Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
!!"
!"
#$#%&'())*+
! "
#$
#
C! 6D / 0
%&$/!!;&6//
E.
-
6 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
5 B%& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 1
? 6C6 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 1
?9
F 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 1
?91 6 / 99999999999999999999999999999999999 ?
?95 B 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 ?
?9? " 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 ?
?9< ' 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 ?
< 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 ?
<9
*! 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 ?
<91 B %& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 ?
<95 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 ?
<9? 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 <
<9< 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 @
8 "! 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 =
89
6C6 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 =
891 6C6 # 999999999999999999999999999999 =
895 %%0&E 999999999 =
89? ) 9999999999999999999999999999999999999 =
89< / 0 999999999999999999999999999999 =
898 )! 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 =
89@ )!/EDC!!/$699999999999999999999999 7
89= )6 E! 99999999999999999999 7
897 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
4
89
4 )!/D 99999999999999999
4
89
89
5 ) $/ $ 9999999999999999999
89
? 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
89
< ) &$
999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
89
8 /$ /$/ / 9999999999
1
89
@ ) $! 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
1
89
= )! /! D$/99999999999999999
1
89
7 )! /! D$ 999999999999999999999
1
8914 )! 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999
1
@ 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
5
= '/#& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
5
7 ./$ 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
5
$%&$'(%
!
)*+,-./0. 12
%&'()*+,-.,-/0..&'1,-/0*+1&'/2&'3&*1+4)+5&3)677789
:)-)'+*/.)(,2,(+1,&-/
#$#%%&'&( !! !"!"
C!E %% /0/
/& C! #
! $ E
444 * !
44 .& !
! 0 !!/$/!%!9
!""#
*C/ DC:
.-7=1>=4 "%9
.-
455>@7 -/0 !9
.-
<
89
>@8 G6 $ 5 <44 *9
6 #!/&
.-
<
891>7@ G6 # $
5* E96C!#!/&
.-177
>=< 2CC/6$/ !<44$96C
.-<1??>@7 - 9
.-8<=
>@< "#/& 9"#!
.-
4
1
>@8 "% !9
.-
4574>=8 G6 E5*9"! E
!/& /$/
.-
5=@5>=
)/96
.-
?
71>78 " $/
.-
<
<4>87 "E06$/9)/
! 9B$0 #&0
/! % E!
.-
<
<
>87 "E06$/!
96C
.-
<<?59
>=7 )/#96C6 !
E /! DC%
.-
@<
1>=1 G6 # 5* E9"
/
.-
=1?1>@1H -! ! /9
)'#&*+,#-.*&
.-
=51
>@5 -! 9 " !$ 6 6
E!&
.-
=814>=8 )/#9"
.-14?
7>=5 "#9B%&
6
.-151
8>@= )/#9F0 0
//C0 96C6 !
.-15@48>75("GB<
8>=?+ 6$ / DC#/
$! $9I8966 (
6/$ +6/ !
.-1??47>=4 "#9"!
.-18475>=? )/9"!
.-18
78>=?("GB?5@>@5+ )/9"/
) *+#,
59
//$ (!E !+0
/ !!/EDC!/$6 $
$ $/ $6/%&9
591 * 6//6 &%/D:
>!J
K>E !J
*> D DD J
50@<J?J8J
4J1499> DD/EDCD/$6
DJ
84J=4J
1<J
7<99> $/ $
J
00 *9 9>%&D/ $ /
$J
'FL0>9M'FL/ J
'999>6/ !/$9
$ 6 / /$E $ !
!!/EDC!!?0
$/ $84*0%&
0$//
$! !&:
I H
BD
#N
H
#
!N
!
!
!9
- ./0# !
34( 56/+6.+/
?9
9
)/ 6 C$ 0
/$!&0 !
9
?9
91 )/ 6! /! D% E!
/$ $'FL$!/C
>5.-
<
<49
/% E!>.-
<
<4.-
<<?59
0
# / DC$ /<4NO9
)/0 / 6
444 5<44 0
0/ E #%%&0
!.-
<
89
9
?9
95 )/ ! /EDC! !
/$60 /! 6/ /
$9
?9
9? G/ :
$/ $J
E! (/ !
+J
E! ( /
! +J
&$ (/
! +J
&$ (/
! +> 6/!0 .-
<
89
0
6/ /$9
' &$
D '/ 9
?9
9< )/ 6 E!
0 /$ 6/ /
$9
E6 $ /&! D
E! 6
089
?9
98 )/ /! $
E!$/0 /6/
!#0C! $ <9
?9
9@ )/ 6!9
?9
9= )/ 6/ !& $/
84D<4NO9$&/ 6
!!/EDC!!/$69
?9
97 )/ ! /$/
! ! /$/ <0
<0 54 <4 -
/ 0/$ 6/
/$9) 6 D69
?9
9
4 )/0/! 0
/! % E!:
(! +J
$( $! +J
$/J
$($+9
?9
9
1 2!#
=4( 8.<8+>
M / 6 C$
%&00 9
=47 ;1
/ 8.<8+2
B %& / !E!&D
&$ /$ !(%& !+&
!&!0 ! 9
=4: %69 .+ -8.<8+2
<959
) !/ 9// $
0/$ $ 9
;>
O!9
6
#WE
R R969@ S9S F 6T ?
I!
#WR
S I!
R969? S9F T ? E
#Q
H#;
D#
#WR
@ I R9E96 S9A ? F T
PP
!N#
#
W?
;I!
W
9
E
&'(
6 #N
H R96966 S9? F 6E E7
E X R96966 S9? F 6E B
I!
#
W6
T X
H
QWY
R969T S9@ B B R
I!
#
O
W6
R I!
O R969? S9F R R B
#Q
H#
I!
#
WE
I!
# I!
#
WE O
W6
PP
!N#
#
W?
@ <# !
R969R S966 B B T
#Q
#
C
!!
O O
!G C
W6
!
!G
F <# !
R969R S96T B B
!
A Z#!
O R969R S96R B B $
!
O
#
C
!!
O O
!G WA
C
!
!O
G
)
&'(
66
O R969A S96S B B T
#!
# O I!
#
! O
W6
6E <H!N
O R96967 S96@ B R B
#
O
W6E
6R <!
O R96967 S96A B R B
D#
#
O
W6T
6? H! R96967 S9E7 B R B
D#
#
O
W6R
<9?95 /!D 0 6
/6 $%$/9
<9?9? ,6 %!/0 !
/ /D0 !
/9
/!D 0
6 $%$/9
/ $$/
/ D / 9
<9?9< /! 6%9
=4= < 18.<8+2
<9<9
/&0$%%0
$& /$ / & /
! / 9
<9<91 /060EE!
9
6/ ><95919
<9<95 6W0/ 6&19
- 6W !$6/
!& / /!
/ 6 $ !0
$ 6/$ 9
<9<9? / !D 06
$%$/9
/ !$/
DCD&D DE!E 69
<9<9< / ! 6%9
*
% 3""4
4( )*+6) 12/.<8+29
6/ 6 0
C( DC!+9
47 )*+6) 12/?/+6-./9.<8+29
8919
% 6DC:
/>
4?4NOJ
/>?<S=4SJ
% >=?
489
89191 (+ % > .-
<
8919
/ % 0DC0 /
.-
<
891 % 9
89195 )/ $ >.-
@<
19
4: %6 16//-.+1< 16, .+
6
6@< /68+269+0689+8,A1 1
6 0 66 /
%%0&E >.-184759
43 .<8+<668189< + / 9./6
89?9
- $ !
' (! %
$DC! + 6 D($ D+%/
/9
89?91 $ D
M / D//D
&D9 D // /E @
! !6W 06/$//
/6±<NO9
6D$E/>6
NO9
6C/ /! $D 6
6549
89891
)/ $D&$
@4NO9
* 6 (+ / !84 $ $!!
!D%
Q
<04 P40@0(5+
$>/0$9
*$ / !684$ 6(84±<+9
M / D /
! $
9
89895 & /
)/D E0/E 69
4B .<8+9,-./ >660AC*>. ><6D)
89@9
- $ !
/ E 6 /$6DCD0 D
/0 $/ !!/EDC!
//$69
$E/!>65S9
89@91 $ D
)/ E ! / ! E0 /$6DCD
D&/9
89@95
60 !D0 ED/0 $
@<S !!/EDC!9M!E 6
D54S84S $/ 9- $
/9M E/E/9
89@9? & /
)/D E0 /EDC
/$6$6//E9
4 .<8+<6 )189<62E9<6 98A >-.+ +8
89=9
- $ !
6 ! >.-184759
/ /&D#
4
4⋅#!D8* 6!9
M %.-7=1.-
4
1
6 1<* DC /6
$ $/9
'# D$.-15@4806
DC #$ ! ! <44
444 *X9
) ! / $ #$ #!
/&!>.-8<=
9
/6 6 !/0C
06$/06/$ /
0 /06/$ //&$9
89=91 $ D
)6 /0$ D
6 /&! ! 0 6 DC ! /0
C 06/!0/ 89=9
9
$ / /&D 6/ /E!
E /9
89=95
E $ $ 6 6
,
9
- $ !
' 6 :
% ! 999999999999999999999999999 D
99999999999999999999999999999999 (<4±<+.&
E$/! DC 9999999 √ 1 ±404@9
M! DC / E$ $ / $
! 6405
9
89
91 $ D
)/ D &$/ !
//!!9K 6 E$
/0> !! /9* >
/(+9
B/!//!0C!
$/ 0D 9 /6
/
9M 6
0<S /0
1<9
) D //!!9
!/0C 0 DC
0</ E /06
9
89
95
) E!
$/ %
891919
@< S $ / D// !
D( +0/$ 0D1S
-
! 0 ED $ /9 *
/
9
89
9? & /
)/D E0 /
$ /E69
4(7 .<8+186E1989<62E9<6 98A >-.+ +8< E9
89
19
- $ !
' 6 0
89
9
0 # ! DC / E$ $ /
$ ! 6
9
6 DC :
( $/+ DC
04>
0<X J
/D6 /!>40<104XJ
0 14NO0>(
44±
<+⋅9
89
191 $ D
$ D> 89
919
& / 0$
>.-
<
8919
)/ 6 $ /! D $
<9 $ D
06! 0 6E<
/ &6#%% $
!/ 0 EDC549
89
195
) E!
$/ %
891919 - > 89
919
89
595 $ D
) $/ $ /
DC $ / $ %!
01X<4!0 ! $ $ 0
% 891919I 6
<
! : ! &!9 , / 0 !
6//0 6
#!9
89
59? & /
)/ D E 0 /E 6 /E
6 !!9
4(3 <606 126 < 9,
6 0 &/
D >.-18
789
4(= .<8+186E1989<62E9/ 990+ D 9<0
.< E91.0, 9
. .+ 2
6 0 &/
&$ >
.-
<
8919
)!
/ 9
6D$E/>6±1NO9
891491
)/CD D<<NO0$/
D $ E! 0 / $
6/ /$9
ED=<NO D 89
/ D DC!
19
891495 & /
)/D E0/E6
# //E /!9
<
<4J
/ > 7.-
<
<49
@95 F/ /! % E!:
/ 'FL> <0@=.-
<
<4J
/ > 87.-
<
<49
C / 6
0DDC / 9
@9? M & /6 / $ /! D
!% 9
$ #6 7#8,
'/ #&> !&!0
! 9
( 69 !
79
)/$ $ / 6 C$
6D66 !D0 D0 #&9
791 .!!#&>$ / #&D0
6?0<69
'MB81
95
8981:44895<?"B-1794=49
4,5<B5?75??
BD :/E %% 0 E
444*0 0
%&0 0 0 !0 0 0
00$/$
.
"
/
/0
1
2 2 3 -$ 2-*2---2 4
$2-)2--2 5
-$2-*2--2 &222 %2 &26
22 %*-2
7 *- 82 4 +*2 92 )))2
15/ 1
% -*-*)% % /
!" 2% 2
1
5:;
< 15/ 1
= 2 > " ?% --)% % ( 2% )2
5 3 -+--