Flawless N°1 - Magazine of ELSA Nantes (France)

Magazine of The European Law Students’ Association
ELSA NANTES FlawLESS of Nantes – France

Magazine de l’association européenne des étudiants en droit de Nantes
N°1 Juin- Septembre 2010
FlawLESS
© Clément Thomas
A Vision of ELSA ELSA FRANCE

By Oscar Lema Bouza The Year of Change
Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 1 Thomas

© Clément
ELSA NANTES FlawLESS
Déclaration philosophique d'ELSA adoptée

le 12 Octobre 1992 à Bruxelles
▶Vision / Vision
A just world in which there is respect for human dignity and cultural diversity.
Un monde juste dans lequel la diversité culturelle et la dignité humaine seront respectées.
▶ Purpose / But
To contribute to legal education, to foster mutual understanding and to promote social

responsibility of law students and young lawyers.
Contribuer à l'enseignement juridique, favoriser la compréhension mutuelle et promouvoir la

responsabilité des étudiants en droit et des jeunes juristes.
▶ Means / Moyens
To provide opportunities for law students and young lawyers to learn about other cul-
tures and legal system in a spirit of critical dialogue and scientific co-operation.
Fournir aux étudiants en droit et aux jeunes juristes la possibilité de découvrir d'autres cul-
tures et systèmes juridiques dans un esprit de dialogue critique et de coopération scientifique.
To assist law students and young lawyer to be internationally minded and professionally
skilled.
Aider les étudiants en droit et les jeunes juristes à développer un esprit international et des
qualités professionnelles.
To encourage law students and young lawyers to act for the good of society.
Encourager les étudiants et jeunes juristes à agir pour le bien de la société.
Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 2

Sommaire
© Clément Thomas
Edito ....................................................................................................... 4
ELSA Nantes, 2000-2004 ...................................................................... 6
ELSA… What else? ............................................................................... 7
ELSA – a way to broaden your views and your horizon ...................... 8
German ELSA experience ................................................................... 10
My ELSA Romania experience ........................................................... 12
My ELSA Portugal experience ............................................................ 14
ELSA Spirit by ELSA Istanbul ........................................................... 15
The Final IFP Conference Intellectual Property 2010 in Munich ....... 16
Following the right STEP .................................................................... 18
A trainee at the United Nations in Bonn ............................................. 19
Présentation des « Study Visits » ........................................................ 20
ELSA France : The Year of Change ................................................... 21
Festival Pop and Europe .................................................................... 23
Gene thieves and bio-pirats ................................................................. 24
2010, année de la bioéthique ............................................................... 26
L‟avocat français et la mondialisation ................................................. 28
Free movement of persons – Union Citizenship ................................. 30
Search for the truth .............................................................................. 34
Toi aussi, fais partie de l'International Legal Research Group on
Freedom of Speech (1/06/2010 - 3/04/2011) !!! ................................. 35
Le droit au théâtre n‟est pas qu‟une revendication ! ........................... 36
Eur@dioNantes : « L'auberge espagnole sur les ondes » ! ................. 37
Edito
ELSA en France renvoie à un prénom féminin, partout en Europe ELSA renvoie à la
plus grande association d’étudiants en Droit au monde ! The European Law Students’
Association, l’association européenne des étudiants en Droit, fondée en 1981 par des
étudiants d'Autriche, de Hongrie, de Pologne et de l'Allemagne de l'Ouest, regroupe en
effet 30 000 étudiants en Droit, dans plus de 200 universités et dans 42 pays d'Europe !
ELSA est une Les Activités académiques regroupent les

association politi- parrainages d‟étudiants étrangers, l'organi-
quement neutre, sation de groupes de recherches débou-
elle a pour objec- chant sur une publication du travail réalisé
tif de favoriser et mais aussi des concours de plaidoirie, et
d'intensifier la notamment le célèbre EMC² (ELSA Moot
coopération entre Court Competition) en lien avec
les étudiants en l‟Organisation mondiale du Commerce.
droit, les prati- Des « L@w Events » sont également orga-
ciens et les uni- nisés, se caractérisant par des visites aux
versitaires de cabinets d‟avocats pour se familiariser
Alexandra Maupas différents pays, avec leur travail et discuter de cas précis.
Présidente d‟ELSA Nantes impliquant ainsi Enfin, en 2010, à l‟occasion des 60 ans de
les étudiants dans la Convention européenne des Droits de
la réflexion juridique et contribuant à la l‟Homme, ELSA en partenariat avec le
formation des jeunes juristes. Elle possède Conseil de l‟Europe, organise un concours
un statut consultatif notamment à l'UNES- d‟essais et de photographies sur l‟impact
CO (Organisation des Nations Unies pour de cette Convention sur la vie des citoyens
l'éducation, la science et la culture), à européens.
l'ECOSOC (Conseil économique et social
des Nations unies) et un statut d'observa- Enfin, les Séminaires et Conférences per-
teur à l'Organisation mondiale de la Pro- mettent aux juristes de différentes forma-
priété intellectuelle. Elle coopère aussi tions de discuter et de s'informer sur des
avec toutes les institutions européennes et sujets juridiques variés et ainsi d'acquérir
les étudiants en Droit, membres d‟ELSA, une meilleure culture générale et une meil-
peuvent postuler pour faire partie des délé- leure connaissance des systèmes interna-
gations. tionaux. Il s‟agit d‟une part de conférences
portant sur des thèmes juridiques, intégrant
ELSA a trois activités principales : le souvent des problématiques relatives aux
STEP, les Activités académiques ainsi que droits de l'homme ou aux politiques euro-
les Séminaires et Conférences. péennes. D‟autre part, il s‟agit de l‟ « In-
ternational Focus Programme », à savoir
Le STEP c‟est le « Student Trainee Ex- un sujet d‟actualité choisi pendant trois
change Programme », il s‟agit d'un pro- ans, donnant lieu à des conférences partout
gramme d‟échanges de stages profession- en Europe sur ce sujet. Fin avril a eu lieu à
nels de courte durée et connaît un grand Munich, à l‟Office européen des brevets, la
succès auprès des étudiants. Ce programme dernière série de conférences sur la pro-
permet à des étudiants en Droit d'autres priété intellectuelle et désormais, de 2010 à
pays de se familiariser avec le système 2013, le sujet IFP est le droit de la santé,
juridique du pays d'accueil, dans le cadre d‟où plusieurs articles liés à ce domaine
d'un stage, en général payé. dans ce magazine. Enfin, de nombreuses

« Law Summer Schools », universités nale au vu de son ouverture d‟esprit et de

d‟été, ont lieu en Europe de juin à sep- toutes les opportunités qu‟elle offre.
tembre, organisées par ELSA portant sur
un thème d‟actualité sous forme de confé- ELSA Nantes a créé son site internet
rences et de groupes de travail notamment. www.elsa-nantes.fr pour vous tenir au cou-
rant de ses activités et va même avoir un
ELSA est d‟abord gérée par un bureau EL- magazine radio mensuel chez
SA International basé à Bruxelles et un Eur@dioNantes ! D‟autres réunions seront
groupe national ELSA dans chaque pays organisées pour vous donner l‟occasion de
qui ensuite s‟occupe des groupes locaux. rencontrer le bureau d‟ELSA Nantes, de
ELSA Nantes fait partie des groupes lo- vous renseigner davantage sur cette asso-
caux ELSA en France créés il y a dix ans. ciation et j‟espère d‟en faire partie !
Cependant, nous sommes en France dans
une situation exceptionnelle puisque de- Ce magazine sera publié tous les deux
puis six ans il n‟y a plus de bureau ELSA mois, n‟hésitez pas à nous contacter pour
Nantes et surtout depuis trois ans il n‟y a en faire partie ! De nombreux articles ont
plus de bureau ELSA France. été spécialement écrits pour vous, étudiants
de Nantes et de France, par des étudiants
J‟ai connu ELSA lors de mon séjour en Droit de toute l‟Europe, pour vous pré-
ERASMUS d‟un an à Munich et la restau- senter cette association peu connue chez
ration d‟ELSA Nantes était un projet qui nous, ses activités, ses valeurs et ses objec-
me tenait à cœur depuis un an, surtout que tifs ! Des étudiants de groupes ELSA
je suis en Master 2 de Droit économique d‟Europe mais aussi des étudiants français
international et communautaire et élue au qui ont hâte de s‟investir dans cette asso-
Conseil universitaire des Relations interna- ciation et de lui donner une nouvelle dy-
tionales. Je compte désormais faire namique !
d‟ELSA Nantes, avec l‟aide du nouveau Des propositions de visites d‟études nous
bureau, un modèle et un moteur pour la sont déjà parvenues de Padoue et
reconstruction d‟ELSA France. Ceci per- d‟Athènes et nous sommes impatients de
mettra aux étudiants en droit de France de concrétiser tous ces projets ! Je les remer-
prendre part à cette association internatio- cie pour leur contribution et je vous sou-
haite une bonne lecture !
Dear ELSA Network,

As you know ELSA France is among the only inactive groups of the ELSA Network, this had
a consequence over all local groups and ELSA in France is not known by the students any-
more. This newspaper intends to present this association to our students in Nantes, in France
and even abroad. We would like to thank all the writers for their wonderful articles and their
contribution to recreate a dynamics here! A special thank to ELSA Germany who supported
us since the beginning of our ELSA adventure! An other special thank to Kostas Leimonis,
from ELSA Athens who found the delirious name of this newspaper, « fLAWless » is indeed
our ideal for the reconstruction of ELSA in France. Two new groups ELSA have just been
created in Lille and Rennes, and we hope other students will be motivated in France to do so.
Our magazine will be published each two months and if you would like to write an article
inside, in French or English, it would be a great honor for us! More information can be found
on our website www.elsa-nantes.fr about our activities and our board. See you soon to the
next ELSA event!
ELSA Nantes

ELSA Nantes, 2000-2004

Elsa : ce nom sonne bien et invite déjà à en savoir plus à son sujet, n’est-ce pas ? En tout
cas cela a été mon 1er sentiment à son égard ! Son côté international attirait également
mon attention. Il a ensuite suffi d’une étincelle… enfin disons d’un peu de persuasion de
la part de quelques amis qui se lançaient dans l’aventure, et je les ai suivi… pour une
histoire de plus de 3 ans ! Que dire de cette expérience ?
J‟ai assisté à la quait : un peu de « lien social et une di-

naissance d‟ELSA mension internationale unique.
Nantes en 2000 et ELSA, via tous les projets qu‟elle propose
participer à ses pro- de mettre en œuvre grâce à ses dimensions
jets pendant plu- nationale et européenne, permet ainsi tout
sieurs années, avant un tas de rencontres, de connections entre
qu‟elle n‟entre les juristes en herbe, le monde universitaire
malheureusement et le monde du travail. ELSA c‟est comme
Christophe Yhuel
en hibernation… ! une famille et partout où vous allez en Eu-
Trésorier d‟ELSA Nantes Cette expérience rope, vous serez toujours bien accueilli.
2003-2004
s‟est traduite avant
tout par des rencontres : avec les autres Au palmarès d‟ELSA Nantes figure no-
membres d‟ELSA Nantes (dont certains tamment la victoire nationale au concours
sont toujours des amis proches) ou de plaidoirie organisé en 2001 et ce pour sa
d‟ELSA en France et en Europe et plus 1ère participation ! À la clef pour les vain-
largement avec le monde étudiant. Toutes queurs, des stages au Conseil Constitution-
ces rencontres faites au travers des activi- nel, à la Cour de Cassation et au Conseil
tés menées ont été très enrichissantes. Elles d‟État, ils avaient même diné avec Simone
m‟ont permis d‟avoir une meilleure appré- Veil (présidente du jury)… rien que ça !
hension du monde universitaire, et de ne
pas être qu‟un simple étudiant « consom-
mateur » de Cette association pos-
l‟enseignem sède un potentiel
ent donné, énorme et je me ré-
mais jouis que le groupe
d‟essayer de nantais renaisse de ses
faire vivre cendres. Je félicite
un peu notre d‟avance ses nou-
faculté. On veaux responsables,
reproche qui vont j‟en suis per-
souvent à la suadé faire du super
fac d‟être boulot ! Enfin j‟espère
un univers que de nombreux
sans âme. groupes français sui-
Des associations comme ELSA apportaient vent ce sillage tracé par ELSA Nantes. Bon
justement à l‟université ce qui lui man- courage à tous !

ELSA… What else?

ELSA is a lot more than a Network that comprises 41 national groups, more than 200
local groups and around 30,000 students from all over Europe! ELSA is a big family in
which, once you enter, will never leave you alone, and will be a place not just to acquire
Law-related knowledge and skills, but also to meet some of the best friends you will ever
make, and with whom you will like to spend a lot of your free time. But, what makes
ELSA different from any other association?
I would say there University of Corunna, Spain. Back then, I

are many answers didn‟t really have any reason to spend
to that question more time at the university than just the
actually, but I will courses. So this Network came like a fresh
focus on three. In breath of air, which kept me motivated and
the first place, on looking forward to the next week, because
the studies side, the next event was closer, and I would be
ELSA allows you able to see again the many friends I had
to improve your made during the previous one, as well as to
skills on law- go out and have a lot of fun with them.
Óscar Lema Bouza related issues, I became involved first on the Local Level,
Président d‟ELSA Interna- such as Human and then, for two years and a half (one and
tional 2010-2011
Rights, Intellec- a half as a treasurer, and one as president)
tual Property, or Maritime Law, for in- on the National Level. At the last Interna-
stance, with top lecturers from all over tional Council Meeting, I have been
Europe, as well as to bridge theory and elected as President of ELSA International
practice, thanks to initiatives like the EL- 2010/2011, so I will be moving to the EL-
SA Moot Court Competition (EMC2) on SA House in Brussels with other six fellow
WTO Law and STEP, the Student Trainee Board Members, to work for the whole
Exchange Programme. Network during thirteen months, starting
Secondly, ELSA has professional advan- with transition, which will take place in
tages. You can gain experience, thanks to July.
the abovementioned STEP, and contacts, in One of the goals included in my action
the many events held throughout the Net- plan was to work on inactive groups, in
work. But also, becoming an active mem- order for them to become a big asset to the
ber, either as a member of an Organizing Network. Among them, I believe ELSA
Committee or as an officer, means working France can become, again, a very big and
in the closest possible way you will find active National Group. I have the expe-
when getting out of the University, and rience of ELSA Spain, which was almost
into the labour market. totally inactive only a year ago and is now
The third, and probably most important soaring, getting more and more local
thing that ELSA can give anyone, is groups, and organizing many activities on
friendship. With ELSA you know you will the local, national, and international level.
never be alone in Europe. You can travel For this, I would like to encourage ELSA
almost anywhere, and always have a bed, Nantes, as the keystone to be laid, in order
lunch, or just help and company from fel- to start growth in France, and I hope that
low ELSA members, and that is priceless. fLAWless is just the beginning of a long
Regarding my personal experience, I and beautiful story.
joined ELSA in my third year of studies of Allez ELSA Nantes! Allez ELSA France!
Law and Business Administration in the Allez les elsiens!
ELSA – a way to broaden your views

and your horizon
Being international, being open minded and happily being involved in the beauty of the
difference between cultures, countries, people… I can not help myself but to think that
back in 1981 the founding fathers of the European Law Students’ Association had these
words as a motivation to create a student network that in the past 29 years of its exis-
tence grew to be the largest law student organization with almost 30 000 members in 41
countries at over 200 universities.
When I started my The vision of our association is for sure

career in ELSA I something that gave us motivation for
was just an aver- years to work and provide students with
age law student new opportunities in ELSA. If you doubt
on the University in the vision of a just world in which there
of Montenegro is a respect for human dignity and cultural
that wanted to get diversity you should definitely participate
some extra know- in one of the many international events that
ledge about dif- are organized all over Europe. If you feel
ferent issues that that you need good advice in what kind of
Mirko Dukovic
Vice-Président d‟ELSA
were discussed on law you should specialize in, different law
International 2009-2010 local panels orga- schools, seminars and conferences will
nized by ELSA. give you a hint as we always aim to give
What I didn‟t expect is to be charmed by a our members the opportunity to attend lec-
unique spirit that ELSA brought to every tures where professionals will give you
event, emphasizing opportunities to catch some depth to their respective field of law.
some of the internationality in the Euro- In case you are searching for a traineeship
pean part of its name. Legal education, you should know that ELSA is providing
practice, exchange, network were the many traineeship possibilities in different
words I read on the ELSA banner and de- countries within different type of employ-
cided to get to know the international plat- ers such as law firms, companies, banks,
form that ELSA offers. Once you start and universities, NGOs, institutions etc.
once you join the joyride you cannot let it
go easily. After a few years of work as an
officer for the Student Traineeship Ex-
change Programme I understood that EL-
SA showed me completely new opportuni-
ties and definitely taught me something I
would have never learned in my university
courses and that is why I took the last step
in the ELSA career before joining our
Alumni organization ELS – I became VP
STEP of ELSA International. Full time job EU Studies fair organized by European Voice
for the amazing network we are part of.

And if you wonder how does it look like ing or simply organizing some of the
acting as a lawyer in a court, attending greatest events during your studies.
court hearings and defending different opi-
nions, search for a moot court competition
organized by Once I read
ELSA or if you that the great-
are especially est journey is
interested in the distance
WTO law, don‟t between
forget that EL- people. If the
SA is proud to author of this
organize the quote indeed
largest world- referred to the
wide competi- fact that people
tion in this field are different
2
– the EMC . If and that differ-
you just want to ences makes a
write an essay gap between
and join many Study Visit ELSA Prague and ELSA Georgia people, then I
other students would say that
from all over Europe in our essay and pho- ELSA‟s existence makes this journey
to competition “Our Rights, Our Free- shorter as it shows completely new pers-
doms” let us know and we will be happy to pectives, teaches you to enjoy different
help you submitting your essay or photo cultures and to spread your wings of know-
made by your local group. Step up with us ledge and share it with your friends all
and join an amazing network by participat- over Europe.
ISMM in Prague

German ELSA experience

In the romantic German city of Heidelberg, located in the southwest of Germany about
140 kilometer northeast of Strasbourg, up to seven people live a life of excitement, little
sleep and hard work. Those people, the national board of ELSA Germany, work full
time and take a one year break from their studies to dedicate their lives to the largest
network of law students in the world – ELSA.
Besides the inter- After the national board gets elected at the
national board, national council meeting (NCM), the vet-
and parts of the erans and the new-elects meet for one tran-
board of ELSA sition week, where the new board is intro-
Poland, the board duced to the little secret of the work in
of ELSA Germany Heidelberg. August 1st, 0.00 a.m., the term
is the only board of the board starts. For the next 365 days,
in the network that its members are the first contact for their
works full time for different branches whenever a problem
Martin Vogel
Directeur de la Presse ELSA. occurs. The apartments, where the board
d‟ELSA Allemagne Currently, four of lives, are paid by ELSA Germany. Addi-
2009-2010 the maximum sev- tionally to their area of responsibility, each
en spots are taken: Barbara Sandfuchs board member gets some of the 43 local
serves as President, Laura Schmitt as Sec- groups3 as coaching groups.
retary General and commissionary contact
for STEP, Aileen Conrad as Treasurer During their year in office, the board
while Marje Mülder holds the position of members visit each local group numerous
Vice President for Seminars and Confe- times and check back with the local boards
rences. The four ladies in Heidelberg are for questions, problems or ideas. This way,
supported by a team of twelve directors, the national board stays in contact with the
who‟re not living in Heidelberg but also locals – and also learns a lot about working
work hard for the development of ELSA. on board of German trains.
While Thomas Öller (Director for Market-
ing) and Kim-Julia Zamljen together with The board has a very important task during
Patrik Hoffmann (Directors for Academic the first weeks in office: Visits to the Gen-
Activities)1 cover positions of the board eral Partners of ELSA Germany. 23 law
that also can be taken as fulltime jobs in firms, one insurance company and two
Heidelberg, the other nine directors sup- financial service companies currently sup-
port in different areas such as Training or port ELSA Germany and help to an annual
Public Relations2. The team bonds during budget of about 150,000 EUR. Of course,
the two or three national board team week- all board members stay alert during the
ends, the national meetings or spontaneous year to look for potential new sponsors.
visits to Heidelberg.
1 3
All position holders as of May 2010. 43 local groups and more than 6,000 members
2
While Vice Presidents get elected, directors are make ELSA Germany the largest national network
appointed by the national board. within ELSA
After a few weeks, the first national meet- Just as fast as the board members found
ing is on the agenda. During the national themselves doing the impossible, the
officers meeting (NOM),
the board members are
responsible for the dif-
ferent work shops for the
first time. About 200
people attend a NOM,
while the fall edition is
often the first national
meeting for lots of local
officers who are highly
interested in learning
more about their tasks on
the local level.
Besides the fact that the
national board members
have to be the first ones
in the workshops, they
also have the tough duty Aileen Conrad, Barbara Sandfuchs, Laura Schmitt, Marje Mülder
of being the last ones to

second national council meeting comes up.
leave the parties at night.
A year has gone by, a new national board
“Monday: Coaching Visit and Local Coun-
will be elected. During the winter NCM,
cil Meeting Düsseldorf; Tuesday: meeting
the spring NOM and the time in between,
with patrons in Frankfurt; Wednesday and
the board members have talked to their
Thursday Coaching Visit and Freshers
possible successors, and found new nomi-
Event, Würzburg; Friday: meeting with
nees for the elections at the summer NCM.
potential sponsor, Frankfurt;
After the elections, the last
Friday night until Sunday: four
days in office seem to fly by
local groups visit us in Heidel-
and suddenly a year living for
berg” – just another week for
ELSA is already over. When
President Barbara Sandfuchs.
the term ends on July 31st,
Countless hours spent for EL-
23.59 a.m., tears of sadness by
SA, just as another 1200 kilo-
the old board mix with the
meters by train. If Berlin or
tears of joy and excitement of
Hamburg are on the schedule,
the new board.
travelling easily adds up to
3000 kilometers in a week. Still,
Still, the alumni are not lost for
you can‟t see all the daily work
the network, but stay as Direc-
that she does not include in her
tors in the national board team,
calendar: answering e-mails,
join the trainers pool to pass
attending board meetings and
their knowledge on to the
telephone conferences with
“next generations” of ELSA
trainers, local groups or the in-
members or join the Alumni
ternational board. Nevertheless,
association EAD.
her ELSA spirit is high:
“ELSA is the best way to develop yourself.
But all of them have something in com-
You start by doing the necessary, proceed
mon: A year of living a life of excitement,
with the possible, and suddenly you will
meeting new people and gaining priceless
find yourself doing the impossible.”
experiences – a life of ELSA.

My ELSA Romania experience

After 3 years of about his/her future by exchanging expe-
college, besides rience with foreign students.
thinking about At the beginning of my ELSA path I was
what doing next, very delighted to participate in several Se-
you start looking minars and Conferences, as I acknowl-
back and eva- edged that being a jurist means much more
luate your than being a good Law student. After being
achievements part of the Organizing Committees of such
and your whole events, attending Mood Court Competi-
student life. I can tions and working in several teams, I rea-
Adina Ponta say that my stu- lised that my student life has changed and
Trésorière d‟ELSA Roumanie dent life was that ELSA can really motivate oneself in
very different using his/her maximum potential. Moreo-
after entering ELSA Cluj-Napoca, my EL- ver, besides new friends, new pictures and
SA Local Group. Before being an ELSA unforgettable memories, national events
member, my student life was limited to bring you a life experience you could not
attending lectures, spending afternoons at gain in any another way.
the library or in coffee shops and spending The moment I really understood what the
the nights outdoors. ELSA Spirit really means, was after partic-
ELSA offered me not only the opportunity ipating in several international events. EL-
to meet new people and visit places world SA Romania made a habit out of organis-
wide, but also, the most important thing ing quality international events, such as
from my point of view, opened my mind Summer Schools, International Confe-
and showed me new possibilities of devel- rences, Regional Rounds of EMC2 and one
oping myself both as a human and as a ICM.
student. Nowadays, in Romania there are Attending the 1st edition of the “Banking
few teenagers attracted by the idea
of joining a NGO as volunteering
did not exist at all in our parents‟
youth and, until now, it has not
been developed enough to reach
the stage of “common” among
young people. I think the most
relevant factor is not the expe-
rience you gain inside the associa-
tion, but the things you discover
about yourself. Firstly, ELSA
showed me that there are many
more possibilities for a student to
develop besides just attending lec-
tures, learning books by heart or
writing exams. Through interna-
tional traineeships and internation-
al Study Visits one can indeed
enrich his/her vision about life and
and Finance Law” summer school gave me Trainers ELSA Romania” took place this
the opportunity to have the first contact spring in Cluj-Napoca and formed the new
with the international level of ELSA and, trainer‟s generation of ELSA Romania,
as I continued my activity within the or- thanks to Tiago Moreira Alves, Trainer
ganization, it helped me a lot to already ITP and thanks to another opportunity EL-
know most of the people I met with after- SA gives to the Local/National Groups: the
wards at other international events. ELSA Development Foundation.
We try to emphasise the importance of
After assuming the position of Treasurer training sessions on various topics, both for
ELSA Romania, the international level of the members‟ personal development and
ELSA and international events gained for gaining ELSA experience.
more and more importance for me. ELSA One thing we are really grateful for is the
Romania had a good start as host of inter- support we receive from our alumni.
national events and continues to maintain Beside the financial support, they are al-
the same standards: 2010 brings a 2nd edi- ways ready to help with their advice and
tion of the “Banking and Finance Law” experience by leading us, participating
summer school that started last year and with us in our events and giving us a lot of
continues with “Law is better than War”, trainings. Some of them are also ELS
which is already at its 7th edition and an members so they can share even more the
International Conference on the topic true ELSA spirit within these events.
“Energy Markets and Antitrust Law”.
Moreover, after the
experience of an ICM
organised by ELSA
Bucharest, ELSA
Cluj-Napoca took the
responsibility of orga-
nising for the 3rd time
in the last 4 years a
Regional Round of
the EMC2. The Na-
tional Boards encour-
age the participation
of ELSA members to
international events
and all the more the
organisation of inter-
national events, as
well as searching and Andrei Suse, Diana Bere, Timo Kortesoja, Didona Elena, Adina Milea, Adina Ponta, Mircea Rosu
applying for STEP.
For me, the greatest ELSA experience and All in all, I can say that every former EL-
the best way to feel the ELSA Spirit is SA member, even after finishing his/her
through participating in International term in office and or after graduation con-
Council Meetings. An ICM is the best tinues to involve in projects, to give train-
possible way to understand the vision of ings or to participate in events because
ELSA and gain the needed ELSA expe- after having the ELSA experience in col-
rience in order to improve your work for lege, a student can‟t leave it all behind and
the Local or National Group. look forward as if it didn‟t happen.
As a National Group, ELSA Romania has I wish you good luck and you will be al-
its own Trainer‟s Pool, the last “Train The ways welcome to attend our events!

My ELSA Portugal experience

In the end of 2005, work in team, and we have organize activi-
I became an ELSA ties that are completely different from the
member, and con- activities organized by other law students‟
sequently, started associations. In the board, I‟m the only one
to be part of the responsible for my area, and this principle
biggest law stu- this principle applies to all areas on a
dents‟ association board, which implies much organization
in the World. The and planning. The perspective and the op-
possibility to, be portunity of organizing international activi-
in contact with ties, gives us the possibility of knowing
other European ourselves, to gain immense knowledge in
Francisco Pegado countries, to addition to the contacts we have estab-
Président d‟ELSA Portugal
access to exchange lished.
programs, to participate in international
conferences and meetings, to know differ- When we started working on ELSA, we
ent persons, to invest in my legal education have some special advantages, including
were some of my motivations to be mem- the support of a network of 30 000 persons,
ber and to be more active in ELSA. which gives us many participants, as well
In nowadays, it‟s very important, for a law as people with immense experience that
student, know what happens in our society, can give us trainings very important for our
and this implies be in contact with other activities, and essential support other offic-
countries, have a international perspective, ers of ELSA.
meet other types of thinking, search cultur-
al diversity, understand the reasons for In Portugal, we have seven local groups,
which major decisions are taken at Euro- and they normally organize Moot Court
pean Union and other international treaties, competitions, good conferences with im-
and be in ELSA is a great advantage. portant speakers, visits to major law firms
and one Model United Nations every year.
Be in this network gave me the opportunity We are making efforts in the preparation of
to know different realities of mine, with local boards for the organization of inter-
ELSA I won more skills by organizing national events, through trainings and mo-
events and trainings that I had, because, I tivation and we had some results. In the
had to approach and contact with teachers first week of August we will have a sum-
in a different way, could create and devel- mer school about The Rediscoveries of the
op relationships with companies and insti- Sea.
tutions and I had to take responsibility for
the events that I organized. We and our local groups have a big plea-
sure to welcome you in our country, be-
I‟m finishing my second year as president cause we are known for our tourism, which
of a local group, in Universidade Católica gives us the opportunity to show you fan-
Portuguesa, and I can say that it was a per- tastic places and our social and legal reali-
sonal and professional very good expe- ty. We hope to see you in Portugal or in an
rience, because we have a special way to ELSA event !

ELSA Spirit by ELSA Istanbul

Hi everyone from nar/conference/law school/study visit/moot
sunny İstanbul, court. You are attending an event which is
Turkey! I have totally alive!!! Every event has its own
been involved soul!! The academic programmes -which
ELSA since the are academically powerful-, social pro-
second year of the grammes where you can learn everything
Law Faculty, about history, art, architecture, maybe
2004. I gained my some geography and it is obvious that u
first ELSA expe- have a great time with an hand-
rience as an O.C some/beautiful guides, gala balls where
Gizem Ersun member of the 2nd you can see everyone in fatally gorgeous
Présidente d‟ELSA Istanbul
2008-2009
Law School on clothes, different night events where you
Mergers & Acqui- can be a legendary in ELSA network;)
sitions on local level in İstanbul. The fol- .People are extremely work hard to keep
lowing year I was appointed as a director all of these events alive. And they are al-
of Vice President of Seminars and Confe- ways good at that.
rences, then a year later I was the Vice
President of Seminars and Conferences and Although In these organizations you have a
finally last year I was the President of EL- chance to meet lots of lovely people from
SA Istanbul. In the mean all over the word!!
time I also was a member This is the best side
of the Human Rights of of ELSA!! You have
Istanbul Province Estate always a place in
on behalf of ELSA Istan- these people‟s heart.
bul. Now I graduated No matter how far
from the university and away from each other,
doing my practice in an believe me these
international law firm. friendships are forev-
But I never quit ELSA! I er. No matter what
still trying to participate you can always keep
in international events in touch. I know that i
and trying to lead my local group as a have already a room in more than 15 coun-
member of control commission. In this tries.  What a nice feeling ha?
article I don‟t wanna write about how suc- New traditions, different opinions, foods,
cessful we are. We all know that we are the music, dance (which i like the most after
biggest Law student association, and we traditional drinks) and of course “Tradi-
know how successful people we are! What tional Drinks”... ELSA put all of these dif-
I would like to write a short essay about ferentials and makes a harmonization! Or
ELSA SPRIT!! the other name is ELSA SPRIT!! Always
alive, always fresh, always friendly, al-
ELSA may provide you to enhance your ways full of fun and always full of peace!!!
knowledge and skills that will assist you in This is the thing that always keeps us to-
personal development. But it is not just an gether no matter what and binds us more
international student organization. It is deeply. And yeah!! Are you still asking
more than that! When you participate in what ELSA is? Hope to see you soon in
any ELSA events you can realize that you any international ELSA event soon !!
are not just attending a semi-

The Final IFP Conference Intellectual

Property 2010 in Munich
The “E” in ELSA stands for “European”, and this is actually what our association is all
about: connecting law students from all over Europe, make them work together, live
together, have fun together, get to know each other and finally and at the best become
friends. The International Focus Programme (IFP) is certainly one of the best examples
to implement these essential objectives.
The International More than 90 law students and young law-

Focus Pro- yers from 20 different European states
gramme (IFP) have participated in the conference from
27th April to 2nd May 2010 and enjoyed an
The IFP is an aca- academic programme at the highest stage
demic programme as well as one week full of ELSA spirit.
of ELSA provid-
ing a specific legal With more than twelve lectures, four work-
topic the whole shops and one panel discussion held by
ELSA network some of the most renowned experts in this
Lena Mischau concentrates on for field within the premises of the European
Secrétaire Général d‟ELSA a period of three Patent Office, our participants were pro-
Munich
years. vided with a broad insight into the various
facets of IP and the newest developments.
Within this framework, numerous events Moreover, they had the chance to learn
such as conferences, seminars, workshops more about the work of a lawyer referring
and lectures are taking place on the re- to IP in practice during the visit of three
gional, national and on the international internationally working law firms.
level in particular.
Apart from
As the theme of the last three years, “Intel- the academic
lectual Property”, will be replaced this programme,
summer with “Health Law”, it was finally the partici-
time to summarise the results achieved and pants discov-
to determine the progress we have made ered Mu-
with respect to this essential topic. nich`s most
beautiful
Therefore, ELSA Munich had the honour sites during a
to arrange for the Final IFP Conference on sightseeing
Intellectual Property 2010 in Munich, tour as well
which marked the end and highlight of the as the local
last years` IFP. culture dur-
ing a tradi-
The Final IFP Conference on Intellectual tional Bavar-
Property 2010 in Munich ian evening. Besides, they had the chance
to discover Munich´s nightlife. The high-
light of the social programme was the great

Gala Ball in a gorgeous pavilion located responsible for the academic programme, it
beside a small lake within the English Gar- was primarily my responsibility to coordi-
den, the biggest park of Munich. nate the Organising Committee in general
and to take care of the organ-
isational part as a whole.
In our preparations, we were

assisted by the European Pat-
ent Office, our sponsors, our
academic advisor Prof. Dr.
Michael Lehmann and of
course by our patrons Prof.
Dr. Hans-Jürgen Papier, the
8th President of the Federal
Constitutional Court of Ger-
many, and Dr. Beate Merk,
Bavarian Minister of Justice
and Consumer Protection,
who was so kind as to offi-
cially welcome us on the first
The Organisation night of the conference in the Bavarian
Palace of Justice.
During the last eight months, it had been
the main goal of ELSA Munich and of the All in all, the Final IFP Conference on In-
Organising Committee in particular to tellectual Property was a unique experience
make this conference come true. We not only for the participants, but for every
started with a bunch of young students who single member of the Organising Commit-
took responsibility for various issues such tee as well. Due to this Conference we
as finances or logistics. In the end they have learned a lot about Intellectual Prop-
developed into an Organising Committee erty as such, but also how to build a team
OC Members
of about 25 people. Being Head of OC and and how to work in the long term – quali-
ties, students hardly
have the chance to ex-
perience in their daily
lives.
In conclusion I can say

that there certainly are
numerous of good ways
to explore the “E” in
ELSA, meaning its in-
ternational, its European
character. However, for
me it is doubtless that
one of the very best op-
tions is to participate in
an international confe-
rence – or maybe even
to organize one by your-
self!

Following the right STEP

Pascal Gomez, Vice-Président STEP d‟ELSA France 2003-2005
Partie prenante d'ELSA, l'activité STEP (Students Trainee Exchange Programme) offre
de réelles possibilités aux adhérents d'ELSA de découvrir voire d'approfondir leurs
connaissances de systèmes juridiques européens pouvant être relativement différents de
notre système juridique ainsi que de nos valeurs et concepts. Comment cela fonctionne t
il?
En tant que membre d'ELSA, vous avez la par un séjour plus long dans leur pays d'ac-
possibilité de remplir un ELSA CV y indi- cueil, notamment en y étudiant.
quant vos compétences juridiques et lin- Cela permet également de tisser des liens
guistiques (élément ô combien important) entre groupes locaux et d'organiser des
et ensuite de candidater à un stage proposé échanges plus généraux sur nombre de
par l'un des groupes locaux étrangers. En thèmes.
fonction des profils recherchés, la mise en
concurrence peut être plus ou moins Il faut dire que les groupes locaux ELSA
grande. font tout leur possible et plus afin de
mettre le/la stagiaire dans les meilleures
Une fois sélectionné, le candidat est con- conditions, notamment en les faisant parti-
tacté par le groupe local d'accueil qui or- ciper régulièrement à leurs activités. Le
ganisera son séjour de la meilleure des réseau français d'ELSA a ainsi accueilli
manières, papiers si nécessaire, logement, des étudiants/tes sur Paris, Lyon et Rouen,
démarches etc. tandis que certains/nes sont partis en Fin-
lande et en Italie. Ces destinations ne sont
Mais STEP n'est pas seulement ça. qu'un petit échantillon des lieux où vous
pourriez effectuer un stage « abroad ».
Pour tous les étudiants et étudiantes fran-
çais(es) partis en STEP lorsque j'étais en Si j'ai donc un conseil à vous donner, pre-
charge de cette activité au sein d'ELSA nez contact avec votre VP STEP local afin
France, ces moments furent inoubliables, qu'il vous explique the whole thing.
certains ayant même prolongé l'aventure
La « STEP Newsletter » est publiée chaque mois et renou-

velée dès qu’il y a de nouvelles offres de stages. Vous la
trouverez en ligne sur le site d’ELSA International :
http://www.elsa.org/traineeships/availabletraineeships.html

A trainee at the United Nations in

Bonn
“Assisting law students and young lawyers to be internationally minded and professionally
skilled” is one of the three means developed by ELSA to achieve its vision, namely, “A
just world in which there is respect for human dignity and cultural diversity.” I can defi-
nitely relate to this philosophy, having, throughout my Law studies, followed courses in
European and International law with an ambition at an international legal career.
Having com- ternational and European Environmental

pleted my under- Law in Paul Cézanne University, Aix en
graduate studies Provence, France. Having completed the
at the University study part of the course, I am now in Bonn,
of Nantes Germany, doing an internship in the United
(France) which Nations. More precisely, I am working in
focused on Euro- the Secretariat of the Convention on the
pean Union and Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild
International law, Animals (CMS). The CMS is
I engaged myself an intergovernmental treaty, concluded
in a double under the aegis of the United Nations Envi-
Alexandre Ghafari course thanks to ronment Programme, concerned with the
Directeur des Droits de
l‟Homme d‟ELSA Nantes the twin city sta- conservation of wildlife and habitats on a
tus between global scale. Working in the United Na-
Nantes and Cardiff (Wales, UK). I spent tions allows you to work with colleagues
one year in Cardiff, preparing a LLM in with many different nationalities and vari-
European Legal Studies. During my 3 ous backgrounds. Social interaction with
years in Nantes, I had already developed a the other interns is really like a continua-
huge interest in meeting students from all tion of the Erasmus experience. Working
around the world, having been involved in in the United Nations has given me the
a local association which helps foreign opportunity to be surrounded by highly
students to get settled, and having played qualified professionals, who share the
an active role in the „buddy system‟, which same ideals as me. This is already turning
pairs a foreign student with a French stu- out to be, without a doubt, an unforgettable
dent. However, my own year abroad in and very valuable experience.
Cardiff was no comparison to what I had I am very pleased to see that ELSA is com-
previously experienced. I met great people ing back in the whole France and that local
from Africa to Asia, America to Europe. groups are being created all over France. It
And the best part is that these great people will without any doubt be a great success,
became real friends. as law students were really asking for an
In parallel with the LLM, I was also association like ELSA. Having fun, mak-
enrolled in a first year of Master of Envi- ing new friends, learning and improving
ronmental law in Nantes University, the legal skills are example of what ELSA can
environment being my passion. give you. I would also like to underline the
As a natural continuation, I am currently importance of the STEP program. Being
enrolled in a second year of Master of In- member of ELSA allows you to have
access to a lot of internship offers all over ternship in a European/International organ-

the world. ELSA through its excellent rep- ization. Being member of ELSA is a per-
utation has interesting partnerships with fect way to achieve your legal ambitions
big lawyers companies and international while discovering new cultures and having
institutions. fun.
If you should retain only two pieces of
advice from this presentation of me, it is As for me, I am now really looking for-
that I strongly advise you to spend time ward to meet ELSA Bonn and find again
studying abroad and then pursuing an in- the great ELSA spirit !
Présentation des « Study Visits »

Salut tous les amis de Nantes !
Je m’appelle Pierpaolo Cavagnero, je suis le Vice-Président Séminaires et Conférences

d’ELSA Padova ! Récemment nous avons décidé avec ELSA Nantes de planifier une
« Study Visit » entre nos groupes pour l’année prochaine. Mais qu’est que c’est en effet
une « Study visit » ?
C‟est pas du tout Le but principal d‟une « Study Visit » est

facile de donner une celui de partager la culture et la vie ELSA
définition de « Study du pays d‟accueil avec des étudiants qui
Visit » ! Cela fait viennent d‟un pays étranger. En effet, pen-
partie de nom- dant la « Study Visit » on doit chercher à
breuses activités et donner à nos hôtes un point de vue de tout
événements du do- ce que notre ville peut leur offrir !
maine « Séminaires
Pierpaolo Cavagnero and Conférences », Un autre motif important d‟organiser la
Vice-Président Sémi- le Study Visit (SV) « Study Visit » est celui d‟attirer et de re-
naires et Conférences c‟est un voyage or- cruter de nouveaux membres dans votre
de ELSA Padoue
ganisé entre deux groupe ELSA, en montrant vos hôtes dans
groupes locaux ELSA, qui peut être fait votre faculté et en organisant des événe-
dans la forme d‟un échange. ments culturels qui peuvent attirer
l‟attention d‟autres étudiants.
Il y a de différents types de « Study Visit »
- bilatéral ( quand 2 groupes ELSA se La première chose à faire dans
visitent réciproquement) l‟organisation d‟une « Study Visit » est de
- multilatéral ( plus de 2 groupes ELSA choisir les périodes des voyages, en pre-
se visitent réciproquement); nant en considération surtout les dates
- unilatéral ( seulement un groupe ELSA d‟examens de l‟autre groupe ELSA; la
visite un autre groupe ELSA) communication constante sera donc essen-
tielle.
En outre, le « Study Visit » peut être natio-
nal ( un groupe local visite un autre groupe Moi et tout le bureau d‟ELSA Padova on
local du même pays) ou international ( où est vraiment excités par ce nouveau projet
2 groupes ELSA de deux pays différents, et j‟espère pouvoir vous connaitre dès
se visitent réciproquement). qu‟on peut !

ELSA France : The Year of Change
ELSA Lille ainsi qu’ELSA Rennes viennent de se

créer, répondant à une réelle volonté des étudiants
de France de faire partie de l’ « ELSA Network » et
d’autres étudiants en Droit, notamment de Tours
veulent aussi créer un groupe local ELSA. Parmi les
groupes créés il y a dix ans, ELSA Paris demeure,
ELSA Nantes et ELSA Lyon viennent de renaître !
Le projet ELSA Tours

L'engagement étudiant consiste à mener à bien des projets initiés par des étudiants au
profit d'autres étudiants. Cet engagement étudiant est, selon moi, indispensable à l'en-
seignement du droit
Je suis étudiant en la possibilité d'effectuer un stage à l'échelle

3ème année de Licence internationale. C'est ainsi que j'envisage de
de droit public et j'ai créer, avec un groupe d'autres étudiants en
découvert ce qu'était droit de mon université, une antenne d'EL-
l'engagement étudiant SA à Tours. J'ai parlé de ce projet à
cette année à travers quelques étudiants en droit, dont certains
l'Association Touran- sont très intéressés par le droit internatio-
gelle des Étudiants en nal ou communautaire ! Ces étudiants se-
Bastien Lebrun
Etudiant à Tours
Droit. Cette dernière raient ravis de s'investir dans l'aventure
est en contact avec ELSA et de contribuer à la création d‟un
d'autres associations destinées à l'organisa- groupe local ELSA Tours.
tion de projets pour les étudiants en droit et Nous avons donc déjà réfléchi à l'organisa-
c'est ainsi que j'ai eu connaissance d'ELSA, tion de certains projets. Nous avons com-
qui a particulièrement attiré mon attention. mencé à rechercher des thèmes pour les
En effet, il est intéressant de proposer aux conférences. Nous souhaitons également
étudiants en droit de Tours d'assister à des démarcher un maximum de professionnels
conférences internationales de profession- qui nous fassent part de leurs offres de
nels et professeurs de grande renommée, stages. Enfin, nous essayerons d‟avoir des
sur des questions juridiques actuelles et qui partenariats avec d‟autres groupes ELSA
auront été organisées par d'autres étudiants d‟Europe pour effectuer des « study vi-
d‟Europe, de pouvoir participer à des con- sits » ! Ces projets nous tiennent déjà
cours de plaidoirie en lien avec beaucoup à cœur et nous avons hâte qu'ils
l‟Organisation mondiale du commerce. aboutissent. Une Assemblée générale de-
Aussi, dans le cadre du STEP, il est impor- vrait très prochainement avoir lieu et l'été
tant de pouvoir offrir aux étudiants en droit sera riche en projet d'évènements.

Welcoming ELSA Lille

Lille at the cross roads of Europe defines a city deeply embedded in international ex-
change within a dense matrix of cultural exchanges including an ever increasing flux of
European workers and students …!
Nestled between and international exchange to practice and

Brussels the Neth- develop this towards the organization of
erlands and the activities for law students of other Euro-
United Kingdom, pean countries.
this city welcomes
many foreign stu- A response to the creation of this local
dents for the most antenna has already be overwhelmingly
parts through the positive and the students together with a
Erasmus exchange few teachers are getting geared to help
program in its ma- with the organization of such activities
Emilie Ball jor universities and This defines a real opportunity for law stu-
Présidente d‟ELSA Lille schools. dents specialized in European union law to
practice their organizations skills within a
For this reason the faculty of law of the framework particularly well suited to the
university of Lille 2, responded enthusias- choice of their study topics.
tically to the perspective of creating a local
group within the framework of the Euro- Hence the students the law faculty of Lille
pean law students association. This will are delighted of the creation of ELSA Lille
enable many of the local students that have and are looking forward to it‟s future
already developed a taste for human rights events and actions!
ELSA Lyon
C’est avec grand plaisir que la nouvelle équipe d’ELSA Lyon se met
en place et reprend le plus ancien groupe local d’ELSA France.
Après quelques années d’absence, nous ravivons la flamme de ce
groupe local créé en 1985 !
A partir de la formation elsaienne tradi- XIXème siècle et a mis en place un fameux

tionnelle, Lyon parti- concours de plaidoirie, à faire pâlir les
cipait à la Revue Adélyens ! Mais ELSA, association en
d‟Elsa France et la avance sur son temps, coordonnait aussi
distribuait dans les des conférences juridiques. C‟est ainsi
facultés de droit lyon- qu‟en 2000 des Elsaiens réfléchissaient
naises, le siège social déjà sur l'épineuse question de «L‟avocat
d‟ELSA France était et la garde à vue »… !
même à Lyon pendant Il va sans dire que la tâche sera rude mais
quelques années ! EL- nous essaierons de faire aussi bien voire
Anne-Constance SA Lyon a organisé mieux que nos chers anciens ! Une seule
Bardou
SGén. ELSA Lyon
des groupes de re- chose est sûre, l‟année sera riche et nous
cherche sur des sujets avons hâte de partager avec vous cette ex-
juridiques tels que le droit pénal au périence !
Festival Pop and Europe – A truly fit-

ting contribution to Europe
Week 2010
There is more to from the Political Institute of Rennes as
Europe than well as the Law faculty of the University
simply politics of Rennes 1 to the languages school at
and on the even- Rennes 2. In organizing this event, they
ing of the 7th of took up-and met- the challenge of selling
May, the Rennes the „sexy‟ side of Europe. Fear not, it is not
branch of the all about EU law, elections and a Parlia-
Youth European ment in Strasbourg but rather an enticing
Parliament cauldron of musical tastes, literary diversi-
proved it with a ty and multilinguism.
lively and enter- Stir them all together and you had „Pop
Cassandra Fernandes taining music and l‟Europe‟. It was a wonderful opportu-
Fondatrice d‟ELSA Rennes
Présidente d‟ELSA Rennes
festival. Not nity to discover Celtic music thanks to
only that, but on Polish group, Danar as well as Klesmer
Saturday the 8th they also gave us an edu- dances (and boy, did we dance!)and other
cated insight into the other wonders of Eu- various traditional jewish dances thanks to
rope, such as the ERASMUS program the Beigal Orkestra and finally a delightful
which allows students to experience life dash of German Rock by the Hatchets on
and education in a country different to their the Friday evening. With French-style pa-
own as well as financial aid opportunities stries and crepes, a lot of help from high
thanks to various local, national and inter- school volunteers and the lovely music, it
national organizations which all shows that was undoubtedly a great night.
mobility is integral to European integra- As if this was not enough, we satisfied
tion. your culturel apetite on Saturday the 8th
The Youth European Parliament (YEP) is a with conferences given by esteemed pro-
non-partisan international organization fessors and experts on various aspects of
divided into national committees in 32 Europe such as the media and the move-
countries all over the European Union. Its ment of young people around Europe,
principal objective is to create a bridge among other topics. Finally, plenty of in-
between young people and the European formation was provided on funding for
Institutions through the organization of young people wishing to travel, study
simulations of actual parliamentary ses- abroad or embark on projects of their own.
sions in high schools. The YEP of Brittany To finish off a fantastic weekend the
is an independent association pursuing the House of Europe‟ the central office at
same goals set by the French YEP but at a Rennes concerned with all European
more local level. The YEP takes no politi- projects organized a presentation of Europe
cal stances and its only goal is to allow the via stalls and more music from Danar, on
people that make up the future of Europe Sunday, Europe Day, the 9th of May. At
the opportunity to freely discuss European the end of all that, people were certainly a
issues. The 2010 YEP committee in Britta- lot more attracted to the sexiness of Europe
ny is made up of a mix of students ranging than they were just a few days before!

Gene thieves and bio-pirats
The New Era condition? This is not a science fiction

Crimes scenario, it is a rather brand-new type of
crime called gene-theft. Apart from being a
crime, gene-theft is also a burning issue for
Let us admit it, bioethics. Thus, it is correctly believed that
in the long ca- such conduct is an unethical invasion of
talogue of human privacy1.
'classic' crimes
are now added However, it is true that in many countries
crimes commit- DNA-theft is not criminalized. In USA,
ted with new regulation varies from state to state and
Marilena Zidianaki technological actually only in eight states there are cur-
Vice-présidente Séminaires et
Conférences d‟ ELSA Grèce tools, emerging rently criminal or civil prohibitions on
2010-2011 and expanding such nonconsensual appropriation of ge-
so rapidly and netic materials2. In 2006 Great Britain also
vigorously that the legislators may fail to criminalized the taking of DNA without
regulate on time unless they keep their wits consent at the urging of the Human Genet-
about them. Some decades ago, for exam- ics Commission3.
ple in '60s, bank-theft or fraud appeared in
very specific forms, which gradually If identity theft has been concerning us for
turned out to be old-fashioned nowadays all these years, then it is high time we were
due to the changes brought by the great more and more on the alert for gene-theft.
technological evolution. Why is it so? It is reported that for fees as
low as $175, DNA laboratories will pro-
It is evident, though, that criminals do not vide a wide range of tests on genetic sam-
fail to keep up with the new inventions. In ples recovered from common objects. In
fact, their improvisation goes hand in hand other words, anyone possessing enough
with the technological breakthroughs. spare cash and determination can have a
Among the most interesting new-era stranger‟s genes analyzed without permis-
crimes are the so-called gene-theft and bio- sion4.
piracy. The first one concerns the theft of
human genes whereas the latter is about After all, genetic appropriation can be con-
natural resources and so far mainly about ducted for purposes like proving infidelity,
the flora of developing countries. In the challenging paternity, learning the medical
following lines, there are few highlights secrets of potential lovers and in-laws, em-
one needs to know before searching for ployment discrimination and so on. It is
further details. believed that the damage of DNA-theft can
be as devastating as identity theft and
DNA-Theft: Nonconsensual Gene Appro- maybe even more. It is of the greatest fears
priation that criminals may one day acquire the
capability to copy DNA of innocent people
Have you ever imagined that somebody and deposit it at crimes scenes, endanger-
would steal your hairbrush or coffee cup in ing the blameless and undermining a key
order to acquire your genetic material and tool of forensic investigation5.
gain more information about your medical
Bioprospecting: The High-Class Piracy in the national level whereas bio-piracy

should better be faced in the international
Bio-piracy is a term describing the ways level, for it usually involves more than one
that corporations from the developed world country. Besides, not only gene-theft is a
claim ownership of or take unfair advan- matter of bioethics but also the fairness of
tage of the genetic resources and tradition- bioprospecting contracts has been a subject
al knowledge and technologies of develop- of ethical debate15. Overall, gene-theft and
ing countries6. It emerged as a counter- bio-piracy seem to share common aspects
attack of the developing countries against while they are two completely different
the corporations which were complaining phenomena.
about intellectual piracy7 conducted by
developing countries. However, the origi-
nal term, used by academia and the suppor-
ters of commercialization of traditional 1Appel, Jacob M. 'Gene-nappers,‟ like identity thieves, new threat of
medicines, is “bioprospecting”, which in- digital age, The New Haven Register, Nov. 5, 2009
volves searching for, collecting, and deriv-

2See also Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008
ing genetic material from samples of bio-
diversity that can be used in commercia- 3Womack, Sarah. Report urges ban on secret DNA tests, The Daily
Telegraph, May 22, 2002
lized pharmaceutical, agricultural, industri-
al, or chemical processing end products8. 4Appel, Jacob M. 'Gene-nappers,‟ like identity thieves, new threat of
digital age, The New Haven Register, Nov. 5, 2009
The problem of bio-piracy was meant to be

5Appel, Jacob M. 'Gene-nappers,‟ like identity thieves, new threat of
solved in 1991 with the Convention on digital age, The New Haven Register, Nov. 5, 2009
Biological Diversity (CBD) which has em-
6Dutfield, Graham , What is biopiracy? Pg 1-4
bodied the principles of compensated bio- www.canmexworkshop.com/documents/papers/I.3.pdf
prospecting globally9,10. Compensated bio-
prospecting involves obtaining prior in- 7Intellectual piracy is a political term. The assumption behind it is that
the copying and selling of pharmaceuticals, music CDs and films an-
formed consent from the source country, ywhere in the world is intellectual piracy irrespective of whether the
works in question had patent or copyright protection under the do-
sharing benefits11, and promoting sustaina- mestic laws.
ble use of biodiversity. Where indigenous
knowledge holders are involved, efforts are 8Pan, Peter G, bioprospecting: issues and policy considerations
http://www.oha.org/pdf/bioprospecting/legs/Peter_G_Pan.pdf
made to recognize and protect their rights.
Nevertheless, during the past two decades 9Known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is an international
legally binding treaty that was adopted in Rio de Janeiro in June
there have been some interesting and wide- 1992 .USA is not a party of this treaty. Check out the official web-
page http://www.cbd.int/
ly known cases concerning bio-piracy, like
“The Neem Tree”, “The Enola Bean”, 10Check out the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for
“Basmati Rice” and “The Maya people's Food and Agriculture
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/011/i0510e/i0510e.pdf
Pozol drink”, showing that the conse-
quences of breaking the new rules12 have 11Benefits can take various forms, from royalties to negotiated advance
and milestone payments, capacity building, facilities and equipment
not effectively deterred some nations from transfer, personnel training, sharing of research, and other forms.
bio-piracy. One of the most interesting
recent cases13 is that of Van Roosmalen, a 12http://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/gollin.html (here you can
find the consequences)
dutch researcher in Brazil14 who was even-
tually released from prison. 13For the African cases have a look at
http://www.ghanaweb.com/public_agenda/article.php?ID=5062
Food For Thought 14http://www.scidev.net/en/agriculture-and-

environment/bioprospecting/editorials/biopiracy-requires-
reasoned-treatment.html
To sum up, both gene-theft and bio-piracy
seem to be in urgent need of regulation 15Eberlee, John (2000), Assessing the Benefits of Bioprospect-
nowadays. Gene-theft has to be dealt with ing in Latin America

2010, année de la bioéthique

La première interrogation remis également un rapport
relative à la bioéthique est rédigé par Jean Léonetti. Le
apparue avec l'utilisation des Conseil d'Etat a également pu-
éléments du corps et de l'em- blié une étude sur la révision de
bryon humain. la loi de bioéthique. Enfin,
Le Comité consultatif national l'Assemblée nationale avait
d'éthique pour les sciences de créé une mission d'information
le vie et de la santé fut crée en – comme ce fut le cas pour les
1983. lois de 1194 et celle de 2004 –
Olivier Sigman
En 1989, Guy Braibant, pour Président d‟ELSA Paris 2007/2008 qui a remis son rapport début
le Conseil d'Etat remet un Juriste en santé 2010 rédigé par Jean Léonetti.
Site internet: http://droit-
avant-projet de loi relatif "aux medecine.over-blog.com De tous ces rapports, de nom-
sciences de la vie et aux droits breux éléments préfigurent le
de l'homme" qui suscitera pressions, résis- projet de loi qui devrait être déposé au
tances et obstructions. cours de l'année 2010 si le calendrier par-
S'en suit Michel Rocard qui chargea Noëlle lementaire le permet.
Lenoir, en octobre 1990, d'une étude ap-
profondie de tous les aspects majeurs du Par cet article, cinq axes seront brièvement
droit et des pratiques en vigueur dans les rappelés: la recherche sur l'embryon, l'as-
pays étrangers. En juin 1991, elle remit son sistance médicale à la procréation, l'ano-
rapport « Aux frontières de la vie : une nymat et la gratuité du don, les diagnostics
éthique biomédicale à la français ». anténataux et les greffes.
L'Office parlementaire d'évaluation des
choix scientifiques et technologiques Sur le premier, il est désormais possible de
(OPECST) par la voix du sénateur Frank faire régresser des cellules différenciées en
Sérusclat, rendit publique en 1992 sa ré- cellules pluripotentes. Il n'en reste pas
flexion intitulée Sciences de la vie et moins que des milliers d'embryons surnu-
droits de l'homme : bouleversement sans méraires ne sont plus l'objet d'un projet
contrôle ou législation à la française. Le parental. La possibilité offerte aux couples
Parlement se saisit du texte dès 1990 pour d'accepter l'accueil par un autre couple n'a
que les lois dites de bioéthique finissent pas eu un franc succès. Les rapports remis
par être publiées le 29 juillet 1994. vont pour certains vers le maintien d'une
interdiction ou l'encadrement d'une déroga-
La révision de ces lois a eu lieu en août tion (mission parlementaire, OPECST et
2004 par une seule loi intitulée de bioé- Etats généraux), pour d'autres vers une
thique. La révision de cette loi est prévue levée de l'interdiction (Conseil d'Etat et
dans les 5 ans soit en 2009. C'est à cette Agence de la biomédecine)
période que l'OPECST remis son rapport
sur l'évaluation de la loi. S'en est suivie Sur l'assistance médicale à la procréation,
pour la première fois des états généraux la question récurrente est celle de l'accès:
mêlant spécialistes et profanes, membres l'âge des parents biologiques, la notion de
de la société civile formés à ce sujet et couple y afférent (mariés, un homme et
émettant leurs propres réflexions. La bioé- une femme? avec une durée de vie com-
thique n'est plus en ce XXIème Siècle une mune?), l'incapacité médicale à procréer.
affaire de spécialistes car elle concerne On peut certainement, surtout avec le der-
l'humanité entière. Ces Etats Généraux ont nier avis 110 du CCNE, savoir que l'inter-

diction de la gestation pour autrui sera La révision devrait intervenir au cours de

maintenue. cette année pour ne pas laisser les idées
Sur le troisième point très sensible de novatrices des rapports et notamment
l'anonymat, il est prévisible d'élargir l'ac- celles recueillies des citoyens à de lointains
cès aux données non identifiantes sauf passés. Cette révision sera également le
pour l'Agence de la biomédecine. moment - très certain – de ratifier la Con-
vention d'Oviedo. La loi de santé publique
Sur la gratuité, autre principe fondateur du sera également révisée en même temps et
don, des réflexions ont été menées pour des interactions – tout comme en 2004 –
l'indemnisation des donneuses d'ovocytes seront indissociables.
du fait des conséquences de la stimulation
ovarienne mais si une telle indemnisé de-
venait forfaitaire pour le don d'ovocyte, Sources:
cela ne reviendrait-il pas à donner un prix à *Agence de biomédecine, bilan d'applica-
un ovocyte ? S'agissant d'un élément du tion de la loi de bioéthique du 6 aout 2004
corps, comment serait alors justifiée la *Conseil d'Etat, étude: La révision des lois
gratuité du don d'organes ? de bioéthique
*Office Parlementaire d'Evaluation des
Sur les diagnostics anténataux, avec l'avis Choix Scientifiques et Technologiques,
du CCNE, les rapports abordent soit une l'évaluation de l'application de la loi
liste indicative de maladie, soit l'inclusion n°2004-800 du 6 août 2004 relative à la
de la trisomie 21 et une évaluation du dis- bioéthique (rapport n°1325 Assemblée
positif du DPI-HLA couramment et de nationale, 13ème législature; rapport n°107
manière néfaste appelé dans les médias Sénat)
« bébé médicament » *Etats Généraux de la Bioéthique, rapport
intégral
Enfin, sur les greffes dont la France se *Mission d'information sur la révision des
trouve toujours en pénurie, avec l'éclairage lois de bioéthique, rapport d'information
donné par le séminaire organisé récemment n°2235 (Assemblée nationale, 13ème légi-
par l'UNESCO à l'Académie de médecine, slature)
des pistes tendent vers une augmentation *Sénat: documents de travail, série Légi-
des donneurs à cœur arrêté. Une question slation comparée, L'anonymat du don de
reste posée au sujet du consentement pré- gamètes (n°186, septembre 2008) & L'ac-
sumé, implicite ou explicite. Une initiative cès à l'assistance médicale à la procréation
fut récompensée par la ministre de la santé (n°193, janvier 2009)
dans le cadre du concours pour les droits *Comité consultatif national d'éthique pour
des usagers dans le système de santé. les sciences de la vie et de la santé: Avis n°
90 Accès aux origines, anonymat et secret
La clause de révision est également de la filiation, 24 novembre 2005; avis
au cœur des discussions. Cinq années - n°105 Questionnement pour les états géné-
durée prévue dans la loi - peuvent être trop raux de la bioéthique, 9 octobre 2008; Avis
longues ou trop courtes pour prendre en n°107 Avis sur les problèmes éthiques liés
considération une avancée technique. aux diagnostics anténatals : le diagnostic
L'Agence de la biomédecine serait donc prénatal (DPN) et le diagnostic préimplan-
l'organe prévenant, par un rapport, le Par- tatoire (DPI), 15 octobre 2009 et avis
lement sur la discussion au vu d'un nou- n°110 Problèmes éthiques soulevés par la
veau fait intéressant les sciences de la vie gestation pour autrui (GPA), 1er avril 2010
et de la santé.

L’avocat français et la mondialisation
La mondialisation est un phénomène multidimensionnel né avant même la guerre froide.

Il se manifeste par des transformations économiques de grande ampleur et la diffusion
planétaire des modes de production et de consommation capitalistes. La mondialisation
touche tous les aspects de la société et nécessairement le droit. Qu’en est-il en particulier
de la profession d’avocat ?
Les avocats forment une les réseaux de cabi-

profession ancienne nets d‟avocats et les
ayant pour mission es- instances d‟arbitrage
sentielle d'assurer l'assis- en matière commer-
tance en justice et ayant ciale internationale,
le «pouvoir et devoir de les Etats ne jouant
conseiller la partie et de qu‟un rôle
présenter sa défense sans Vincent de Bonnafos et Marine Fardeau d‟accompagnateur.
l'obliger » (article 412 du Etudiants en Master 2 Droit Comparé Appliqué, A côté de ce droit
Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III
Code de procédure ci- transnational, il
vile). L‟avocat est sou- semble y avoir tout
mis à certaines règles essentielles telles un ensemble du droit des Etats qui con-
que le secret professionnel et la confiden- serve un caractère éminemment national.
tialité qui s‟imposent à lui tant en matière C‟est le cas des affaires qui ne présentent
judiciaire que dans le domaine du conseil. pas d‟élément d‟extranéité, comme no-
Dans ce contexte de mondialisation, il nous tamment le mariage de deux nationaux, ou
est donné de constater une scission du les transactions concernant les immeubles.
droit. Il semblerait de plus en plus qu‟il y Nous plaçons notre étude dans le cadre
ait deux niveaux distincts d‟appréhension mondial, transnational. La question que
du droit. D‟un côté, il est possible de dis- nous nous proposons d‟évoquer briève-
tinguer une matière commerciale qui s‟est ment est celle de la qualification juridique
internationalisée, voire transnationalisée, et de la prestation rendue par la profession
de l‟autre, un droit national qui d‟avocat. En effet, cette qualification est
s‟intéresserait à des affaires purement in- sujette à polémique.
ternes. D‟un côté, les organisations internationales
Certains auteurs vont même plus loin dans telles que l‟Organisation mondiale du
cette vision d‟un droit à deux vitesses, commerce (OMC) et l‟Union européenne
évoquant un droit transnational. Les élé- (UE) tendent à considérer l‟activité de con-
ments de ce droit transnational se trouvent seil juridique comme un service marchand.
dans les coutumes formées par l‟action des De l‟autre, de nombreux avocats et auteurs
Etats, dans les règles issues de la pratique estiment qu‟un élément supplémentaire lié
contractuelle des entreprises, les sentences à la déontologie, au souci de satisfaction
arbitrales rendues en matière internatio- du client, empêche la qualification de
nale. l‟activité de l‟avocat comme un service
Les principaux acteurs de ce droit transna- marchand.
tional sont les entreprises multinationales,
L‟intervention de l‟UE en matière de pres- Deux types de cabinets d‟avocats anglo-

tations de service est d‟une actualité brû- américains doivent être mentionnés : les
lante, elle a entendu les encadrer juridi- cabinets classiques et les réseaux multidis-
quement dans le cadre du marché intérieur, ciplinaires. Ces deux types de cabinet se
par le biais d‟une directive relative aux sont spécialisés dans le droit des affaires et
services. Cette directive a pour objectif de ont une stratégie internationale. Ils sont
lever les obstacles à la libre circulation des ainsi capables d‟accompagner les entre-
services dans l'UE. Elle devait être trans- prises pour toutes leurs opérations com-
posée par les Etats membres dans leur droit merciales et leurs investissements dans
interne au 28 décembre 2009. presque tous les pays du globe.
Le 33e considérant de la directive fait res-
sortir l‟étendue de son champ Toutefois, leurs approches diffèrent. Ainsi,
d‟application : sont visés les services con- les cabinets ou « Big five » inquiètent
cernant une grande variété d‟activités, dont l‟ordre de la profession d‟avocat en raison
les services de conseil juridique et fiscal. des méthodes de Common Law qu‟ils em-
Dans l‟arrêt Reyners du 21 juin 1974, la ploient y compris dans les affaires franco-
Cour de justice des Communautés euro- françaises qui leur sont soumises. Cela les
péennes (CJCE) avait déjà pris cette direc- différencie des avocats des réseaux qui
tion en estimant que des activités telles que sont essentiellement fiscalistes et
la consultation et l‟assistance juridique, ou s‟inscrivent dans une perspective plus
la représentation et la défense des parties «.nationale.» que leurs collègues anglo-
en justice dans le cadre d‟une profession américains. Ces derniers semblent importer
libérale comme celle d‟avocat n‟étaient pas leur culture, leur processus de décision et
susceptibles de constituer une dérogation sont donc, plus que les réseaux, des vec-
au principe de liberté d‟établissement. teurs de la pénétration en France des pra-
Cette conception marchande de l‟activité tiques de Common Law, notamment dans
exercée par l‟avocat est dénoncée par une la rédaction des contrats.
partie importante de la profession. Les
mots de Dominique de La Garanderie, bâ- Face à la concurrence des cabinets anglo-
tonnier du barreau de Paris en 1998, résu- américains qui dominent le domaine du
ment clairement cette position : « En aucun droit des affaires, on peut se demander si
cas nous ne voulons banaliser et confondre l‟affiliation d‟avocats français à un réseau
l'exercice de notre profession avec les « est de nature à affaiblir le droit français ou
prestations de service » ». En effet, la pro- si, comme l‟affirme Juri-Avenir, les ré-
fession d‟avocat est associée à une forte seaux peuvent être «.les vecteurs du déve-
dimension déontologique qui tend à diffé- loppement du droit français à
rencier l‟exercice de cette profession avec l‟international.».
une quelconque prestation de service mar-
chand. Le rapport Nallet, publié en 1998, souli-
gnait l'importance de ces réseaux interdis-
Face à ce constat d‟internationalisation et ciplinaires et pointait les avantages de l'in-
de mondialisation de la pratique du droit, terdisciplinarité qui offre une mutualisation
les cabinets issus de la tradition de Com- des compétences et des spécialités suscep-
mon Law ont su s‟adapter. Notamment, du tible d'améliorer la qualité de la prestation
fait de leur tradition juridique, les avocats juridique et permet aux cabinets « de lutter
anglo-américains sont davantage des busi- à armes égales avec leurs véritables com-
nessmen et par conséquent leur pratique du pétiteurs que sont les cabinets anglo-
droit est davantage adaptée aux circons- saxons plus encore que les grands ré-
tances économiques. seaux ».

Free movement of persons – Union

Citizenship
This article will give us the chance to refer to a very essential topic of the European Law, the
Union Citizenship. Then, we will try to make a compendious overview via six basic case studies
of the European Court of Justice.
I. Introduction  Art.2 EU: one of the objectives of

the EU is to strengthen the protec-
The numbers inside tion of the rights and interests of
the parenthesis refer the nationals of its Member States
to the corresponding through the introduction of a citi-
paragraphs of the zenship of the Union.
European Communi-  Articles 17-22 EC (“Every person
ty –EC – Treaty. The holding the nationality of a Mem-
differences between ber State shall be a citizen of the
Kostas Leimonis the EC Treaty and Union”)
Trésorier d‟ELSA Athènes the Lisbon Treaty
Rédacteur en Chef du regarding our issue B. Rights
magazine « De jure »
(ELSA Athènes) are negligible!
 Article 17 (2): Union Citizens en-
joy the rights conferred by the
Definition in Art. 17 (1) EC: Treaty (e.g. prohibition of discrim-
ination, Articles 12, 13)
“Citizenship of the Union is hereby estab-  Charter of Fundamental Rights
lished. Every person holding the nationality of (becomes binding after the ratifi-
a Member State shall be a citizen of the Union. cation of the Lisbon Treaty. ECJ
Citizenship of the Union shall complement and already refers to the Charter in its
not replace national citizenship.” decisions.)
 Article 18: Right to move and to
Articles 17-22 EC, the provisions on Union reside freely within the EU territo-
Citizenship, were introduced by the Maastricht ry
Treaty (which entered into force in 1993).  Article 19: Right to vote and to
Thus, they were added to the Treaty considera- stand as a candidate as far as the
bly later than fundamental freedoms. The Un- municipal elections and those of
ion Citizenship complements them and some- the EP are concerned.
times overlaps with them.  Article 20: Diplomatic or consular
protection
While the fundamental freedoms only apply to  Article 21: Right to petition the EP
economically active individuals (workers, self- and the European Ombudsman and
employed, service – providers and –receivers), to address the institutions in every
the Union Citizenship applies to everybody, language of the EU.
irrespective of his or her economic activity.
C. Direct Effect of Article 18 (1) EC
II. Provisions
For almost ten years, it was not clear
A. Legal Provisions whether Article 18 (1) conferred any addi-
tional rights upon European citizens. In-
 Preamble of EU Treaty: estab- itially, it was believed that the Union citi-
lishment of a citizenship “common zenship was only of symbolic value. But in
to the nationals of their countries”. Baumbast, the ECJ developed the view

that Article 18 (1) does actually grant addi- III. Cases

tional rights to European Citizens. 1. C-413/99, Baumbast [2002]
Facts:
Within the system of fundamental free- Mr Baumbast, a German national, resided
doms, the freedom of movement is only in the UK. He and his family were granted
granted to economically active persons. residence permits for five years, from 1990
Article 18 (1), on the other hand, grants a to 1995. Mr Baumbast was employed and
movement and residence right that is not later self-employed in the UK, later he
conditional of an economic activity of the worked for a German company in China
citizen. In Baumbast, the ECJ held that Ar- and Lesotho. He and his family enjoyed
ticle 18 (1) has direct effect. Thus, Mr comprehensive health coverage in Germa-
Baumbast could rely directly on the provi- ny. In 1996, the UK refused to renew the
sion in order to defend these rights against permit, claiming that Mr. Baumbast was
a Member State. neither a worker nor had a general right of
residence.
D. Preconditions for the enjoyment of
and restrictions on the rights of free Question emerged:
movement and residence Does an EU citizen who no longer enjoys a
right of residence as a migrant worker in
The right to free movement and residence the host Member State enjoy there a right
is not unconditional. The right may be li- of residence by direct application of Ar-
mited by the Member States by: ticle 18 (1) EC? – YES
The requirement to have compre- Findings of the Court:

hensive health coverage - A citizen of the European Union enjoys a
The requirement to have sufficient right of residence by direct application of
resources so as to not become an Article 18 (1) EC in a host Member State.
unreasonable burden on the public - The exercise of that right is subject to the
finances of the host Member State limitations and conditions referred to in
that provision. The host Member State may
Public order
require that he is fully insured and has suf-
Certain degree of integration into
ficient resources so that he does not be-
the (former) community (Bidar
come an unreasonable burden on the pub-
Case)
lic finance of the host Member State. Both
conditions were met by Mr. Baumbast.
E. Entitlement to certain social advan-
tages 2. C-138/02, Collins [2004]
Facts:
In its decisions on the freedom of move- Mr. Collins was born in the US and pos-
ment and residence, the ECJ developed the sessed both the US and the Irish citizen-
principle that Union citizens are entitled to ship. He studied in the UK for a semester
certain social advantages on the same and worked ten months in part – time jobs
terms as nationals if they are lawfully resi- in the UK between 1978 and 1981. In 1998
dents. They are protected from both direct he returned to the UK in order to find a job
and indirect discrimination. Historically, and subsequently claimed a jobseeker‟s al-
Union Citizenship was developed after the lowance. This was refused on the grounds
free movement provisions. Many rights – that he could not be regarded as habitually
such as the entitlement to certain social resident in the UK, thus no close – enough
advantages – were first developed under link to the UK labour market existed.
the umbrella of the free movement provi-
sions, namely workers. The ECJ extended Question emerged:
these rights to all EU citizens, irrespective
of their economic activity. Is Mr. Collins entitled to the jobseeker‟s
allowance even though he has been out of
the UK labour market for 17 years? – NO

Findings of the Court: child and applied for a child-raising allow-

- As no link can be established between the ance. The application was dismissed by
job-search and his habitual work in the UK Bayern on the grounds that she did not
17 years earlier, Mr. Collins cannot be have German nationality, a residence en
considered as a worker. His situation is titlement or a residence permit at the time
comparable to somebody who is looking of her application.
for his first job in another Member State, a
situation not covered by the right to resi- Questions emerged:
dence for the first three months of seeking - Does a benefit such as a child – raising
work. allowance, which is automatically granted
- The Court found that it was legitimate for to persons fulfilling certain objective crite-
a Member State to grant a jobseeker‟s al- ria, without any individual and discretio-
lowance only after it had been possible to nary assessment of personal needs, fall
establish that a genuine link existed be- within the scope of (former) Community
tween the person seeking work and the (now:Union) law as a social advantage? -
employment market of the State. YES
- Can a Member State require nationals
3. C – 200/02, Zhu and Chen [2004] from other Member States to produce a
Facts: formal residence permit – which German
Ms. Chen, a Chinese national, had tra- nationals are not obliged to have – in order
velled to Northern Ireland to give birth to to receive a child-raising allowance? – NO
her second child. The child received the
Irish nationality according to the Irish con- Findings of the Court:
stitution (but not the British nationality). - The child-raising allowance is a social
They subsequently moved to Cardiff and advantage within Article 7 of Regulation
applied for a long-term residence permit. 1612/68, thus within the scope of the EC
Ms. Chen had sufficient financial means to Treaty.
support herself. - Thus, Ms. Martinez Sala may base a
claim for the allowance on the principle of
Question emerged: non – discrimination
Is the child, who is a national of a Member - (Former) Community (now: Union) law
State, and her mother, a national of a non- precludes a Member State from requiring
member State, entitled to a residence per- nationals of other Member States autho-
mit? – YES rized to reside in its territory to produce a
formal residence permit issued by the na-
Findings of the Court: tional authorities in order to receive a
A young minor, who is a national of a child-raising allowance, whereas that
Member State, is covered by appropriate Member State‟s own nationals are only re-
sickness insurance and is in the care of a quired to be permanently or ordinarily res-
parent who is a third-country national hav- ident in that Member State.
ing sufficient resources for that minor not
to become a burden on the public finances 5. C-209/03, Bidar [2005]
of the host Member State, has a right to re- Facts:
side for an indefinite period in that State. Mr Bidar, a French national, entered the
In such circumstances, those same provi- UK accompanying his mother who was to
sions allow a parent who is that minor‟s undergo medical treatment there. He lived
primary career to reside with the child in with his grandmother, as her dependant,
the host Member State. and completed his secondary education.
He started studying in London and applied
4. C – 85/96, Maria Martinez Sala v for financial support. He received assis-
Freistaat Bayern [1998] tance with respect to tuition fees, but his
Facts: application for financial assistance to cover
Ms. Martinez Sala, a Spanish national, his maintenance costs, in the form of a stu-
lived in Germany, partly without a resident loan, was rejected on the ground that
dence permit. In 1993she gave birth to a he was not settled in the UK.

Questions emerged: - Does assistance provided to students law-

fully resident in the host Member State,
Whether in the form of subsidised loans or was paid a maintenance grant by the Dutch
of grants, fall within the scope of applica- authorities. But after June 2003 she ceased
tion of the Treaty for the purposes of the to be a “worker” and the Dutch authorities
prohibition of discrimination laid down in requested Ms. Förster to repay the money
the first paragraph of Article 12 EC? - she had received for the second half of
YES 2003. Under Dutch law, non-workers gain
- What are the criteria that a national court the right to a maintenance grant only after
must apply to determine whether the con- five years of residence.
ditions of granting assistance to cover the
maintenance costs of students are based on Question emerged:
objective considerations regardless of na- Is a Member State allowed to give a main-
tionality? tenance grant to an individual only after
five years of residence in the country? –
Findings of the Court: YES
- Article 12 EC must be interpreted as
precluding national legislation which Findings of the Court:
grants students the right to assistance cov- - The objective of the 5- years rule is to
ering their maintenance costs only if they limit maintenance grants to students who
are settled in the host Member State, while have integrated to a certain degree to the
precluding a national of another Member Member State‟s society.
State from obtaining the status of settled - The 5-years rule is not disproportional.
person as a student even if that national is
lawfully resident and has received a sub- In Bidar, UK law required not only a
stantial part of his secondary education in minimum period of residence, but also that
the host Member State and has conse- the student is (legally) established in the
quently established a genuine link with the UK. But this status of being established
society of that State. has not been made accessible for a student
- It is a legitimate aim that an applicant for under UK law: for a non-British student,
assistance needs to demonstrate a certain the requirement was virtually impossible to
degree of integration into the society of meet. Thus, the requirement was contrary
that State (a “genuine link” to the host to EC law. In Förster , on the other hand,
Member State needs to exist). the requirement of residence can well be
met by a non-Dutch student. Therefore it is
After Bidar, some critics argued that the not contrary to EC law.
ECJ had gone too far in broadening the
scope of the Union citizenship provisions, Indicative bibliography:
especially in regard to the access to social
advantages. The social protection systems  Friedl Weiss, Free Movement of
of some Member States, it was argued, Persons, 02/2009, University of
would be endangered by “social tourism” Vienna Publications
if they could not limit access to social ad-  Skandamis N., European Law,
vantages in some form. European Law I, Ant. N. Sakkou-
las, Athens, 2003
6. C-158/07, Förster [2008]  Sutton, The institutions of the
Facts: EEC: How development coopera-
Ms. Förster, a German national settled in tion policy is formulated, Dublin,
the Netherlands where she enrolled for 1976
training as a primary school teacher, which  Arnull A., The European Union
she finished in 2004. As she also held jobs and its Court of Justice, Oxford,
until June 2003 she was to be treated 1999
equally to students of Dutch nationality in  http://curia.europa.eu/ (online,
regard to social advantages. Therefore, she available

Search for the truth

Ray Krone spent ten years on the death row – innocent. ELSA Munich invited the U.S.
American in the framework of a nationwide series of lectures.
The first day in Ray Krone, but from another detained

prison, Ray man. When Ray Krone was dismissed from
Krone asked Arizona State Prison because of proven
himself three innocence, he had already spent ten years
questions: Did I in jail.
lock my car?
Who will feed Initiative against Death Penalty
my dog? And Ray Krone came to Munich at the invita-
who is going to tion of the European Law Student‟s Asso-
Thomas Wittmann replace me at the ciation of Munich to report about his ex-
Président d‟ELSA Munich important soft- perience since he was already touring
2009-2010
ball game? But through Germany to report on this subject
soon he would be restored to freedom on the suggestion of the “Initiative against
anyway, he thought, as he has nothing to Death Penalty”, which organised the logis-
do at all with the murder of the young tic part of the tour. As a local partner
waitress. However, everything took much ELSA Munich was responsible for the or-
longer than he expected. At first it were ganisation on the ground. In this regard,
only days, then weeks, months and finally ELSA made the premises available, pro-
years. In the end it has been ten years, vided for proper advertising and took care
which he spent on the death row of a about the media coverage. Besides, we
prison in the U.S. state of Arizona. He was have provided a reasonable accomodation
sentenced to death – for a crime, he has and meals for the speakers as Ray Krone
never committed. was accompanied by three more American
citizens affected. Nevertheless, the stu-
Release after ten years dents showed so much interest as the event
The first time he heard of the crime im- burst at the seams that all the effort was
puted to him was in the courtroom. In a bar worth the trouble.
in Phoenix, Arizona, the body of a waitress
was found. The murderer stabbed her Appeal to the students
eleven times and bit her in the neck and the Imagine, you are sentenced to death for a
left chest. During the investigations the crime you have never commited, spending
police encountered the 35-year-old mail- ten or twenty years behind bars. Over 130
man Ray Krone, who was a frequent guest people, who faced their execution, have
of the bar. The teeth traces on the chest of been released from prison by reason of
the body seemed to match with his denture. innocence. Ray Krone was the 100th pris-
In 1992, the trial started against him. A oner whose innocence has been proven.
short time later the jury found him guilty He ended his presentation with a demand-
of murder and the judge sentenced him to ing request to the students: “Perhaps one
death.However, in spring 2002 a DNA day you have yourself somebody like me
analysis proved that the spittle on the sitting in front of you at the courtroom, but
clothes of the victim did not originate from please, keep up and search for the truth”.

Toi aussi, fais partie de l'International

Legal Research Group on Freedom of
Speech (1/06/2010 - 3/04/2011) !!!
Si tu t'intéresses aux droits de l'homme, au droit européen et au droit constitutionnel, si
tu n'as pas encore de plans pour l'année prochaine, si tu n'as jamais participé à un pro-
jet d'ELSA et ainsi à un projet international,- t'es un candidat idéal !
Nous cherchons et qui influence notre esprit citoyen. Notre

des participants action, menée sous l'égide du Conseil d'Eu-
pour ce projet in- rope, vise à promouvoir le savoir dans le
ternational qui domaine des droits de l'homme ainsi que le
engage des étu- principe d'égalité en Europe. Les partici-
diants en droit de pants, au sein d'assemblées internationales,
toute l'Europe ! travailleront en s'appuyant sur la liberté
d'expression dans des environnements so-
Le projet "Interna- ciaux différents, par exemple la politique
tional Legal Re- ou les médias publics.
Barbara Marlewska search Group" est
ELSA Gdañsk un projet lancé par La méthodologie de cette étude est quel-
ELSA Internatio- conque; de plus - la diversité des tech-
nal s'adressant aux groupes locaux ELSA niques de recherche est souhaitable ! On
dans tous les pays d'Europe. peut utiliser des livres, Internet, des sys-
tèmes d'information de loi, et tout ce que
Notre LRG se spécialisera dans un sujet vous vient à l'esprit ! Les résultats du tra-
lié à la liberté d'expression, un sujet d'ac- vail de l'ILRG seront dévoilés pendant
tualité toujours aussi fascinant et omnipré- International Council Meeting a Poznañ
sent dans notre culture. (Pologne), au début du mois avril 2011 et
publiés dans la presse juridique.
Le projet entend toucher les sujets de la
haine raciale et religieuse, la liberté d'in- Nous vous invitons tous à participer à l'In-
formation et des médias ainsi que les li- ternational Legal Research Group !
mites de cette liberté; bref - tout ce dont la Pour postuler, veuillez me contacter !
réalité européenne se compose aujourd'hui
Coordinator of the International Legal Research Group

"Freedom of Speech"
barbaramarlewska@gmail.com

Le droit au théâtre n’est pas qu’une

revendication !
La procédure d’une audience est d’une théâtralité étonnante : des costumes à la scéno-
graphie, tout est clairement défini, chacun tient son rôle - bien que certains aient sans
doute préféré un autre casting. Et quelle prouesse oratoire que celle de la plaidoirie ! Au
delà de la différence fiction/réel qui les distingue la justice et le spectacle vivant entre-
tiennent des similitudes singulières.
Sur le campus nir le trait d‟union entre la création de sa-

nantais, Droit et voirs et la création artistique.
spectacle vivant
se côtoient géo- Droit et spectacle vivant se côtoient aussi
graphiquement : thématiquement : les arts de la scène se
non loin des am- vivent ici et maintenant tout en vous pro-
phis, à proximité posant d‟être Ailleurs. Aller au théâtre,
de l‟arrêt de tram c‟est ouvrir sa fenêtre sur le monde et sur
Facultés, le TU d‟autres points de vue. Et généralement, de
Stéphanie Lepage est un théâtre sa fenêtre, on ne reste pas inactif, immobile
Chargée des relations unique en France, ou encore insensible à ce qu‟on voit.
avec les publics uni-
grand ouvert aux Aller au théâtre, c‟est aussi réagir à ce que
versitaires
étudiants. S‟il y a disent, à ce que montrent les artistes de
quelques théâtres universitaires en France, notre manière de vivre. Loin d‟être réser-
le TU est une rareté. vée aux littéraires, la sortie au théâtre
s‟adresse à tous, c‟est une manière de par-
Soutenu par l‟Université de Nantes et par ticiper à la vie de la cité et d‟en discuter le
plusieurs collectivités, il est le seul a être sens tout comme le droit à son endroit.
labellisé au niveau national. Ainsi en sa
qualité de scène conventionnée il propose Fort de ces constats le TU-Nantes et ELSA
un projet artistique professionnel Nantes inaugurent cette année un partena-
d‟envergure nationale et internationale. riat complice pour se rapprocher encore un
Tout au long de la saison, des artistes, cho- peu plus les uns des autres.
régraphes, metteurs en scène, comédiens,
danseurs ou encore musiciens, habitent le Ensemble, nous vous conseillons dans
TU et le campus. votre parcours de spectateur, questionnons
les rapports entre théâtralité et droit ou
C‟est dans cette interaction, dans cet être encore élaborons des débats autour de
ensemble que sont créés des spectacles thématiques de la saison 2010 / 2011 du
parfois plébiscités par la suite dans toute la TU : le corps, la mémoire, le parricide,
France. Il suffit de pousser les portes du l‟utopie, les territoires, etc. Bref, soyons
TU pour satisfaire votre curiosité et deve- ensemble acteurs du Droit au TU !
Le TU Nantes
www.tunantes.fr - 02 40 14 55 14

Eur@dioNantes : « L'auberge
espagnole sur les ondes » !
Genèse d'une ra- l'actualité locale avec un œil européen, ou
dio résolument vice-versa.
européenne
Sur le 101.3FM et sur
Après avoir invité www.euradionantes.eu on vous promet
des étudiants l'Europe vue d'une autre oreille. A l'opposé
étrangers dans son d'une vision technocratique de l'Union eu-
émission matinale ropéenne. La proximité commence avec
sur Jet Fm, radio une part importante de programmes propo-
Laurence Aubron
locale nantaise, sés par des bénévoles, faisant d'Euradio-
Directrice d‟antenne
d‟Eur@dioNantes Laurence Aubron, nantes, une radio citoyenne. Ces « euro-
journaliste, a eu philes » parlent de l'Europe sous l'angle de
envie de créer une antenne pleinement eu- l'écologie, de la pop scandinave, du cinéma
ropéenne, une radio qui parle d'Europe en espagnol, en passant par la philosophie ou
européen dans le texte et qui laisse de côté l'architecture...
son nombril franco-français. En 2006, l'as-
sociation de radio européenne nantaise est Parfois, les émissions sont diffusées en VO
créée et Euradionantes arrive sur les ondes sans sous-titre, on écoute de l'italien, du
en 2007. portugais, de l'allemand, de l'anglais. C'est
là un autre des objectifs affichés par la
Premier objectif : être une radio-école, un station européenne : décomplexer la pra-
projet unique associant formation et pratique des langues. D'ailleurs chaque jour,
tique, sur un créneau inédit, le journalisme dans « English for everyone » l'antenne est
européen de proximité. La radio et ses animée en anglais par des Anglais.
journalistes formateurs accueillent ainsi
chaque année deux promotions de jeunes Bientôt une petite soeur ?
étudiants en journalisme qui composent
une rédaction multiculturelle. En ce mo- Aujourd'hui Euradionantes s'est fixé une
ment, Clare d'Angleterre, Nereira d'Es- nouvelle ambition : se reproduire. Créér
pagne, Zsuzsanna de Hongrie, Rita d'Al- une nouvelle radio-école dans une autre
lemagne officient à l'antenne... Au total, ville d'Europe.
une soixantaine de jeunes a vécu ce stage
singulier où l'on apprend à travailler au- Plusieurs projets sont à l'étude mais de
trement. nombreuses questions doivent être réso-
lues : quel statut juridique pour ce réseau
Un côté tour de Babel radiophonique d'un nouveau genre, afin
que soit notamment respectée la ligne édi-
À Euradionantes, le français est la langue toriale de la radio ? Un cas pratique de
étrangère commune à chacun, les jeunes le diversité européenne.
parlent avec leurs accents, ils décryptent
Eur@dioNantes sur le 101.3FM à Nantes et dans sa région, et sur

www.euradionantes.eu. Pour plus de renseignements, communica-
tion@euradionantes.eu.

Informations pratiques
Pourquoi adhérer ?
- Pour pouvoir postuler aux offres de stages à l’étranger (STEP) ;
- Pour participer aux conférences d’ELSA en Europe et aux universités d’été

et d’automne à tarif préférentiel ;
- Pour faire de la radio, programme mensuel ELSA Nantes chez

Eur@dioNantes, la radio européenne basée à Nantes ;
- Pour participer aux spectacles du TU suivis de débats juridiques à tarif

réduit ;
- Pour visiter les cabinets d’avocats de Nantes, se familiariser avec leur tra-
vail et certains cas juridiques précis ;
- Pour participer aux concours d’essais en partenariat avec le Conseil de

l’Europe ;
- Pour participer aux Study Visits : ELSA Nantes rend visite en mars à ELSA
Padova, au programme visite culturelle de Vérone, Venise, Padoue, con-
férences et soirées internationales ;
- Pour parrainer et être parrainé par un étudiant de la faculté de Droit ;
- Pour avoir des tickets à tarif réduit pour les soirées internationales ;
- Pour faire partie de la plus grande association d’étudiants en Droit au

monde et partager une expérience unique !
Comment adhérer ?
- L’adhésion se fait d’abord en ligne sur notre site internet puis est finalisée
par le paiement en espèces ou par chèque à ELSA Nantes. Nous avons
une boîte postale à l’accueil de la Faculté de Droit de Nantes !
Montant de l’adhésion : 6 euros par an

fLAWless
n°2
Octobre 2010
ELSA Nantes
Faculté de Droit et des Sciences politiques
Chemin de la Censive du Tertre - B. P. 81307
44313 NANTES CEDEX 3
Mél. : elsa@elsa-nantes.fr
flawless@elsa-nantes.fr
Site : http://www.elsa-nantes.fr
Photos : Clément Thomas

Rédacteur en chef et mise en page : Alexandra Maupas
La Tour LU
Nantes

Flawless N°1 - Magazine of ELSA Nantes (France)

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Magazine of The European Law Students’ Association

ELSA NANTES FlawLESS of Nantes – France

A Vision of ELSA ELSA FRANCE

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 1 Thomas

Déclaration philosophique d'ELSA adoptée

To contribute to legal education, to foster mutual understanding and to promote social

Contribuer à l'enseignement juridique, favoriser la compréhension mutuelle et promouvoir la

Encourager les étudiants et jeunes juristes à agir pour le bien de la société.

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 2

ELSA est une Les Activités académiques regroupent les

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 4

« Law Summer Schools », universités nale au vu de son ouverture d‟esprit et de

Dear ELSA Network,

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 5

ELSA Nantes, 2000-2004

J‟ai assisté à la quait : un peu de « lien social et une di-

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 6

ELSA… What else?

I would say there University of Corunna, Spain. Back then, I

ELSA – a way to broaden your views

When I started my The vision of our association is for sure

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 8

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 9

German ELSA experience

of being the last ones to

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 11

My ELSA Romania experience

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 13

My ELSA Portugal experience

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 14

ELSA Spirit by ELSA Istanbul

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 15

The Final IFP Conference Intellectual

The International More than 90 law students and young law-

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 16

In our preparations, we were

In conclusion I can say

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 17

Following the right STEP

La « STEP Newsletter » est publiée chaque mois et renou-

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 18

A trainee at the United Nations in

Having com- ternational and European Environmental

access to a lot of internship offers all over ternship in a European/International organ-

Présentation des « Study Visits »

Je m’appelle Pierpaolo Cavagnero, je suis le Vice-Président Séminaires et Conférences

C‟est pas du tout Le but principal d‟une « Study Visit » est

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 20

ELSA France : The Year of Change

ELSA Lille ainsi qu’ELSA Rennes viennent de se

Le projet ELSA Tours

Je suis étudiant en la possibilité d'effectuer un stage à l'échelle

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 21

Welcoming ELSA Lille

Nestled between and international exchange to practice and

A partir de la formation elsaienne tradi- XIXème siècle et a mis en place un fameux

Festival Pop and Europe – A truly fit-

Magazine of The European Law Students‟ Association of Nantes - n°1 23

Gene thieves and bio-pirats

The New Era condition? This is not a science fiction

Bioprospecting: The High-Class Piracy in the national level whereas bio-piracy

volves searching for, collecting, and deriv-

The problem of bio-piracy was meant to be