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PRATIC’ABLE Verbes réguliers et irréguliers / Vocabulaire : réseaux sociaux et applis

N° 464 / All English. Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 / 3,60 €

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SOCIETY
QATAR ON
COURSE FOR ITS
WORLD CUP
NEW
YORK
THE GUARDIAN

CINEMA
KEIRA
KNIGHTLEY
ON COLETTE FROM BROADWAY
LOS ANGELES TIMES
TO BROOKLYN
ENVIRONMENT
HOW THE BALD
EAGLE SOARED
AGAIN
THE ECONOMIST

L 18896 - 464 - F: 3,60 €

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édito sommaire N° 464 / Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019
NIVEAU DE DIFFICULTÉ ET ÉQUIVALENCE CECRL
(Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les langues) :
 facile A2-B1  moyen B2-C1  diicile C1-C2
Pour faciliter le repérage et la compréhension, les mots traduits sont surlignés dans tous les
articles du magazine.

AMÉLIE ARA
RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF Grand angle ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
On parle d'eux ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

À la une
 C1-C2 Broadway’s hidden gems
New York, New York THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
A tour of the northern section of this legendary avenue.
In this edition, we feature a slice of the Big Apple
via two iconic areas. Our New York escapade  B2-C1 Brooklyn, borough with a view CHICAGO TRIBUNE (US) ...................... 9
begins on Broadway, one of the most famous Brooklyn, New York’s new hip area.
avenues in the world. It lends its name to the
theatre district it intersects, but our interest is  A2-B1 Sur le vif .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
further north along the 24 km stretch of road
that dates as far back as the Pre-Columbian Société
era. Broadway has much more to offer than  B2-C1 Qatar on course for its improbable World Cup
illuminated facades and majestic theatres as the THE GUARDIAN (UK) ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
northern section boasts a wealth of architectural Qatar’s preparations for the 2022 football World Cup.
delights.
 B2-C1 Restoring birthright citizenship THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ........................ 15
Then, we cross the East River to Brooklyn. This The Irish in favour of reinstating birthright citizenship.
is the most populated area of the city, and for a
long time ignored by visitors and inhabitants
alike. Now, however, following twenty years PRATIC’ABLE ................................................................................................................................. 17
of change, New-Yorkers and tourists alike are Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler
enjoying a vibrant area full of culture and comme un anglophone
commerce. The Brooklyn that director Spike Réseaux sociaux et applis / Point de grammaire : Verbes réguliers et irréguliers
Lee celebrates in his ilms is fast becoming a / Jeux de mots
Brooklyn of deluxe hotels, start up businesses,
and “hipster” culture. And this diverse district
is more than ever a source of inspiration for  A2-B1 À 360° ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
artists. The neighbourhood of Bushwick is a
veritable open air gallery of street art by artists Enjeux
from all over the world. TV series are now shot  B2-C1 Making tomatoes sustainable again THE INDEPENDENT (UK) ............ 22
on the roof-terrace of the William Vale Hotel. Mr Organic, an ethical food brand that has won the hearts of the British.
Cosmopolitan and hip, Brooklyn is now the must
see area of New York…and the place to be seen.  B2-C1 The irst pan-EU political party? THE ECONOMIST (UK) ..................................... 24
Volt, a young pan-European political movement ready to take on the
Happy Reading!
European Parliament.

Rejoignez-nous sur
Culture
 C1-C2 Keira Knightley looks to Colette for courage
LOS ANGELES TIMES (US) .......................................................................................................................................................................... 25
The English actress talks about her new role in Wash Westmoreland’s Colette.
et suivez-nous sur et sur
 C1-C2 Writing for TV THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) .................................................................................................... 27
The small screen, an increasingly attractive medium for novelists.

 A2-B1
BONUS Les échos ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

L’article est repris sur le CD ou les MP3
de conversation : Des interviews en V.O.
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Tous les articles du magazine sont lus par des
anglophones sur le CD (ou les MP3) de lecture
Retrouvez le reportage vidéo
lié à l’ article sur vocable.fr
Photo de couverture : Istock
Découverte
 B2-C1 Origin of chocolate shifts 1,400 miles and 1,500 years
THE GUARDIAN (UK) ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
A new discovery of the origin of chocolate.
 B2-C1 How the bald eagle soared again THE ECONOMIST (UK) ................................... 32
The bald eagle: a rare ecological success story in the United States.
Les sorties .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Le dessin ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35
 Grand L’actualité en images

angle

(SIPA)
ETATS-UNIS

NEW SPOT FOR THE

“FEARLESS GIRL”
Popular statue in New York is given a new location
The Fearless Girl Statue has been relocated to stand opposite the New York Stock
New York
Exchange. The 1.20m bronze statue of a girl with a deiant look on her face was irst
unveiled in Bowling Green, in front of Wall Street’s bull sculpture, in March 2017. It was
originally commissioned to draw attention to the lack of women on the boards of inancial institutions, and was meant
to be temporary, but became so popular with New Yorkers and tourists alike that it ended up staying. The statue has
just been moved to its new location because the old spot raised safety concerns. “We are welcoming her with open
arms,” Betty Liu, executive vice chairwoman of the Exchange, said in an interview.
to relocate to transfer to a diferent place / to stand, stood, stood to be located / Stock Exchange market where stocks and bonds are traded / to unveil to uncover,
present, inaugurate / Bowling Green small public garden on Broadway / bull male cow / to commission to oicially ask sb to create sth / to draw, drew, drawn here, to
attract / lack absence, shortage / board committee (of directors) / to be meant to to be intended to / alike both... and... / location place / to raise to cause, bring about,
provoke / safety security / concern issue, problem / chairwoman female director, leader.

4 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019

 On parle d'eux… Retrouvez le fil d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Ceux qui font l'actu

Nick Ayers
36-year-old Nick Ayers has turned down a job offer from
American President Donald Trump. In December, he was
asked to take over from John Kelly as White House chief
of staff – as Kelly announced he would leave by the end of
the year. But the next day, Ayers, who was then chief of
staff to Mike Pence, tweeted his thanks to both the presi-
dent and the vice-president, stating he would “be depart-
ing from the White House at the end of the year” because
of family commitments. Trump is reported to be looking
for a chief of staff to be in place through to the 2020 elec-
tion and Nick Ayers had emerged as a front-runner to re-
place Kelly.
to turn down to refuse, decline an ofer of / to take, took, taken over (from) to
take the place of / chief of staf senior staf oicer at the White House / to tweet to
send a message via Twitter / to state to declare / commitment reason, obligation /
through (to) to, until / front-runner favourite, leading candidate.

(SIPA)
(Bryan Thomas/The New York Times)
(SIPA)

(SIPA)

Sadiq Khan Stephanie Cliford Jack Dorsey

London Mayor Sadiq Khan is considering
introducing rent controls across the capital. In
a letter to a Labour MP, he wrote that London
needed to adopt a “strategic approach to rent
stabilisation and control.” Although national
legislation currently governs private sector
rents, the mayor will begin to advocate for
measures to tackle overinlated rents.
mayor head of a city government / to consider to
envisage / rent control a form of price control that
limits the amount a property owner can charge for
renting out a home, apartment or other real estate /
Labour major centre-left U.K. party / MP = Member of
Parliament / currently at present, at the moment / to
govern to manage, control / to advocate to be in
favour of, recommend / to tackle to combat, deal with /
overinlated excessive.
Porn star Stephanie Cliford, also known as
“Stormy Daniels,” has been ordered to pay
Donald Trump nearly $300,000 in legal fees
after her defamation suit against him was
dismissed by a federal judge in Los Angeles. In
early 2018, Cliford alleged she had an afair
with him in 2006 and was paid $130,000 as
part of a non-disclosure agreement before the
2016 presidential election. After Trump
dismissed her claims as a “total con job,” she
sued him for defamation – and has now to
pay for his attorneys’ fees.
to order to command (here, court order, legal ruling,
decision by a judge in a tribunal) / legal fees fees for the
court and legal representation / suit trial / to dismiss to
reject / to allege to accuse, claim / afair sexual/
romantic relationship / non-disclosure agreement
conidentiality contract / claim declaration, assertion,
here, accusation / con job trickery, cheating, here, false
accusation to make money / attorney lawyer.
Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey has faced severe
criticism for posting a series of tweets
promoting Myanmar as a tourist destination.
In December, he told his 4 million followers he
had followed a silent meditation retreat in the
country, and encouraged them to visit. The
Myanmar regime has been accused of
genocide against the Muslim Rohingya
minority in Rakhine state by the UN. Jack
Dorsey later apologised.
CEO = Chief Executive Oicer president of a company
/ follower here, internet user who takes an interest in a
person’s blog or page / UN = United Nations
(Organisation) / to apologise to say sorry.

VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 •5

 À la une I Destination I

The Theater District consists of

ETATS-UNIS I  C2

For the 2017–2018 season,

41 professional theatres located 13,792,614 people attended
along Broadway. Broadway shows.

Shubert Alley, between Broadway and 8th Avenue. (Edu Bayer/The New York Times)

Inwood Hill Park. (Dana / Flickr) Some of the characters in Times Square, near Broadway.
(Edu Bayer/The New York Times)
THE NEW YORK TIMES SAM ROBERTS

BROADWAY’S HIDDEN GEMS

Some of the lesser known sights on New York's iconic street
Broadway is the oldest north-south running avenue in New York. Well known for its theatres and intersection with Times Square,
this emblematic avenue crosses several districts, from Manhattan to the Bronx, boasting a rich variety of architectural
curiosities. A journalist from the New York Times takes a tour of the lesser-known and less touristy northern section of Broadway.

6 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2

Seaman Drake Arch, still
standing on Broadway near
216th Street, is a replica of
the Arc de Triomphe.
(Edu Bayer/The New York Times)
A painter in front of the Flatiron
Building, near Broadway.
(Edu Bayer/The New York Times)
N
ew York — I am three blocks from
the Broadway local subway stop,
just past West 204th Street. Right before me
is a time machine, capable of transporting
me back to when most of Manhattan north
of Canal Street consisted of hilly meadows,
orchards and plowed ields. The Dyckman
1. past beyond, after / time machine machine that goes
back in time / to consist of to be composed of / hilly with
many hills / meadow prairie, grassland / orchard area of
land on which fruit trees are grown / to plow (US) = to
plough (GB) here, to clear for growing/planting /
Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture
NIVEAU BASIQUE DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
On the Basic recording, Dario, Bibi and Shelly share their memories of
New York City and its borroughs.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)
Farmhouse and Museum is the oldest re-
maining farmhouse in the borough, made of
ieldstone, brick and white clapboard with a
gambrel roof and Dutch door, dating from
about 1783 — a magical stop on Broadway’s
least-discovered northern stretch. 
2.Broadway is arguably the most famous
thoroughfare in the world (by one measure,
250 million hits on Google versus 6 million
for the Champs-Élysées). But in the city
that never stops recycling itself, it takes a
discerning lâneur to ind the few original
landmarks like this one that have survived
along Broadway’s 13-mile route from one
end of Manhattan to the other. 
3. Most guidebooks to Broadway begin at
the Battery (named since the 17th century
for the artillery placed there to protect the
settlers from an invading leet), and focus
on Bowling Green, Trinity Church, St. Paul’s
Chapel, the Sun Building, Flatiron Building
and Shubert Alley in Times Square. But on
a drizzly morning recently, Fran Leadon, a
City College of New York architecture pro-
fessor and the author of a new book, Broad-
way: A History of New York City in Thirteen
Miles, hosted a two-person walking excur-
sion of the less traveled blocks on the inal
stretch, beginning just before Broadway
merges with Riverside Drive and Dyckman
Street. The mission was to ind some of the
thoroughfare’s hidden historical treasures,
the sites often overlooked by neighborhood
residents as well as tourists.  Benedetto family operated the last working
farmhouse place where a farmer lives / borough district,
neighbourhood / ieldstone natural stone / clapboard
thin planks used to make rudementary housing / gambrel
roof mansard or Dutch roof, symmetrical two-sided
construction with an upper slope on a shallow angle, and a
steep lower slope / Dutch door stable door, with two
horizontal halves / least-discovered lesser known /
stretch section, part.
2. arguably most probably / thoroughfare avenue,
boulevard / hit here, times someone links to a site / it
takes... here, it requires... / discerning discriminating,
showing acute judgement / landmark historic monument,
famous tourist site / mile = 1.609 km.
3. settler colonist / leet lotilla, group of ships / to focus
on to concentrate on / drizzly rainy and misty / to host to
organise / less traveled (US), travelled (GB) less
frequented, known / to merge to join together, unite / to
overlook to neglect, forget, ignore / neighborhood (US)
= neighbourhood (GB) area, district.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Notez la diférence
entre l'anglais des
États-Unis et l'anglais
britannique :
plowed (US) (§ 1)  ploughed (GB)
subway (US) (§ 1)  underground
(GB)
neighborhood (US) (§ 3) 
neighbourhood (GB)
gas station (US) (§ 4)  filling
station / petrol station (GB)
HISTORICAL SITES
4. Our tour of the two northernmost miles
included what was once a Gilded Age en-
clave in Inwood, where Broadway is
lanked by idiosyncratic historical sites
that are not only neglected by most visitors’
guides, but eclipsed by the street’s com-
mercial bustle. The irst anomaly is the
Dyckman Farmhouse and Museum, open
for public tours. The Flemish colonial house
faces two buildings across the street. One,
incongruously, is a gas station. In the
other, a relative newcomer to the gentrify-
ing neighborhood, the Dyckmans might
have felt right at home. It’s a beer garden. 
5.A little farther north, now the site of a
mini-storage warehouse, is where the
farm in Manhattan until the mid-1950s.
On the west side of Broadway, starting
around 212th Street, is Isham Park, once
the location of an Italianate villa owned by
the leather merchant William B. Isham, on >>>
4. tour guided visit / northernmost the furthest to the
north / Gilded Age Golden Age / to lank to border, be
situated on the side of / idiosyncratic singular, unique,
eccentric / bustle agitation, animation / Flemish relating
to the region of Flanders (northern part of Belgium) / to
face to be situated opposite, across from, in front of / gas
station (US) = petrol station (GB) service station /
newcomer new arrival / gentrifying that is becoming
more bourgeois / to feel, felt, felt right at home to feel
comfortable with / beer garden outdoor pub.
5. farther further, at a greater distance / mini-storage
warehouse small scale depot / to operate to run /
location place, site / Italianate in the Italian style /
VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 •7
 À la une I Destination I
The name Broadway is the literal translation of the
original Dutch name, Brede Wegh.
>>> a promontory with sweeping views of both
the Hudson and Harlem Rivers. Near the
entrance is a brown milestone, presumably
an original marker, that was set into the wall.  Inwood is the northernmost district on the island of Manhattan, bordered by the
6. If you look closely, in the driveway of an auto
repair shop between 215th and 218th Streets,
you can see a crumbling marble replica of the
Arc de Triomphe in Paris. The grafiti-scarred
relic, dating from 1855, was the gateway to a
grand 25-acre hilltop summer estate belonging
to John F. Seaman and his heiress wife, an ec-
centric descendant of Sir Francis Drake. 
7. Also near 215th Street is the majestic light
of 110 steps, which evoke the Rue Foyatier in
Montmartre. The steps connect Broadway with
Park Terrace East and Inwood Hill Park. The
park, on a schist ridge 200 feet above the Hud-
son, is home to Manhattan’s largest remaining
forest and where caves attest to the most an-
cient habitation in New York from pre-Colom-
bian times to seasonal camps occupied by the
Lenape people as late as the 17th century.  the ghosts along the stretch
FIGURES
8. Leadon, who grew up in Gainesville,
Florida, and lives in Brooklyn with his
family, was inspired to devote an entire
book to Broadway after collaborating on
the AIA Guide to New York City and dis-
covering that except for David W. Dunlap’s
exuberant On Broadway (1990), few other
authors had done their urban anthropology
spadework.  with architectural gems like the antique apart- hustling, feverish, crowded, ever changing,”
leather animal skin / sweeping view impressive long
view / milestone stone designating distance /
presumably probably / marker indicator.
6. driveway residence’s private way where vehicules can be
parked or which leads to a garage / repair shop garage for
automobile service and repairs / crumbling deteriorating,
disintegrating / marble hard, white veined stone used for
buildings/statues / graiti-scarred covered in graiti /
gateway entry point / grand big and luxurious / acre 0.4
hectare / hilltop on the summit of a raised area of land /
estate property, domain, here, manor house, ancestral home
/ heiress (female) successor, here inheritor of a fortune.
7. light of steps staircase / ridge crest / foot (pl. feet)
= 30.48 cm / to be home to to be the place where sth is
located / cave cavern / to attest to to bear witness to,
here, to provide proof of / times era / seasonal camp
inhabited for part of the year only / Lenape Native
American tribe, also known as the ‘Delawares’.
8. igure person, personality / to devote to dedicate /
spadework ref to preliminary research done at the site, on
location (spade shovel).
8 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019
ETATS-UNIS I  C2
Inwood
Harlem River to the north and east, and the Hudson River to the west. According
to legend, it was in Inwood Hill Park that Peter Minuit, director general of the
Dutch colony of New Netherland, bought the island of Manhattan from the
Lenape Indians in 1626. With 40,000 people across one and a half square miles,
Inwood is a low-density neighbourhood. In 1970, a third of its population was
Irish. Today, it is 73% Hispanic, mostly Dominican.
district area, locality / according to as stated by... / Dutch from Holland / New Netherland New Holland,
Dutch colony / square mile = 2.56 km² / neighbourhood area (in a town, city).
9. What surprised him most were how 1919 “Black Sox” World Series scandal was plotted.
many lives were entwined with the his- (It was the irst air-conditioned hotel in the city
tory of the street — George Washington and, a century ahead of its time, ran a farm on its
who worshipped at St. Paul’s Chapel; en- roof.). Leadon ended his book in Marble Hill,
trepreneurs like F.W. Wool- which is lanked on three sides
worth and A .T. Stewart by the Bronx and on the fourth
whose commercial flag- by the Harlem River. 
ships lanked City Hall; and The street has
always been 11. The street has always
of Broadway that undulates
past Times Square, whose
more a state of been more a state of mind
than a mere physical space,
reputation for bright lights mind than a one that has deied the un-
and shattered dreams were mere physical bending Manhattan grid for
epitomized in its legacy as
the Great White Way and
space. two centuries as it snaked
uptown and that even now,
the Street of Broken Hearts.  defying its name, is being
narrowed to accommodate
ARCHITECTURAL GEMS pedestrian plazas. “Broadway is New York
10. As it meanders north, Broadway is studded intensiied — the relex of the Republic, —
ment buildings, many of them spared by the the journalist Junius Henry Browne wrote
Landmarks Preservation Commission from in 1868. “Broadway is always being built,
New York’s merciless cycle of demolition and but it is never inished.” l
redevelopment. The Ansonia at West 73rd
Street, the Beaux-Art home of Enrico Caruso,
Babe Ruth and Igor Stravinsky, was where the “Black Sox” scandal Major League Baseball match ixing
incident in which eight members of the Chicago White Sox
were accused of intentionally losing the 1919 World Series
in exchange for money from a gambling syndicate / to
plot to conspire / air-conditioned with air conditioning
9. to entwine to interlace, connect / to worship here, to
(system that cools the air inside a building/vehicle) /
go to church / lagship largest shop of a franchise / City
ahead of one’s time in advance of general use or
Hall New York City Hall / shattered broken / to
acceptance / to run, ran, run to operate, manage.
epitomize to incarnate, symbolize / legacy here,
reputation. 11. mere simple / unbending inlexible, intransigent /
grid network, pattern / to snake to wind, twist and turn
10. to meander to wind about in a curcuitous course / to
(snake serpent) / uptown residential areas north of
stud with to punctuate with / to spare to save from /
Manhattan / to narrow to be reduced / to
merciless without pity, here, relentless, unstoppable /
accommodate to have enough space for / pedestrian
redevelopment renovation, reconstruction /
person on foot / plaza square / hustling busy, lively /
feverish febrile / crowded full of people / ever always,
constantly.
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À la une I Destination I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
Brooklyn by the numbers
2,648,771 residents 77 neighbourhoods
180 km2 Home to the 2nd largest public art collection
in the United States with the Brooklyn Museum

CHICAGO TRIBUNE ELAINE GLUSAC

BROOKLYN, BOROUGH
WITH A VIEW
Brooklyn ofers great views of Manhattan, (the title refers to
the film based on a book by E.M. Forster, A Room with a View; borough district)

The Brooklyn Bridge with the Manhattan

skyline in the background. (Istock)

Brooklyn has been on the rise for the past twenty years. While the business districts vista framed across the East River and begun
were developing, other areas have become the chosen location for artists and touting it via rooftop bars, hotel rooms and
international celebrities. Hotels and chic restaurants can now be found on every improved parks.
street corner. Has Brooklyn become the most chic area in New York?
PRAISED BY ARTISTS
2. From early fan Walt Whitman to the con-

J
ake Gyllenhaal is walking into my New
York hotel. It's not on Fifth Avenue or
one of the trendy corners of Lower Manhat-
tan. It's in Brooklyn. And it – the 1 Hotel
Brooklyn Bridge – might be the buzziest new
hotel in the city, star sightings or no. Because
1. trendy fashionable, chic / corner here, area / buzzy
here, surrounded by media hype and attention / star
sighting with appearances of famous people /
the 1 Hotel Brooklyn Bridge, like the new
William Vale Hotel and the Williamsburg
Hotel, both new to Brooklyn's waterfront,
have something that Manhattan doesn't
have: the skyline panorama. Developers have
newly awoken to the Wall-Street-to-Harlem
waterfront next to water (lake, river or sea) / skyline
here, horizon created by the silhouette of buildings /
developer person or company that buys and sells land
and property / to awake, awoke, awoken (to) to
become aware or conscious of /
temporary Avett Brothers, centuries of artists
have sung the praises of Brooklyn, among
the largest cities in the nation before neigh-
boring New York swallowed it in 1898. It's >>>
vista view, panorama / to frame to form a border round /
to tout to publicize, to promote / rooftop (on the) top
part of a building / improved renovated.
2. to praise to speak favourably of, show approval of,
celebrate / early at the beginning of sth / to sing, sang,
sung the praises (of) to compliment, celebrate /
neighboring (US) = neighbouring (GB) next door,
nearby / to swallow to engulf, absorb /

VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 •9

 À la une I Destination I
>>> the epicenter of the country's craft renais- serviced frequently by the 1 through 5 sub-
sance, where creative entrepreneurs and
artisanal food producers thrive, giving rise
to hipster culture that has spread flannels
and beards to the Nashvilles, Austins and
Omahas of the nation.
3. But for a traveler visiting New York, is
Brooklyn enough? Can you do the Big Apple
without taking a bite of Manhattan? The
short answer is no. Broadway, and specifi-
cally the teen-angst Tony-winner Dear Evan
Hansen, was too compelling to keep me
solely in the borough. But the long answer is
mostly. And here's why.
4. First, understand that Brooklyn, measur-
ing 71 square miles of land, is sprawling and
that not all of it is convenient. But if you stick
to Brooklyn Heights and downtown Brook-
lyn, the closest quarters to Manhattan and
craft artisanal / to thrive, thrived or throve, thrived or
thriven to lourish, prosper / to give, gave, given rise to
to result in / to spread, spread, spread to extend,
disperse, gain territory / lannel soft cotton cloth often in
a plaid pattern / beard man’s facial hair.
3. to take, took, taken a bite of to take a mouthful,
here, to get to know, discover / teen-angst adolescent
anxiety / Tony award for achievement in the theatre /
Dear Evan Hansen musical that debuted on Broadway in
2016 / compelling irresistible, fascinating / solely
uniquely, only.
4. square mile = 2.56 km² / sprawling covering a large
area, vast / convenient practical, here, easy to navigate /
to stick, stuck, stuck to to stay in, keep to / quarter
district, part of a town /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
sight
sight = la vue
to have good eyesight avoir une
bonne vue
to be short-sighted être myope
to be long-sighted être
hypermétrope
the sights attractions touristiques
to go sightseeing faire du tourisme,
visiter la ville
star sighting (§ 1) lorsqu'une vedette
a été aperçue
10 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
NIVEAU BASIQUE DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
On the Basic recording, Dario, Bibi and Shelly share their memories of
New York City and its borroughs.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)
way trains, you have access to both boroughs
and cheaper rates on food and lodging (fash-
ionable Williamsburg is less accessible, but
Uber-friendly).
5. Staying in Brooklyn, my son and I got off
the 1 train from our Broadway visit (20 min-
utes by train) to a very quiet downtown
Brooklyn at 11 p.m. on a Friday night. We
dubbed it the “city that sleeps,” and that's not
such a bad thing when it comes to hotels,
which are proliferating here. We found great
value, compared with Manhattan quarters,
in both the recently renovated New York
Marriott at the Brooklyn Bridge and the 1
Hotel Brooklyn Bridge. The latter's views of
New Lab, a space dedicated to commercializing digital-age har
the iconic bridge and the more distant Statue (Vincent Tullo/The New York Times)
of Liberty warrant room-service dinner.
MEETING THE LOCALS
6. When it comes to actually meeting the
locals, Brooklyn, a bedroom community for
New York's business districts, is friendliest.
And a mini-boom of entrepreneurial guide
services has made finding them easier than
ever. I joined the Brooklyn startup Local
Expeditions on one of its locals-led neighbor-
hood itineraries, a three-hour bike tour of
DUMBO ($40), the historic area Down Under
the Manhattan Bridge Overpass where via-
ducts shelter weekly flea markets and his-
toric warehouses frame distant skyscrapers
in Instagram-popular images.
7. Ironically, I had to meet my guide on the Bushwick Collective street art in Brooklyn. (Erik Pendzich/Shutt
Manhattan side of the bridge. “I like to start
over here because the biking across the
bridge is spectacular, and there are always
to service to provide transport for / subway (US) =
underground (GB) train metro / rate price / lodging
accommodation / fashionable in vogue, chic /
Uber-friendly practical if using Uber to get around.
5. to dub to call, nickname / when it comes to as far as...
is concerned / value good value in quality/price ratio /
latter the second (of the two) / iconic emblematic,
famous / to warrant to justify.
6. local person living in an area, inhabitant / actually
really / bedroom community residential area in which a
large number of people live but do not work / friendly
pleasant, nice, agreeable / to join to become a member of
/ neighborhood (US) = neighbourhood (GB) local
area, community / tour guided visit / to shelter to
accomodate / lea market outdoor market with stands
selling bric a brac / warehouse depot / skyscraper very
tall modern building.
The Brooklyn Flea in the neighborhood of DUMBO. (SIPA)
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
 Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Ficalora est le fondateur du Bushwick Collective. Ce collectif, composé d’artistes de street art à la
notoriété internationale, a réalisé plus d’une cinquantaine de peintures murales dans le quartier de
Bushwick, à Brooklyn. Découvrez le reportage vidéo et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
Citi Bikes (a bicycle-sharing program) avail-
able on this side,” said Nancy Blaine, a former
textbook editor, nearly lifelong Brooklynite
and founder of Local Expeditions, as we
pedaled over the scenic span.
8. Based on guides' interests and expertise,
Local Expeditions itineraries explore the
multifaceted borough from Jackie Robinson's
Brooklyn to the murals of Bushwick, but they
always include a snack stop. Ours was at the
petite Almondine Bakery
where Nancy bought us
creamy almond croissants to
share. “We want to get to Brooklyn is
know people, and around
food, it goes so well,” she said.
the epicenter
dware start-ups, at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. of the
FOOD country's
9. During our Manhattan
detour, we stopped for a $21 craft
tostada at Cosme in the Flat- renaissance.
iron District. Granted, it
came from Mexico's
Michelin-starred chef En-
rique Olvera and contained sea urchin, but
it was certainly an only-in-New-York indul-
gence. The next night we ate at Leuca, chef
Andrew Carmellini's new restaurant in the
William Vale Hotel in Williamsburg, where
the line to get to the hotel's rooftop bar, in
full thrall of the Manhattan skyline, started
around 4 p.m.
10. Brooklyn has its own cadre of celebrity
terstock/SIPA) chefs lured across the river by lower rents.
But it's not a mini-Manhattan for the budg-
et-minded. It's its own animal, somehow
7. textbook school book / editor person in charge of a
publication / lifelong lasting all of one’s life / scenic
having a magniicent, spectacular view / span here, space
between the two ends of the bridge.
8. multifaceted complex, with many aspects / mural
large wall painting, fresco / snack a light meal / stop
stage / creamy with the taste and consistency of cream.
9. tostada fried corn tortilla / granted it’s true /
Michelin-starred awarded with a star by the Michelin
Guide / sea urchin marine echinoderm with a shell
covered in mobile spines / indulgence extravagance, treat
/ line queue / in full thrall of with a sweeping view of.
10. cadre professional group of / to lure to attract, entice
/ rent regular payment for use of a residence etc /
budget-minded for people with limited inances /
more inviting and accessible to the 99
percent. Here, the singer Iggy Pop was
posing nude for a drawing class when we
visited the art-filled Brooklyn Museum and
jazz great Ramsey Lewis was performing
a free concert at the Brooklyn Academy of
Music.
11.The Brooklyn Navy Yard, an expansive
300-acre patch of waterfront established
in 1801 and the birthplace of the USS
Maine, now serves as an
incubator for startups. We
visited the center of green
entrepreneurship, hosting
everything from a film stu-
dio to an eco-manufactur-
ing center and artist studi-
os, on Tur nst ile Tours'
two-hour trip around the
docks ($30) that drew both
history buffs and hipsters.
12. We
closed our Brooklyn
spree in the aural company
of filmmaker Ken Burns, who narrates a
new Detour walking tour atop the Brook-
lyn Bridge ($4.99). He calls it “one of the
greatest achievements in human history.”
The handsome 1883 suspension bridge was
the first to connect Manhattan and Brook-
lyn by something other than a boat. The
span helped pave the way for Brooklyn's
loss of independence, 15 years later, when
it became a part of the larger city. Still,
more than a century later, its indie iden-
tity is alive and well – and more hospitable
than ever. l
art-illed full of works of art / great here, famous, revered
musician / to perform here, to give.
11. expansive vast / acre measurement of land, 1 acre = 0.4
hectare / patch here, zone / USS Maine American naval
cruiser ship, sunk from an explosion in 1898 in Havana
Harbour, which served as the catalyst for the Spanish-
American War / green ecological / to host to receive, house
/ eco-manufacturing ecological production of goods /
dock quay, platform where boats are loaded / to draw,
drew, drawn here, to attract / buf enthusiast, fan.
12. spree a period of self-indulgence or other enjoyable
activity / aural listening / to narrate to relate, tell the
story of / atop at the top of, on / achievement
accomplishment / handsome beautiful, elegant / to
pave the way for to prepare the way for / indie
independent / alive and well active / hospitable
pleasant to live in, welcoming.
VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 • 11
 Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
e
Brèves d
société

le chifre de la quinzaine

(Tom Nicholson/LNP/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)

(Istock)
This is the approximate sum thought to have
been embezzled by two nuns while working at
a Catholic school in California. Sisters Mary

Way out Margaret Kreuper and Lana Chang had been

working at St James school for decades,
respectively as the school’s principal and an
In December, the European Court of Justice ruled that the United eighth-grade teacher. They reportedly used
Kingdom could unilaterally halt the Brexit process. The court stated the money to pay for... gambling trips to Las
that the UK had the power to withdraw its notiication to leave the Vegas! The nuns have apologized and
promised to pay back the money. Church
EU under Article 50 without the agreement of other member states. oicials will not press charges.
However, it must do so before the withdrawal agreement negotiated
...thought to have been believed, estimated to have
between the two parties comes into force, the court said. The case been / to embezzle to take money fraudulently / nun
was brought before the ECJ by pro-Remain campaigners in Scotland, female member of a religious community / decade
despite the British government’s opposition. After the ruling, There- period of ten years / eighth-grade school year for
students aged 13 to 14 / reportedly allegedly, supposedly
sa May stated that she would not revoke Article 50 because it would / … gambling trips to gamble (place bets in a casino) /
betray voters who won the 2016 referendum. to apologize to say sorry for, ask for pardon / church
oicials ecclesiastical authorities / to press charges to
to rule to decide, decree / to state to declare / to withdraw, drew, drawn to leave, to pull out from / make a formal legal complaint.
under in accordance with / agreement accord / to come, came, come into force to come into efect
/ case afair, situation / to bring, brought, brought here, to take to court / pro-Remain here, to stay
in the E.U. / campaigner active supporter of a cause, militant / to revoke to cancel, annul / to betray

(Steve Meddle/Shutterstock/SIPA)
to be a traitor to.

Womb-bedrooms
A set of hotel rooms that resemble human wombs, created by design-led serviced
apartments Cuckooz, in collaboration with sleep technology company Simba, have
just opened in Shoreditch, London. These rooms, adorned with soft pink walls,
high-tech mattresses and muted lighting, have been designed to encourage
relaxation and REM-rich sleep.
womb uterus / set collection,
group / design-led where the Game addiction
decor is intrinsic and mainly
The video game Fortnite, irst released in 2017, has been
modern, design (to lead, led,
led to direct, here, be the guiding accused of creating widespread addiction for its players,
objective) / serviced- sending kids throughout the world to gaming rehab.
apartment an appartment According to Lorrine Marer, a British behavioral specialist,
where the services of a hotel are this video game “is like heroin. Once you are hooked, it’s
ofered / to adorn to decorate / hard to get unhooked.” An online U.K. divorce service also
mattress soft part of a bed /
muted here, subdued / to
said that 200 petitions cited Fortnite and other video
design to conceive, create, games as the reason for marriage breakup this year. More
devise / REM sleep last and than 200 million people play Fortnite worldwide.
lightest phase of sleep (REM=
to release here, to make available, put on the market / widespread
Rapid Eye Movement).
extending widely / throughout all over, everywhere in / rehab
detoxiication (rehab = rehabilitation) / according to as stated by,
reported by / behavioral (US) = behavioural (GB) relating to human
(Cuckooz)

conduct / to be hooked to be addicted / to get unhooked to

overcome an addiction / worldwide all over the world.

12 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019

Société I Football I
THE GUARDIAN DAVID CONN
QATAR ON COURSE FOR ITS
IMPROBABLE WORLD CUP
Preparations unbelievably going to plan for Qatar's World Cup
In 2010, to everyone’s surprise, Fifa chose Qatar to host the football World Cup in 2022. The tiny Middle Eastern state, known for
its intensely hot temperatures, has been criticised for the poor conditions of its foreign workers constructing the stadiums.
However, having ignored the controversy, Qatar is redoubling its eforts to be ready in time for what promises to be an
exceptional event…
I t began almost a decade ago as the most
unfeasible bid ever to host a World Cup: an
outlandish proposal for “air-cooled” stadiums in
the desert summer heat of a tiny, obscure-
seeming Arab emirate with one city, Doha,
populated by just 300,000 citizens. Qatar is
though, the richest per capita state on earth, and
on that cold Zurich night in December 2010 its
bid succeeded in garnering a majority of Fifa
executive committee votes, and claimed the right
to host the 2022 World Cup.
2. Since then Qatar’s planned hosting of the
tournament – its ubiquitous slogan in Doha is
1. almost nearly / decade period of ten years / unfeasible
implausible / bid here, candidacy of a country / ever of all time
/ to host to organise an event / outlandish unconventional,
eccentric / proposal proposition, project / air-cooled
air-conditioned / tiny minuscule / obscure-seeming
unknown / citizen person / though however / per capita per
inhabitant / to succeed in (+ ger.) to be successful in / to
garner to gain, to acquire / to claim to take.
2. tournament championship / ubiquitous omnipresent /
QATAR I  B2-C1
“Deliver Amazing” with its stated mission to
unify people in the Middle East and project a
positive Arab experience – has survived a hur-
ricane of challenges. There have been waves of
corruption allegations, which the secretary
general of the “supreme committee” organising
the World Cup, Hassan al-Thawadi, repeatedly
denied.
3. Intensive Fifa inquiries into the vote did not
ind Qatar’s bid more irregular than Australia’s
– or England’s for 2018 and the FBI’s criminal
investigation into American Fifa football barons
has produced nothing solid against Qatar. There
has been international condemnation of Qatar’s
regime for migrant workers, now part of a reform
process the government is conducting in partner-
to deliver to bring, to provide / stated expressed, declared /
(the) Middle East region of the world including Egypt, Jordan,
Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iran and Iraq / to survive to
overcome / hurricane deluge / wave series / allegation
accusation / to deny to refute.
3. intensive exhaustive, complete, thorough / inquiry
investigation / baron magnate / solid concrete / to conduct
to carry out / partnership association, collaboration /
Construction is
continuing apace at
Al Wakrah stadium,
in Qatar. (Olya Morvan/
The New York Times)
ship with the International Labour Organisation.
In June last year, political hostilities erupted in
the immediate region and Qatar remains subject
to an actual blockade led by its much bigger,
looming neighbour, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab
Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt.
UNTROUBLED PREPARATIONS
4. Yet preparations inside the country are con-
tinuing almost untroubled, and now Qatar looks
most likely to also ride a late effort by the Fifa
president, Gianni Infantino, to expand the tour-
nament from 32 to 48 teams and have the coun-
try share some matches with other countries in
the region. The footballing calendar has already
been reordered – moving the World Cup from >>>
(the) International Labour Organisation United Nations
agency which establishes and promotes decent working
standards internationally / to erupt to break out, to start / to
remain to continue to be / actual real / to loom to appear in a
menacing way / neighbour nearby country.
4. yet however, despite this / to look to seem / likely
probable / to ride, rode, ridden here, to beneit from / late
after the normal time / to expand to increase / to reorder to
reorganise.
VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 • 13
 Société I Football I
>>> summer to winter for the irst time, to escape the
desert heat.
5. So, still somehow unbelievably, in four years’
time, the World Cup really will kick off in Qatar,
in one of the seven entirely new, all air-cooled
stadiums, with the 80,000-seater in the newly
built Doha district of Lusail the venue for the inal
on 18 December. And, as always intended when
the supremely ambitious Sheikh Hamad bin
Khalifa al-Thani, then the country’s ruler, pushed
Qatar to bid, it will play host to the most watched
sporting tournament on earth. Amazing, pur-
pose-built stages will have been built for the likes
of Kylian Mbappé, 23 by then, Neymar, perhaps
a veteran Lionel Messi and football’s other stars
to captivate a global audience. And Qatar will
broadcast its chosen image to the world.
COLOSSAL BUDGET
6. In a country grown rapidly rich beyond imag-
ining because of its pioneering exploitation of
liquid natural gas, the bonanza has created a Gulf
city of skyscrapers and malls, which can put on
a World Cup from scratch. The oficial budget for
World Cup-speciic construction is put by Tha-
5. somehow in some way in spite of all this / to kick of to
start / -seater with... seats / venue place / to intend to plan /
then at the time / ruler leader / purpose-built built
speciically for the event / stage platform in a theatre/stadium
/ the likes of here, players like... / by then by that time /
global international, worldwide / audience group of
spectators / to broadcast, broadcast, broadcast to
transmit, to show.
6. to grow, grew, grown to become / beyond outside the
limits of / bonanza great prosperity / skyscraper very tall
modern building / mall shopping centre / to put, put, put on
to organise / from scratch from nothing / to put, put, put
here, to estimate /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Parlons foot ....
"the World Cup really will kick of in
Qatar" (§ 5)
to kick donner un coup de pied
to kick of donner le coup d'envoi
mais aussi ....
the party kicked of in great style la
soirée a démarré en beauté
it all kicked of when ... ce qui a tout
déclenché, c'est ...
a kick-of meeting séance de
démarrage
14 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019
QATAR I  B2-C1 Une suggestion ? écrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
Hassan al-Thawadi, head of
Qatar’s 2022 World Cup commit-
tee. (Earl Wilson/The New York Times)
wadi at between $8bn and $10bn, although that
is buttressed by the $200bn being spent more
generally to have a new metro system and huge
infrastructure ready for 2022.
7. In Qatar it is immediately striking how ad-
vanced the plans are, the improbable bid now
solidly cemented with facts on the ground. The
one World Cup stadium not being built from
scratch, the Khalifa International stadium –
named after the father Sheikh Hamad deposed
in a bloodless palace coup in 1995 – had its recon-
iguration completed last year.
SCEPTICISM
8. Of the eight stadiums, perhaps the most sym-
bolic is the 60,000-seat Al Bayt, which is in ad-
vanced, eye-catching construction at Al Khor, a
currently dusty district 20 miles north of Doha.
It is named and designed after bayt al sha’ar, tents
used by the nomadic people of Qatar before the
money rained in. Driving past it, we could see the
televisual statement it will make for Qatar in 2022:
look, world, we were tent-dwellers before, and
look at all we can do now.
9. Yet being in Doha even for a few days
prompts the same scepticism which has always
bn = billion (one thousand million) / although even if / to
buttress to support, to reinforce / to spend, spent, spent to
invest / huge enormous.
7. striking noticeable / to cement to irmly establish / with
facts on the ground here, with visible concrete structures in
place / to depose to remove from power / bloodless without
blood (red oxygenating luid in the body), here, without
violence / to complete to inish.
8. eye-catching visually attractive / currently at present, at
the moment / dusty sandy, dirty / to design to plan
architecturally / to rain in to low / to drive, drove, driven
past to go past in a vehicle / dweller person who lives in a....
9. to prompt to provoke /
Fans of the Qatari soccer club Al Sadd SC
watch a match at the Jassim bin Hamad
Stadium in Doha. (Olya Morvan/The New York Times)
smothered the Qatar bid. It is a small, claustro-
phobic city of skyscrapers and malls, where
people mostly do not walk because in the hot,
impossibly humid summer, only the migrant
workers, who built it all, spend any time out-
side. All societies are unequal and class-based
to some extent, but in Qatar the divides are
extreme. While the Qataris, many of them
English or US-educated, have been blessed with
most privileged lives, the 1.7 million migrant
workers are mostly men from the Indian sub-
continent, brought thousands of miles from
their families, housed in camps, with no ques-
tion of citizenship.
10. It is a little dificult, too, to envisage what the
prospective 1.5 million fans expected for 2022 will
do with their leisure time; beyond the Corniche,
Souq Waqif and a couple of cultural centres,
Doha’s list of tourist activities runs quickly into
shopping malls.
11. Yet almost 10 years into selling his vision,
Thawadi can still brim with enthusiasm and
believes the tournament itself will overcome any
reservations: “The weather is going to be fantas-
tic,” he says. “Sun, sand and beach, you can enjoy
that. We’re adding the desert experience … a
phenomenal, magical experience. And the simple
fact is: the World Cup itself is a spectacle.” l
to smother to sufocate, here, to surround, to envelop, to
eclipse / to some extent to a certain degree / divide division /
to bless to honour, to confer / to house to accommodate.
10. prospective anticipated / leisure time free time / a
couple of a few, two / to run, ran, run into to end up, to lead
to.
11. into after / to brim with to be full of / to overcome,
overcame, overcome to triumph over, to surmount /
reservation doubt.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
Société I Droit du sol I IRLANDE I  B2-C1

The Irish public is overwhelmingly in favour of a

proposal to reinstate birthright citizenship. (SIPA)

THE NEW YORK TIMES ED O’LOUGHLIN

RESTORING
BIRTHRIGHT
CITIZENSHIP
Reinstating the law
allowing citizenship to
people born in Ireland of
immigrant families
At a time when birthright citizenship is
being eroded in some countries, Ireland is
taking a diferent position on the matter. A
recent poll has shown that in fact 71% of
Irish inhabitants are in favour – as opposed
to 2004 when they were happy with being
less generous. A new law has been put
forward to the Senate to allow children of
immigrants born in Ireland, with a
residence of more than three years, the
right to stay. What made the population of
Ireland change its mind so dramatically?

D UBLIN — Ireland, which seems

intent on bucking the illiberal tide
in the West, is at it again: As other countries
move to tighten restrictions on immigra-
tion, the Irish public is overwhelmingly in
favor of a proposal to reinstate birthright
citizenship. A proposed law on the subject
passed a preliminary vote in the Irish Sen-
ate in November, three days after an opinion
poll for the Irish edition of The Sunday
Times of London showed that 71 percent of
respondents favor birthright citizenship,
while 19 percent were opposed and 10 per-
cent undecided.  at a time when President Donald Trump has
2. Should it be enacted, the proposed law
would grant the right to citizenship to any
person who is born in Ireland and subse-
quently lives in the country for three years,
regardless of the parents’ citizenship or
residency status. It would largely reverse the
effect of a 2004 referendum in which 79
percent of voters supported the removal of a
constitutional provision granting citizenship
to anyone born in Ireland.  collected 50,000 signatures within a few
HIGH-PROFILE CASE
3. This remarkable swing in public opinion,
called for ending birthright citizenship in
the United States, follows a high-proile case
in which Eric Zhi Ying Xue, a 9-year-old boy
who was born in Ireland, was threatened in
October with deportation along with his
Chinese mother. His teachers and classmates
at St. Cronan’s School in County Wicklow
rallied around him, and a petition asking the
government not to deport Eric or his mother
days. The family was instead given three
months to make a case to be given legal
permission to remain in the country, a pos-
sible route to full citizenship.  >>>

1. to be intent on to be determined to / to buck to go
against, resist / illiberal antiliberal / tide here, tendency /
...is at it again has just ofered another example / to
tighten to reinforce, restrict / the Irish public the Irish
people / overwhelmingly greatly, by a large majority /
poll survey, study of public opinion / respondent person
questioned.
2. to enact to pass into law / to grant to allow, authorise
/ subsequently after that / regardless irrespective of /
removal withdrawal / provision clause.
3. high-proile prominent, attracting much (media)
attention / case afair / swing sudden change (into
favour, popularity) /
to be threatened with to be in danger of / deportation
expulsion / along with with / classmate fellow student /
to rally around to mobilise, support / within in the space
of / to make, made, made a case to argue for sth / to
remain to stay / route path, way.

VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 • 15

Société Une suggestion ? Ecrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr

>>> OPPONENT obtain citizenship in the Republic of Ireland,

4. As popular as it may be, the birthright which will remain in the bloc. 
citizenship proposal has one critical oppo-
nent: the Irish government, which says it CURRENT SYSTEM
will seek to defeat the new bill. The govern- 6. Under the current system, a person born in
ment’s opposition is based on the special Ireland must have at least one Irish parent, or
relationship between Ireland and Northern several years of legal residency in Ireland by
Ireland, said a spokesman for the Depart- a parent, to qualify for citizenship. Sen. Ivana
ment of Justice and Equality, which has Bacik, who introduced the bill, said the current
responsibility for immigration matters. immigration system was too slow and too
Although Northern Ire- dependent on the opaque
land is part of the Unit- decisions of officials.
ed Kingdom, its people As popular as it may “Over the last few years,
are legally entitled to
both British and Irish
be, the birthright we’ve seen a number of
cases of children born
citizenship.  citizenship proposal and raised in Ireland, yet
has one critical who are threatened with
5. The Irish government opponent: the Irish deportation because
fears that people living government. their parents’ immigra-
illegally in Britain could tion cases have dragged
move to Northern Ire- on for years and years,”
land, give birth to a child there and obtain Bacik said. “It shouldn’t be up to the classmates
Irish citizenship for their child after living of frightened children to mount campaigns
there for three years. The parents could then to have them stay in the country.” 
use the child’s citizenship to obtain resi-
dency anywhere in Ireland or the United 7. The Irish Council for Immigrants, an in-
Kingdom which, though separate countries, dependent nongovernmental organization,
confer extensive mutual residency and said that Eric’s case was part of a broader
travel rights on each other’s citizens. There problem relating to the registration and le-
are also concerns that British residents galization of children who were either born
seeking to retain European rights to free in Ireland to immigrants in the country il-
movement after Britain leaves the European legally or brought to the country when they
Union might use the same mechanism to were very young. 

8. This year, students, teachers and parents

4. critical crucial, important / to seek, sought, sought
here, to try / bill draft of a proposed law / spokesman
representative / matter issue / to be entitled to to have
the right to.
5. to fear to be afraid of, worry about / concern worry /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"it will seek to defeat
the new bill" (§ 4)
bill un projet de loi
mais "bill" a aussi le sens de :
un billet de banque (US)  a $20 bill
l'addition (GB)  Can I have the bill
please?
at a school in Tullamore, County Offaly, suc-
cessfully fought the deportation of Nonso
Muojeke, a 14-year-old who was born in Ni-
geria but has lived in Ireland since he was 2.
“It is really the classmates of these children
who are standing up for them,” said Pippa
Woolnough, spokeswoman for the Irish
Council for Immigrants. “It’s people saying,
‘Hang on, this is Eric or Nonso; I play with
him after school and he’s part of our com-
munity. He’s as Irish as I am.'” l
bloc here, European Union.
6. current present / several numerous / Sen. = Senator
/ oicial high-ranking employee or government
representative / raised having grown up / case here, ile /
to drag on to go on for a long time / to be up to to be the
responsibility of / frightened scared / to mount to

une facture  an electricity bill

organise, set up.
7. broad large, general / registration making an oicial
un acte  bill of indictment (acte record of sth / to here (born) whose (parents are
d'accusation) immigrants).
un contrat  bill of sale (acte de 8. to ight, fought, fought to battle against / to stand,
stood, stood up for to defend, support / hang on wait a
vente) minute.

16 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
 www.vocable.fr

PRATIC’ABLE
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler comme un Anglais…

AUGUSTIN HABRAN

Applis et réseaux
sociaux
Que vous soyez un amateur de selie, un acharné du post ou
que vous ayez un regard plutôt critique sur les réseaux
sociaux, cette page est faite pour vous !

(ISTOCK)
Vocabulaire clé
(news) feed fil d’actualité like « j’aime »
add (as a friend), "friend" ajouter login name nom d’utilisateur Retrouvez cette fiche de vocabulaire lue sur le
addicted accro, addict messaging service de messagerie CD lecture et son commentaire sur la partie
app appli notiication notification basique du CD conversation.
block bloquer page page CD audio ou téléchargement MP3
browse naviguer, surfer password mot de passe
browser navigateur PM (private message) MP
chat conversation
chatroom forum de discussion
(message privé) Expressions à retenir
popular populaire, connu
comment commenter, post publication, post
commentaire
He is totally addicted to social networks… he spends his
privacy confidentialité life on his phone! Il est totalement accro aux réseaux sociaux…
community communauté proile profil il passe sa vie sur son smartphone !
connected connecté proile photo photo de profil
cover photo photo de couverture How many likes did you get for that pic? Combien de likes
publish publier as-tu eu pour cette photo ?
data données remove supprimer
dating app appli de rencontre This video has gone viral! Cette vidéo est devenue virale !
RT, retweet partager un tweet We all know she’s seeking approval, this is sad…. On sait
discussion thread fil de discussion (Twitter)
dislike ne pas aimer tous qu’elle recherche l’approbation de tout le monde, c’est
shallow superficiel triste…
download télécharger
share partager I can’t believe Tom unfriended me! Je n’arrive pas à croire que
emoticon, emoji emoji
sign in, log in se connecter Tom m’ait retiré de ses amis !
event événement
sign out, log out se déconnecter Why did you block him on Facebook? Pourquoi l’as-tu bloqué
ilter filtre
social media, social network sur Facebook ?
ingerprint recognition
réseau social
reconnaissance digitale It’s crazy how people seem to have an amazing life on
stalk traquer, suivre de manière
follower abonné Facebook! C’est dingue comme les gens ont l’air d’avoir une vie
inquiétante
friend « ami » incroyable sur Facebook !
status statut
friend request demande d’ami
group group status update mise à jour de profil
harassment harcèlement tag taguer
IM, instant message message timeline historique Testez-vous
instantané trending phrase / mot populaire
dans le moment (Twitter)
judgement jugement Associez chaque mot de la première liste avec
trendy tendance
lense (littéralement « lentille »)
wall mur
un mot de la seconde :
animation du visage sur Snapchat
1- landscape a - notiication
2- selie b - stick
Bon à savoir 3- meme
4- dish
c - username
d - suicide
Depuis novembre 2017, Facebook a dépassé les 2 milliards d’utilisateurs 5- TBT (Throwback Thursday) e - #noilter
dans le monde ! En 2018, Twitter compte 326 millions d’utilisateurs actifs. 6- log in f- food porn
Instagram et Snapchat en comptent respectivement 1 milliard et 255 millions.
7- harassment g- memories
Chers amis « millenials » (nés entre 1980 et 2000), vous qui avez été la
première génération à utiliser Facebook, sachez que ce réseau est désormais 8- tag h- hilarious
has been pour les plus jeunes… Si Instagram reste populaire, c’est vers SOLUTIONS : 1-e ; 2-b ; 3-h ; 4-f ; 5-g ; 6-c ; 7-d ; 8-a.
Snapchat qu’il faut se tourner désormais.

VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 • 17

PRATIC’ABLE / Grammaire

JOAN GREENWOOD

Verbes réguliers et irréguliers

Piqûre de rappel
 Pour les verbes réguliers, le passé simple
1 Placez chaque verbe, avec son passé simple et son participe
et le participe passé se terminent en “ed” passé, dans la colonne appropriée en suivant les exemples
(exemple: to work  worked). [A] donnés dans la piqûre de rappel.
 Pour les verbes irréguliers, to finish to dream to learn to put to wear to paint to win
- le passé simple et le participe passé to choose to set to speak to buy to bet to spoil to fly
peuvent être diférents (exemple : to see, to shrink to find to drive to swing to spell to use
saw, seen) [B]
- le passé simple et le participe passé
peuvent être les mêmes (exemple : to tell, [A] [B] [C] [D] [E]
told, told) [C] work, worked,
- l’ininitif, le passé simple et le participe worked see, saw, seen tell, told, told cut, cut, cut burned/burnt
passé peuvent être identiques (exemple : ………………... ………………... ………………... ………………... ………………...
to cut, cut, cut) [D]
 Certains verbes peuvent être réguliers ou ………………... ………………... ………………... ………………... ………………...
irréguliers (exemple : to burn : burned ou ………………... ………………... ………………... ………………... ………………...
burnt). [E]
………………... ………………... ………………...
………………...
2 Utilisez des verbes de l’exercice ………………...
1 pour compléter ces phrases. learned/learnt, spell spelled/spelt, dream dreamed/dreamt, spoil spoiled/spoil
win won won, buy bought bought, swing swung swung [D] set set set, put put put, bet bet bet [E] learn
1. We’re ready! We’ve ................ the table and the spoke spoken, ly lew lown, drive drove driven, wear wore worn, shrink shrank shrunk [C] ind, found found,
food is cooked. SOLUTIONS : [A] inish inished inished, paint painted painted, use used used [B] choose chose chosen, speak

2. I have ................ so much since I have been

working with you.
3. Has everyone ...................... ? Would anyone
like any more?
4. I ..................... to him yesterday but he didn’t
tell me much.
5. They ............................ into Heathrow Airport
early this morning.
6. Have they ....................... the baby’s name yet?
7. You .............. that dress last time. Don’t you
want to wear something diferent today?
8. I never ................... I would be the winner!
9. I washed my new pullover in the machine and
it has ....................... .
10. I wonder how many people have ......................
on that horse.
lew, 6.chosen, 7.wore, 8.dreamed/dreamt, 9.shrunk, 10.bet.
SOLUTIONS : 1.set, 2.learned/learnt, 3.inished, 4.spoke, 5.

sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet ! Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr

18 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019

/ Prononciation & Orthographe Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Soignez votre orthographe

Le saviez-vous ?
1 Transformez chaque mot de la colonne A en le complétant avec Comment se repérer
le suixe de la colonne B pour l’inscrire dans la colonne C. à New York ?
Attention, il faut faire quelques adaptations orthographiques !
Manhattan, connu pour son
“grid system” avec les
A B C “streets” qui vont de l’est vers


l’ouest et les “avenues” du nord
announce + iate …………………..
au sud, est divisé en 3 sections :
curious + ity  ………………….. Downtown, qui commence au


sud de Union Square
disaster + ous ………………….. Midtown, qui est au nord de

enter + ance  ………………….. Union Square et qui va jusqu’à

59th Street
exclaim + ation  ………………….. Uptown, qui est au nord de la


partie sud de Central Park
generous + ity …………………..
Fifth Avenue divise Manhattan
hunger + y  ………………….. entre east et west side.


La numérotation des bâtiments
labour + ious ………………….. commence à Fifth Avenue et


part vers l’est et vers l’ouest, ce
proclaim + ation ………………….. qui donne des adresses comme

pronounce + iation  ………………….. 17 East 35th Street et 17 West

35th Street.
pronunciation Certaines avenues ont un nom,
par exemple Madison Avenue
SOLUTIONS : annunciate, curiosity, disastrous, entrance, exclamation, generosity, hungry, laborious, proclamation,

ou bien un numéro + un nom,

par exemple Dr Martin Luther
2 Tendez l'oreille King Boulevard / 125th Street.
Which word contains the same ‘ea’ sound as in ‘wear’?   ear  fair  heard Broadway est une avenue qui
Which word contains the ‘ch’ sound of ‘ache’?   architect  machine  lunch traverse tout Manhattan du

  sew  thought  rough

nord au sud.
Find the word with the same sound as the end of ‘although’.
The ‘i’ sound of ‘site’ is found in which word?   arid  greed  height
Which word rhymes with ‘eight’?   late  height  street
Which word contains the same vowel sound as in ‘how’?   blow  cow  sown
Which word contains the same sound as the ‘s’ of ‘sure’?   measure  lose  pressure
The vowel in ‘square’ does NOT appear in which of these?   rarely  unfair  rather sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
SOLUTIONS : fair, architect, sew, height, late, cow, pressure, rather générale sur notre site internet !

VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 • 19

PRATIC’ABLE / Vocabulaire www.vocable.fr

Jeux de mots
A retenir
1 Tous ces mots igurent dans les articles de ce numéro. 5 mots à mémoriser
Connaissez-vous leur équivalent en anglais britannique ?
dans ce numéro
US GB organic
neighborhood …………………………… bio

gas station ……………………………

harvest
récolte
buzziest ……………………………
seeds
plowed ……………………………
graines
traveled …………………………… greenhouse
pedaled …………………………… serre
a line …………………………… orchards
vergers
a pay check ……………………………

a bedroom community ……………………………

theater …………………………… L'expression idiomatique

center …………………………… “A Gulf city which can put on a
favor …………………………… World Cup from scratch” (§ 6 )
from scratch
program ……………………………
en partant de rien
fall ……………………………
to start from scratch
subway ……………………………
repartir de zéro
cheque, a dormitory town, theatre, centre, favour, programme, autumn, underground to scratch money together
SOLUTIONS : neighbourhood, illing station/petrol station, busiest, ploughed, travelled, pedalled, queue, pay
réussir à amasser de l’argent (en
raclant les fonds de tiroirs)
2 En vous référant au Sur le bout de la langue de la page 26, to scratch a meal together
retrouvez les diférents mots qui ont donné naissance aux
contractions ci-dessous. faire un repas avec des restes ou
avec ce que l’on a chez soi.
I dunno lemme see she mighta done c’mon!
it’s a lotta bucks lotsa people I kinda knew
whadja do? wheredja go? youda known
sur www.vocable.fr
knew, what do/did you do?, where do/did you go?, you would have known Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !
SOLUTIONS :I don’t know, let me see, she might have done, come on!, it’s a lot of bucks, lots of people, I kind of

Ne manquez pas dans le prochain numéro la nouvelle page PRATIC’ABLE : Rédiger une lettre

20 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019

 À 360°
Le tour du monde en V.O.
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(Amer Ghazzal/Shutterstock/SIPA)
Back to the
Commonwealth
The Maldives has applied to rejoin the
Commonwealth, two years after
withdrawing from the organisation under
autocratic president Abdulla Yameen.
Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, Maldives’ new
president, wrote to the Commonwealth
secretary-general in December to request
his country to be readmitted to the
Commonwealth. The Maldives is a former
British colony.
to apply to make a formal request for sth / to
withdraw, drew, drawn to leave, to pull out from /
to request to ask for / former previous.
(SIPA)

New leader
After 18 years, Germany’s ruling Christian Democratic Union has a new leader.
On 29 October, following catastrophic results in recent state elections and flag-
ging poll numbers, German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, chose to resign as the
CDU leader. Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer was elected to succeed her in early
December. A close ally of Angela Merkel’s – who officially backed her during the
succession campaign –, Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer is an economic centrist in
favour of Germany’s minimum wage, but has conservative social views.
ruling in power / lagging declining / poll survey, study of public opinion / to resign to leave (a post) / ally supporter /
to back to support / wage salary.

(SIPA)

The church service that never ends

From October to December, a marathon church service ran for more than six weeks without taking
a break at Bethel Church, in the Dutch city of The Hague. The service started in order to protect an
Armenian family from deportation, as Dutch law prevents the police from disrupting a church
service to make an arrest. The Tamrazyans, who have lived in the Netherlands since 2010, had their
asylum status recently overturned after
a ive-year procedure. More than 550
pastors from about 20 denominations
have taken part in the service.
to run, ran, run to take place, last / Dutch from
Holland, from the Netherlands / The Hague
seat of government and administrative centre of
the Netherlands / in order to to, to be able to /
deportation expulsion, extradition / to
prevent (from) to stop / to disrupt to disturb,
interrupt / Netherlands Holland / to overturn
to cancel, reverse / denomination recognized
autonomous branch of the Christian Church.
(SIPA)
Live chickens to
your door
Food-delivery app Tupuca, which has been
bringing meals to residents of Angola’s
capital, Luanda, since 2016, has started a
new service for its users. Since October, the
latter can buy items such as coal, petrol,
fruit and vegetables from the app, in
addition to the usual take-away meals.
They can also purchase live animals, such
as chickens, pigs or goats!
delivery distribution of goods / app = application /
meal repast / the latter last mentioned / item
product / petrol reined petroleum used as a fuel for
cars etc / take-away here, cooked food from a

restaurant that is ordered online and delivered

somewhere else / goat mammal of the genus Capra.

VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 • 21

Enjeux I Economie I ROYAUME-UNI / ITALIE I  B2-C1
JESSICA BROWN THE INDEPENDENT
MAKING TOMATOES
SUSTAINABLE AGAIN
The production of organic and eco-friendly tomatoes
Mr Organic is a well-known brand in Britain. Its pasta, tomato sauces, and olive oil are the stars of organic shops these days.
Everything started with the humble tomato. This article focuses on the success of an Italian brand that is set to conquer the big
British supermarket chains if it chooses, having already convinced the British people by its unusual story and ethics.
Valerio Simonetti, founder of Mr Organic,
produces all of the brand’s tomato
products. (The Organic Family Ltd.)
W hen he was 14 years old, Vale-
rio Simonetti, founder of Mr
Organic, started working in his father’s to-
mato factory in the coastal city of Latina, just
outside Rome. Nine years later, Simonetti took
over and the farm started growing exclu-
sively organic tomatoes – which are made into
Mr Organic’s hero products, including pas-
sata, ketchup and tomato-based pasta sauces.
2. Now 43, he employs 120 people and produces
12,000 tonnes of tomatoes every year – around
20 trucks a day during harvest which, ideally,
lasts just for the month of August. But the rain
can push back work by more than a week, inflat-
ing costs and delaying important preparation for
the rest of the year – because once August is over,
the work must continue. In the factory, 200kg of
tomatoes are kept in aseptic bags to make ketch-
up for the rest of the year, and just down the road,
the farm gets straight back to work.
PRODUCTION CYCLE
3. “We analyse the seeds to see what worked,
then every December we buy new seeds for the
new season. In February we send these seeds
to the greenhouse as little plants, and when the
crop finishes, you have two or three months
before it starts again,” Simonetti says.
1. founder person who creates or establishes sth /
organic produced naturally without using pesticides/
chemicals / to take, took, taken over to assume
responsibility, to replace sb / to be made into to become.
2. around about, approximately / truck = lorry (UK) /
harvest cutting and gathering of plants or fruits / to last
to take place over, continue for / to push back to be put
of till later / by here, for up to / to inlate to increase,
here, make more costly, expensive / to delay to put of
until later / just down the road nearby, close by / to get,
got, got back to to return to / straight immediately.
3. seed grain from which a plant grows / to work here to
be successful, be efective / greenhouse a house made of
glass, usually for growing plants / crop agricultural plant.
22 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019
4. Mr Organic’s headquarters are in London,
where Simonetti lived when he was studying,
where the company’s other owners live and
where he now visits once a month. But Simon-
etti is every bit Italian; from his reverence for
good, homemade food (he drives to his child-
hood home to eat lunch with his mother every
day), to his penchant for good wine and after-
dinner espresso. But his commitment to or-
ganic farming, he says, has a touch of German
influence.
5. “We test using microbiological analysis. Even
though we own the fields, have our own people
and use organic fertiliser, we never trust it 100
per cent, so we check anyway. I’ve learnt this
from German people. We never find anything,
but we keep doing it.”
THE ORGANIC INDUSTRY
6. But while Simonetti has full confidence in
his company – and himself – he’s less optimis-
tic about the industry in which he operates. Mr
Organic is currently stocked in shops including
Planet Organic, Holland and Barrett and Wait-
rose. Simonetti’s dilemma is whether to stay
loyal to independent stores as the company
4. headquarters central oice / owner proprietor,
director / every bit in all aspects, completely / reverence
respect, veneration / childhood period of being a child /
commitment personal investment, efort and devotion /
farming agriculture, cultivation / touch a little, is in part
due to.
5. even though despite the fact that / own here, of our
choosing (employees) / fertiliser substance with nitrates
which makes soil more fertile / to trust to have faith and
conidence in, believe / anyway in any case, all the same,
nonetheless / to keep, kept, kept (+ ger.) to continue to.
6. while even though / to operate to work / currently at
present, at the moment / to be stocked to be on sale in
(to stock, to have in the store) / whether if (yes or no) /
as while /
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2

grows, or spread out to more
supermarkets.
7. “If we enter properly into su-
permarkets, independent retail-
ers might not be too happy. No
doubt if our pasta sauce costs £2
in an independent shop, it’s going
to cost £1.70 in a supermarket. “If
I look at sales, I’d have to pick su-
permarkets, because this is where
everyone buys from,” he says. “But
independent retailers have been
bringing food to our tables so far
and we don’t want to turn our backs
on them.”
8. Simonetti is confident that more
customers would pay a higher price
if they knew the truth: that many
organic products come from companies that
don’t know their product’s journey from seed
to shelf. “There are so many lies around
products, but our story is very simple be-
cause it’s the truth,” he says. “Brands need
something behind them, they can’t just buy
and sell without knowing where their prod-
ucts come from.
SEED-TO-SHELF
TRANSPARENCY
9. “Other farms grow organic and non-organ-
ic, so the risk of contamination is higher. And
the ethos just isn’t there, they’re not really
organic believers. But they have much better
prices than us. “It’s important that consumers
know that they’re buying organic products
from a company that doesn’t just do organic
on the side.”
10. Simonetti sees the company’s seed-to-shelf
transparency as going hand in hand with being
completely organic – a label that can only be
to spread, spread, spread out here, to expand (into a
greater number of store chains).
7. properly well and truly, completely / retailer shop,
outlet / to pick to choose, opt for / to bring, brought,
brought food to the table to earn one’s living / so far up
to now / to turn one’s back on to abandon.
8. conident sure, certain / customer client, consumer /
journey trip, here, path / shelf here, supermarket section,
department, aisle / lie deception / around surrounding,
concerning / brand trademark / something behind
history, provenance, knowledge of the origins and path of
its products and ingredients.
9. ethos fundamental values, ethic / on the side as an
addition to its principal activity.
10. to go, went, gone hand in hand with to go together
/ label designation, appellation /
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable oferte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
used if at least 95 per cent of a product’s ingre-
dients are organic, from a farm that avoids the
use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides, growth
regulators and livestock feed additives.
11. But, as is par for the course as a small busi-
ness, he resents bigger companies claiming to
have the same values. For Simonetti, organic
is a way of living. And this way of living in-
cludes doing yoga in the ofice every week. “I
call it a change of consciousness,” he says, sit-
ting at his desk overlooking the factory floor,
smoking and pointing proudly at his yoga mat.
THE STORY BEHIND THE
BRAND
12. According to the 2017 Organic Market Re-
port, supermarket sales of organic foods are up
6 per cent and have enjoyed six years of con-
secutive growth, and in the UK alone, seed-to-
shelf brands are thriving – and they also have
the advantage of having a story to tell. In the
UK alone there is Big Bear Cider Mill, which
comes from traditional cider apples grown in
pesticide-free orchards created from regener-
at least as a minimum / to avoid (+ ing) not to do,
refrain from / livestock animals kept on a farm for food
etc / feed additive food supplement.
11. to be par for the course to be normal, usual / to
resent to not appreciate, object to / to claim to declare,
airm, profess / to overlook to have a view of / factory
loor workshop / to point at to indicate with one’s inger /
proudly with an air of satisfaction / mat small loor
covering.
12. according to as stated/reported by / report analysis,
study / up at an increase of / to enjoy here, to have, to
beneit from / growth increase / to thrive, thrived or
throve, thrived or thriven to lourish, prosper / cider
mill place for producing cider / -free without... / orchard
area of land on which fruit trees are grown /
Some of Mr Organic’s
products. (The Organic Family Ltd.)
ated gravel pits, and the British Quinoa Com-
pany, which has toiled to work out how to grow
quinoa in the British climate and now sells to
leading supermarkets – to name a few.
13. Despite the challenges facing Mr Organic
– natural and otherwise – Simonetti is confi-
dent both retailers and consumers will con-
tinue to surrender to the charm and quality of
Mr Organic, and increasingly look to buy into
the stories behind brands. l
to regenerate to renovate, revamp / gravel pit area
featuring stones / to toil to labour, work hard / to work
out to determine, identify / to name (but) a few to cite a
few examples.
13. to face to be confronted by / otherwise here, in other
ways / both the two of them / to surrender to to be
tempted by / increasingly more and more / to look to to
try to, wish to / to buy into to take into account, put value
on, invest in.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Ponctuation
En anglais, contrairement au
français, il n'y a pas d'espace entre
un mot et un signe de ponctuation
lorsque ce dernier est composé de
deux éléments comme :
: ; ? !
Exemples :
if they knew the truth: that many
organic products come ..... (§ 8)
What's next?
Look at that!
VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 • 23
Enjeux I Politique I EUROPE
THE ECONOMIST
THE FIRST
PAN-EU
POLITICAL
PARTY?
A new political party for all
EU countries?
With only a few months to go before the European elections, a young political
movement called Volt is mobilising. Launched last year by young Europeans
disappointed by Brexit, the movement has grown very quickly with members in
over thirty countries. Volt’s objective is to become the irst political pan-
European group in the European Parliament. So who are the young people
making up this movement?
E veryone agrees that the European
Union is not democratic enough, but
they disagree on what to do about it. In 2016,
shocked by the Brexit referendum, a group
of young Europeans who had studied in
Britain decided that one solution might be a
pan-European political party. Their brain-
child, Volt, now has thousands of members
across 30 countries (the EU28 plus Albania
and Switzerland), and will run in the Euro-
pean Parliament elections next year. In Oc-
tober about 450 delegates met in Amsterdam
to approve the party’s programme, in a sea
of youthful optimism and multilingual
policy wonkery.
2. The problem with European parties is that
there aren’t any, explains Volt’s policy chief,
Colombe Cahen-Salvador, a 24-year-old
French human-rights lawyer. Every country
has its own parties. In European Parliament
elections, voters back various national par-
ties, which form groups at the European
1. to disagree to not agree, to difer in opinion /
brainchild invention, idea, creation / EU28 28 countries of
the European Union / to run, ran, run to be a candidate /
youthful young / policy wonkery obsession with politics
(wonk person who is preoccupied with all the details of a
speciic ield).
2. policy chief person in charge of a government’s plan of
action / human-rights lawyer legal expert specialised in
human rights / to back to support /
24 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019
I  B2-C1
(Stantis / Tribune News Service)
level. Citizens cannot be sure what they are
getting. DIEM25, a new leftist movement,
tries to ix this by getting parties in different
countries to adopt one platform.
Volt will face tremendous hurdles. It is
4.
registered in only ten countries and may
succeed in fielding candidates in even
fewer. It will struggle to take votes from
established pro-EU outits, such as green
“THE SAME BRAND ACROSS and liberal parties. It also has some things
EUROPE” going for it: young, clever
3. In contrast, Volt has “the same leaders who look good on tel-
brand and the same policies all Volt has some evision and a bottom-up or-
across Europe”, says Andrea Ven- things going ganisation suited to an age of
zon, a 26-year-old Italian ex-Mc- for it: young, direct democracy. Besides, the
Kinsey consultant who founded
the party with Ms Cahen-Salva-
clever leaders line between the pragmatic
and the idealistic is not al-
dor and a German friend, Da- who look ways so clear. For example,
mian Boeselager. Volt’s members good on Volt wants to slash the parlia-
have spent 18 months debating television. ment’s enormous internal
policies in internet groups and translation costs by requiring
live meet-ups. Different country MEPs to be minimally fluent
chapters disagreed over how emphatically to in English. Talk about Utopianism. l
support gay marriage and the ight against
climate change, but backed both, along with
an EU-wide refugee system and gender quotas
on corporate boards. 4. to face to be confronted by / tremendous
considerable, large / hurdle obstacle, diiculty / to
register to put on an oicial list / to succeed in (+
gerund) to be successful in (+ gerund) / to ield to
level position / leftist left-wing, socialist / to ix to present / to struggle to have diiculties / outit group / it
resolve, to ind a solution to / platform here, political has some things going for it it has some positive aspects
programme. / bottom-up organisation management where all levels
are part of the decision-making process (as opposed to
3. brand trademark, name / in contrast in comparison /
top-down organisation where executive levels make all
meet-up meeting, organised gathering of people /
the decisions) / to be suited to to be adapted to / line
chapter branch, division / emphatically strongly / along
limit / to slash to cut, to reduce signiicantly / MEP =
with together with / EU-wide including the entire
Member of the European Parliament / to be luent in to
European Union / corporate board committee of
have an excellent level of / utopianism idealism.
company directors.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
Culture I Cinéma I ROYAUME-UNI I  C2

Keira Knightley in Wash Westmoreland’s Colette. (Robert Viglasky)

LOS ANGELES TIMES AMY KAUFMAN

KEIRA KNIGHTLEY LOOKS

TO COLETTE FOR COURAGE
Colette: a new hero for Keira Knightley
In the ilm, Colette, in cinemas from 16 January, Keira Knightley portrays the famous French novelist. When she discovers an
artistic Parisian crowd, Colette is still dealing with the many demands of her eccentric and somewhat domineering husband,
“Willy” (Dominic West), himself an idolised author of the time and inveterate womaniser. Interview with this vivacious English
actress who, once again, gives us a knock-out performance.

T ORONTO — At irst, Keira Knightley

thought everything was going to be
ine. Her pregnancy had been delightful, so
she’d give birth to her irst child and then con-
tinue working at her normal pace. A Broadway
show and two ilms in a year? Try her. But after
Knightley had her daughter, Edie, things didn’t
go according to plan. She was hormonal, for
one. And tired. Because Edie never seemed to
sleep. Still, she intended to keep her obligations.
She performed eight times a week in a stage
production of Therese Raquin and then ilmed
a supporting role in the drama Collateral Beauty.
1. pregnancy state of being pregnant (having a baby
developing inside your body) / delightful wonderful /
pace speed / Try her why not? / according to conforming
to, here, according to plan as planned / … for one to
start with / still all the same / to intend to plan, to have
the intention to / to perform to be on stage / stage
production theatre production / supporting role
secondary role / Collateral Beauty (VF) Beauté cachée.
2. But in the summer of 2016, staring down
the lead role in the period drama
Colette, Knightley decided she
needed a break. “I was like, ‘I
push the start date on Colette — “no one
welcomes that news,” he said
— but that delay ended up be-
ing “the best thing that ever
can’t. I literally can’t,’” the actress happened.” The ilmmaker was
said. “I am so tired. I am so hor- able to spend the year inessing
monal. I can’t deal with this big the script about the renowned
character right now. So they French novelist, who initially
very sweetly said, ‘We’ll put it wrote under her husband’s
off for a year.’”  name until her work became so
successful in the early 1900s
MOTHERHOOD that she fought for recognition. 
3. Director Wash Westmore-
land wasn’t exactly thrilled to 4. Sitting in a hotel conference
room, her Chanel lats looking
almost too nice against the >>>
2. to stare down to confront by looking at sb directly in
the eyes / lead role main role / period set in a speciic
historical time in the past / to deal, dealt, dealt with to
handle, to cope with / character personality / to put, delay act of putting sth to a later date / to inesse to
put, put sth of to postpone, to delay. polish, to reine the inishing touches to / script dialogue
and written directions for actors / renowned famous /
3. motherhood role of being a mother / director person in novelist writer / work oeuvre.
charge of making a ilm / thrilled delighted, very happy /
4. lats ballerina lat shoes /

VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 • 25

 Culture I Cinéma I ROYAUME-UNI
>>> brashly patterned carpet, Knightley has delved
into discussing motherhood even though it’s
a topic she thinks the media generally mis-
handles. Knightley spends a lot of time think-
ing about gender roles. Growing up, when she
began to think about an acting career, it was
the male parts she dreamt of having. At age
12, she spent one summer obsessively watch-
ing The Godfather, dreaming of playing Mi-
chael Corleone. She liked that he was a mor-
ally ambiguous hero. 
FINDING A HEROINE
5. “So I’ve always been looking for my heroes.
I know the guys, but I don’t know the women,”
she said. “I’m using heroes instead of heroines,
because in my head, heroines are still second
to a man.” Colette, she felt, was a hero. Knight-
ley wanted a bit of her courage and felt like she
was “standing tall” when she embodied her.  came a household name after she was cast in
6. “Women feel shame or that we should hide
in so many ways — parts of our personality
that aren’t feminine enough or what we’re
meant to be,” she said. “And with Colette, she
just went, ‘Boom, this is what I am.’ I love that.
I don’t think I’m that strong. I think I’ve still
got a bit of, ‘Oh, (hell). I want to say the right
thing.’” In the past year, in particular, Knight-
ley said she’s been grappling with how much
to use her voice. She’s happy to be asked about
“more than lip gloss” — she’s been a face of
Chanel for a decade now — but it’s new to her.  past through rose-colored glasses: “And have
7. “The idea ive years ago of being political in
an interview — you would never,” she said.
“And now suddenly, the world is a political
place with Brexit in England, with Trump.”
And the #MeToo movement. Knightley said
she attended two Time’s Up meetings in the
U.K., which she found interesting. But she felt
slightly out of place. “They’re amazing women,
but I’m, like, ‘Holy (crap), they’re really proac-
tive and organized, and I’m just not,’”she said.  been offered — which doesn’t mean that that’s
brashly ostentatiously / patterned printed with a
decoration / carpet covering of material on the loor / to
delve into to explore the subject of / topic subject / to
mishandle to speak about incompetently / part role /
The Godfather (VF) Le Parrain.
5. ...are still second to... are still considered as less
important than... / to stand, stood, stood tall to feel
proud and conident / to embody to portray, to represent.
6. shame humiliation / to be meant to to be supposed to
/ to grapple with to contend with, to have diiculties with
/ lip gloss shiny transparent make-up worn on lips /
decade period of ten years.
7. to attend to be present at / slightly a little / amazing
fantastic, incredible / Holy crap oh my God!.
26 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019
I  C2
Keira Knightley as Colette and Dominic West as Willy in Colette. (Robert Viglasky)
BEGINNINGS
8. Knightley was a teenager when she irst
garnered public acclaim in the 2002 soccer
ilm Bend It Like Beckham, and a year later be-
the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise. Mean-
while, Knightley has earned a reputation for
playing the leading lady in period dramas such
as Pride & Prejudice, which brought her an
Oscar nomination in 2006, and Atonement —
something she returns to with Colette.
SHE’S NOT NOSTALGIC
9. She doesn’t know why she’s offered so many
period ilms — “I think I just look good in very
big dresses,” she said with a laugh. She isn’t
some hopeful time traveler who looks at the
pleurisy and die of scarlet fever and have
(feces) rolling down the loor? No, I think the
reality of any of those times before public
health and women’s right to choose were
pretty … brutal.” 
10. But she tends to ind that period ilms
feature more interesting female characters
who aren’t just window dressing or exploita-
tion fodder. “A lot of the characters that I’ve
the only characters out there in modern-day
8. to garner public acclaim to gain critical and public
praise / soccer = football (GB) / Bend It Like Beckham
(VF) Joue-la comme Beckham / household name famous
name, name known to everyone / to be cast to be
selected for a role / meanwhile at the same time / to
earn to gain / Pride and Prejudice (VF) Orgueil et Préjugés
/ to bring, brought, brought here, to win / Atonement
(VF) Reviens-moi.
9. to look at sth through rose-colored glasses to look
at sth in an unrealistic and excessively optimistic way /
scarlet fever contagious illness characterized by fever and
a red rash / feces (US) = faeces (GB) excrement / health
physical and mental well-being / pretty quite, rather.
10. to feature to have / window dressing decoration /
fodder here, material for... /
pieces — have either been the wife, the girl-
friend or the sexy rape victim,” she said. “I’m
all up for a story if it’s really looking at rape
and the consequences — but what I felt with
some of the stories I was offered was it was
purely for titillation.” 
11.Asked if she’s felt an increasing sense of
power in the industry as she’s aged, the actress
said she’s noticed in the last ive years that
“people think I’m good at what I do.” “Where-
as before, it was like, ‘She’s just a pretty face
and she can’t do that,’ “ said Knightley, who
was nominated for a second Oscar in 2014 for
her supporting turn in The Imitation Game.
“There’s been a switch, and I feel quite good
about that. There was a moment where it
didn’t feel like that was gonna happen.” l
piece here, movie / rape crime of forcing sb to have sex /
to be up for to be willing to try / titillation (sexual)
excitement.
11. increasing growing / sense feeling / industry here,
ilm industry / to notice to observe / turn role / switch
change / gonna = going to.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Quelques exemples de
contractions dans le
langage familier
américain :
That was gonna happen (§ 11)  That
was going to happen
I don't wanna see him  I do not
want to see him
I aint gonna do it  I am not going to
do it
Gotcha  I have got you  I
understand
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Culture I Littérature I ETATS-UNIS I  C2

NIVEAU BASIQUE DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE

Poet, Novelist, Scriptwriter, Pen Pal? Listen to a bit about words on
the Basic with Shelly De Vito and her guests Bibi and Dario.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)

The University of Iowa, home to the famous Writers’ Workshop, now has a
television-writing course. (Till Lauer/The New York Times)
THE NEW YORK TIMES HENRY ALFORD

WRITING FOR TV
Writing for the small screen
Margaret Atwood with The Handmaid’s Tale, George R.R. Martin with Game of Thrones, Tom Perrotta with The Leftovers...
Nowadays our most important novelists are writing for television. They often provide their services as screenwriters or
consultants for the small screen. Will TV series such as these eventually be treated with the same nobility as the great
novels?

T he borders between television and

prose iction grow ever porous. At
the University of Iowa’s Writers’ Workshop
— a bastion of literary purity for aspiring
novelists and poets, which, not coincidentally,
has been featured on the TV show “Girls” —
evidence of this porousness is sometimes
subtle: “It happened a few years ago,” said the
workshop’s director, Lan Samantha Chang.
“Everyone was suddenly using the word ‘re-
veal’ as a noun.”  university’s theater arts department.  Workshop graduate herself, said, “I hope it
2. But such understated evidence of permeabil-
ity between idioms has had a chance to swell
in size on the university’s campus this fall,
when veteran TV writers Mitchell Burgess and
Robin Green (“Northern Exposure,” “The So-
pranos,” “Blue Bloods”) launched a class called
Writing for Television. “Many of the applicants
for the class that Mitch and Robin were most
interested in are students coming out of ic-
tion,” said Alan MacVey, chairman of the
ESTEEMED NOVELISTS
3. In a world in which some of our more suc-
cessful or esteemed novelists — Margaret
Atwood, Gillian Flynn, George R.R. Martin,
Salman Rushdie, Neil Gaiman, Megan Abbott
and David Benioff, to name only a few — have
written or are writing for the small screen,
literary academia has less reason than ever to
be sheepish about preparing its charges for the
solaces of a healthy paycheck. Green, a Writer’s
>>>

1. border frontier, boundary, limit / ever constantly
more (and more) / writers’ workshop creative writing
seminar / aspiring ambitious, hopeful / novelist
person who writes iction / not coincidentally not by
chance / to feature to include / show TV series /
evidence (inv.) proof / subtle discreet / reveal (new
noun from the verb to reveal) revelation, scoop.
2. understated discreet / to swell, swelled, swelled
or swollen to increase / fall (US) = autumn (GB) /
veteran very experienced / Northern Exposure
(VF) Bienvenue en Alaska / class course / applicant
candidate / chairman president / theater arts (US)
= theatre arts (GB) dramatic arts.
3. esteemed prestigious, respected / successful
having achieved success / small screen television /
academia the academic world / sheepish slightly
embarrassed / charge person one takes care of, here,
student / for the solaces of... for the comforts of... /
healthy considerable, substantial / paycheck salary /
graduate person with a university degree /

VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 • 27

 Culture
David Simon, the creator of the TV series “The
Wire." (Zach Gibson/The New York Times)
>>> doesn’t take away from writers practicing their
art. There’s quality work on TV now. It’s not as
shameful to write for it as it once was.”  would be “a novel for television” and that “each people want to download the next episode.”
4. If, as William Faulkner once put it, “Holly-
wood is the place on earth where you can get
stabbed in the back while you’re climbing a
ladder,” what or who has made television
palatable to Faulkner’s spiritual offspring?
Many would point to David Simon, the creator,
show runner and head writer of “The Wire,” a
show that helped put longform, multistoried
episodic television on the map.  several episodes or a whole season: “They can coming series “Central Park Five.” “But I can’t
to take, took, taken away to detract, to prevent /
shameful embarrassing, humiliating / once in the
past.
4. to stab in the back to put a knife into sb’s back /
ladder structure for climbing up and down, here,
hierarchy / palatable acceptable / ofspring (inv.)
children / to point to to refer to, to mention / show
runner person who has creative authority and
management responsibility for a TV show / The Wire
(VF) Sur écoute / longform ou long-form long in
duration / multistoried on many diferent levels /
episodic television TV series shown in episodes / to
put, put, put on the map to establish.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Attention aux faux
amis !
a novel = un roman
une nouvelle = a short story / a
novella
a novelist est donc un romancier / une
romancière
28 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
DAVID SIMON a conference table looking at other humans for
5. Simon was a former crime reporter for The many hours a day takes a kind of mental en-
Baltimore Sun who had written two doorstops ergy,” said Charles Yu, author of How to Live
of narrative noniction (Homicide and, with Safely in a Science Fictional Universe and a
writer Edward Burns, The Corner), both of ive under 35 honorees by The National Book
which he turned into television series. In 2001, Foundation who has gone on to write for
while Simon was in the throes of creating “The “Westworld,” “Here and Now” and “Legion.” 
Wire,” his then-girlfriend, crime novelist
Laura Lippman, told Si- 8. Another entity that nov-
mon about her friend, elists struggle with when
novelist George Peleca-
nos. Simon recently re-
Simon maintains writing for TV is economy.
“With novels, I could write
counted, “She said, ‘This that novelists are 15 pages on a piece of fur-
guy is writing in the particularly well- niture if I wanted,” said
same tonality and ver-
nacular as you.'” Simon
suited for longform Crazy Rich Asians author
Kevin Kwan, who is work-
read some of Pelecanos’ television. ing on an original series
work and then hired him for Amazon. “But in TV,
to write for “The Wire,” one page is one minute.
telling him, in Pelecanos’ words, that the show You’ve got sixty pages to tell a story and make
 
episode would be like a chapter in a book.” 
9. Do novelists worry that their participation
6. Once on “The Wire”’s writing staff, Peleca- in the time-consuming but highly lucrative
nos introduced Simon to novelist Richard world of television might cause them to squan-
Price, who also came on board the show. Simon der their iction careers, gradually transform-
said, “After that, I said, ‘Who’s next?’ We de- ing them from ink-stained wretches to Malibu
cided Dennis Lehane.” Simon maintains that caftan-wearers? “That is a favorite topic in my
novelists are particularly well-suited for long- therapist’s ofice,” said Attica Locke, who has
form television, where stories unspool over written for “Empire” and Ava DuVernay’s up-
see the whole.” Currently, his writers on HBO’s eat off books. I can’t send my kid to private
“The Deuce,” which he created with Pelecanos, school off books.” 
include Price as well as crime novelists Megan
Abbott and Lisa Lutz. The experience has “re- 10. Locke offers a sterling example of how
quired us all to leave some authority and ego writing for TV can actually aid a writer’s prose.
at the door and engage in a collective act of “I wrote my last book, Bluebird, Bluebird, in
storytelling,” Simon said.  between seasons of ‘Empire,’ and then during
the third season. When I inally showed it to
COLLABORATION my agent, he couldn’t believe how short it was!
7. Indeed, for many novelists who make the He said, ‘The best thing you got out of ‘Empire’
transition to TV writing, collaboration — and is brevity!’ All my other books were over 400
the threat it poses to a iction writer’s default pages.” Bluebird, Bluebird went on to be a inal-
setting of solitary, gauzy daydreaming — is ist for The Los Angeles Times Book Prize and
chief among the challenges. “Having to sit at win the 2018 Edgar Award for Best Novel. The
book is — here’s the reveal, folks — being de-
veloped as a TV series. l
5. doorstop thick book / to be in the throes of (+
gerund) to be in the middle of doing sth diicult, to be
honoree laureate / who has gone on to write... who
struggling with / then at-the-time / to recount to tell,
has advanced in one’s career and written....
to relate, to describe / vernacular (local) language /
to hire to recruit. 8. to struggle with to have diiculties with / a piece of
6. to come, came, come on board to join the team /
furniture object inside a room like a table or chair / to
to be well-suited to have the right proile / to
download to transfer from the internet to a computer.
unspool to develop / whole entire / to engage in to 9. to squander to waste, to use carelessly /
become involved in / storytelling art of narrating a ink-stained covered in ink / wretch miserable person
/ caftan long tunic worn in the Middle East / topic
story.
subject / upcoming which will soon come out / of
7. default setting automatic position / gauzy
here, from the money made from writing.....
vaporous / daydreaming reverie / to be chief among
sth to be the main... / 10. sterling example perfect example / folks people
/ to develop to adapt.
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 Échos
Brèves de culture
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(Kristina Banholzer Photography)

Welsh duo
Two teenage rock musicians from rural
North Wales have become the irst band to
pass one million plays with a Welsh
language song on the streaming service,
Spotify. Dion Jones and Sion Land, 18,
whose band is called Alfa, broke the record
with their song “Gwenwyn” (“Poison”). With
this hit, the band acquired fans in the UK

(Hartswood Films/REX/SIPA)
and the US as well as in countries such as
Brazil, Mexico and Poland. “It’s really weird
to think people are listening to our music all
over the world. That’s a bit scary, really,”
Dion Jones said, after acknowledging how
amazing the experience has been.
welsh from Wales (capital: Cardif) / band (musical)
group / play here, times listening to a song / Spotify

Live Sherlock music streaming service / to break, broke, broken

the record to beat a previously set record / hit
popular, successful musical track / weird strange /
In the United Kingdom, Doctor Who and Sherlock Holmes are the stars of new scary frightening / to acknowledge to recognize /
amazing extraordinary, incredible.
immersive games. In December, a Sherlock-themed interactive escape game, fea-
turing Benedict Cumberbatch and other cast members of the TV series, opened
its doors in West London. And this month, the world’s irst escape room experi-
ence, based on Doctor Who, is opening in Bristol. It is set to open in ive other
English cities in the coming months. Last but not least, a Doctor Who Film Tour
and Exhibition will open in Cardiff’s Norman Castle next summer. The writers
behind both BBC series have been involved in developing these experiences.

(Rex Features/REX/SIPA)
escape game physical adventure game in which players solve a series of puzzles and riddles using clues, hints, and
strategy to complete the objectives / to feature to include, here, featuring with / cast member actor / to be set to to
be scheduled/planned to / last but not least although mentioned last, not less important than the others / tour guided
visit / exhibition public display, show / to be involved in to participate in.

Bond villain
Upcoming novel
(Andrew H. Walker/Deadline/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)

American actor Rami Malek, star of the recent movie

Bohemian Rhapsody, is said to have been approached John le Carré’s new novel, Agent Running
by producers to play the new villain in Bond 25, the in the Field, will come out in October 2019.
The emblematic British author’s 25th
upcoming movie in the British spy franchise. However,
novel will be set in London and will tackle
the actor might not be able to accept the role due to his “the division and rage at the heart of our
commitments to US series Mr Robot, which ilms its inal modern world.” Its main protagonist will
season next year. To be continued... be a 26-year-old “solitary” man making
villain evil character / upcoming coming soon, future / spy dangerous connections while trying to resist
secret agent, here, espionage / due to because of / commitment the new political turbulence.
agreement, promise / to be continued... watch this space...
novel book, work of iction / to be set to take place
/ to tackle to deal with, to address the subject
of / main principal / to make, made, made
connections to make contacts.

VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 • 29

Découverte I Histoire I EQUATEUR I  B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Aujourd'hui, les producteurs de cacao équatoriens
Equateur commencent à s'organiser en associations et à toucher une
rémunération plus juste pour leur travail. Découvrez le
reportage vidéo et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/vidéos-anglais

THE GUARDIAN NICOLA DAVIS

ORIGIN OF CHOCOLATE
SHIFTS 1,400 MILES AND
1,500 YEARS
New research revealed on the roots of the cacao tree (to shift to move / 1 mile = 1.6 km)
We thought the history of chocolate and its origins were well known, until recently when a team of Canadian researchers
completely overturned the idea that small cocoa beans were used for the irst time 3,100 years ago in Latin America. They have
traced cocoa to a much earlier period from ceramic objects on an archeological site in Ecuador.

T he key ingredient of chocolate was

being used in South America centu-
ries before it was exploited by civilisations in
Mexico and Central America, according to new
research. The cacao tree, and in particular the
drinks made from its dried seeds, has long been
linked to the Maya and other ancient civilisa-
tions in Mesoamerica – a heritage embraced
by chocolate companies that produce goods
with monikers like Maya Gold. 

2. But now experts say seeds from the cacao

tree were irst used in present-day Ecuador by
members of the Mayo Chinchipe culture, in
research that pushes back the date of the irst
cacao use by about 1,500 years and shifts the
location of the culinary event 1,400 miles to
the upper Amazon. “It is used by people in this
area more than 5,000 years ago – way earlier
than we have ever found in Mesoamerica and
Central America,” said Prof Michael Blake, a
co-author of the research from the University
of British Columbia in Canada. “It [tells] us that
it was domesticated or at least under the process
of domestication in this area.” 

1. century period of 100 years / according to as stated/

shown by... / research (inv.) study and investigation of a
subject to discover new facts / dried preserved through
dehydration / seed grain / to link to connect / to
embrace to adopt, to accept (enthusiastically) / goods
products / moniker name.
2. location place / area region / way (earlier) much earlier.
(Amber Fouts/The New York Times)

30 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2
 Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter

NIVEAU AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE

A nibble a day? One of our guests cannot resist good chocolate; the other
cannot resist good packaging. Find out who's who on the Advanced recording.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)

MAYO CHINCHIPE ITEMS ground and used in the vessels,” said Blake,
3. Writing in the journal Nature Ecology and adding that the lavourful hot cacao drink as- SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Evolution, Blake and colleagues describe how sociated with Mesoamerica is made this way. 
they made the discovery at a site in the high- Trois exemples de
lands of Ecuador called Santa Ana-La Florida. RITUAL BEHAVIOUR phrasal verbs (verbes à
Thought to have been lived in 6. Blake said the discovery of particule) avec "up"
between about 5,500 and 3,300 traces of cacao in fancy containers, que vous trouverez
years ago, the site caused a stir The discovery some of which were funeral offer- dans cet article :
when discovered in 2002 be- backs up ings found in tombs, means it
- a point backed up by radiocarbon
cause it revealed a previously previous hints might have been an important dating (§ 5) (confirmer)
unknown ancient society now
called the Mayo Chinchipe cul-
that cacao part of feasting and ritual behav-
iour. “It means even in these dis-
- a substance cropped up in ceramic
ture. The team analysed items might have
and stone artefacts (§ 4) (se
tant times it was a special use of présenter)
including stone mortars, ce- been used long this delicious beverage, and may-
- they turned up trumps (§ 5) (donner
ramic bowls, bottles and jars for ago in Ecuador. be even ceremonial beverage, that le résultat espéré)
traces of cacao.  drew people’s attention to it and
perhaps sparked its movement
4. The results reveal six of the artefacts tested throughout the rest of the Americas,” he said. 
contained starch grains from a group of plants ancient ceramics from the area decorated with
to which the cacao tree belongs – grains found 7. The discovery backs up previous hints that pictures of cacao pods have been found, while
in particular parts of plants, including the seeds. cacao might have been used long ago in Ecuador: previous research that has shown that the upper
What’s more, theobromine – a bitter-tasting Amazon is home to the greatest genetic diver-
substance found in high concentrations in cacao sity of Theobroma cacao – the cacao tree. “It
seeds – cropped up in 25 ceramic and 21 stone to grind, ground, ground to crush / lavourful full of conirms what botanists have long suspected
artefacts. Members of the team also looked at lavour, delicious. – that the Amazonian region is where we might
6. behaviour conduct, practice, custom / fancy
ancient genetic material in pottery from the site, elaborately decorated / container box / to feast to
expect to ind some of the irst use,” said Blake. l
inding that several fragments bore mitochon- celebrate an event with a large, festive meal / beverage
drial DNA – genetic material from within the drink / to draw, drew, drawn to attract / to spark to
cells – that could only be from cacao.  provoke, to start / throughout across, all over. pod seedcase / to be home to to have / to expect to
7. hint indication, sign / predict, to anticipate.

5. “They were [also] able to ind speciic nu-

clear gene sequences from cacao in some of the
samples,” said Blake, adding that the damage
seen in the DNA showed it was not modern
contamination – a point backed up by radio-
SÉJOURS
carbon dating of charred material found inside LINGUISTIQUES
the vessels, some of which was dated to more
than 5,000 years ago. Various bottles and bowls & VACANCES
turned up trumps on all three tests. Together,
says Blake, the indings point to a revelation. JEUNES
“The [cacao] seeds themselves were being

3. item object / highlands mountainous region / to

cause a stir to create excitement / previously before, in
IM012100014

the past / mortar bowl in which substances are crushed.

4. artefact object of historical/cultural interest / starch
carbohydrate / to belong to be related to (a species) /
05 65 77 10 47
bitter-tasting with an acrid taste / to crop up to appear / www.verdiehello.com
to bear, bore, borne to contain / DNA nucleic acid which
carries genetic information / cell smallest unit of an organism.
5. sample extract, specimen / to add to say / damage destinations
harm / to back up to support, to corroborate, to conirm / humaines
charred burned / vessel container, bowl / to turn up
trumps to produce a successful result / indings results of
a scientiic study / to point to to indicate /

VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 • 31

Découverte I Environnement I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO The bald eagle
Le barrage de Conowingo, dans le Maryland, est l’endroit Population: about 70,000 bald eagles in the whole of North America
idéal pour observer des aigles à tête blanche. Découvrez Habitat: near water (coasts and lakes). Abundant in Alaska and Canada.
le reportage vidéo et testez votre compréhension sur Average life span in the wild: up to 28 years
www.vocable.fr/vidéos-anglais Favourite food: carrion and fish

THE ECONOMIST

HOW THE BALD EAGLE

SOARED AGAIN

(Istock)
Return of the Bald Eagle from endangered/near extinct status in the U.S.
The sea eagle, also known as the “bald eagle” due to its white head, emblem of the United States, was considered near
extinction in the 1960s. Since then, thanks to a series of long term conservation measures put in place, the species is no longer
endangered. Article on a rare ecological success story.

A n avian stalker follows the course of a

shallow river in Wisconsin. The river’s
edge is wooded; ish occasionally leap from the
water. With a beat of its dark wings, a bald eagle
1. avian stalker a bird watcher / course direction, route /
shallow not deep / edge side, border, bank / to leap,
leaped or leapt, leaped or leapt from to jump out of /
beat lap, movement / wing part of the body of a bird/
insect that it uses for lying /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Comment exprimer un
mouvement
d’ascension ("up") et
de descente ("down") ?
its population is soaring again"(§ 1)
(monter en flèche)
the eagle’s fall was dramatic"(§ 2)
(chuter)
its numbers had plummeted"(§ 2)
(baisser brusquement)
glides along, its head white in the early autumn
sunshine. Tourists witnessing the majestic sight
might believe they are seeing something rare.
They are not. The bird, America’s national sym-
bol, was driven almost to extinction in the 1960s,
but its population is soaring again. In June 2007
federal oficials said it no longer even counts as
an endangered species. Its recovery is a dra-
matic environmental success. What made bald
eagles great again?
A DRAMATIC FALL
2. The eagle’s fall was dramatic. By one estimate
America had some 100,000 nesting pairs in 1782,
to glide along to move easily through the air / to witness
to observe, see irsthand / [it] was driven almost to
extinction almost disappeared completely / oicial high-
ranking employee or government representative / no
longer not any more / even also / to count to be
considered as / endangered species (inv.) type of
animal under threat / recovery revival, return to normal /
dramatic spectacular / what made bald eagles great
again ref to Make American Great Again (Donald Trump
campaign slogan).
2. estimate approximate calculation / to nest to build a
home (for laying eggs) /
when it was chosen as the national symbol be-
cause of its evident freedom and strength.
(Benjamin Franklin lamented the choice, though,
describing the eagle as a bird of “bad moral
character. He does not get his living honestly.”)
Within a century its numbers had plummeted.
3. The reasons were various. Settlers cleared the
nesting habitats and waterways that were home
to waterfowl and other prey. Farmers saw the
birds as destructive scavenger-predators and
hunted them. (They did have some grounds for
complaint: a farmer of free-range chickens in
Georgia, for example, blames bald eagles on his
property for killing stock worth millions of dol-
to lament to deplore, regret / though however / to get,
got, got one’s living here, to feed itself / within in the
space of / century period of 100 years / to plummet to
decrease rapidly, fall dramatically.
3. settler colonist / to clear to make clear, empty, make the
way free for / waterway navigable route, river, stream etc /
to be home to to be the place where sth is located /
waterfowl aquatic bird / prey animal that is hunted and
killed by another for food / scavenger animal that eats other
dead animals / to hunt to chase an animal to kill and eat it /
grounds reasons / complaint objection, criticism /
free-range animals free to live outdoors / to blame to hold
responsible / stock farm animals / worth having a value of /

32 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  diicile C1-C2

lars over recent years.) And the birds were poi-
soned by accident, because they scavenged
smaller birds that had already been illed with
lead shot by hunters. By 1940 Congress noted
that the eagles faced probable extinction, and
passed an act that forbade people to do them any
harm. By 1963 only 487 nesting pairs survived
in mainland America, though Alaska had a
healthier population.
LAWS
4. By a decade or so ago, however, nearly 10,000
nesting pairs were thought to be in the contigu-
ous United States. The national total is probably
substantially higher today, though in places like
Vermont state rules still count the bird as threat-
over during / to be illed with here to contain / lead a
heavy, malleable metal (used in plumbing for example) /
to shoot, shot, shot to ire a gun at / to face to risk / to
pass to adopt, to vote in / act legislation / any harm hurt
or damage / mainland continental (as opp. to island) /
healthy here, important, substantial.
4. law legislation / decade period of ten years /
contiguous here, continental / place area, region,
location, here state / rule code of regulations / to
threaten to menace, endanger /
© Photo Alexis Limousin et Fotolia
APPRENTISSAGE, ALTERNANCE & MÉTIERS
Découvrez les formations et les métiers qui recrutent dans votre région. OBJECTIF : EMPLOI !
25 - 26 JANVIER • PARIS EX
INVITATION SUR
Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture.
ened. The 1940 law no doubt helped with the
recovery. Laws ordering a great expansion of
protected natural areas, such as national and
state parks, protected more habitat. Most impor-
tant, however, was the banning of DDT. This
chemical was used as a pesticide to control
mosquitoes and other pests, especially in the
early post-war years, and posed one of the grav-
est threats to the bald eagle’s survival. DDT that
the eagles absorbed from contaminated ish
weakened the shells of their eggs and limited
reproduction (other birds, such as brown peli-
cans, were also affected). In 1972 the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) banned the use
of DDT, and the bird’s recovery since then has
been strong.
expansion extension / area region, zone / such as like /
banning prohibiting the use of / DDT organochloride
known for its insecticidal properties and environmental
impacts / chemical chemical substance / pest harmful
insect, plant or animal, parasite / especially particularly /
early irst, initial / to pose to constitute, represent / to
weaken to make weaker, impair / shell hard outer
covering / since then from that date forward.
SALON DE
DU CAP À BAC + 5 DE 15 À 30 ANS
RTE DE VERSAILLES
PO PO
5. Given threats to the actions of the EPA from
the current American administration, that suc-
cess is worth recalling. Nobody is seriously
proposing a return to the widespread use of DDT
in America, though occasional worries about
mosquito-borne diseases, such as Zika or the
West Nile virus, provoke questions on doing so.
Getting the eagle back was a victory that Amer-
icans of any political persuasion could celebrate:
it came about because oficials employed a sci-
entiic approach to understanding an environ-
mental threat, then implemented regulations to
limit harm done by humans to nature. l
5. given in view of / current present / to recall to
remember / widespread extensive, general / mosquito-
borne carried and transmitted by mosquitoes / disease
illness, health disorder / West Nile virus a lavivirus
originally isolated in eastern Africa, transmitted by
mosquitoes, usually between birds, and sometimes in
humans / to provoke to cause, set of / on doing so here,
in considering the reintroduction of pesticides / to get,
got, got back here, to save from extinction / persuasion
ideology, political party / to come, came, come about to
happen, make possible / to implement to put into action,
apply / regulations rules, laws.
AVEC LE SOUTIEN DE
Espaces conseils personnalisés :
emploi - orientation
Conférences et rencontres
VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019 • 33
Les sorties
sur www.vocable.fr jouez et gagnez...
Des entrées pour des ilms et des expositions, des CD et des DVD, des romans, des voyages…
Avec Keira Knightley, Dominic West et Denise Gough.
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Prismism est le premier album solo
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Pretty Faithful / Modulor - 14€99
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34 • VOCABLE Du 10 au 23 janvier 2019
Retrouvez plus de coups de cœur sur www.vocable.fr
CINÉMA
COLETTE
De Wash Westmoreland
Châtillon-sur-Loing, 1893. Gabrielle Sidonie Colette, jeune
femme à l’esprit rebelle, épouse Henry Gauthier-Villars, dit
« Willy », un proliique auteur de romans populaires et
coureur de jupons invétéré. Lorsque Colette s’installe à
Paris avec son mari, elle découvre avec intérêt le milieu
artistique parisien. Mais les romans de Willy,
majoritairement écrits par des nègres, se vendent
diicilement. Colette est alors mise à contribution.
Claudine à l’école, son premier roman, publié sous le nom
de Willy, connaît un immense succès et fait de Willy une
star. Mais Colette a soif de liberté et de reconnaissance...
Un biopic anglo-américain sur l’emblématique et
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Pourtant, Colette, portée par l’interprétation magistrale de TÉLÉVISION
Keira Knightley et une réalisation soignée, ne déçoit pas.
Un bel hommage à celle qui a marqué le paysage littéraire PRÊTE À TOUT
du début du XXe siècle et mis l’irrévérence au goût du jour. De Gus Van Sant
La jeune et séduisante Suzanne
Stone rêve de devenir une
journaliste de télévision vedette et
est prête à tout pour parvenir à ses
ins. Ain de s’assurer un certain
EXPOSITION
confort matériel, elle épouse Larry,
IL ÉTAIT UNE FOIS SERGIO issu d’une famille fortunée. Mais
LEONE lorsque Larry manifeste son envie
Plus que quelques jours pour profiter d’avoir des enfants et demande à
de la rétrospective Sergio Leone à la sa femme de lever le pied, cette
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comme le maître du « western propulsé la carrière de Nicole
spaghetti » auprès du grand public, Kidman et révélé Joaquin Phoenix
et fait de Clint Eastwood une au grand public, n’a pas pris une
véritable star. ride.
Cinémathèque Française, 51 Rue de À voir sur Arte le 14 janvier à 20h55.
Bercy, 75012 Paris.
Jusqu’au 27 janvier.
DVD
THE LAST MOVIE
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Une équipe américaine tourne un western dans un petit village péruvien
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lieux, mais leur passage a laissé des traces. Kansas, un cascadeur qui s’est
épris d’une jeune locale et a décidé de rester, va en payer les
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L’histoire rocambolesque de ce ilm est à son image : halluciné et
chaotique.
Cofret prestige (Blu-Ray / DVD + mémorabilia) - 28€08.
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 le
dessin
I Décryptage

THE GLOBAL CARBON BUDGET

A report from The Global Carbon Project, made public last month, found that global carbon emissions jumped
to a record high in 2018. The report’s authors – 76 scientists from 57 research institutions in 15 countries – said
that more coal-burning in China and India and a growing number of cars on the roads accounted for the
increase. Emissions were up 6.3% in India, 4.7% in China and 2.5% in the US for the year but all the countries
contributed to the rise. However, according to the Global Carbon Project scientists, this trend can still be
turned around by 2020, if cuts are made in transport and industry emissions.
global international, worldwide / record high historic record / coal combustible black rock used as a fuel / growing expanding / to account for to explain / increase
augmentation / rise augmentation / according to in the opinion of, following the research of / to turn around to reverse.

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