vki c,yxk\Lh vkxs c\Pk yX4 bl xkao ds
yksx vk,j Hh cqjs gT4 eT cgqr o"k˜ ls tkurk gwa4
og c,yxk\Lh vkxs c\Ph Hh ugC Fh] fd Sd ?q\Llokj vkdj Qd x;k vk,j mlus
Hh ;gh iwNk mls cw\Ps ls fd bl xkao eX fuokl djuk pkgrk gwa4 d,ls gT bl xkao
ds yksxkX`
ml cw\Ps us iwNk] ml xkao ds yksx d,ls Fs] ftl xkao ls rqe vk jgs gks` ?q\Llok
j dh vka[kX eX vkalw vk xS4 mldh vka[X fdlh nwljs yksd eX pyh x;h4 mldk
Ôn; fdügC dh ¬e1fr;kX ls Hj x;k vk,j mlus dgk] mudh ;kn Hh eq>s vkuan
ls Hj nsrh g,4 fdrus î;kjs yksx Fs4 vk,j eT nq[h gwa fd mudks Nks\Ldj eq>s etcw
fj;kX eX vkuk i\Lk g,4 ysfdu Sd liuk eu eX g, fd dHh fGj ml xkao eX oki
l yk,I dj cl tkMa4 og xkao gh esjh dcz cus] ;gh esjh dkeuk g,2 cgqr Hys
Fs os yks4 mudh ;kn er fnykuk4 mudh ;kn ls esjk fny IwI tkrk g,4 ml cw\Ps
us dgk] b/j vkvks4 ge rqégkjk ¬okxr djrs gT4 bl xkao ds yksxkX dks rqe m
l xkao ds yksxkX ls Hh vπNk ikvksxs4 eT bl xkao ds yksxkX dks Hyh Hkafr tkurk
gwa4
dk'2 og igyk c,yxk\Lh okyk vkneh Hh ;g ckr lqu ysrk4 ysfdu og tk pqd
k Fk4

’kwU; lekf/k
ysfdu vkidks eT nksukX ckr crkS nsrk gwa4 blds igys fd vkidh c,yxk\Lh i1ƒoh
ds }kj ls vkxs c\P tkS] eT vkils ;g dg nsuk pkgrk gwa fd bl i1ƒoh ij vki
o,ls gh yksx ikSaxs] t,ls vki gT4 bl i1ƒoh dks vki vkuaniw<Z ikSaxs] vxj vkids
Ôn; eX vkuan dh oh<k ctuh 'qW gks x;h gks4 vk,j bl i1ƒoh dks vki nq[ ls
Hjk gqvk ikSaxs] vxj vkids Ôn; dk fn;k cq>k g, vk,j va/dkjiw<Z g,4 vkids
vfrfjDr vk,j dqN Hh ugC g, ;gka2 tWj ogh g,] tks vki g,4
thou dks ge fdl n1f‘I ls ns[rs gT` /k√ed ø;fDr thou ls Hkxus okyk ø;fD
r ugC g,4 Hkxus okys gksus pkfgS vk,j gkXxs detksj2 Hkxus okys gksus pkfgS vk,
j gkXxs lq¬r vk,j vkylh2 Hkxus okys gksus pkfgS vk,j gkXxs Ljiksd vk,j dk;j2
bügX thou dk lkeuk djus dk lkgl vk,j fgéer ugC g,4
/k√ed ø;fDr ls †;knk lkglh rks dksB gksrk gh ugC4 mlls †;knk djst rks fd
lh ds Hhrj gksrk gh ugC4 /k√ed ø;fDr Hkxrk ugC g,] ¬o;a dks cnyrk g,4 v
k,j ¬o;a dh cnykgI ds lkF gh ikrk g, fd lkjk thou cny x;k g,4 ftl fnu
og [qn dks cny ysrk g,] ml fnu og ikrk g, fd lkjs thou dh iwjh f¬Ffr
cny x;h g,] thou dqN vk,j gks x;k g,4
gekjh vka[kX ij fuHZj g, og] ftls ge ns[rs gT4 gekjs izk<kX ij fuHZj g, og] f
tldk ge vuqHo djrs gT4 Sd ckr eTus dy vkils dgh3vkuanHko2 thou ds
izfr vgksHko2 thou ds izfr vuqxzg dk cks/2 ;g /k√ed ø;fDr dh igyh tho
u3∂kafr dk lw_ g,4 vkt nwljs ij eq>s ckr djuh g,4
nwljk lw_ g, thou ds izfr vkæp;Z dk cks/2 rhu gtkj o"k˜ eX vxj euq‘; us
dksB pht [ks nh g,] rks og vkæp;Z g,4 vkæp;Z ds lkF gh [ks x;k g, /eZ2 vkæ
p;Z ds lkF gh [ks x;k g, thou dk jg¬;4 vkæp;Z ds lkF gh [ks x;k g, og
lc tks fe¬Ihfj;l g,] og lc tks eg®oiw<Z g,4
vkæp;Z geus d,ls [ks fn;k` NksIs cπps rks vkt Hh vkæp;Z dks ysdj i,nk gksrs
gT4 ysfdu eka cki muds vkæp;Z dk xyk ?ksI nsrs gT4 ge muds vkæp;Z dks mu
dk cks/ txus ds igys u‘I dj nsrs gT4 gekjh lkjh f'{k la¬FkSa] gekjh lkjh
la¬dkj ø;o¬Fk] gekjh lqfo/k] gekjh la¬Îfr] Sd pht dh cqfu;knh '_q g,] v
k,j og pht g, vkæp;Z dk Hko2
igys rks /ek˜ us vkæp;Z ds Hko dks u‘I dj fn;k4 d,ls fd;k` thou eX tks7tks
vKkr Fk] vuuksu Fk vk,j vKkr gh ugC] tks7tks vKs; Fk] vuuksScy Fk] /
ek˜ us ;g ?ks"<k dj nh g, fd ge ;g lc tkurs gT4 /ek˜ us dg fn;k fd l1f‘I
d,ls cuh] geX irk g,4 fdrus fnu eX cuh g,] geX irk g,4 fdl rkjh[] lnh eX
vk,j fdl lu eX cuh g,] ;g geX irk g,4 /k√ed yksxkX us cgqr vl®; dgk g,4
nqfu;k eX blls c\Lk vl®; gks ldrk g, fd geX irk g, fd thou d,ls tüek`
;k geX irk g, fd ijek®ek D;k g,`

’kwU; lekf/k
ijek®ek vk,j thou g, vKkr4 vKkr gh ugC] vKs; g,4 vuuksu gh ugC vuuksS
cy g,4
ysfdu /ek˜ us ;g ?ks"<k dh g, fd geX irk g,4 /eZ xqQvkX us ;g ?ks"<k dh fd
geX Kkr g,4 mügkXus bldk c\Ls tksj ls nkok fd;k4 vk,j fGj mügkXus ;g Hh dg
k fd vxj dksB dgsxk fd geX irk ugC g,] vk,j ;g dksB vxj fl0 djuk pkgs
xk fd rqe vKkuh gks] rks ge viuh nyhy dks ryokj ls fl0 djds crk nXxs f
d ge tks dgrs gT og Ohd g,4 ftlds gkF eX ryokj g,] og tks dgrk g,] og
lc Ohd g,4 euq‘; dks irk ugC g, dqN Hh4 euq‘; dks vKku cgqr xgjk g,4 ysf
du dqN vgadkjh yksx Fs] dqN ßls yksx Fs] tks ;g ¬ohdkj ugC dj ldrs Fs f
d ge ugC tkurs4 D;kXfd u tkuus dh ¬ohÎfr cgqr c\Lh g;we,fyIh g,] cgqr c\
Lh uezrk g,4 tks o¬rqrA /k√ed gksrk g,] mlh eX ;g fouezrk ugC gksrh4 mldh
?ks"<k ;gka gksrh g, fd eT tkurk gwa4 u dsoy ;gh] cf¥d og rks dgrk g, fd
nwljs yksx xyr tkurs gT4 Ohd rks dsoy eT gh tkurk gwa4 esjh fdrkc Ohd] esj
k laiznk; Ohd] esjk rhFΩdj Ohd] esjk iTxcj Ohd] esjk vorkj Ohd4 eT tks tk
urk gwa] ogh Ohd g, vk,j ckdh lc xyr g,4 bl rjg dh ?ks"<kvkX dh fujarj
iquqWfDr ls] vk,j cπpkX ds eu eX cpiu ls gh bu ckrkX dks izfo‘I djk nsus ls]
thou eX tks vKkr Fk] og foyhu gks x;k] fNi x;k4 geX yxus yxk fd ge l
c dqN tkurs gT4 tc euq‘; dks yxrk g, fd eT lc dqN tkurk gwa] rks vkæp;Z
dh dksB laHkouk ugC4 rc fo¬e; dk dksB dkj< ugC jg tkrk4 rc fe¬I≠h;l
ds izfo‘I gksus dk dksB }kj ugC jg tkrk4 vkneh vius Kku ds dkjkx1g eX gh
can gks tkrk g,4 pkjkX rjG tks vKkr ek,twn g,] mlds fyS dksB njoktk] dksB
f[\Ldh ugC jg tkrh fd mlls izos' fd;k tk lds4
igys] /ek˜ us euq‘; ds vkæp;Z dh g®;k dh3/eZ 'k¬_kX us] /eZ xqQvkX us4 fGj
muds ckn vk;k foKku4 foKku us euq‘; dks ;g Hh [;ky ns fn;k4 fd ge l
c tkurs gT4 foKku us Hh fGD'u [\Ls fdS4 /eZ us Hh [\Ls fdS Fs4 foKku us
Hh d¥iuk ds yksd [\Ls fdS4
∂kfæp;ül dgrs gT fd ijek®ek us pkj gtkj lk, o"Z iwoZ nqfu;k dh jpuk dh2
Ng fnu eX l1f‘I dh vk,j lkroX fnu foJke fd;k] jfookj ds fnu4 ;g lc bü
gX irk g,2
foKku vk;k vk,j foKku us iqjkuh d¥iukvkX ds fyS rks dgk fd ;s d¥iukSa gT
] fGD'al gT2 ysfdu u;h d¥iukSa [\Lh dj nh4 o,Kkfud dgrs gT fd ;g rks i
rk ugC ijek®ek us l1f‘I dh ysfdu vjckX o"Z igys /qSa dh uhgkfjdkSa FC4 mü
gC uhgkfjdkvkX ls lwjt dk tüe gqvk] lwjt ls i1ƒoh dk tüe gqvk4 i1ƒoh ij t
ks c\Ls7c\Ls ;g tks Vgnw egklkxj g,] i,flfGd g,] vIykafId g, ;s x∏s blfyS i,nk
gks xS fd i1ƒoh ls pkan dk Iqd\Lk vyx gks x;k4 i1ƒoh ls pkan i,nk gqvk g,4 ;s
lc ckrX Hh v®;ar >wOh vk,j cscqfu;kn gT4 bu ckrkX ds fyS Hh u dksB dkj<

’kwU; lekf/k
g, vk,j u dksB o,Kkfud vk/kj g,4 ysfdu vkneh vius vKku dks ¬ohdkj gh u
gC djuk pkgrk4 fdlh u fdlh Hkafr og ;g Hze i,nk djuk pkgrk g, fd og
lc tkurk g,4
SfLlu dk uke lquk gksxk4 Sd gtkj vfo‘dkj fdS mlus4 'k;n nqfu;k eX fd
lh Sd vkneh us brus vfo‘dkj ugC fdS4 fo|qr dh ckr dks SfLlu ftruk
tkurk Fk] mruk 'k;n dksB ugC tkurk Fk4
SfLlu vejhdk ds Sd NksIs ls xkao eX x;k4 ml xkao ds ¬dwy ds cπpkX us Sd
izn'Zuh ltk;h Fh4 mleX dqN fo|qr ds [sy f[yk,us cukS Fs] tks fctyh ls py
rs Fs4 eksIj cuh Fh] tgkt cuk;k Fk2 SfLlu Hh ns[us x;k4 cπpkX dks D;k i
rk Fk fd tks ns[us vk;k g,] fo|qr ds fo"; eX tkuus okyk nqfu;k eX lcls c\Lk
fopkjd g,4 SfLlu mu cπpkX ds f[yk,ukX dks ns[dj [q' [q' gqvk4 mlus iwNk
] cπpkX] ;s pyrs d,ls gT` cπpkX us dgk] bysfDI≠flIh ls] fo|qr ls4 SfLlu us iw
Nk] D;k eT iwN ldrk gwa3;g fo|qr D;k g,` cπps Oxs ls jg xS4 cπpkX ds v÷
;kid Hh Oxs ls jg xS] iz/ku v÷;kid Hh4 mueX ls fdlh dks irk ugC fd o
gh SfLlu g,4
fGj SfLlu us dgk] vki ?cjkSa ugC] esjk uke SfLlu g,4 vkius lquk gksxk2
og cksys] lquk g,2 vki gh us rks fo|qr dh bruh [kst chu dh g,] vfo‘dkj fd
S gT4
SfLlu us dgk] rqe fufæpr jgks4 Vprk dh ckr ugC4 eT Hh ugC tkurk gwa4 eT
Hh mRj ugC ns ldrk gaw] øgkI bt nh bysfDI≠flIh2 eq>s Hh irk ugC fd fo|qr
D;k g,4
ge dsoy fo|qr dk mi;ksx djuk lh[ xS gT4 fo|qr D;k g,] geX irk ugC4 v
<q D;k g,] geX irk ugC4 v<qce tWj ge cukuk lh[ xS gT4
Sd ekyh cxhps eX Sd cht cks nsrk g,] vk,j ik,/k c\Lk gks tkrk g,4 iwNX ekyh
ls] ik,/k D;k g,` iwNs ekyh ls] cht ik,/k d,ls cu tkrk g,` ekyh dgsxk3eq>s
irk ugC4 gkykafd cht og cks nsrk g,] vk,j ik,/k cu tkrk g,4 ekyh cht ls ik,
/k cukuk lh[ x;k g,4 ysfdu ik,/k D;k g,] cht D;k g,] mls irk ugC4
foKku Hh bl ik,/s eX dke djus okys ekfy;kX t,lk g,] tks cht ls ik,/k cukuk
lh[ x;k g,4 ysfdu thou D;k g,] bldk foKku ds ikl Hh dksB mRj ugC g,4
vk,j eT vkils dgrk gwa bldk eryc ;g u le> yX fd /ek˜ ds ikl bldk m
Rj g,4 /ek˜ ds ikl Hh mRj ugC g,4
vkt rd vkneh ds fyS thou dk tks pje izæu g,] mudk dksB Hh mRj miy
ç/ ugC g,4 igys /k√ed yksx /ks[k nsrs jgs fd geX mRjkX dk irk g,4 vc o,Kkf
ud /ks[k ns jgs gT] fd geX mRjkX dk irk g,4 pkgs /k√ed /ks[k nX] pkgs o,Kkfu
d] blls dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 vkneh dks /ks[k fn;k tkrk jgk g,4

’kwU; lekf/k
vkt tc bl lh/s ls l®; dk ge ¬ohdkj djus dk lkgl ugC dj lds] fd g

eX Kkr ugC g, fd l®; D;k g,4 l®; vKkr g,4 thou vk,j ijek®ek3lc vKkr
gT4 izkFZuk djuk pkgrk gwa4 vxj nqfu;k eX pkgrs gT vki fd /eZ okil yk,I v
kS6 rks jg¬; fd fcuk] fef¬Ifj;e ds fcuk] fo¬e; ds fcuk vkæp;Z ds fcuk] /
eZ okil ugC yk,I ldrk4
iafLrkX us] nk'ZfudkX us] fGyklGjkX us d¥iuk ds c\Ls tky jps] 'çn ds tky jps
] vuqekukX ds tky jps vk,j brus rdZ fnS mu vuqekukX ds fd lkekü; euq‘; d
ks Hze gks tkrk g, fd 'k;n ;s yksx tkurs gT] 'k;n bügX irk g,4 bl tkuus ds
Hze eX] bl [;ky us fd ge tku xS g,] thou ds izfr gekjs tks dne mO l
drs Fs] jg¬; ds] vkæp;Z ds fo¬e; ds] mudk mOuk can gks x;k4 cpiu ls gh
ge cπps ds vkæp;Z dh g®;k dj nsrs gT4
'k;n vkidks [;ky Hh u gks] cπpkX ds lkF fdS tkus okys cgqr c\Ls7c\Ls vijk
/kX eX ;g c\Lk vijk/ g,4 cπps iwNrs gT] o1{ D;k g,` nj“r gjs D;kX gT` vkdk
' eX rkjs D;k gT` rkjkX eX jks'uh D;kX g,` vkneh dgka ls i,nk gksrk g,` ;g Gw
y bruk jaxhu D;kX g,` frryh bruh lqanj D;kX g,`
vk,j ge lc flj mOkdj bl Hkafr mRj nsrs gT] t,ls geX lc irk g, vk,j NksIs
cπps le> ysrs gT fd firk tks dgrs gT] Ohd dgrs gT4 eka tks dgrh g,] Ohd d
grh g, xqQ tks dgrs gT] Ohd dgrs gkXxs4
NksIs cπpkX dks /ks[k fn;k tk jgk g,] muds bukslsül dk] mudh funk∆"rk dk 'ks
"< fd;k tk jgk g,4 Bekunkj eka cki vk,j Bekunkj f'{d dgXxs fd ;g geX
dqN Hh irk ugC4 ge Hh frrfy;kX ds ekeys eX] vkdk' vk,j rkjkX ds ekeys eX
mrus gh cπps gT] ftrus rqe gks4 geX dqN Hh irk ugC4 thou ds laca/ eX ge
Hh mrus gh vKkuh gT] ftrus rqe gks4 rks cπpkX ds Hhrj vkæp;Z vk,j fo¬e;
dk fodkl gksxk4 rc os ;qok gksrs7gksrs v®;ar vkæp;Z ls Hj tkSaxs4 muds Ôn;
eX vkæp;Z ygjX ysus yxsxk4 os fo¬e; ls Hj tkSaxs4 os thou ds izfr tkurs gT]
bl Hko ls ugC] ugC tkurs gT bl Hko ls thou dks ns[Xxs4
Sd eka cπps dks tüe nsrh g,4 fufæpr gh vius isI eX c\Lk djrh g,] ysfdu D;k
og tkurh g, fd tks isI eX c\Lk gks jgk g, og D;k g,` vxj eka bl Hwy ex
i\L tkS] rks xyrh djrh g,4 ;|fi mlds gh isI eX tüe ys jgk g,] c\Lk gks jg
k g,] mlds gh [wu vk,j ekal e†tk ls iy jgk g,4 fGj Hh og mlds fyS vKk
r g,] vuuksu g,4 og mls fyS irk ugC dk,u g, vk,j D;k g,4 og cπpk i,nk gksx
k4 eka lksprh gksxh] eT tkurh gwa vius cπps dks4
>wOh g, ;g ckr4 dksB eka vius csIs dks ugC tkurh4 dksB cki vius csIs dks ugC
tkurk4 ysfdu ifjp; gks tkrk g,] rks ge lksprs gT fd ge tkurs gT4 fGj ge
uke j[ ysrs gT jke vk,j Î‘< ;k vk,j dqN4 lksprs gT fd igpku xS4 vly
ex mldk dksB uke ugC g,] tks i,nk gqvk g,4 lc uke >wOs gT tks ge ns jgs gT4

’kwU; lekf/k
vk,j bügC ukekX dks ge nXxs4 vk,j ge gh bu ukekX dks iqdkjXxs] vk,j dgXxs fd g
e Hyh Hkafr tkurs gT fd ;g jke g,4
;g jke uke Hh >wOk g,4 og tks ihNs g,] og vuke] useysl g,4 mldk geX dksB
irk ugC g,] fd mldk D;k uke g,4 tks ?j eX tüe ysrk g,] ge mls vifjfpr
gT] ysfdu jkst7jkst mls ns[rs gT] igpkurs gT] rks yxrk g, fd mls tkurs gT4
ifr lksprk g, fd og i®uh dks tkurk g,] i®uh lksprh g, fd og ifr dks tku
rh g,4 dksB fdlh dks ugC tkurk4 ifr vk,j i®uh rks cgqr nwj] ge ¬o;a vius
dks Hh ugC tkurs4 ftügX ¬o;a dk gh irk ugC g,] mügX vk,j fdl pht dk irk
gks ldrk g,`
gekjk vKku cgqr xgjk g,] ysfdu bl Kku dk ge Kku ds 'çn lh[ dj fNik
ysrs gT vk,j Kkuh cu tkrs gT4 vKku ls Hh [rjukd og Kku g,] tks vKku d
ks fNikus eX lg;ksxh curk g,4 Kku ds o o¬_ tks vKku dks fNik ysrs gT cgqr
[rjukd gT4 vkneh us thou ex tks Hh l®; g,] lqanj g, vk,j Js‘O g,] mls Kku
ds o¬_kX eX gh [ks fn;k g,4
irk g, vkidks lkTn;Z D;k g,` irk g, vkidks l®; D;k g,` irk g, vkidks 'qH D
;k g,` dqN Hh irk ugC g,4 ysfdu pwafd fdlh dks Hh dqN irk ugC g,] vk,j g
e lHh ;g ?ks"<k djrs gT fd geX irk g, blfyS euq‘; tkfr eX dksB maxyh m
Ok dj ugC dgrk fd >wO cksy jgs gks4 ge lc Sd uko ij lokj gT] Sd gh
chekjh ls ihf\Lr gT] blfyS geX irk Hh ugC pyrk fd dksB c\Lk >wO thou eX
cksyk tk jgk g,4 cgqr c\Ls >wO izpfyr gqS gT] ysfdu vxj >wO lHh id\L yX]
rks irk pyuk can gks tkrk g,4
Sd ckj ßlk gqvk fd Sd xkao eX dksB tknwxj vk;k4 mlus xkao ds dqSa eX Sd
ea_ i\Pk vk,j dksB pht mleX Lky nh vk,j dgk fd tks bl dqSa dk ikuh ihS
xk og ikxy gks tkSxk4 lka> gksrs7gksrs xkao ds lHh yksxkX us ml dqSa dk ikuh
ih fy;k4 D;kXfd î;kl ugC lgh tk ldrh Fh4 bls ikxyiu dgk tk ldrk g,4
etcwjh Fh] tkurs gqS fd ikxy gks tkSaxs3lkjk xkao lka> gksrs7gksrs ikxy gks x
;k4 flGZ jktk] mldh jkuh vk,j othj cp xS4 muds edku eX nwljk dqvka Fk4
os xkao ds dqSa dk ikuh ugC ihrs Fs4 og c\Ls izlU Fs] fd ge vπNs cp xS gT
4 iwjk xkao rks ikxy gks x;k g,4 ysfdu lka> dks mügX irk pyk fd Hwy gks x;h
gekjs cpus eX4 iwjs xkao ds yksx tywl cuk dj ?j ds lkeus vk xS vk,j ukjk
yxkus yxs vk,j mügkXus dgk] ßlk ekywe gksrk g, fd jktk dk fnekx [jkc gks
x;k g,4 ;g jktk ugC py ldrk4 ;g yksdra_ dk tekuk g,4 ikxy jkts ugC
py ldrs4 mrjks uhps egy ls4 rqégkjk fnekx [jkc gks x;k g,4 ge rqégkjk b
ykt djXxs4
jktk cgqr ?cjk;k4 mlds flikgh Hh ikxy gks xS Fs4 mlds uk,dj pkdj Hh i
kxy gks xS Fs4 mlds l,fud Hh ikxy gks xS Fs4 mlus vius othj ls dgk] D;

’kwU; lekf/k
k djX ge` ckr m¥Ih g,4 ikxy ;s yksx gks xS gT4 ysfdu Hh\L tc ikxy gks tk
rh g, rks crkuk cgqr dfOu g, fd og ikxy g,4 D;k djX ge`
othj us dgk fd Sd gh jk¬rk g,4 ihNs ds njokts ls ge Hkxs] ftruh rsth ls
Hkx ldX4 vk,j ml dqSa dk ikuh ih yX] ftl dqSa dk ikuh bu yksxkX us ih;k g,4
rHh ge cp ldrs gT4 og jktk vk,j othj Hkxs4 mügkXus tkdj ml dqSa dk i
kuh ih fy;k4 ml jkr ml xkao eX c\Lk tylk cuk;k x;k] xkao ds yksxkX us c\Lh
[q'h euk;h vk,j Hxoku dks /ü;okn fn;k fd jktk dk fnekx Ohd gks x;k4
tc lkjk lewg Sd gh ikxyiu ls ihf\Lr gksrk g,] rks igpkuuk dfOu gks tkrk
g, fd ikxyiu D;k g,` vxj dksB vkneh igpku ys] rks m¥Is ogh vkneh ikx
y ekywe gksrk g,] Hh\L ikxy ugC ekywe i\Lrh4
thll ∂kb¬I ikxy ekywe i\Lrs gT4 blfyS Hh\L us mügX lwyh ij yIdk fn;k4
lqdjkr ikxy ekywe i\Lrk g,] blhfyS Hh\L us mls tgj fiyk fn;k4 ealwj ikx
y ekywe i\Lrs gT] blhfyS Hh\L us mldh pe\Lh [Cp yh4 xka/h ikxy ekywe i\
Lrs gT] Hh\L us xksyh ekj nh4 vkt rd ftrus yksxkX us Hh\L ds dqSa dk ikuh ug
C ih;k] muds lkF ;gh ø;ogkj gqvk vk,j Hh\L fufæpr g,4 Hh\L dks 'd i,nk u
gC gksrk] D;kXfd pkjkX rjG lHh yksx xokg gksrs gT fd Ohd gT ge4
eT vkils fuosnu djuk pkgrk gwa fd euq‘; tkfr dh fof{îrrkvkX eX] eTLuslsl
eX] ikxyiu eX Kku dk ikxyiu lcls c\Lk g,4 bl Kku ds dqSa ls ge lHh us
ikuh ih fy;k g,4 ml Kku ds dqSa dk uke pkgs VgnqvkX dk dqavk gks] pkgs eqly
ekukX dk dqavk gks pkgs t,ukX dk dqvka gks2 blls dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 dqSa dk u
ek dqN Hh gks] ysfdu Kku ds dqSa ls ftügkXus Hh ikuh ih fy;k g,] muds thou
ls vkæp;Z dk Hko u‘I gks tkrk g,4 tgka vkæp;Z x;k] ogka /eZ x;k] ogka n'Z
u x;k2 tgka fo¬e; x;k] tgka fo¬e; x;k] tgka thou o fo¬e; ls ns[us okyh
vka[X pyh x;h] ogka lc dqN pyk x;k4 ogka fGj dqN Hh 's" ugC jg tkrk4
fGj ijek®ek dh dksB [kst Hh ugC gks ldrh] D;kXfd ijek®ek vxj dqN g,]
rks ogh g,] ftls ge fe¬Ihfj;l dgrs gT] ftls ekius vk,j tkapus dk dksB mik;
ugC] ftls rk,yus dh dksB rjktw ugC] ftldk b'kjk djus ds fyS dksB 'çn u
gC] ftldks crkus ds fyS dksB 'k¬_ ugC] dksB fl0kar ugC g,4 ysfdu 'k¬_kX] f
l0karkX vk,j Kku dh nhokyX chp eX [\Lh gks tkrh g, vk,j thou Sd rjG jg
tkrk g,4
phu ds Sd xkao eX cgqr c\Lk esyk yxk Fk4 gtkjkX yksx ogka tek Fs4 dgC bd
Øs gksus dk ek,dk Hj fey tkS] fGj yksx bdØs gksus ls pqdrs ugC gT4 tWj bd
Øs gks tkrs gT4 vly eX] vdsys7vdsys gksus ls vkneh bruk ?cjk;k gksrk g, fd
tgka Hh Hh\L dk ek,dk feyrk g,] igqap tkrk g,4 Sd dqavk Fk ml esys ds fduk
js4 ml dqSa ij dksB ikI ugC Fk] dksB ?sjk ugC Fk4 Sd vkneh ml dqSa eX fx
j x;k4 og cgqr tksj7tksj ls dqSa ds Hhrj ls fp¥ykus yxk fd eq>s cpkvks3eT

’kwU; lekf/k
ejk tk jgk gwa4 ysfdu ml esys eX bruk 'ksj Fk fd dk,u lqurk mldh ph[
iqdkj2 Sd ck,0 fH{qd dqSa ds ikl ls fudyk4 mls lqukB i\Lk fd dksB dqSa ds
Hhrj ls fp¥yk jgk g,4 ml fH{q us >kad dj uhps ns[k vk,j dgk] esjs fe_] t
hou eX vkuan gh D;k g,] tks rqe cpus dh dkeuk djrs gks` thou Sd nq[ g,]
thou iki g,4 cpus ls D;k iz;kstu` vk,j ;g tks r1‘<k cpus dh] ;g tks y¬I
Gkj ykbG g,] ;gh vxys tüe dk deZ ca/u gks tkSxk2 'kar jgks2 ml vkneh
us dgk] eq>s mins' ugC pkfgS4 Îik djds eq>s ckgj fudkfyS4 ysfdu fH{q
us dgk] eT fdlh ds dek˜ ds chp eX ck/k ugC cu ldrk4 rqeus dqN fd;k gksxk
4 fdlh dks dqSa eX fxjk;k gksxk] blhfyS rqe fxjs gks4 rqe Hh fiNys tüe dk
deZGy Hksxrs gks fe_4 lquh ugC rqeus ;g fl0kar dh ckr` vk,j vc ejrs {
<kX eX eksg Nks\Lks thou dk2 'kafr ls ejks] rks fuokZ< gks tkSxk] ugC rks fGj
yk,I7yk,I dj vkuk i\Lsxk4 fH{q vkxs c\P x;k4
mlds ihNs gh du©;wf';l dk Sd laü;klh vk;k4 mlus Hh dqSa eX fp¥ykrs gqS
vkneh dh vkokt lquh4 og fdukjs x;k vk,j >kadk2 mlus dgk fd le> x;k]
du©;wf';l us fy[k g, viuh fdrkc eX] fd ogh jk†; Js‘O g,] tks vius dqvkX
ij ikI cka/ nsrk g,2 tks dqvkX ij ikI ugC cka/rk g,] og jktk vü;k;h g,4 rqe
?cjkvks er2 ge vkanksyu [\Lk djXxs] ge turk dks le>kSaxs2 vHh ge esys
eX tkrs gT4 vHh ge jktk ds egy ij igqaprs gT4 gj dqSa ij ikI gksuk gh pkfg
S] rkfd dksB fxj u lds4
ml vkneh us dgk] og ckn eX djuk4 eT ejk tk jgk gwa4 igys eq>s ckgj fudk
yks4 ysfdu mlus dgk] loky rqégkjk ugC] loky turk tuknZu dk g,4 Sd vk
neh cprk g,] ejrk g,] ;g loky ugC g,4 dqSa ij ikI gksuk pkfgS4 vk,j rqe
?cjkvks er] fufæpr jgks] rqégkjs cπps ßlh nqfu;k eX jgXxs] tgka dqSa ij ikI
gkXxs4
mlus dgk] cπpkX dk loky ugC g,4 ejk rks eT tkrk gwa4
ml laü;klh us dgk] cπpkX ds fyS Sd c\Lh dqckZuh eka7cki dks djuh i\Lrh g,4
rks rqe ejks] ysfdu cπps ßlh nqfu;k eX jgXxs] tgka dksB dqSa eX ugC fxj ldsxk4
rqe csfG∂ jgks4
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Sd eap ij lokj gks x;k vk,j le>kuk 'qW dj fn;k] fd ßls dqSa ugC jgus
pkfgS] ftu ij ikI u gkX4
mu nksukX ds pys tkus ds ckn Sd BlkB fe'ujh ogka ls fudyk4 dqSa eX fdlh
dks fp¥ykrk ns[dj og r®{< dqSa eX dwn i\Lk vk,j ml vkneh dks ckgj fudk
y yk;k4 ml vkneh us dgk] cgqr cgqr /ü;okn2 rqégC lπps /k√ed vkneh ek
ywe i\Lrs gks4 Sd ck,0 fH{q fudyk Fk] mlus dgk fd vius dek˜ dk Gy Hksx

’kwU; lekf/k
jgs gks vk,j da©;wf';l ds fH{q us dgk Fk fd ge jk†; eX ifjorZu ykus ds f

yS vkanksyu pykSaxs2 ysfdu rqégC lπps /k√ed gks2
ml BlkB fe'ujh us dgk] ugC fe_] ekG djks4 eTus rks rqégX blfyS fudkyk
g, dqSa ls] D;kXfd thll ∂kb¬I us dgk g,] tks lsok djrk g, mldks ¬oxZ feyrk
g,4 ge rks ;gh pkgrs gT fd jkst7jkst yksx dqSa eX fxjrs jgs vk,j ge mügX fu
dkyrs jgs4 ftrus †;knk yksx dqSa eX fxjXxs] mruh gh gekjh lsok] mruk gh ¬o
xZ ij gekjk vf/dkj4 og VdxLe vkG xksL tks g,] mlds ge ekfyd gks tkSaxs
4 rqe jkst7jkst fxjks2 vius ?j ds yksxkX dks Hh le>kvks] D;kXfd lsok djuk c
gqr tWjh g,4 fcuk l√ol ls dksB ijek®ek rd igqaprk gh ugC g,4
vkneh dqSa eX ej jgk g,] ysfdu mls ns[us okyk dksB ugC g,] D;kXfd 'k¬_ chp
eX vk tkrs gT4 thou pkjkX rjG g,] ysfdu mls ns[us okyk dksB ugC g,] D;kXfd
'çn chp eX vk tkrs gT4 ijek®ek gj {< ek,twn g,] ysfdu mlls igpku ugC
gksrh] D;kXfd Kku chp eX vk tkrk g,4
thou vk,j euq‘; ds chp Kku ls c\Lh pht] dksB c\Lk vojks/] dksB fg≤Ljsül]
dksB igk\L ugC g,4 ysfdu ge le>rs gT fd Kku c\Lh Maph ckr g,4 ge le>rs
gT fd Kku v√tr dj fy;k] rks cgqr dqN dekB dj yh4
Kku ogh g, tks bl ljyrk ls dgrs gT fd ge ugC tkurs gT4 dsoy os gh fouez
yksx] dsoy os gh fouez fpR] os gh gacy ekbaLl tks tkurs gT fd geX dqN Hh
irk ugC] os gh ml ije l®; ds fudI igqap ikrs gT vk,j mls tku ikrs gT4
Kku ds Hze okys yksx dHh Kku dks miyç/ ugC gksrs4 os vKku eX gh thrs vk,
j u‘I gks tkrs gT4 ;g ckr c\Lh m¥Ih ekywe gksrh g,4 eT vkils dg jgk gwa fd
vxj vius vKku dk ifjiw<Z cks/ gks tkrk g,] rks thou eX Kku dk tüe gks l
drk g,4
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vk,j ckbfcy ls] mifu"nkX vk,j osnkX ls] egkohj vk,j cq0 ls feyrk g,4 'çnkX
ls tks Kku feyrk g,] og Kku ugC4 'çn gT LsL] cstku4 mudk dksB ew¥; ugC]
;kfu dksB thou ugC4
[qn ds izk<kX ds lk{kr ls tks feyrk g,] og ckr vk,j gh g,4 mls tkuus ds fyS
vKku dk ¬i‘I cks/ gksuk pkfgS4 ftls vKku dk cks/ gks tkrk g,] tks tkurk
g, fd eT ugC tkurk mlds fyS jg¬; ds }kj [qy tkrs gT4 ysfdu geus laxzg c
gqr dj j[k g,4 geus daO¬F dj j[s gT xzaF4 geus 'çn lh[ j[s gT4 ge rksrkX
dh Hkafr gT] ftügX lc dqN fl[k fn;k x;k g,] vk,j ;kn djk fn;k x;k g,4 ge
bügC 'çnkX dks nksgjkrs jgrs gT4
dksB iwNs vkils] Bæoj g,` dk,u lk mRj vkrk g, vkids chp` eT vkils iwNrk
gwa] Bæoj g,` dksB mRj vkrk g,] vkids Hhrj ls `

’kwU; lekf/k
fdlh ds Hhrj vkrk gksxk] g,3vxj mldh fdrkckX eX ßlk fy[k g,] vxj mlds
xqQvkX us ßlk crk;k g,4 fdlh ds Hhrj vkrk gksxk] ugC g,3vxj mldh fdrk
ckX eX ßlk fy[k g, vk,j xqQvkX us ßlk crk;k g,4
Vgnq¬rku eX iwNks] Bæoj g,` rks crkrs gT] g,2 vk,j Wl ex iwNk] rks os yksx crk
rs gT] ugC g,2 ge lksprs gT fd Vgnq¬rku c\Lk vkf¬rd g, vk,j Wl c\Lk ukf¬rd
g,4 ugC lkgc2 nksukX jIs gqS rksrs gT4 Vgnq¬rku ds rksrs dks crk;k tk jgk g, fd
Bæoj g, rks os dgrs gT fd Bæoj g,4 Wl ds rksrs dks crk;k tk jgk g, fd Bæo
j ugC g, rks os dgrs gT fd Bæoj ugC g,4 tks lh[h gqB ckrX nksgjk jgk g,] og
vkneh ds in ls uhps fxj jgk g,] vius dks rksrk cuk jgk g,] vius dks e'hu
cuk jgk g,4 ysfdu vxj eT iwNwa3Bæoj g,` vk,j vkids Hhrj dksB mRj u mOs]
u gka] u uk6 eT iwNwa3Bæoj g,` vk,j vkids Hhrj lUkIk Nk tkS4
vk,j ;g lUkIk Nk tkuk gh l®; gksxk4 D;kXfd vki ugC tkurs gT fd Bæoj g,
;k ugC4 eT iwNwa Bæoj g,` vk,j vkids Hhrj lkbyXl gks tkS] vkids Hhrj dksB
mRj u vkS] vki ek,u jg tkS] vkids Hhrj dksB 'çn ?uhHwr u gks] vkids
Hhrj dksB fj¬ikXl u gks] vkids Hhrj uks fj¬ikXl dh f¬Ffr gks tkS4
eT iwNwa3Bæoj g,` vk,j vkids Hhrj lc lUkIk gks tkS2 bl f¬Ffr dks eT dg
jgk gwa3vKku dk cks/2 fd eq>s irk ugC g,2 vk,j blh lUkIs eX mldh ix÷ofu
;ka lqukB nsuk 'qW gksrh g,] tks ijek®ek g,4 blh ek,u eX] blh lkbyXl eX thou
dk la¬i'Z miyç/ gksrk g,4
vk,j rc fGj mls [kstus fgeky; eX ugC tkuk i\Lrk g,] xaxk ds rI dh ;k_kSa
ugC djuh i\Lrh gT4 vk,j rd [kstus dk'h vk,j eDdk vk,j enhuk ugC tkuk
i\Lrk g,] ;sW'ye dh ;k_k ugC djuh gksrh g,4 eafnj vk,j ef¬tn eX flj ugC
Isdus i\Lrs gT4
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Rj lc lh[s gqS gT vk,j eT rks dqN Hh ugC tkurk gwa4 vxj vkidks eu ml v
o¬Fk eX vk tkSxk] tgka ls mRj ugC vkrk g,] fGj pqîih vk,j eu jg tkrk g,]
rks vki Sd vnHqr }kj dks [ksyus eX leFZ gks tkSaxs] ftldh d¥iuk Hh ugC
gks ldrh4 ml fouez ek,u eX] ml gacy lkbyXl eX dqN ?fIr gksrk g,] dksB ∂
kafr gks tkrh g, vk,j Sd uS euq‘; dk tüe gks tkrk g,4
vc rd ftu yksxkX us tkuk g,] mügkXus Kku ls ugC tkuk g,] ek,u ls tkuk g,4 Kk
u cgqr cdokn g,] eq[j g,4 ijek®ek ds fudI rks os igqaprs gT] tks lc Hkafr
ek,u vk,j 'kar gks tkrs gT3ftuds Hhrj dksB mRj ugC4
blfyS eT vkt dh jkr eX vkils lc mRj Nhu ysuk pkgrk gwa4 lc mRj vki
;gh Nks\L tkS4 viuh Kku dh >ksyh eX ftrus dad\L7i®Fj gkX] os ;gC Nks\L tk
S4 vke rk,j ls lk/q le>krs gT fd geus tks le>k;k g,] mls viuh xkaO eX cka
/ dj ys tkuk ;gka er Nks\L tkuk4 eT m¥Ih ckr le>krk gwa4 eTus tks le>k;k

’kwU; lekf/k
g,] og vk,j eq>ls igys ftügkXus le>k;k og lc] Îik djds ;gC Nks\L tkS4
vk,j vki [kyh] fcydqy fjDr eu dks ysdj] vxj vkt jkr gh lks ldX] rks
vki fu–k eX gh dksB }kj [ksy ldrs gT4 vxj vkt gh lkjs Kku dks Nks\Ldj fc
¬rj ij pqipki ysI ldX] rks gks ldrk g, fd dksB vutku vfrfF vkids }kj
[I[Ikus yxs3[ksyks] eT vk x;k4 D;kXfd tks vkneh vius gh Kku ls Hjk g,] m
lds Hhrj ijek®ek ds Kku ds yk;d vodk' ugC gksrk] ¬isl ugC gksrh4 tks v
ius Kku dks Nks\L nsrk g,] mleX ijek®ek ds Kku dk vorj< 'qW gks tkrk g,4
vkdk' ls o"kZ gksrh g,4 o"kZ ds fnukX eX igk\LkX ij Hh ikuh fxjrk g,] >hykX eX
Hh fxjrk g,] x∏kX eX Hh fxjrk g,] ysfdu igk\L ikuh ls [kyh jg tkrs gT] D;kXf
d os igys ls gh Hjs gqS gT4 ysfdu x∏s tks ikuh ls Hj tkrs gT] D;kXfd os igys
ls gh [kyh gT4
ckny dqN Hsn ugC djrs fd dksB igk\L g, fd x∏k g,4 os nksukX ij ikuh fxjk ns
rs gT4 ysfdu fxjk gqvk ikuh ø;FZ tkrk g,4 igk\L [kyh ds [kyh jg tkrs gT] D
;kXfd vius eX Hjs gT4
thou ∂kafr dk nwljk lw_ gT3¬o;a dks Kku ls [kyh dj yks4 c\Lh eqfædy g, ;g
ckr4 vkneh vk,j lc dqN Nks\L ldrk g,] Kku Nks\Lus eX izk< dkairs gT4 /u Nks\
L ldrs gT4 gtkjkX yksx /u Nks\Ldj ®;kxh gks tkrs gT4 i®uh cπpkX dks Nks\L ld
rs gT4 l,d\LkX yksx laü;klh gks tkrs gT4 ysfdu Kku ugC Nks\Lk tkrk4 Sd vkneh
laü;klh gks tkrk g,] fGj Hh eqlyeku cuk jgrk g,] Vgnw cuk jgrk g,4
eT rks g,jku gwa fd d,ls ikxykX dh ;g nqfu;k g,4 x1g¬F Vgnw gks] eqlyeku gks] B
lkB gks] t,u gks] rks le> eX vkrk g,4 ysfdu lk/q t,u] Vgnw eqlyeku ;k BlkB
d,ls gks ldrk g,` ftlus lekt gh Nks\L fn;k mldks lekt dk Kku ugC Nks\L
ik;k vc rd4 lekt us tks Kku fn;k g,] mldks og id\Ls c,Ok g,4 Sd lk/q Hh
dgrk g, fd eT t,u gwa] Vgnw gwa] eqlyeku gwa4 ;s chekfj;ka lk/qvkX ds ikl ugC
gksuh pkfgS4
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j4 Kku vgadkj dh lw”ere] xgjh ls xgjh id\L g,4 blfyS ftudks ;g [;ky
gks tkrk g, fd ge tkurs gT] os HId tkrs gT4 muds tkuus ds jk¬rs can gks tk
rs gT4
lqdjkr cw\Pk gks x;k Fk4 cq\Pkis eX lqdjkr us cgqr vthc ckr dguk 'qW dj fn
;k Fk4 dgus yxk fd eT dqN ugC tkurk gwa Sd vkneh us dgk fd ge rks ;g
lqu dj vkS Fs fd vki ije Kku gT4
lqdjkr us dgk] fdlh us xyrh ls dg fn;k gksxk4 tc eT toku Fk rc eq>s ß
lk Hze Fk4 ßlk bywtu eq>s Hh Fk fd eT tkurk gwa4 ysfdu t,ls7t,ls esjk vuqH
o c\Pk] t,ls7t,ls eTus thou dk laidZ ik;k] t,ls7t,ls thou eX esjh xfr gqB] t,ls
7t,ls eT thou dh /kjk eX Lwck] o,ls7o,ls eq>s irk pyk fd eT D;k tkurk gwa4 eT

’kwU; lekf/k
dqN Hh ugC tkurk gwa4 vkt eT dg ldrk gwa fd eq>s dqN Hh irk ugC4 eq>
ls c\Lk vKkuh dksB ugC4 lqdjkr us tku fy;k gksxk4 lqdjkr tku gh ysxk4 lqd
jkr ds tkuus ds chp dh lkjh ck/kSa fxj x;h4 Sd gh ck/k Fh3bl ckr dk
[;ky fd eT tkurk gwa4 eT tkurk gwa3;g bruk c\Lk vk,j dOksj ik"k< [\Lk dj
nsrk g, euq‘; ds Hhrj4 fGj vk,j tkus dk loky gh ugC jgk4
Sd Gdhj ej jgk Fk] og ej< '…;k ij i\Lk Fk4 dqN egk'; bdØs Fs4 Vtnk
Gdhj ds ikl dHh dksB bdØk ugC gksrk4 ;k rks ejrs gqS GdhjkX ds ikl yksx
bdØk gksrs gT] ;k ejs gqvkX ds ikl bdØk gksrs gT4 vkneh eqn∆ dk c\Lk iqjkuk iw
td g,4 ejrs gqS ml Gdhj ds ikl yksx bdØk Fs vk,j iwNus yxs fd rqeus Kku
dgC ik;k` rqégX Kku d,ls feyk` rqeus d,ls tkuk thou dks` rqe izHq dks d,ls
miyç/ gqS gks` mlus dgk] ;g c\Lk dfOU ekeyk g,4 eT Sd xkao ls xqtj jg
k Fk4 eTus c\Ls7c\Ls xqQvkX dh 'j< yh] ysfdu dksB xqQ] xqQ lkfcr u gqvk4 vl
y eX tks Hh dgrs gT4 ge xqQ gT] os nqdkunkj gT] os dHh xqQ ugC gks ldrs4 rks
cgqr7cgqr xqQ [ksts] dgC dksB Kku ugC feyk4 cgqr 'k¬_ ns[s] cgqr fl0kar
;kn gks xS] ysfdu thou eX dksB GdZ u gqvk] jks'uh u mrjh4 Sd Hze i,nk g
ks x;k fd eT Hh tkurk gwa4
rks og Gdhj Sd xkao ls xqtj jgk Fk4 ftl vkneh dks ;g Hze gks tkrk g,]
eT tkurk gwa] mlds ckn nwljh pht 'qW gksrh g,4 dksB Gal Hj tkS mlds paxqy
eX] og fcuk mins' fnS jg ugC ldrk4 rks Gdhj bl ryk' eX Fk fd dksB
Sdk/ J0kyq fey tkS] rks mls mins' ns ns4 dksB Hh ugC feyk4 Sd NksIk lk
cπpk fey x;k4 og Sd gkF eX fn;k fyS eafnj eX fn;k j[us tk jgk Fk4 m
lus ml cπps ls iwNk] csIs Ogj] igys esjs izæu dk mRj ns ns4 bl fnS eX jks'u
h dgka ls vk;h g,] crk ldrk g,`
ml Gdhj us dgk] eTus lkspk Fk fd cπpk mRj ugC ns ldsxk] fGj eq>s mins'
nsus dk ek,dk fey tkSxk4 ysfdu cπps us eq>s c\Lh eqfædy eX Lky fn;k4 og
cπpk galus yxk vk,j mlus Gwad ekj dj fn;k cq>k fn;k vk,j dgk] ¬okeh th]
†;ksfr dgka pyh x;h` vki mins' ns ldrs gT` vxj vki crk nXxs fd †;ksfr
dgka pyh x;h rks eT Hh crk nwaxk fd †;ksfr dgka ls vk;h g,2 esjs lkjs i\Ps fy[s
'k¬_ ø;FZ gks xS4 xqQvkX ls ik;h esjh lkjh f'{k nks dk,\Lh dh gks x;h4 eT fu
iI vKkuh dh rjg [\Lk gks x;k4 vk,j eq>s [;ky vk;k] eT ;g Hh ugC crk l
drk fd †;ksfr dgka pyh x;h2 eT rks ;g Hh crkrk gwa fd l1f‘I dgka ls vk;h
vk,j l1f‘I dgka foyhu gks tkSxh4 eT rks ;g Hh crkrk gwa fd ijek®ek D;k g,4
vk,j eq>s ;g Hh irk ugC fd †;ksfr dgka pyh x;h` eTus ml cπps ds pj<kX eX
flj j[ fn;k eT ÎrkFZ gks x;k4 ogh esjk igyk xqQ g,4
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ikSaxs fd ;g ogh o1{ ugC g, tks dy ns[k Fk] ;s os gh iRs ugC gT4
tc ?j yk,IXxs vk,j mügC cπpkX dks ns[X ftudks dy ns[k Fk] rks vki ikSaxs fd
;s os gh cπps ugC gT4 xaxk eX cgqr ikuh cg x;k4 thou dh xaxk dHh cgqr cn
y tkrh g,4 lc u;k gks tkSxk] lc vkæp;Z ls Hj tkSxk4
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tls ge izHq dgrs gT4 ijek®ek ds eafnj ds fudI dsoy os gh igqaprs gT] ftudh
vk®ekSa vkæp;Z ls Hj mOrh gT4 ;g nwljk lw_ g, thou ∂kafr dk4 dy eTus d
gk] vgksHko /ü;rk vk,j vkt dgrk gwa4 vkæp;Z] foe¬; jg¬;2
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dj cq>k nsrk gwa mudh †;ksfr] vk,j iwNrk gwa] †;ksfr dgka pyh x;h g,` vk,j v
xj dksB mRj ugC feys] dksB mRj Kkr u gks vk,j mlh vuqRj] mlh fuQRj f
n'k eX vki ?j fcnk gks tkS] rks nwljs lw_ dh >yd feyuk 'qW gks tkSxh4
esjh ckrX brus izse vk,j 'kafr ls lquh] blds fyS cgqr7cgqr vuqx1ghr gwa vk,j va
r eX lcds Hhrj c,Os ijek®ek dks iz<ke djrk gwa4 esjs iz<ke ¬ohdkj djX4
thou eX tkxWdrk
esjs fiz; vk®eu
Sd NksIh lh dgkuh ls vkt dh ppkZ vkjaH dWaxk4
Sd iw√<ek dh jkr Sd NksIs ls xkao eX Sd c\Lh vnHqr ?Iuk ?I x;h Fh4 dq
N toku y\LdkX us 'jkc[kus eX tkdj 'jkc ih yh Fh] vk,j tc os 'jkc ds u
's eX ene¬r gks xS Fs] vk,j 'jkc[kus ls ckgj fudys Fs] rks pkan dh cjlrh
gqB pkanuh eX ;g [;ky vk x;k fd ge tkS unh ij vk,j uk,dk fogkj djX4 jk
r c\Lh lqanj Fh vk,j u's ls Hjh gqB Fh4 os xhr xkrs gqS unh fdukjs igqap xS4
ogka uko ca/h Fh4 eNqos uko cka/dj ?j tk pqds Fs4 vk/h jkr gks x;h Fh4
os lc Sd uko eX lokj gks xS4 irokj mOk yh vk,j uko [suk 'qW dj fn;k4
nsj jkr rd uko [srs jgs4 lqcg gksus dks vk;h4 lqcg dh OaLh gokvkX us mügX l
psr fd;k4 mudk u'k dqN de gqvk vk,j mügkXus lkspk fd ge u tkus fdrus nw
j fudy vkS gT] vk/h jkr ls ge uko pyk jgs gT4
mueX ls Sd us lkspk fd mfpr g, fd eT uhps mrj dj ns[ ywa fd ge fdl fn
'k eX vk xS gT] D;kXfd u's eX tks pyrs gT] mügX fn'k dk dqN Hh irk ugC j
grk g, fd ge dgka igqap xS gT vk,j fdl txg gT4 tc rd ;g u le> yX rc
rd ge okil Hh d,ls yk,IXxs` vk,j fGj lqcg Hh gksus okyh g,] xkao ds yksx V
pfrr gks tkSaxs4 Sd ;qod uhps mrjk vk,j tksj ls galus yxk4 nwljs ;qod us iw
Nk] galrs D;kX gks] ckr D;k g,` mlus dgk] rqe Hh uhps mrj tkvks vk,j rqe
Hh galks4 os lkjs ;qod uhps mrjs vk,j galus yxs4 ckr D;k Fh` vxj vki Hh

’kwU; lekf/k
ml uko eX gksrs vk,j uhps mrjrs rks vki Hh galrs4 ckr dqN ßlh gh Fh4 os o
gh ds ogh [\Ls Fs] uko dgC Hh ugC x;h Fh4 vly eX os uko dh tathj [ksyu
k Hwy xS Fs4 tathj fdukjs ls ca/h Fh4 mügkXus cgqr irokj pyk;h vk,j cgqr
Je fd;k] ysfdu lkjk Je ø;FZ gks x;k Fk] D;kXfd fdukjs ls ca/h gqB ukoX dks
B ;k_k ugC djrh4
eTus nks fnukX dh ppkZvkX eX euq‘; dh vk®ek dh uko fdl [wafI;kX eX ca/h g,] mu
nks [wafI;kX dh vkils ckr dh3os yksx tks Kku ls ca/ tkrs gT vk,j ftuds thou
eX fo¬e; ugC gksrk4 ßls yksxkX dh vk®ek dh uko dHh ijek®ek rd ugC igqa
p ikrh4 os ogh [\Ls jg tkrs gT] tgka ls ;k_k 'qW gks tkrh g,4 Je os cgqr d
jrs gT] irokj os cgqr pykrs gT] le; os cgqr yxkrs gT] ysfdu uko dgh igqap
rh ugC g,] os ogC jg tkrs gT4
ftu yksxkX dh n1f‘I thou ds izfr nq[ dh gksrh g,] larki dh gksrh g,] tks thou
dks va/dkjiw<Z vka[kX ls ns[rs gT] ftügX thou ds izfr vgksHko dk] vkuan ds H
ko dk dksB vuqHo ugC gksrk] tks thou dks vkuan dh vka[kX ls ns[us dh {erk
vk,j ik_rk ugC tqIk ikrs mudh uko Hh fdukjs ls ca/h jg tkrh g,4 os Hh d
Hh thou ds lkxj eX uk,dk dks [s ugC ikrs4
vkt eT rhljh [waIh dh ckr dWaxk fd dk,u ls yksx ca/s jg tkrs gT4 thou dks
nq[ ls ns[us okys] thou dk va/dkjiw<Z n1f‘I ls ns[us okys] thou ds l®; dks
'k¬_kX ls fl[kus okys] ¬o;a ds vKku dks 'çnkX vk,j fl0karkX eX fNik ysus okys
;s ca/s jg tkrs gT4 vkt eq>s vkf[jh [waIh dh Hh ckr djuh g, ftlls vkneh ca
/k jg tkrk g,4 vk,j tks ml [waIh ls ca/k jg tkrk g,] og Sd dks¥gw ds c,y d
h rjg pDdj yxkrk g,] ?werk g,] Sd gh txg ij ?werk g,4 ?wers7?wers u‘I
vk,j lekîr gks tkrk g,4 ysfdu fdlh dks¥gw ds c,y dh rjg pDdj yxkrk g,4
lkjk thou bügC pDdjkX eX ø;FZ pyk tkrk g,4
eT Sd xkao eX x;k Fk4 Sd c,y thou Hj dks¥gw pykus dk dke djrk jgk4 f
Gj og cw\Pk gks x;k vk,j mlds ekfyd us mls dke ds ;ks≈; u le> dj Nks\L f
n;k4 [qyk gh ?werk jgrk Fk4 ysfdu eT c\Lk g,jku gqvk4 og xksy pDdj yxk
rk Fk4 thouHj dh mldh ;g vknrh Fh4 vkt dksB chp eX [waIh Hh ugC Fh4
vkt fdlh dks¥gw eX Hh og ugC tqrk Fk4 ysfdu tks thou Hj ds cksy pDdjkX
eX ?wek g,] og xksy pDdjkX eX ?weus dh vknr ds dkj<] xksy7xksy gh ?werk
g,4 xkao ds yksxkX us ml c,y dks le>kus dh cgqr dksf'' dh fd bl rjg er
?weks2 ysfdu c,y dgC fdlh dh lqurs gT` c,y rks nwj] vkneh gh ugC lqurs] rks
c,y d,ls lquXxs` ml xkao ds yksx t,ls ukle> Fs] ml c,y dks le>krs Fs fd
lh/s pyks] xksy7xksy ?weus dh tWjr ugC g,] D;kXfd tks xksy7xksy ?werk g,] o
g dgC Hh ugC igqaprk g,4 ftls igqapuk gks] mls lh/s tkuk gksrk g,] xksy ugC
?weuk gksrk g,4 eq>s galh vk;h Fh xkao ds mu yksxkX ij4 eT Hh ml xkao ds yksx

’kwU; lekf/k
kX dks le>kus x;k Fk4 xkao ds Sd cw\Ps vkneh us dgk fd rqe ge ij galrs gks
fd ge c,ykX dks le>krs gT4 ge rqe ij galrs gT fd rqe vkneh dks le>krs gks4
u c,y lqurs gT] u vkneh lqurk g,4 vk,j c,y rks lqu Hh ldrs gT dHh] D;kXfd
c,y lh/s vk,j ljy gksrs gT] ijarq vkneh rks cgqr frjNk g,] og ugC lqu ld
rk g,4
fGj Hh pkgs ;g xyrh gh lgh] ukle>h gh lgh] vkneh dks le>kuk gh i\Lsxk
4 og lqus ;k u lqus] mls dguk gh i\Lsxk4 D;k dguk g, ml`
vafre [waIh dh ckr vkt eT vki ls dguk pkgrk gwa4 D;k dguk pkgrk gwa` og
d,lh [waIh g, fd ftlds ikl vkneh Sd dks¥gw dk c,y cu tkrk g,] Sd ve1r
e;h vk®ek ugC` Sd ca/k gqvk i'q cu tkrk g,` 'k;n vkidks i'q 'çn dk
vFZ irk u gks2 i'q 'çn dk vFZ g,] tks ikl eX ca/k gks4 ca/s gqS gksus dks gh i
'q dgrs gT4 tks ca/k g, vk,j xksy7xksy ?werk g,] ogh i'q g,4 i'q dk vFZ g, tks
ikl eX ca/k g,] ogh i'q g,4 ge lkjs yksx gh ca/ gT4 gekjs Hhrj euq‘; dk Hh
tüe ugC gks ikrk] ijek®ek rks cgqr nwj dh eafty g,2 vkneh Hh gksuk cgqr
dfOu g,4
Lk;kstuht dk uke lquk gksxk4 ;g Hh gks ldrk g, fd Lk;kstuht dgC u dgC
vkidks fey x;k gks4 lqurs gT] nks gtkj lky igys og i,nk gqvk Fk vk,j fnu d
h Hj jks'uh eX tyrh gqB ykyIsu ysdj xkaokX eX ?wek djrk Fk vk,j gj vkneh
ds psgjs ds ikl ykyIsu ys tkdj ns[rk Fk4
yksx pkTd tkrs Fs fd D;k ckr g,2 D;k ns[uk pkgrs gT] vk,j fnu dh jks'uh eX
` tc fd lwjt vkdk' eX g,] rks ykyIsu fdlfyS fyS gqS gT` fnekx [jkc g
ks x;k g,` Lk;kstuht dgrk] fnekx esjk [jkc ugC gqvk g,4 eT vkneh dh ryk
' eX gwa4 eT gj vkneh ds psgjs dks jks'uh eX ns[us dh dksf'' djrk gwa fd ;g
vkneh g, ;k ugC g,` D;kXfd psgjs cgqr /ks[k nsrs gT4 psgjkX ls ßlk ekywe gksrk
g, fd lc vkneh g, vk,j Hhrj vknfe;r dk dksB fuokl ugC gksrk4
vkneh gh gksuk dfOu g,] ijek®ek rks nwj dh eafty g,4 ysfdu ;g Hh vkils d
gwa tks vkneh gks tkrk g,] mlds fyS ijek®ek dh eafty Hh cgqr fudI gks tk
rh g,4 dk,u lh pht g,] tks geX cka/s g,] ftlds dkj< ge i'q gks tkrs gT4
Sd NksIh lh dgkuh dgwa4 mlls 'k;n b'kjk [;ky eX vk lds fd dk,u lh ph
t geX cka/s gqS gT2 dk,u lh pht ds bnZ fxnZ ge thou Hj ?wers gT vk,j u‘I g
ksrs gT@ dqN ßlh phtX gT] ftuds ihNs ge ikxy dh rjg pDdj yxkrs gT vk,j ø
;FZ gks tkrs gT4
Sd taxy ds ikl Sd NksIk lk xkao Fk4 vk,j Sd fnu lqcg Sd lezkI f'dkj
[syrs7[syrs HId x;k vk,j ml xkao eX vk;k4 jkr Hj dk Fdk ekank Fk vk,j
mls Hw[ yxh Fh4 og xkao ds igyh gh Sd >ksi\Lh ij Qdk] vk,j ml >ksi\Lh ds
cw\Ps vkneh ls dgk] D;k eq>s nks vaLs miyç/ gks ldrs gT` Fks\Lh pk; fey ld

’kwU; lekf/k
rh g,` ml cw\Ps us dgk] tWj2 ¬okxr g, vkidk2 vkbS4 og lezkI c,L x;k ml
>ksi\Lh eX4 mls pk; vk,j nks vaLs fnS xS4 ukærk dj ysus ds ckn mlus bu va
LkX dk nke iwNk4 cw\Ps vkneh us dgk] †;knk ugC dsoy ¡ºº Q4 lezkI lqu dj
rks g,jku gks x;k4 mlus cgqr egaxh phtX [jhnh FC] ysdj dHh lkspk Hh u Fk
fd nks vaLs ds nke Hh ¡ºº Q gks ldrs gT4 lezkI us cw\Ps vkneh ls iwNk] vkj
S≈t lks js;j fg;j3D;k bruk dfOu g, vaLs feyuk ;gka` cw\Pk cksyk ugC2 S≈t
vkj ukI js;j lj] cI Vd≈t vkj3vaLs rks cgqr nqyZH ugC gT] cgqr gksrs gT] ys
fdu jktk feyuk cgqr eqfædy g,4 dHh7dHh jktk feyrs gT4 lezkI us ¡ºº Q
fudky dj ml cw\Ps dks ns fnS vk,j vius ?ks\Ls ij lokj gksdj py fn;k4
ml cw\Ps dh vk,jr us dgk] d,ls tknw fd;k] fd nks vaLs ds lk, QiS olwy dj fy
S` D;k rjdhc Fh rqégkjh` cw\Ps us dgk] eT vkneh dh detksjh tkurk gwa4 ft
lds vklikl vkneh thou Hj ?werk g,] og [waIh eT tkurk gwa4 ml [waIh dks Nw
nks vk,j vkneh dk ?weuk Sdne 'qW gks tkrk g,4 eTus [waIh Nw nh vk,j jktk S
dne ?weus yxk4 mldh vk,jr us dgk] eT le>h ugC2 dk,u lh [waIh` d,ls ?weu
k`
ml cw\Ps us dgk] rq>s eT Sd ?Iuk vk,j lqukrk gwa viuh Vtnxh dh4 'k;n mlls
rq>s le> eX vk tkS4
tc eT toku Fk] rc eT Sd jkt/kuh eX x;k4 eTus ogka Sd l¬rh lh ix\Lh [j
hnh] ftlds nke rhu pkj QiS Fs4 ysfdu id\Lh c\Lh jaxhu vk,j pednkj Fh4
t,lh fd l¬rh phtX ges'k jaxhu vk,j pednkj gksrh gT4 tgka jaxhuh gks vk,j cgq
r ped gks] le> yks] Hhrj og l¬rh gksxh4 l¬rh Fh] ysfdu cgqr pednkj
Fh4 jaxhu Fh4 eT og ix\Lh yxk dj lezkI ds njckj eX igqap x;k4 lezkI dh
vka[ Sdne ls ml ix\Lh ij i\Lh4 D;kXfd nqfu;k eX ßls yksx cgqr de gT tks]
di\Ls ds vykok dqN vk,j Hh ns[rs gkX4 vkneh dks dk,u ns[rk g,` vk®ek dks d
k,u ns[rk g,` ixf\L;ka Hj fn[kB i\Lrh gT4 rks lezkI us dgk] fdrus eX [jhnh
g,` c\Lh lqanj jaxhu g,4 eTus lezkI ls dgk] iwNrs gT fdrus eX [jhnh g,` ikap g
tkj QiS [pZ fdS gT bl ix\Lh ds fyS4
lezkI rks Sdne g,jku gks x;k] ysfdu blls igys fd lezkI dqN dgrk] othj
us mlds Vlgklu ds ikl >qd dj lezkI ds dku eX dqN dgk4 mlus lezkI ds d
ku eX dgk3lko/ku4 vkneh /ks[sckt ekywe gksrk g,4 nks pkj ikap QiS dh ix\
Lh dk nek ikap gtkj QiS crk jgk g,4 csBeku g,4 ywIus ds bjkns gT4
cw\Ps us viuh i®uh ls dgk] eT Gk,ju le> x;k fd othj D;k dg jgk g,4 tks
yksx fdlh dks ywIrs jgrs gT] os nwljs ywIus okys ls lpsr gks tkrs gT4 ysfdu eT
Hh gkjus dks jkth ugC Fk4 eT okil yk,Ius yxk4 eTus ml lezkI ls dgk] D;k eT
tkMa` D;kXfd eTus ftl vkneh ls ;g ix\Lh [jhnh g,] mlus eq>s ;g opu fn;
k Fk] fd bl i1ƒoh ij Sd ßlk lezkI Hh g, tks bl ix\Lh ds ipkl gtkj Hh

’kwU; lekf/k
ns ldrk g,4 eT mlh lezkI dh [kst eX fudyk gqvk gwa4 rks eT tkMa` vki og l
ezkI ugC gT` ;g jkt/kuh og jkt/kuh ugC g,` ;g njckj og njckj ugC g,]
tgka ;g ix\Lh fcd ldsxh` ysfdu dgC fcdsxh] eT tkrk gwa4
ml lezkI us dgk] ix\Lh j[ks4 ipkl gtkj QiS ys yks4 othj cgqr g,jku gks x
;k4 tc eT ipkl gtkj QiS ysdj yk,Ius yxk] rks njokts ij othj eq>s feyk
vk,j dgk] gn dj nh2 ge Hh cgqr dq'y gT ywIus eX] ysfdu ;g rks tknw gks x
;k2 ekeyk D;k g,` rks eTus othj ds dku eX dgk fd rqégX irk gksxk fd ixf\L
;kX ds nke fdrus gksrs gT` eq>s vknfe;kX dh detksfj;kX dk irk g,] eq>s ml [wa
Ih dk irk g,] ftls Nw nks vk,j vkneh Sdne ?weus yxrk g,4
irk ugC] og cw\Ph le> ik;h ;k ugC vius ifr dh ;g ckr4 ysfdu vki le>
xS gT4 vkids galus ls eq>s vanktk yxk g, fd vkneh fdl [waIh ls ca/k g,4
vgadkj ds vfrfjDr vk,j dksB [waIh ugC g,4 tks vgadkj ls ca/k g,] og vk,j Hh
gtkj rjg ls ca/ tkSxk4 vk,j tks vgadkj ls eqDr gks tkrk g,] og vk,j lc
Hkafr Hh eqDr gks tkrk g,4
Sd gh ¬ora_rk g, thou eX] Sd gh eqfDr g,] Sd gh eks{ g, vk,j Sd gh }kj
g, izHq dk vk,j og g, vgadkj dh [waIh ls eqDr gks tkuk4 Sd gh /eZ g,] Sd gh
izkFZuk g,] Sd gh iwtk g, vk,j og g,] vgadkj ls eqDr gksuk4 ftl Ôn; eX vga
dkj ugC] ogh eafnj g,] ogh ef¬tn g,] ogh f'oky; g,4 vkt bl vafre fnu
bl rhljs Hze ds laca/ eX Fks\Lh ckr eq>s vkils dguh g,4
thou dks ns[us dh nks gh n1f‘I;ka gT vk,j thou dks thus ds nks gh Pax gT4 ;k rks
vgadkj ds bnZ7fxnZ ft;ks ;k fujadkj ds2 ;k rks bxks ds vklikl ?weks] ;k Bxks
yslusl ds4 Bxksyslusl ds4 Bxksyslusl] fujgadkj3vkdk' eX m\L tkvks4 tks vgad
kj ls ca/ g,] og i1ƒoh ls ca/k jg tkrk g,4 vkdk' dh ¬ora_rk mudh gks tkrh
g,3thou eX fojkI rd igqapus dk ekxZ [qy tkrk g,4 D;kX`
D;kXfd tks {q– ls eqDr gksrk g,] og fojkI ls la;qDr gks tkrk g,4 ;g rks xf<r
t,lk lh/k lk fu;e g,4 ;g rks Sd ;qfuolZy] Sd lkoZHk,e fu;e g,4 tks 'w– ls
ca/k g,] og fojkI ls oafpr gks tkSxk4 vk,j tks 'w– ls eqDr gks tkrk g,] og f
ojkI eX izfo‘I gks tkrk g,4
ikuh dh Sd cwan Fh4 og leq– gksuk pkgrh Fh4 og eq>ls iwNus yxh] eT leq–
d,ls gks tkMaxh` eTus ml cwan ls dgk] c\Lh NksIh] vk,j Sd gh rjdhc g,4 cwan v
xj cwan jgus dks jkth g,3cwan gh cuh jgus dk lq[ ekurh g,] rks leq– ls feyus
dk dksB jk¬rk ugC g,4 ysfdu vxj rw feIus dks jkth gks tkS] rks feIrs gh l
kxj gks tkSxh4 rks] ml cwan us esjh ckr eku yh4 og lkxj eX dwn x;h4 mlus
[ks fn;k vius dks4 mlus vius vgadkj dks /ks Lkyk4 og lkxj ls Sd gks x;h4
bls dksB [ksuk dgsxk` bls dksB feIuk dgsxk` vxj ;gh feIuk g,] rks fGj ik
uk vk,j D;k gks ldrk g,`

’kwU; lekf/k
ge vgadkj dh [waIh ls ca/s gqS gT vk,j ijek®ek ds lkxj dks [kstus fudy i\Ls
gT2 ge vgadkj ds NksIs {q– Vcnq cus gqS gT] vk,j fojkI ds] vlhe ds lkF Sd
gksus dh dkeuk us geX ihf\Lr dj j[k g,4 ge Hh buds fdukjs ls ca/ gqS gT vk,
j lkxj dh ;k_k] vKkr lkxj dh ;k_k dks geus ¬ohdkj dj fy;k g,4 bügC n
ksukX ds chp V[p7V[p dj vkneh u‘I gks tkrk g,4 og vgadkj dks Hh cpk ysu
k pkgrk g,] vk,j izHq dks Hh ik ysuk pkgrk g,4
dchj dgrs Fs] mldh xyh cgqr ladjh g,4 ogka nks ugC lek ldXxs3;k rks ogh
gks ldrk g, ;k fGj ge gks ldrs gT4 gekjk lkjk thou vgadkj dks ifjiq‘I dj
us eX ø;rhr gksrk g,] fol√tr djus eX ugC4 ge mls etcwr djrs gT] tks gekjh
ih\Lk g,4 ge mlh ?ko dks xgjk djrs gT] tks gekjk nq[ g,4 ge mlh chekjh
dks ikuh [Cprh gT] tks izk< ys ysrh g,4 vgadkj dks [Cpus ds flok; ge thou
Hj vk,j D;k djrs gT` vgadkj dks [Cpus ds flok; ge thou Hj vk,j D;k
djrs gT` fdlfyS ;g mOkrs gT edku] vkdk' dks Nw ysus okys` vkneh dks jg
us ds fyS` >wOh g, ;g ckr4 vgadkj dk fuokl cukus ds fyS4 vkneh ds jgus
ds fyS NksIs >ksi\Ls Hh dkGh gT] ysfdu vgadkj ds fyS c\Ls ls c\Ls edku Hh Nks
Is gT4 vgadkj mOkrk g, c\Ls edkukX dks fd vkdk' Nw ys4
fdlfyS fot; ;k_kSa pyrh gT` fdlfyS fldanj] usiksfy;u vk,j paxst i,nk gks
rs gT4 thus ls paxst dk] fldanj dk] usiksfy;u dk D;k ok¬rk g,` ysfdu ugC]
vgadkj dh ;k_kSa c\Lh nwj rd ys tkrh gT vkneh dks4 fldanj ftl fnu ejus
dks Fk] cgqr mnkl Fk4 fdl us iwNk] rqe brus mnkl D;kX gks` fldanj us dgk]
eT blfyS mnkl gwa fd lkjh nqfu;k eTus djhc7djhc thr yh4 vc c\Lh dfOuk
B eX i\L x;k gwa4 nwljh dksB nqfu;k gh ugC g,] ftls eT vkxs thrwa vk,j esjs Hhrj
c\Lk [kyh7[kyhiu eglwl gksrk g,4 D;kXfd tc rd eT thrrk u jgwa] rc rd
eq>s dksB p,u ugC vk,j nqfu;k lekîr gksus ds djhc vk x;h g,4 nwljh dksB nqfu
;k ugC g,4 eT D;k thrwa` vgadkj Sd nqfu;k dks thr ys rks fGj nwljh nqfu;k
dks thrus dh vkdka{k 'qW gks tkrh g,4 fdlfyS /u bdØk gksrk g,` blfyS f
d thou eX dksB vkuan fey lds`
vejhdk dk Sd cgqr c\Lk djks\Lifr ej< ',î;k ij i\Lk Fk3dkjusxh4 Sd fe_
us mlls iwNk] fdruh laifR rqeus thou eX bdØh gh g,` mlls dgk] †;knk ug
C dsoy nl vjc4 fe_ us dgk] nl vjc` vk,j dgrs gks] †;knk ugC` dkjusx
h us dgk] esjs bjkns rks lk, vjc bdØk djus ds Fs] ysfdu cq\Pkik fudI vk x;k
;kstuk v/wjh gh gj x;h4 D;k vki lksprs gT fd dkjusxh lk, vjc bdØk dj
ysrk] rks dksB GdZ i\L tkrk` tjk Hh GdZ ugC i\Lus okyk Fk4 vkneh dks ge
Hyh Hkafr tkurs gT4 dkjusxh ds ikl lk, vjc gks tkrs] rks blds bjkns gtkj v
jc ij igqap tkrs4

’kwU; lekf/k
vkneh dk bjknk mlds vkxs pyrk g,4 vkneh dh okluk mlds vkxs pyrh g,
vk,j vkneh ges'k ihNs jg tkrk g,2 eafty] ftldks og Nwuk pkgrk g, vk,j vk
xs ljd tkrh g,4 vgadkj nk,\Lrk g,] nk,\Lrk g,] ysfdu dgC Hh igqaprk ugC g,4
Sd NksIh lh dFk g, cπpkX dh4 vykbl uke dh Sd y\Ldh ¬oxZ eX igqap x;h]
ifj;kX ds ns' eX` i1ƒoh ls ¬oxZ igqaprs igqaprs cgqr Fd x;h Fh4 Hw[ yx vk
;h Fh4 ¬oxZ igqaprs gh] ifj;kX ds ns' igqaprs gh mls fn[kB i\Lk fd nwj vke d
h ?uh Nk;k ds uhps ifj;kX dh Sd jkuh [\Lh g, vk,j mlds ikl GykX vk,j feOk
b;kX ds Fky lts gT] vk,j og jkuh ml Hw[h vykbl dks cqyk jgh g,4 ikl tkrh
g,4 og fn[kB i\L jgh g,4 mldh vkokt i\Lrh g, fd vykbl vk tk2 bykbl
nk,\Luk 'qW dj nsrh g,4 lqcg g,4 lwjt fudy jgk g,4 nk,\L 'qW gks tkrh g,4 fGj
nksigj gks tkrh g,4 lwjt Mij vk x;k g, vk,j vykbl nk,\Lh pyh tk jgh g,2
og Fd x;h g,4 mlus [\Lh gksdj fp¥yk dj iwNk] d,lh nqfu;k g, rqégkjh` lqc
g ls eT nk,\L jgh gwa] ysfdu esjs rqégkjs chp dk Gklyk iwjk ugC gksrk` rqe mr
uh gh nwj ekywe i\Lrh gks jkuh2
jkuh us fp¥ykdj dgk] ?cjk er2 nk,\Lrh vk4 tks nk,\Lrs gT os igqap tkrs gT4 [\
Lh gksdj le; er [ks4 Fks\Lh nsj eX lwjt Py tkSxk vk,j lka> vk tkSxh4 nk,\
L] t¥nh vk4
vykbl vk,j rsth ls nk,\Lus yxh4 lwjt t,ls7t,ls uhps mrjus yxk] vykbl vk,j
rst nk,\L jgh g,4 ysfdu u ekywe d,lh ikxy nqfu;k g,4 jkuh mruk gh nwj3jkuh
vk,j mlds chp dk Gklyk de ugC gksrk g,4 fGj og Fddj] pdukpwj gksdj
fxj i\Lrh g,4 vk,j fp¥ykrh g,3ekeyk D;k g,2 ;s d,ls jk¬rs gT ifj;kX ds ns'
ds fd eT lqcg ls nk,\L jgh gwa4 lwjt Lwcus ds djhc vk x;k g,4 eT vc rd rqégk
js ikl igqap ugC ik;h4 rqe mruh gh nwj [\Lh gks] ftruk lqcg Fh4
og jkuh [wc galus yxh4 mlus dgk] ikxy vykbl2 ifj;kX ds ns' eX gh jk¬rs
ßls ugC g,] vknfe;kX ds ns' eX Hh jk¬rs ßls gh gT4 yksx nk,\Lrs gT ysfdu igqaprs
dHh ugC4 Gklyk mruk gh cuk jgrk g,4
tüe ds lkF vkneh tgka gksrk g,] ejus ds lkF Hh ogh ikrk g,4 dksB Gklyk iw
jk ugC gksrk4 dksB ;k_k iwjh ugC gksrh4 ftl vgadkj dks ge Nks\Lus pys gT] og
Sdne >wOh bdkB g,4 Gk¥l buIkbIh g,4 og gksrh] rks Hj Hh tkrh4 og gksrh
rks ge mls iwjk Hh dj ysrs4 og gksrh rks ge mldh iw√r dk dksB u dksB jk¬
rk [kst ysrs4 ysfdu vgadkj g, >wOh bdkB4 vkneh ds Hhrj vgadkj ls †;knk
c\Lk vl®; ugC g,4 og g, ugC4 eT t,lh dksB Hh pht 'çnkX ds vfrfjDr vk,j d
gC Hh ugC g,4 vk,j ftl fnu 'çnkX dks Nks\Ldj ge Hhrj >kadXxs] rks ogka fdlh
eT dks ugC ikSaxs4 dHh fdlh us ugC ik;k g,4
eT Sd 'çn ek_ g,] eT Sd laKk ek_ g,3Sd dkepykM 'çn2 gekjs lHh 'çn
dkepykM gT4 Sd vkneh dk uke ge jke j[ ysrs gT] Sd dk Î‘< j[ ysrs

’kwU; lekf/k
gT4 uke >wOs gT4 nwljs yksx iqdkjX] rks irk pys fd fdls iqdkj jgs gT4 nwljs dks
iqdkjus ds fyS gksrk g, uke] vk,j [qn dks id\Lus ds fyS gksrh g, eT dh bdkB]
vü;Fk ge D;k iqdkjX vius vkidks2 dgrs gT3eT4 ;g 'çn dke ns nsrk g, tho
u eX4 ysfdu ;g 'çn c\Lk >wOk g,4 blds ihNs dksB lç¬Isül ugC] ;g fcydqy ',
Lks g,4 blds ihNs dksB Hh o¬rq ugC] dksB inkFZ ugC4 ;g fcydqy >wOh Nk;k g,
vk,j bl Nk;k dks ge /jus eX] nk,\Lus eX yxs jgrs gT4 Nk;k dks gh id\Lus eX
yxs jgrs gT4
Sd laü;klh ?j ds lkeus ls fudy jgk Fk4 Sd NksIk lk cπpk ?qIus Isddj p
yrk Fk4 lqcg Fh vk,j /wi fudyh Fh vk,j ml cπps dh Nk;k vkxs c\P jgh Fh
4 og cπpk vius flj dks id\Lus ds fyS gkF ys tkrk g,] ysfdu tc rd mld
k gkF igqaprk g, Nk;k vkxs c\P tkrh g,4 cπpk Fd x;k4 vk,j jksus yxk4 mldh
eka mls le>kus yxh fd ikxy] ;g Nk;k g,2 Nk;k id\Lh ugC tkrh4 ysfdu c
πps le> ldrs gT fd D;k Nk;k g,` vk,j D;k l®; g,` tks le> ysrk g, fd D
;k Nk;k g,] vk,j D;k l®;] D;k lç¬Isül g, vk,j D;k ',Lks3og cπpk ugC jg tk
rk4 og izk,\P gks tkrk g,4 mls esπ;ksfjIh miyç/ gks tkrh g,4 cπps dHh ugC le
>rs fd Nk;k D;k g,] lius D;k g,] >wO D;k g,2 og cπpk jksus yxk4 dgk fd eq
>s rks id\Luk g, bl Nk;k ds flj dks2
og laü;klh Hh[ ekaxus vk;k Fk4 mlus mlus cπps dh eka ls dgk] eT id\Lk nsr
k gwa4 og cπps ds ikl x;k4 ml jksrs gqS cπps dh vka[kX ls vkalw Iidrs Fs4 lH
h cπpkX dh vka[kX ls Iidrs gT4 Vtnxh Hj nk,\Lrs gT vk,j id\L ugC ikrs4 mls i
d\Lus dh >wOh ;kstuk cuk;h tkrh g,4
c\Ls Hh jksrs gT vk,j cπps Hh jksrs gT4 og cπpk Hh jks jgk Fk] rks dksB uk le>
h rks ugC dj jgk Fk4 laü;klh us mlds ikl tk dj dgk] csIs jks er4 D;k rq>s
Nk;k id\Luh g,`
cπps us dgk] eT lqcg ls ijs'ku gks x;k] Fd x;k4 ml laü;klh us dgk] thou
Hj dh dksf'' djds Fd tkSxk4 ijs'ku gks tkSxk4 Nk;k dks id\Lus dk ;g j
k¬rk ugC g,4 rks cπps us iwNk fGj jk¬rk D;k g,` laü;klh us ml cπps dk gkF
id\Lk vk,j mlds flj ij j[ fn;k4 b/j gkF flj ij x;k] m/kj Nk;k ds fl
j ij Hh gkF x;k4 laü;klh us dgk] ns[ id\L yh rwus Nk;k4 Nk;k dksB lh/k
id\Lsxk] rks ugC id\L ldsxk4 ysfdu vius dks id\L ys] rks Nk;k id\L eX vk g
h tkrh g,4
tks vgadkj dks id\Lus ds fyS nk,\Lrk g,] og dHh ugC id\L ikrk4 vgadkj ek_
Nk;k g,4 ysfdu tks vk®ek dks id\L ysrk g,] mls vgadkj id\Luk vk tkrk g,4
og rks Nk;k g,] mldk dksB ew¥; ugC4 dsoy os gh yksx r1fîr dks] dsoy os gh
yksx vk®edkerk dks miyç/ gksrs gT] tks vk®ek dks miyç/ gksrs gT4 vk®ek vk,j
vgadkj ds chp pquko g,4 vk®ek vk,j vgadkj ds chp lkjk fod¥i g,4 vk®ek

’kwU; lekf/k
vk,j vgadkj ds chp thou dh lkjh ø;o¬Fk] lkjh ih\Lk g,4 tks vgadkj dh rj
G tkrs gT os HId tkrs gT4 os xyr [waIh ds vkl7ikl thou dks pdjhyk cuk
yXxs4 ysfdu tks vgadkj ls ihNs gIrs gT os iky ysrs gT4 tks mldh rjG tkrs gT]
os HId tkrs gT4
tks Hhrj g,] tks eT gwa o¬rqrA] tks esjk v®;afrd chbax g,] tks mlh rjG tkrs gT
] os miyç/ gks tkrs gT4 vk,j muds fyS Nk;kSa ns[us dks ugC jg tkrh4 nqfu;k
eX nks rgh rjg dh ;k_kSa gT3Sd vgadkj dks Hjus dh ;k_k g,4 vk,j nwljh v
k®ek dks miyç/ djus dh ;k_k g,4 tks vgadkj ls ca/ tkrs gT] os vk®ek ls oafp
r jg tkrs gT4
D;k ge ;g vgadkj Nks\Lus dh dksf'' djX` ugC] vxj Nks\Lus dh dksf'' dh]
rks vgadkj ls dHh eqDr ugC gks ldXxs4 Nk;k u rks id\Lh tk ldrh g, vk,j u
Nks\Lh tk ldrh g,4 tks pht Nks\Lh tk ldrh g,] u id\Lh tk ldrh g,4 vgadkj
u id\Lk tk ldrk g,] u Nks\Lk tk ldrk g,4 blfyS id\Lus okys rks Hwy eX i\
Lrs gh gkXxs4 Nks\Lus okys vk,j Hh c\Lh Hwy eX i\L tkrs gT4
eT dqN fnu Sd laü;klh ds ikl Qdk Fk4 og eq>ls dgrs Fs] eTus yk[kX Qi;kX i
j ykr ekj nh4 eTus muls iwNk] ;g ykr dc ekjh Fh vkius` dgus yxs] dksB
rhl o"Z gks xS4 rks eT us dgk] vki ukjkt u gkX rks Sd ckr dgwa vk,j ukjkt
gksus dk blfyS dg nsrk gwa] D;kXfd laü;kfl;kX dh ukjkt gksus dh cgqr iqjkuh v
knr g,4 c\Lh iqjkuh ijaijk g,4 vfH'ki ns ldrs gT4 tüe7tüe fcxk\L ldrs gT4
rks vxj ukjkt u gkX] rks Sd ckr iwNwa4 esjs bruk dgrs gh] ukjkt rks os gks g
h xS4 fGj Hh mügkXus dgk] gka] dfgS D;k dgrs gT`
eTus dgk] rhl o"Z igys ;g ykr ekjh Fh vkius4 rks ykr Ohd yx ugC ik;h
Fh4 ugC rks rhl o"Z rd mldh ¬e1fr] mldh ;kn dh dksB tWjr ugC Fh4 rh
l o"Z igys vkidk vgadkj dgrk gksxk yk[kX QiS gT esjs ikl4 eT dqN gwa4 lec
Lh gwa4 fGj vkius ykr ekjh4 vkius lkspk fd yk[kX QiS Nks\L fnS] rks vgadkj
pyk tkSxk4 ugC] ftl fnu ls vkius yk[kX QiS Nks\Ls] mlh fnu ls vkids vga
dkj eX u;h ok<h cuuh 'qW gks x;h4 og dgus yxs] eTus yk[kX QiS Nks\L fnS4
yk[kX QiS Fs] rks Hh l\Ld ij vd\L dj pyrs Fs4 yk[kX QiS Nks\L fnS] rks
vk,j Hh †;knk vd\L dj pyus yxs4 QiS dh vd\L rks fn[k;h i\Lrh g,] og c\
Lh ¬Fwy g,4 ysfdu ®;kx dh vd\L fn[kB Hh ugC i\Lrh] c\Lh lw”e g,4 /u Nks\L
nsus ls vgadkj ugC NwIrk4 in Nks\L nsus ls vgadkj ugC NwIrk4 ?j Nks\L nsus ls
vgadkj ugC NwIrk4 vgadkj g, Hh ugC] fd Nks\Lk tk lds4 rks tks Hh vki Nks\LX
xs] vgadkj mlh Nks\Lus dks viuk midj< cuk ysxk vk,j dgsxk] eTus Nks\Lk2 eT gwa
Nks\Lus okyk2 vgadkj ds jk¬rs c\Ls lw”e gT4 Nk;k c\Lh lw”e g,4 id\L eX ugC vk
rh] Nks\Lus eX ugC vkrh4 tks yksx lksprs gT fd vgadkj Nks\L nXxs] vk,j Hh c\Lh

’kwU; lekf/k
Hwy eX fxj tkrs gT4 vkt rd fdlh us vgadkj dks Nks\Lk Hh guC g,4 fGj vgadk
j id\Lk Hh ugC tk ldrk vk,j Nks\Lk Hh ugC tk ldrk4
rks ge D;k djX` vgadkj tkuk tk ldrk g,4 vgadkj igpkuk tk ldrk g,4 vga
dkj dh fjdxuh'u gks ldrh g,4 vgadkj dh izfrfHKk gks ldrh g,4 vgadkj d
k cks/ gks ldrk g,4 vgadkj ds izfr tkxWd gks ldrs gT4 tks vkneh vgadkj ds
izfr tkxWd gks tkrk g, mldk vgadkj fol√tr gks tkrk g,4 euq‘; dh fu–k
eX vgadkj g,] euq‘; ds tkxj< eX ugC4 t,ls gh dksB tkx dj ns[us dh dksf''
djrk g, fd dgka g, vgadkj] o,ls gh gIus yxrk g,4
Sd xkao eX Sd ?j Fk4 ml ?j eX c\Lk va/sjk Fk4 dksB gtkj lky ls va/sjk F
k4 xkao ds yksx ml ?j eX ugC tkrs Fs4 eT ml xkao eX x;k4 eTus dgk] bl ?j
dks ßlk gh D;kX Nks\L j[k g,` xkao okykX us dgk] bl ?j eX gtkjkX lkykX ls va
/sjk g,4 eTus dgk] va/sjs dh dksB rkdr gksrh g,` fn;k tykvks vk,j Hhrj igqap
tkvks2 mügkXus dgk] fn;k tykus ls D;k gksxk` ;g jkr dk va/sjk ugC g,] gtk
jkX lky dk va/sjk g,4 gtkjkX lky rd fnS tykvks] rc dgC [re gks ldrk g,
2
xf<r fcydqy Ohd Fk] fcydqy ykftdy] rk√dd Fh ;g ckr4 eT Hh Ljk4 ck
r rks Ohd gh Fh4 gtkjkX lky ls f?jk va/dkj2 dgC Sd fn;k tykus ls og nw
j gks ldrk g,` fGj Hh eTus dgk3Sd dksf'' Hh rks djds ns[ yX4 D;kXfd Vt
nxh eX dB ckj xf<r dke ugC djrk vk,j rdZ ø;FZ gks tkrk g,4 Vtnxh c\Lh
vuwOh g,4 og rdk˜ ds ikl pyh tkrh g, vk,j xf<r ls nwj fudy tkrh g,4 xf<
r eX ges'k nks vk,j nks pkj gksrs gT4 Vtnxh eX dHh ikap Hh gks tkrs gT] vk,j r
hu Hh gks ldrs gT4 Vtnxh xf<r ugC g,4 rks pyX] ns[ yX4 os yksx jkth ugC gq
S vk,j dgk] tkus ls Gk;nk D;k g,` geX ugC ilan g, ;g ckr2 gekjs cki nkns
Hh ;gh dgrs Fs4 mügkXus dgk g, fd fn;k er tykuk4 gtkjkX lky dk va/sjk g,4
cki nknkX us Hh ;gh dgk Fk4 vk,j vki rks ijaijk ds c\Ls fojks/h ekywe gksrs
gT` vki 'k¬_kX dks ugC ekurs` cqtqxk˜ dks ugC ekurs` os uk le> Fs` gekjs x
kao eX rks fy[k gqvk j[k g, fd bl ?j eX fn;k er tykuk2 ;g gtkjkX lky d
k iqjkuk va/sjk g,] feI ugC ldrk4 fGj Hh eTus mügX ceqfædy jkth fd;k] fd
pyks ns[ rks yX4 vf/d ls vf/d ;gh gksxk fd ge vlGy gkXxs4 eqfædy ls os
tkus dks jkth gqS4 fn;k tyrs gh] ogka rks dksB Hh va/sjk ugC jgk Fk4 os cgqr
g,jku gqS4 mügkXus dgk] ;g va/sjk dgka x;k`
eTus dgk] fn;k gkF eX g,4 vk,j [kstX fd dgka g, va/sjk4 vk,j vxj fdlh fnu fe
y tkS] rks eq>s [cj dj nX4 eT fGj rqégkjs xkao eX vkMaxk4 vHh rd mudh
dksB [cj ugC vk;h4 [kst jgs gkXxs os yksx nhS ysdj va/sjs dks2 vk,j dgC nhS
ds lkeus va/sjk vkrk g,` dgC nhS eX va/sjk feyrk g,`

’kwU; lekf/k
vgadkj Sd va/dkj g,] Sd Nk;k g,4 tks vius Hhrj fn;k ysdj tkrk g,] og
mls ugC ikrk4 u rks mls Nks\Lrk g,] u mlls Hkxrk g,4 Sd fnS tykuk g, vk,j
mls ns[uk g,4 ml nh;k dh jks'uh ls fd og dgka g,4 vc geX Hhrj tkx dj
ns[uk g, fd dgka g, va/dkj2 ugC ik;k tkrk g, ogka4 vk,j tgka vgadkj ugC ik
;k tkrk g,] ogka tks fey tkrk g,] mlh dks ijek®ek dgrk g,] dksB vk®ek dg
rk g,] dksB l®; dgrk g,] mlh dks dksB lkTn;Z dgrk g,] mlh dks dksB vk,j uk
e nsrk g,4
ukekX ds Hsn gksrs gT4 vgadkj tgka ugC g,] ogka Hh fey tkrk g, tks lcdk izk<kX
dk izk< g,] tks î;kjs ls î;kjk g,4 og tks foyhÏ g,] og tks izhre g,] og foyqî
r gks tkrk g,4 ysfdu ge mlls ca/s gT vk,j mlh ds lkF thrs vk,j ejrs gT] bl
fyS mldh rjG vka[ ugC ys tk ikrs4 bls ns[uk tWjh g,] bls Nks\Luk tWjh
ugC g,4 blls Hkxuk tWjh ugC g,] bls igpkuuk tWjh g,4
vgadkj dks ns[us dh izf∂;k dk uke ÷;ku g,] esfLIs'u g,4 d,ls ns[X bls] tks fd
geX ?sjs gqS g, vk,j id\Ls gqS gT` D;k g, jk¬rk` dksB ?\Lh vk/h ?\Lh fdlh eaf
nj eX c,O tkus ls ;g ugC ns[k tk ldrk4 eafnj eX c,Ous okykX dks rks ;g vk,j
Hh etcwr gks tkrk g,] D;kXfd mügX [;ky gksrk g,] fd ge /k√ed g,4 ckdh l
kjk txr v/k√ed g,4 D;kXfd ge eafnj vkrs gT vk,j gekjk ¬oxZ cuk tkrk g, v
k,j ckdh lc udZ eX [\Ls gT4
D;k vkidks irk g, fd BlkB etgc ds fgek;fr;kX dh jk; g, fd tks yksx lar
gT] tks /k√ed g,] os ¬oxZ ds vkuan mOkSaxs4 tks ikih gT os udZ eX d‘I HksxXxs4 ¬
oxZ eX tks /k√ed yksx tkSaxs] mügX Sd fo's" izdkj ds lq[ dh Hh lqfo/k jgsx
h vk,j og ;g fd udZ eX tks ikih d‘I Hksx jgs gT] mudks ns[us dk etk Hh os
ys ldXxs4 ogka ls os ns[ ldXxs fd fdrus ikih udZ eX i\L xS gT vk,j d‘I >sy
jgs gT4 ftu yksxkX us ;g [;ky fd;k gksxk] iq≤;k®ekvkX us] /k√edkX us] fd ikf
i;kX dks udZ eX d\LkgkX eX tyrs nq[us dk etk Hh ge yXxs] os d,ls yksx jgs gkXxs
bls vki Hyh Hkafr lksp ldrs gT4 vk,j ;g Blkb;r dk gh loky ugC g,4 nqf
u;k ds lkjs /k√ed3rFkdfFr /k√ed yksxkX us vius dks ¬oxZ eX ys tkus dh vk,
j nwljkX dks udZ eX Lkyus dh iwjh ;kstuk vk,j ø;o¬Fk dj j[h g,2 D;kXfd os ;
g dg ldrs gT Hxoku ls fd eT jkst rqégkjs ukd dh ekyk Gsjrk Fk vk,j bl
vkneh us ekyk ugC Gsjh] bldks Lkyks d\Lkgs eX4 eT jkst eafnj vkrk Fk] Sd fn
u Hh ugC pqdk4 OaL i\Lrh Fh] rc Hh vkrk Fk4 xeñ i\Lrh Fh] rc Hh vkrk
Fk4 ;g vkneh dHh eafnj eX ugC fn[kB fn;k4 Lkyks bldks d\Lkgs eX4 eT xhrk
i\Prk Fk dqjku i\Prk Fk] ckbfcy i\Prk Fk] jkst rqégkjs Htu dhrZu djrk Fk
4 ø;FZ xS os lc4 eq>s c,Okvks ¬oxZ eX4 ysfdu etk brus eX ugC vk;sxk dh eT ¬
oxZ eT c,O tkMa4 tks esjs i\Lksl eX jgrs Fs mu lc yksxkX dks fcuk udZ eX Lkys
dksB vkuan miyç/ ugC gks ldrk4 mu lcdks Lkyks udZ eX2 teZu dfo Fk gsl4

’kwU; lekf/k
gsl us Sd dfork fy[h g, fd Sd jkr Hxoku us eq>ls iwNk] fd rqe pkgrs

D;k gks ftlls [q' gks tkvks4 rks eTus dgk] eT cgqr c\Lk edku pkgrk gwa] ßlk f
d xkao eX nwljk edku u gks4 Hxoku us dgk] Ohd g,] ;g gks tkSxk4 vk,j D;k
pkgrs gks` Sd cgqr 'kunkj cxhpk pkgrk gwa6 t,lk fd i1ƒoh ij u gks4 Hxok
u us dgk] Ohd] ;g Hh gks tkSxk4 vk,j D;k pkgrs gks` eT tks Hh ftl {< pk
gwa mlh oDr eq>s fey tkS4 Hxoku us dgk] ;g Hh gks tkSxk vk,j D;k pkgrs
gks`
gsl us dgk] vxj vki ekurs gh ugC vk,j esjs fny dh eqjkn iwjh gh djuk pkg
rs gT] rks Sd dke vk,j dj nX4 esjs cxhps ds tks nj“r gkX] esjs i\Lkslh mu nj“
rkX ls yIds jgX] rks eq>s iwjk vkuan miyç/ gks tkSxk4
uCn [qy x;h gsl dh vk,j mlus ckn eX fy[k fd og cgqr ?cjk;k fd esjs Hh
rj d,lh7d,lh dkeukSa gT4 ysfdu vxj vki /k√ed vknfe;kX ds eu eX [kstXxs4
rks lcds eu eX ;g dkeuk feysxh fd i\Lkslh udZ eX pys tkS vk,j ge ¬oxZ eX
pys tkS4 ge ¬oxZ eX tkus ds fyS lkjk vk;kstu djrs gT4
eafnj eX c,Ous okys vgadkj ls eqDr ugC gksrs4 ¬oxZ eX tkus dh dkeuk j[us ok
ys vgadkjh gh gT4 eq>s ijek®ek fey tkS4 eT ijek®ek dks Hh itsl dj ywa2 b
l esjh laifR cu tkS4 ;g Hh vgadkj dh nk,\L g,4
fGj d,ls`
pk,chl ?aIs tkxWd gksuk i\Lrk g, vk,j ns[uk i\Lrk g, fd thou dh fdu7fdu f
∂;kvkX eX vgadkj [\Lk gksrk g,4 D;k o¬_kX ds iguus ls [\Lk gksrk g,` vka[ ds
ns[us ds Pax eX [\Lk gksrk g,` i,j ds mOus eX [\Lk gksrk g,] cksyus eX [\Lk gksrk
g,] fd pqi jg tkus eX [\Lk jgrk g,` dgka7dgka vgadkj [\Lk gksrk g,` fdu7f
du txgkX ls flj mOkrk g,` pk,chl ?aIs Sd vos;jusl] Sd gks' pkfgS fd d
gka [\Lk gks jgk g,2 d,ls [\Lk gksrk g,` D;k g, mldh dksf''` mlds [\Ls gksus
dh izf∂;k D;k g,` d,ls fu√er gksrk g, Hhrj` d,ls la?fIr gksrk g,` D;k ekxZ
g, mlds cu tkus dk`
vxj dksB pk,chl ?aIs ns[rk jgs] ns[rk jgs] [kstrk jgs] [kstrk jgs3yksx cgqr
g,jkuh] cgqr vkæp;Z] cgqr pe®dkj vuqHo djXxs4 ftu7ftu txgkX ij [kst yX
xs] fd ;gka7;gka vgadkj [aL gksrk g, ogC7ogC ls vgadkj fcnk gks tkSxk] vk,j
ftl fnu thou ds fdlh igyw eX vk,j fpR ds fdlh fg¬ls eX vgadkjkX dh [kst
iwjh gks tkSxh] rks dksB vutku] vifjfpr gksuk ckdh ugC jgsxk eu dk vk,j
ekbaL dk2 mlh fnu vgadkj ckgj gks tkrs gT4
Sd lezkI Fk4 Sd Gdhj us ml lezkI ls dgk3rw vxj pkgrk g, fd ijek®ek
dks ik ys] rks Sd gh jk¬rk g,4 esjs >ksi\Ls ij vk tk vk,j dqN fnu esjs ikl jg
tk4 ml lezkI dh c\Lh rhoz î;kl vk,j vkdka{k Fh4 ml Gdhj ds >ksi\Ls ij
pyk x;k4 ml Gdhj us dgk] dy lqcg rsjh f'{k 'qW gksxh vk,j f'{k c\Lh v

’kwU; lekf/k
thc fd¬e dh g,4 og ;g g, fd dy lqcg rw tks dqN Hh dj jgk gksxk vk,j eT

yd\Lh dh ryokj ysdj rsjs ihNs ls geyk dj nwaxk4 rw [kuk [k jgk gksxk4 rw
>ksi\Ls eX cqgkjh yxk jgk gksxk] rw di\Ls /ks jgk gksxk] rw ¬uku djrk gksxk vk,
j eT rsjs Mij ryokj ls geyk dj nwaxk4 yd\Lh dh ryokj gksxh4 ges'k lko/
ku jguk fd eT dc geyk dj nwa2 D;kXfd esjk dksB fOdkuk ugC2 eT [kst [cj
ugC nwaxk4 igys jsfL;ks eX lwpuk ugC fudkywaxk4 v[ckj eX] ¬Fkuh; dk;Z∂e eX
lwpuk ugC gksxh fd vkt ls ;g djus okyk gwa4 fdlh Hk"k eX] dksB flyflyk
ugC gksxk4 fdlh Hh {< eT geyk dj nwaxk4 r,;kj jguk4
ml lezkI us dgk] ysfdu blls vkidks eryc D;k g,`
og Gdhj cksyk] vgadkj blh Hkafr pk,chl ?aIs u ekywe dgka7dgka ls geys dj
ns4 rks eT geyk dWaxk2 esjh ryokj dk [;ky j[uk4 lkr fnu eX lezkI dh
gÒh ilfy;ka IwI x;h4 D;kXfd pk,chlkX ?aIs og cw\Pk Gdhj u ekywe dc geyk
dj ns2 og lezkI fdrkc i\Prk] ysfdu lkr fnu eX ;g Hh mlds [;ky eX vk
x;k fd lko/kuh t,lh Hh dksB pht] vyIZusl t,lh Hh dksB pht g,4 Vtnxh eX
igyh nGk mls irk pyk fd eT vHh rd lks;k3lks;k thrk jgk4 vHh rd eT
gks' ls ugC th;k4 dHh eTus gks' dk [;ky gh ugC fd;k] ysfdu lkr fnu cjk
cj pquk,rh feyh4 pksI yxh Hhrj] dksB pht tkxus yxh vk,j [;ky j[us yxh
fd geyk gksus dks g,4 ia–g fnu iwjs gks xS Fs4 geys dh [cj mls feyus yxh4
xqQ ds i,j dh /heh lh vkgI Hh mls lqukB i\L tkrh Fh4 og viuh Pky laHk
y ysrk vk,j geys ls cp tkrk4 rhu eghus iwjs gks xS4 geys dk djuk Hh eqfæ
dy gks x;k4 fdlh Hh gkyr eX geyk fd;k tkS] og ges'k lko/ku jgrk vk,
j jksd ysrk
mlds xqQ us dgk] Sd ikO rsjk iwjk gks x;k2 dy ls nwljk ikO pysxk4 vk,j m
lus iwNk fd bu rhu eghukX eX rq>s D;k gqvk` lezkI us dgk] nks ckrX gqB4 eT g,
jku gks x;k4 igys rks eT Lj x;k Fk fd bl yd\Lh dh ryokj ls pksI igqapkus
dk vk,j ijek®ek ls feyus dk D;k ok¬rk g,] D;k laca/ g,` ;g Gdhj ikxy r
ks ugC g,` eT fdlh ikxy ds pDdj eX rks ugC i\L x;k gwa` ysfdu rhu eghus c
kn eq>s irk pyk fd ftruk eT lko/ku jgus yxk] mruk gh fu√opkj gks x;k4
ftruk gh eT gks' ls thus yxk] mruk gh eu ds fopkjkX dh /kjk {h< gks x;h4
D;kXfd eu Sd gh lkF nks dke ugC dj ldrk3;k rks fopkj dj ldrk g, ;
k tkxWd gks ldrk g,4 nksukX phtX Sd lkF ugC gks ldrh4
bldks Fks\Lk ns[uk4 tc fopkj gkXxs lko/kuh {h< gks tkSxh4 tc lko/kuh gksx
h] fopkj {h< gks tkSaxs4
vxj eT Sd Nqjh ysdj vkidh Nkrh ij vk tkMa] rks fopkj Sdne can gks tk
rk g,4 D;kXfd [rjs ls fpR iwjh rjg lko/ku gks tkSxk fd irk ugC D;k gksxk

’kwU; lekf/k
` bl le; fopkj djus dh lqfo/k ugC g,] bl le; rks gks' cukS j[us dh
tWjr g, fd irk ugC D;k gksxk2
Sd {< eX dqN gks ldrk g,] rks vki tkx tkSaxs4 rhu eghus eX ml lezkI us
dgk fd eT Sdne tkxk gqvk gks x;k gwa4 fopkj 'kar gks xS] vgadkj dk dksB
irk ugC pyrk4 nwljk ikO D;k g,`
ml o10 Gdhj us dgk] dy jkr fGj geyk 'qW gksxk4 dy rw jkr eX lks;k jgs
xk rc Hh nks pkj nGk lkeus vkMaxk4 vc jkr dks Hh lko/ku jguk4 ml lez
kI us dgk] tkxus rd Hh xuher Fh4 vc ;g ckr tjk †;knk gks tkrh g,4 uC
n eX eT D;k dWaxk` esjk D;k cl g, uCn eX` o10 us dgk] uCn eX Hh cl g,] rq
>s irk ugC4 lius eX Hh tc rw ns[rk g,] rks ogh ns[rk g,4 uCn eX Hh cl g,4
uCn eX Hh rsjs Hhrj dksB txk gqvk g, vk,j gks' eX g,4 pknj ljd tkrh g, vk,
j fdlh dks uCn eX irk py tkrk g, fd pknj ljd x;h g,4 Sd NksIk lk eπ
Nj dkIus yxrk g, vk,j uCn eX dksB tku tkrk g, fd eπNj vk x;k g,4
Sd eka jkr eX lksprh g, fd esjk cπpk chekj g,4 vkdk' eX ckny xjtrs jgX
;k iz/kueaf_;kX ds gokB tgkt m\Lrs jgX] Maps ls dksB [cj ugC feyrh] ysfdu
cπpk chekj g,4 og tjk lh vkokt djrk g, vk,j eka tkx tkrh g, vk,j gkF
Gsjus yxrh g, vk,j iqpdkjus yxrh g, fd lks tk2 dksB Hhrj gks' ls Hjk gqvk
g, fd cπpk chekj g,4
ge brus yksx vkS gT] ge lks tkS vkt jkr ;gC] vk,j fGj vk/h jkr eX vkd
j dksB cqykus yxs] jke2 jke2 lkjs yksx lks jgs gT] fdlh dks lquk;h ugC i\Lsxk4
ysfdu ftldk uke jke g,] og vka[ [ksydj dgsxk] dk,u cqykrk g,` vk/h jk
r dks dk,u ijs'ku djrk g,`
Sd vk/h jkr dh fu–k eX Hh fdlh dks irk g, fd esjk uke jke g,4 bl uCn
eX Hh dksB gks'] dksB dka'lusl ljdrh g, Hhrj2 dksB vanj djXI g,] psruk g,]
dksB varj/kjk g,4
ml cw\Ps us dgk] fGdj er dj4 ge oks pquk,rh [\Lh djXxs4 Hhrj tks lks;k g,]
og tkxuk 'qW gks tkSxk4 tkxus dk Sd gh lw_ g,] p,yXt] pquk,rh2 ftruh c\Lh
pquk,rh Hhrj gks] mruk c\Lk tkxj< gksrk g,4 fdrus /ü;Hkxh gT os yksx ftu
ds thou eX c\Lh pquk,fr;ka gksrh gT4 nwljs fnu ls geyk 'qW gksxk4
jkr lezkI lksrk vk,j geys gksrs4 vkO nl fnu eX fGj ogh gkyr gks x;h4 fGj
gÒh7gÒh nq[us yxh4 ysfdu Sd eghuk iwjk gksrs7gksrs lezkI dks irk pyk fd
cw\Pk Ohd dgrk g,4
cw\Ps vDlj Ohd dgrs gT4 ysfdu toku lqurs gh ugC4 vk,j tc rd mügX le>
vkrh g,] rc rd os Hh cw\Ps gks tkrs gT4 fGj nwljh tokuh mueX yk,I ugC ldr
h4 rks le>k vk,j mlus dgk] Ohd dgrs Fs 'k;n vki2 vc uCn eX Hh esjs gkF
laHyus yxs4 jkr] uCn geX tWj vkrh] ncs] pksj iko2

’kwU; lekf/k
og lezkI uCn ex Hh tkx tkrk vk,j c,O tkrk vk,j dgrk] Ohd g,2 ekG dhf
tS2 eT tkx x;k gwa4 vc d‘I er mOkbS ekjus dk4
uCn eX Hh gkF] jkr Hj mldh Pky ij gh cuk jgrk Fk4 uCn eX Hh Pky mO
rh g,4 rhu eghus iwjs gqS vk,j rc uCn eX Hh geyk djuk eqfædy gks x;k4 xqQ
us dgk] D;k gqvk bu rhu eghukX eX` nwljk ikO iwjk gksrk g,4
ml lezkI us dgk] c\Lk g,jku gwa4 igys rhu eghukX eX fopkj [ks x;k] nwljs rhu
eghukX eX lius [ks xS] uCn [ks x;h] jkr Hj lius ugC4 eT rks lksprk Fk fd
fcuk lius ds uCn gh ugC gks ldrh4 vc eT tkurk gwa fd lius okykX dh Hh
dksB uCn gksrh g,4 vnHqr 'kafr Nk x;h g, Hhrj2 Sd 'wü;rk] Sd lkbyXl i,nk
gks x;h4 eT c\Ls vkuan eX gwa4
mlds xqQ us dgk] t¥nh er dj2 c\Lk vkuan vHh Fks\Lk nwj g,4 ;g rks dsoy v
kuan dh izkjafHd >yd g,4 t,ls dksB vkneh cxhps ds ikl igqapus yxs] rks OaLh
gokSa vkus yxrh gT] [q'cw gok eX vk tkrh g,4 vHh cxhpk vk;k ugC] ysfdu
cxhps dh [cj vkuk 'qW gks tkrh g,4 vHh vkuan feyk ugC4 dsoy ckgj [cj
dk feyuk 'qW gqvk g,4 dy ls rsjk rhljk ikO 'qW gksxk4
mlus dgk] nks gh vo¬FkSa gksrh gT tkxus vk,j lksus dh2 rhljk ikO D;k g,`
ml cw\Ps us dgk] dy ls vlyh ryokj ls geyk gksxk4
og ;qod lezkI cksyk] ;g Hh xuher Fh fd vki yd\Lh dh ryokj ls geyk
djrs Fs4 ;g rks tjk †;knk gks tkSxh ckr2 vlyh ryokj ls geyk` vxj eT
Sd Hh ckj pwd x;k rks tku x;h2 ml cw\Ps us dgk] tc ;g iDdk irk gks fd
Sd Hh ckj pwdk fd tku x;h] rc dksB ugC pqdrk g,4 pwdrk vkneh rHh r
d g,] tc rd mls irk pyrk g, fd pwd Hh tkMa] dqN tkSxk rks ugC2 Sd c
kj irk pyk fd pwdk vk,j tku x;h] rc izk< brus MtkZ ls pyrs gT fd fGj
pqdus dk dksB ek,dk ugC jgrk4 cw\Pk dgrk x;k] esjk xqQ Fk4 mlus eq>s Sd f
nu] lk, GwI Maps nj“rs ij p\Pk fn;k4 og eq>s nj“r ij p\Pkuk fl[krk] igk\LkX
ij p\Puk fl[krk] ufn;kX eX r,juk fl[krk] >hykX eX Lwcuk fl[krk4
og dgrk Fk3tks igk\L ij p\Puk ugC tkurk g,] og thou eX p\Puk D;k tkusx
k` tks >hykX eX xgjkb;kX eX Lwcuk ugC tkurk og izk<kX dh xgjkb;kX eX Lwcuk D
;k tkusxk` c\Lk vthc xqQ Fk4 mlus eq>s Sd nj“r ij p\Pk fn;k4 eT u;k7u;
k p\Pk Fk4 tc eT lks GwI Mij igqap x;k vk,j esjs izk< dkairs Fs fd gok dk S
d >kXdk dgC tkuysok u cu tkS2
og xqQ pqipki vka[ can fdS is\L ds ikl c,Ok Fk4 eT /hjs7/hjs mrjus yxk4 t
c eT tehu eX fcydqy djhc vk x;k] dksB vkO nl GwI nwj jg x;k] rc og
cw\Pk t,ls uCn ls mO x;k vk,j [\Lk gks x;k4 dgus yxk4 lko/ku2 csIs laHy dj
mrjuk4

’kwU; lekf/k
eTus dgk] ikxy gks xS gT vki2 tc tWjr Fh lko/kuh dh] rc vka[ can fdS
lius ns[ jgs Fs vk,j vc] tc eT uhps vk x;k gwa] vxj fxj Hh tkMa rks dksB
[rjk ugC g,] rc vkidks gksf';kjh dh ;kn fnykus dks [;ky vk;k`
og cw\Pk dgus yxk] eT vius vuqHo ls tkurk gwa] tc rw lk, GwI ij Fk] rc lk
o/ku djus dh dksB tWjr ugC Fh4 rw [qn gh lko/ku Fk4 vk,j vHh7vHh eTus
ns[k g, fd t,ls7t,ls tehu djhc vkus yxh g,] rqe vlko/ku 'qW gks xS4 uCn
id\L x;h g, rq>s2 rks eTus fp¥yk;k fd lko/ku2 D;kXfd eTus thou eX ns[k g, f
d yksx MapkB ls dHh ugC fxjrs] uhps vkus ij fxj tkrs gT vk,j ej tkrs gT4
nwljs fnu ls vlyh ryokj vk x;h Fh4 ysfdu c\Lk g,jku gqvk og lezkI2 yd\
Lh dh ryokj dh rks cgqr pksIX mlds 'kjhj ij yxh FC] ysfdu vlyh ryok
j dh rhu eghus eX Sd Hh pksI ugC ekjh tk ldh4 rhu eghus isjs gksus dks vk
xS4 mldk eu 'kafr dk Sd ljksoj cu x;k4 mldk vgadkj dgC nwj NwI x
;k fdlh jk¬rs ij3irk ugC] dgka jg x;k2
t,ls th<Z 'h<Z o¬_ NwI tkrs gT ;k lkai vius dXpqy Nks\Ldj vkxs c\P tkrs gT]
o,ls gh og dgC Nks\L vk;k ihNs mldks ;kn Hh ugC jgk fd dHh eT Hh Fk3br
uh 'kafr gks x;h4
rhu eghus iwjs gksus dk vk xS gT4 vkt vkf[jh fnu g,4 dy og fcnk gks tkSx
k4 mlds eu eX [;ky vk;k] lqcg7lqcg lwjt fudyk g,4 og c,Ok g, >ksi\Ls ds c
kgj4 mldk xqQ dkGh nwj Sd nj“r ds uhps c,Ok g, vk,j fdrkc i\P jgk g,4 v¬
lh lky dk o102 mlds eu eX [;ky vk;k g,4 ml cw\Ps us uk, eghus rd eq>s S
d {< Hh vky¬; eX ugC tkus fn;k4 Sd {< Hh izekn ugC djus fn;k4 ges'k
lko/ku j[k4 dy rks eT fcnk gks tkMaxk ;g xqQ Hh mruk lko/ku g, ;k ugC
] ;g Hh rks eT ns[ ywa2
rks mlus lkspk fd mOkMa ryokj vk,j vkt ml cw\Ps ij ihNs ls geyk dj nwa4 eq
>s Hh rks irk py tkS] fd geX gh lko/ku fd;k tkrk g, ;k ;s l†tu [qn Hh
lko/ku gT2 mlus bruk lkspk gh Fk] flGZ lkspk gh Fk3vHh dqN fd;k ugC
Fk] vk,j og xqQ fp¥yk;k ml >k\L ds uhps ls fd csIs] ßlk er djuk] eT cw\Pk
vkneh gwa2 eTus dsoy lkspk g,2
rks mls cw\Ps us dgk] rw Fks\Ls fnu vk,j Ogj tk2 tc fpR fcydqy 'kar gks tkrk
g,] vk,j ek,u gks tkrk g,] rc lkjs vgadkj Sdne fcnk gks tkrs gT4 vk,j tc f
opkj 'wü; vk,j 'kar gks tkrs gT rc nwljs ds i,jkX dh ÷ofu gh ugC lqukB i\Lrh]
nwljkX ds fpR dh in ÷ofu;ka Hh lqukB i\Lus yx tkrh gT4 rc nwljkX ds fopkj
kX ds i,j Hh lqukB i\Lus yx tkrs gT fopkj Hh lqukB i\Lus yxrs gT4
vk,j ge rks ßls va/s gT] fd geX nwljkX ds Î®; gh fn[kB ugC i\Lrs4 fopkjkX dk
lqukB i\Luk rks cgqr nwj dh ckr g,4

’kwU; lekf/k
ml cw\Ps us dgk Fk] ftl fnu bruk 'kar gks tkrk g, fpR] bruk tkxWd] rks
mlh fnu og tks vn1æ; g,] mldh >yd feyrh g,4 ml ijek®ek ds i,j lqukB
i\Lus yxrs gT] ftlds dksB i,j ugC gT4 ml ijek®ek dh ok<h vkus yxrh g,] f
tldh dksB ok<h ugC g,4 ml ijek®ek dk ¬i'Z feyus yxrk g,] ftldh dksB ns
g ugC4
ftl fnu gekjs Hhrj og fj¬isfDIfoIh] og xzkgdrk m®iU gksrh g, 'kafr dh m
lh fnu og lc rjG ek,twn gks tkrk g,4 fGj o1{ dh ifR;kX eX ogh g,] jkg ds
i®FjkX eX ogh g,] lkxj dh ygjkX ex Hh vkdk' ds cknykX eX Hh] vknfe;kX
dh vka[kX eX Hh] i'q7if{;kX ds izk<kX eX Hh3fGj lceX ogh g,4
ftl fnu Hhrj og fj¬isfDIfoIh] og thou dh ix÷ofu lquus dh xzkgdrk miy
ç/ gks tkrh g,] og ik_rk miyç/ gks tkrh g,4
irk ugC ml lezkI vk,j cw\Ps Gdhj dk fGj D;k gqvk ysfdu eq>s vk,j vkidks]
mlls iz;kstu gh D;k`
D;k vki Hh vius Hhrj brus tkxus dk lrr Je djus dks r®ij gT` vxj gka
] rks thou dh laink vkidh g,4 vxj gka] rks ijek®ek [qn vkids }kj pyk vk
Sxk4 vkidks mlds }kj tkus dh tWjr ugC4 ;g ckr dfOu ekywe i\Lrh gks]
rks tks yksx pyus ds vknh ugC gksrs] mudh ;k_kSa yach] cgqr c\Lh fn[kB nsrh
gT4
ysfdu vxj Sd dne Hh mOkus ds fyS os r,;kj gks xS] rks mOk;k x;k gj d
ne] vkus okys dne ds fyS Hwfe cu tkrh g,] cy cu tkrk g,] 'fDr cu tk
rh g, vk,j NksIs ls dnekX ls] vkneh iwjh i1ƒoh dh ifj∂ek dj ldrk g,4 vk,j
NksIs ls eu dh lkeƒ;Z] NksIs7NksIs ds dkekX dh lko/kuh] Fks\Ls ls Ôn; dh 'kafr
ls] euq‘; ijek®ek dh ifj∂ek Hh dj ldrk g,4
bu rhu fnukX eX rhu NksIh lh ckrX eTus vkils dgC3vkuan dk Hko] vgksHko2
vKku dk cks/2 vk,j vkt vkils dgrk gwa] ¬o;a ds thou Î®;kX] fopkjkX ds izfr
tkxWdrk2
rhu [wafI;ka eTus vkils dgC4 bu rhukX eX ls tks eqDr gks tkrs gT mudh uk,dk ij
ek®ek ds lkxj dh ;k_k ij fudy tkrh g,4 fGj mügX uko [sus dh tWjr ugC
i\Lrh4 os iryh irokj ij uko [srs jgXxs4
jkeÎ‘< dgrs Fs] Sd ckj uko dh tathj [ksy nks4 fGj rks gokSa uko dks ys
tkSaxh] eafty rd igqapk nXxh4 gokSa ys tkus dks ges'k [\Lh gT4
;s Fks\Lh lh ckrX] rhu fnukX eX eTus dgC4 gks ldrk g,] dksB ckr vkids dkukX ds
fdlh dksus eX og cht cu tkS tks vadqj gks mOs vk,j fGj o1{ cu tkS rks o
g o1{ vkidks Hh Nk;k nsxk vk,j ge lcdks Hh] tks vkids fudI gT4 o,lk Nk;k
nkj o1{ cu tkuk gh /k√ed thou dh miyç/rk dj ysuk g,4

’kwU; lekf/k
esjh ckrkX dks bruh 'kafr ls rhu fnukX eX lquk] mlds fyS eT cgqr7cgqr vuqx1g
hr gwa4

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’kwU; lekf/k

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d Mij vk,j dksB u ej] rc rd ej?I dk }kj u [qysxk4 mls ;g Hh irk g,

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;k rks og ;g le> ys fd vgadkj dh ;g lkjh ;k_k Sd vk®eléeksgu g,4 eT

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ysfdu og ;g Hh ugC dgsxk fd dadj i®Fj Nks\L nks4 og dgsxk3vkvks ghjs

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gC g,4 og cspkjk okil vka[ can dj ysrk] D;kXfd fu;e] ;e fu;e dk og ik