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A wave motion is described by the oscillation of particles.

What is the name given to the number of complete osciJTatlons ora particJe-irrune"Second? --------- .....

A amplitude

B frequency

c wavelength
D. wave speed

A sour:td wave has displacement y at distance x from its source at time t.

Which graph correctly shows the amplitude a and the wavelength ;t of the wave? .

A B ..
y ..l .

distance x distance x

)
:

c D
y

timet
·. timet

both·

Which statement about the·motion of points in the string is correct?

!

A The speed at point P is a maximum.

1
8 The displacement at point Q is always zero.

C The energy at point R is entirely kinetic.

D The acceleration at pointS is· amaxfmum.
t3
 ~ The diagram shows a transverse wave on a rope. The wave is travelling from left to right.

At the instant shown, the points P and Q on the rope tiave zero displacement and maximum -A !;:\
displacement respectively. nd~ t!J

--------- --------- I~~

o/w jra!jh
f( c~t
rt1Cih'on 6f
~rh"c1es
t'C} Jo~n uuvdt .
.. direction of wave
- At- ~.e~t--
Which of the following describes the direction of motion, if any,. of the points P and Q at thi;p~ ~~~?'r~
instant? · . ~ ... ~
. ~o~f~
... point P point Q
r
· Stop·
A downwards stationary
B stationary downwards
c stationary upwards
D upwards stationary

S"" The graph shows how the displacement of a particle in a wave varies with time.
AN~~
(")re, r. h 0~ rf,-~p.
<\J S f(rr-t' for.
boih +~,svet~f
& '01)9 if·u~l ,qJ
-- w~vP~ ~ppec.y$
rrke thr<;
j~pl,·
~ lt"}u~idc; r )
Which of the following is correct?

A The wave has an amplitude of 2 em and could be either transverse or longitudinal.

- 8--- The
.
Wave
..
has an amplitude
.
of 2 cm_and must be
. .
'
transverse.-
. •. . .

c The wave has an amplitude of 4 em and ·could be either transverse or longitudinal.

D The wave has an amplitude of 4 em and must be transverse.

b .The frequency of a certain wave is 500Hz and its speed-;-34om s-1• \J =~,A
. 1u o::. Sot>A
What is the phase difference between the motions of two pomts on the wave 0.17 m apart? ~ :: 0 .6g .......,

3 1t rad J" ~ ()· r7rr'l

A 1t rad B 1t rad c D rtrad
4 2 4 cl> ::: W-J'
-=-i6o·cr,;lM)
-= 'fi re.n.
t til\ 2
AtH ~
1; A displacement-time graph for a transverse wave is shown in the diagram.

X
displacement

time

The phas~ difference between X and Yean be express·ed as nn:.

What is the value of n?

A 1.5 B 2.5 . C 3.0 D 6.0

B. The graph represents a sinusoidal wave in the sea, travelling at a speed of 8.0 m s-:-1, at one
instant of time. The maximum speed of the oscillating particles in the wave is 2rcaf, where a is the
amplitude and fis the frequency. · · ·

displacement
lm

An object p of mass 2.0 x 10-3 kg floats on the surface.

What is the maximum kinetic energy of P due to the wave? Assume that its motion is verticaL

A 0.026mJ B 4.0mJ c 39mJ D 64mJ

'

v -;:. ~ .0 1M ~~ A -= ~0 ""'"" =) ~ ~ "!A

{from '..-c, p\,) ·

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a
What is the relationship between the intensity I and the amplitude a of wave?
: ,d,. m_,_ ..
-;· . .

.
.

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I
- =constant
ANS (i)
a
1~ Q "2
I
B -=constant
a2 r =- lO'fi$· o,
c I a = constant 1
- - Corii·
') r
Q
D I a2 =.constant
A displacement-time graph is sho,;.,n fo; a·particularwave. .·. ·M_s· @:)
·h~'v{~ g
douhJf~T
displacement fr hc.l~ ~~ ~~"
wQvP~ ~ecn.
0
1/\ I/\ f,~f hr,.- ft CN B
~/ ~imJI.
:1 2. .. (A~) 2 :· ·

.
i, :: 11,
A second wave of similar type has twice the intensity and half the frequency.
zJ:-r ~'-)) 1
When drawn on the same axes, what would the second wave look like?
2=.( fr,.)
A 8 A*>-:. f2::: ,.. ll1
.'
op t:on ®
3placement ·displacement
~~-+--~~----~--~ r~--+-~~~--~--~

c 0

splacement ·displacement
~+-~-4--~~--~+-~ ~~-+~--~~--~~~

_ ...
 ?,. A health inspector is measuring the intensity of a sound. Near a loudspeaker his meter records
_an intensity I. This corresponds to an amplitude A of the sound wave. At another position the
meter gives an intensity reading of 2/. -· · · - ·· · #_- ..
11N<) tB'
\V
- A2 _ 1 . .;.
.:---What is-the-Go~+SSporn:ling-sound wave amplitude? lf1- i ----~-~
1
A A 8 ..fi A C 2A D 4A ..
4 ..f2 . AJ • -=-.., A> fi.jl =12A
"The intensity of a progressive wave is proportional to the square of the am~itude of the wave. It -
is also proportional to the square of the frequency. ' t;;\
. . . d!!S. {V
. -The v~riation with tinie. t:of displac~mentxof partides in a medium, when twO progressive waves . ·
P and Q pass separately through the medium, are shown on the graphs. A~ : 2'£
0

X
wave P
X
wave Q :: '2 Ap
2x0

Xo Xo
I

y------\------+-~\r)cifQ Sf~
2 lo t rnkhsify
. ~·
t\) fo uy H-mrs
TG-:. 2C\)
The intensity of wave P is / 0 • -::.2fp
•T
d10uhr,·rry pe-r; od h~l~
What is the intensity of wave Q? f~tven.(t}
_.S. A ;6/o 8 _Io . C 8/o . D 16/o ~I Vt'n~ f _, ~~-tl(~~ ~-to.J!.~~---
.. - . - '. ~(\{.h.> cr<t,r-AP-L-1-b .,_ __~.,__,_ :
A plane wave of amplitude A is incident on a surface of area S placed so that it is perpendicular
to the direction of travel of the wave. The energy per unit time reaching the surface is E. Oou~l;"'1 OWl~
tfl_C· lnt h l.J•
The amplitude of the wave is increased to 2A and the area of the surface 1s reduced to 2 S . •·.. e- ln( ~o u.
1

. h 1.
How much energy per unit time reaches this smaller surface? {\ Vl'1J qr-~
. . ~'~~e'1~
G. A 4E .· B 2E _ c E o fE bliS.. @) ~(itE)::.zf:-
A wave of amplitude 20 mm has intensity /x. Another wave of the same frequency but of
amplitude 5 mm
has intensity [y. . .I_k...r '::: ( X ) "2- A
I ""f f\; ~
What is lx
1
? · ·.. · . _ c·2ovr'fl'Y"I' ·
. y . · - ·y~··
-· )

.A 2 B 4 C 16 . D 256 -::::.1 b ws.[f)

7· Which statement correctly relates the intensity of a sound wave to the vibrations ot'the molecules?
A intensity a. amplitude

8 intensity a. (amplitude)?
C intensity a. displacement
D intensity a. (displacement) 2

r]
8. Fig. 2.1 shows the variation with distance x along a wave of its displacement data particular
time.

T '' r
I
-~,

-
---

'
'

. '' ' '

I
'
' '
'' I
' I I

,.
1,._

~-.

'
0 . .,
I

0.2 0.4 0.8 1.0 I

1.2
/m

Fig.2.1

The wave is a progressive wave having a speed of 330m s-1.

(a) (i) Use Fig. 2.1 to determine the wavelength of tt)e wave.

wavelength
o-GO . · m
= ...................................
(ii). Hence calculate the frequency of the .wave.
. p \. . .CJ ..J
\j::. ~ 1\ 7 )==;;
:: }$0
o·6c
::: s~o He
frequency = ..... $.'5.'.0...:................. Hz
. . •. . [3]

(b) A second wave has the same frequency and speed as the wave shown in Fig:2.1· but
has double the intensity. The phase difference between the two waves is 180°.

On the axes of Fig. 2.1; sketch a graph· to show the variation with distance ~ of the ' .
. displacementdof this second wave. · · · . . [2] ·.

¢:: «Boo '}..: O·bO""

¢:::. ,r-. 5~~
}\
,&0 ::. ~6o .X:
o·oO
"1:. ::. (). ~0 Y'\'1
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o~s m - 3JC:~ s.s
,s ~s.
brw Co rtf~ ,,o~f'lq r'Xl rh·c)r..c
r),'c;
0_!1 f-wo wo.ves WD\flrf..)be ISS~
'1 e () ·~ ~ \1'111 •
14
 9·
(a} Fig. 4.1 shows the variation with time t of the displacement x of one point in a
progressive wave.

Fig. 4.1

Fig. 4.2 shows the variation with distance d along the same wave ·of the displacement x.

Fig. 4.2

· (i) Use Figs. 4.1 and 4.2 to determine, for this wave,

1. the amplitude, ·· ·
. 2. the wavelength,
3. the frequency;

4. the speed.

(ii) On Fig. 4.2, draw a second wave having the same amplitude but half the frequency
as that si1own. [1] '
fO·
Sound wave X has intensity 1012 times greater than that of sound wave Y.

By how much is the amplitude of X greater than the amplitude of Y?

··A· 106 times

8 3.16 x 1 0~ times
c 5 x 10 11 times
:~\·

D ·tb12 times
/.

's--
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f/rocedtrtR ~!----..=====;=:...:.__:_:____,

Blow tJ.Jh;sHf 1h ~.-o.,~ of mH·

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r'e
eon, 1-e wQve 9~ ·H . -M;crop"'on~ ·. . of se~l,
- NoH?_- tfo~n the. +~:~r tSO ~--+-0

r,
rf pres 1 .te Hrw1 r _bq~ (-' w ' -f
"l
'(~u ( h . rv..~"Y'~ ~ t':!l<t I dI ~ l 0 (') h" ~ If (~
'\.!::}

<s~ fl-.' nj ( ~ Cn.S rh' v ,· f; · <plf ':t ·

rJt=>rio~ T -:: 7(1
f..f'cvckn(,r.J ~~ l_ -=:-l
T :>ClJ
Nr:Je : ;~ WC' VJeri> prvv~ ~~(1 w;7h 1h~ gr et=>N
b~ ~t>tlr] d h1 q; r we Cou ~1 1-,a 11{'
J el-rr-'""'h,ttl ~Q~rje115fh
"~ ~,\--
' _ V _ ..Y._ -;:: v :ru
& . " - ( - ( ,/';ttl ) u
The diagram shows a cathode-ray oscilloscope trace of a sound wave. The time-base is calibrated
at 2.0 ms cm- 1 •

...
t('M - 2 ·0Y'f'IS
-4rM- ~.('2-om>
fC l3 .0 ~f() 3s
. ~r~~ - T:: 8 ~()- "-!Oj~

~.t"e~y
(
)~j_
- T

'
-=<[,(io- 19
_,
::: (')_ s ~
-:: r2.SH2:·
(B)
What is the frequency of the sound wave?

•6·. :- sao Hz -
- A 6~.SHz ·- 8 125Hz C 250Hz
,, ·.··- .
t.l f ct ro N')O.~ef; ( ~') r c f- y u IN') :
V')

A 3"0lfp o) e I ertro~t1~rtftf<' wc,vf_s hGv{'1tj

ef 1~(e,-f'd 'LV <M~!I')~J..> ~ hI'_~ C( .(2, ecr,ll fn Ct'f'~ ·
Pro.perh ~ Commm 0 an el-ecl-n.> h--)Gjnfttc WQ~S
., All r~vef 4\,YOUJh VO(UUV')J qt. 3'Xlt>~JMi" 1
~ An ~...-p f~11c;ver)r wqvf hfnre co.n bf ~ 6 ?c.nst'tl
+ . 4t~J fyS -~ . r/t(ft'Qr Ron ) ;n te, ~r_llf, r~) _
~ c~ 11 ~ve~l~tted ,.~. ·..fJrq(~ · ·.
~ S~ow rt-oae.- k e~ t>~ po.tl-rclt"S
~ c,;,"7<;(~f e5 -elt=>r.f-.-,·r f( Vv'lq]h~frr ~;efdr
f etre py~ re()1v(' ~w~ ~~I'") ( p fr<n~fer en rrCJ'I
if N'b f- of(erf er! b~ e{Pcfq'C f{ m 9~1'1?f,"r £e)d, .
or q h1 ~ud fO D wo. vf?ery ~~ o~ c(nr; ~! r~J;orf:o"

N'ot ~
-
-==) roLl Ht:-
<tff
s::::) . '0 t\ 2. •
 .{_ The diagram illustrates part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

high low
&_s ® -
-
frequencies frequencie~s__ A~ ~er :
. ~e··--c:;~--~----- ---
~'""'Vf~yenc r' t<> ; ~
. Which labels are c:;orrect for the regions marked 1 and 2?

1 2
I·. i} ,<t ~v\ 115~t l IR }~ 1 f<qd;o '
'\htH~~
·,

A infrared·. X-rays·.

8 microwaves X-rays

c ultraviolet microwaves

D X-rays infrared
2. An electromagnetic wave· has a frequency of 10 Hz~
8

A infra-red

8 radio

C ultraviolet

D visible
3- What is the approximate range of frequencies of infra-red radiation?
9
A 1 x 103 Hz to 1 X 10 Hz ·...·_.

11
8 1 x 109 Hz · to · 1 x 10 Hz
11
C 1 X 10 Hz
17
D 1x1014 Hz to 1x10 Hz
~· What do not travel at the speed of light in a vacuum?
.. 'O'Jl'-f rtec~ro" ~
A· .: electr.ons
tl() ~ \ 'o;? ~'"'a
8 microwaves
to ·-spec t ru~ .
<:'Yl"
C radio waves other ~ +Yn vet t:tf-
D X-rays .·. ·1K~ oSW\§ 1thr\)u~ 'h
b. . V(UU.,...., •
The number of wavelengths of visible light in one metre is of the order of Kj A .. · .... 7
A 104 • B 10'. c 10'. D 10 10
• I ()V::. s ·{ XI 0 '""
~ -7
~·~ '>(ro ~--
ln, - - -
 G. The spectrum of electromagnetic waves is divided into a number of regions such as radio
waves, visible light and gamma radiation.

_{~L Sta_te three distinct features of waves that are common to all regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum. -·------·
(b) A typical wavelength of visible light is 495 nm. Calculate the number of wavelengths of
this light in a wave of length 1.00 m.
(c) State a typical wavelength for

(i) x~rays, .
. .

(ii) . infra-red radiation.

An tmvrf thru~jh v~cuuM qt 3x'lO~~s'

,.ttl Qr{> h-ttnsve..se .\ cqn po/c,r t~c.
€-xh;h~ w~vf> ~h\"orrfr.on 9\Jch q~
Ult~r~ttY)(f r ve )l~cf~(O'C)r ___ .
.\ := ~q) nM ;:. 4 C)~ tr t>- <j~

.. t,~~xnr~rtl ---== '~

t~ .::: _l_ -C,

(C)
~ _, 4~Vff\> m
=e. o« 106'\'Y').
~ -- s
\'1-)
tO M
c· ')( _.,.q~
.o -~

- 7·
.
(1t
. ' .··,AIR- to V'l-1

Which of the following summarises the change in wave characteristics on going from infra-red to
-ultraviolet in the electromagnetic spectrum?
M~©
frequency speed
(in a vacuum)
g in(
~'f"l 9pt"t"d \11 Vq CUL\ M
A decreases decreases 5.\ll_~( th(" ~~l"r')t •
.. : ·.. ·
s,- . decreas·es :remains constant

c/
increases remains constant
D increases .. · incre.ases
W o. ve 1J heh o (')! frJol'l
(2r(tecfion (flo d~..ec+ Q7() e:rprctr~)
·---~·~·· vvhrn 0. WC\ve c;f-vi((fS .. - - - - - - ' -
Ct bour)d y-':1 i + b0 lttf ( et ~( ~ 0 n
thf sqYY)f g;d e Qt tl,e ~qM r qt~~ r ·
"illic; bo4\'1CI'~ bqck of the LA>C\~
i'<; c.Giled re{rrrh'o'11ftc:f o~ ~~f-trh'on ..
fr-~lk€n c~ ~ f-crys ~oM P
wc,ve{rn)th I/
~perd #
Dirfch'o,-., c~ t17F~
v'f> (oct·~ c\,q~s
t-o C~tJ]itJCr ~!t:, ~~1-,oLt)-h (d4r
__________M_l7_}_j_.,_I·~_Ll_df___:1~'e ~peru ;c; ~<:rf1r" •
l~i' ~y-C. rf-j 0 n (no drrt"'d Q')5 expeC~("c.l) lSol(ticlYlj
wnen o
r.,ovl? '-\>C.\R IP(S qe'?!r c/((')~ft' ~{.-c:deJ .
f I f wqv(? ·
::_p-o IN'I OY)f vnr t:I""VY'\ -l-o q Y")O Hler
w r' f), .J;(~e.etr1 clen s;~~, ;~~ S(>efN
chc,Y"\je~, qs q t"P5uH it bends. ::.
( t~wq, ~ <r' C\ w q(J_, ~co""" .'1-..,f t')'(Y~~) .
.
Th1c; bencll'1~ o) wqve clt-\f ~o ·
chc.nse ~eeecl (~ wQ~e.,~~~)
{n
rs c~ €>~ tf ~(C. ( h"on
r ~fed v Sif PrQdion
Y• cr ~lrt"'t
i,.., WQ~
rP)_v. r, ( .s~q(\s c;~VY1~
0
l{)qvP7r.,5tn Ae r~c;t=·}
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vfl~c"tl) . ..C~I)l}t'. .lrn .. ~nifu~e clec~~~ · .Ji:r 'tYlorl'.
J_.:.__:_:to~~vd~ n~~o.P) · /. .
____.,......;_.,......;_..;..__..:.______..:.__·.:__
Po?o. Yt·.sq hon
.
co.-,vers~on 0( on '-'"'polc;f,'s~d ~q~ 'ro
o, pt>I D, t;c.Fri (A)C\ vf ·
\'Y'l~?o,..-t-{rrt wC\v-f ,·~ thf J?Cirti'c7fs vibrq~(
ort'in\Oh\ch
'h1 VYloYe _,.h~ n C5"'nf' n6Ymc, l J r,- echot') "\"o the din?ction
0~ .n,o-J-ron w~ve. ) .
Yo7c,risrrt i~ the> Ot'){."" t'l ~,;ch r~rti:te5 .-:
WCtvf
v,'py-qte o1'1)lJ, lt1 d~f(d{on "'()(~' .}o thF cJ,y eche>n
~~ WX>h:on o' t'n~rj~ ·
J.4 rs on"\~ poss;f.,1r' ~OY f-rqn~ve.t-se wq.v£'S • As ;n \"n7;{4tlf,q'-
t.t~q':tes SlArl, "<~ ~V ,,; . ~ir\r(' .'Lgo"'~ v,"bro.te- ,c.., ~ ch,-t?c-J-ion
 n~t'rr"1Ct) to t\f di<ern.on oS
o§ fY'Iof-C:on. wqvf· l?qrf-rclf~
vt-b..--qtf t:n thf ~~f cli..--ec~;on Q~ 15 -the dlrfCh'on of
JV1btLon 0 ~ WC\ ve .
:~ ---wave~ ( h--c.ns . .~t~e~r.Ct-n--~-~e ,~Jc;-r::-t-1-e-el---b(j - e?o,c~
C\ S?tl- ;n iht' ~th o! the w~ \It ·

frOW'I q ve~ h~rc...P

s lt l «M ve(~j(,J
vvb rq tlon~ ~n
pll~('
 Dif{...-cd·lon i'S rr!D~t nur\Cf<?4blr wl'"'\en wr"t)th oq _jqv;6eerlllrf
;s tuMpc;r-~b7t> to tl,P wo.ve'7e.,yt~ ·

_HJ"'f~rfecente _ _____ -
wh ('1'1 two ""~ver. of the ~qrt1e ~re frqv&£h_j
thro~jh the SSn-Je ("(")edtl.t'""'1 in thf ~qrY)f ~\rectfon-' ("(}(~4
t\le'J o.Y"f gq icl tc ~ntufe(e. A ,., Pw vJovf ;s j~" e...-q f-ed ~
h4vv'). _gn-,qne..- qyr,r1i~4d(". (,·~ w~_vf~: ar-E' ~t 0~ fh7~~)
t5Y· ~vL~ '?ctrrr qrnph~~e · ( ~~ L-Jo.ves o.re \(") yh9se.)

'-1"'""-/'.
!'! I \
r11.1 • ,
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;,·
1
IV/
I
.-
fJ.,_
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I

.. . . fJbt>v{>. l'rl~("Y;~e~fncf' IS .·. e.x~n1r.1e·o~ :

(\r")

Cons~rt.CHvf ;r1terrertnce. Jn thr~ (b,~( crfc;ts o~ wo.vt' c...-...-t·ve

~t tl,e ~ ~vY).~ +ime .. i(r~u Htr,q wC\ve he.~ o. lll'jff" Otf'Yl\') '; h~c\f ·
'1'1~~ q f"(~ tn ~ pl17Sf , 1 • •

,.,
I '

I I . \
I 1I
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I • \ I

1 . . .I
\ . ,,
A\'l\ • II'
1. -.\_I
I )
 1 A sound wave of frequency 150Hz travels in water at a speed of 1500 m s-1." It then travels
through the surface of the water and into air, where its speed is 300m s-1 .

Whith line in the table give$ the correct values for the wavelengths of the sound in water and in
.air? · ·· · · ·
ttl ~e, -~~.·~-~"7r·;--tj.""bof'~-o~toM--- _:-
wavelength in wavelength in
water/m air/m 9ir" ~ =. v(~ = ~00/r (o = '2""'
A 0.10 0.10 ~(0
.. ~~4e.-· ==· ~q,~.- - . ,~. o f~t..
'•

..
B 0.10 0.50
c 10 2.0
D 10 50 -

c. In which situation does diffraction occur?

A A wave bounces back from a surface.

B A wa_ve passes from one m~dium into another.

c A wave passes through an aperture.

D Waves from two identical sources are superposed.

3· Which of th~ following applies to a progress_ive transverse wave?.

. ·(] P.:·o<\yfSSjue w()\1{> ~'lS~~v.S
transfers energy can be polarised fne'rl:J'j . t y-q~~l'\~ VlOvf
(t,(1 Y>e ro7~ ~'tSed .
A nq . no
g. no
.ftNS @
yes
c yes no
D yes yes
.. (

4 · Continuous water waves are diffracted through a gap in a barrier in a ripple tank.
Which change will cause the diffraction of the waves to increase? ~ No("fouJeY -\he 8qP
A increasing the frequency of the waves s. . ~~er· the d;ffr£\ cb.t>n
B increasing the width of the gap ,eN~@
C reducing the wavelength of t_he waves
·o ·reducing the width of the gap·· .. ~ .

S· Which of the following'types ofwav~ ean be polarised?

. [1 'Un\'j :\v-~'1S ver~e wo,v@
A
------~---· c~--~--t ~
a longitudinal progressive wave ...., • ' 0\.. l u
10
L
(.)J, '(l( cL bu't
7

S'ot-tr-,d ~ ~Dt tron<.vet<)P

·B a longitudinal stationary wave. M..~ @
C a transverse stationary wave

D a transverse ·sound wave . . ..

6. Which phenomenon is .associate~ with transverse wa~es but not longit~dlnal waves?
-- --- . · · · . - .. ·. ~ · PC>');v(~ot--;on ;s o...,\~ _
A polansation qr;~ i qt~cl ·-:-·h) ; th 1rq l')~~v ~e
8 reflection ~\/9( .
C refraction

D superpositi~n
-~4-
 7· Polarisation is a phenomenon associated with a certain type of wave.
Which condition must be fulfilled if a wave is to be polarised?

-- u----~A--H-must- be a li§f:lt-wal~leh-.- - - <

8 < It must be a longitudinal wave.

c It must be a radio wave.

D It must be a transverse wave.

@ 1{'"\qt 9Dttm wC>W ~
: ~ • Which< obser¥atlon indicates that sound waves a.re longitt.~dinal?
(Av, rd-.· be pol~' t:srct
<

A Sound can
. be reflected
. from a solid surface.
. . '

B Sound cannot be polarised.

c Sound is diffracted around comers.
D So<und is refracted as it passes from hot air to cold air. @1 9oun~ trqverr flf1
Cf. Which of the following is a longitudinal wav.e? fhr\)uf""' -thr Q; w
r~ Q fon1;furtin~f
A a light wave travelling through air
wo.\1(> •
8. ~ radio wave from a brqadcasting station

c a rippl<e on the suiiace of water

D a sound wave travelling through air

~ !0
(a) Figs. 7.1 (a) and {b) show plane wavefronts approaching a narrow gap and a wide gap
. <. respectively. · < ". < < <

......
' .' ' '"''
...<•
<I. .'" t .
< < '
f
r
'1,
,, ' l' r'
-,.. .....
\
, '
\
1
-
l' ,'• '
\

'' '' '

f
~
)
I '
I I
,
1
,
-:.'"·. I J
'
' 1 t

1/
;,;,
/
/ ' I r
I
,-' " ,' ~
,.,
)

..-< _,/

(a) (b)
Fig. 7.1

On Figs. i 1(a} and (b); draw three ~ucc"essi~e "~vavefronts to represenUhe wave after it
has passed through each of the gaps. · [5]
So' ttt;-a" ('-tP cl;f,r<t(l.f-e ~ \)Jq_ve~rt>"ts) a. Y€ ~h~w-n
w ;th d~++ect hn~s Jf""\ o.b ovf d;4j rQ~ •
2-S"
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~~q~~~·d,.Jf~~~~~~~i·fy ~~f~Y~t~~;~7;~ ·
w C. ve'l. f'1 J-It, · L.'q h ~ f.-o o'l-l ~ ll>"l t>Y bu Ih 1'S • ·· •
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£ve f'l 1S fhfS' h]h1 o.,+ ~ n ~ t't1 s1-G n f- ;> ~he tt ,-t ) t h e,.,
~-Pll be tlOt~Coht'rl'/1 c+ . ~Ylother m~knt ·
pq th ~~,{~e..fflt P
,_ o;~~((" 0~ dis\-qn( f ()~ 0
+~o \))o.~s ~•vM +he sotrrcf~.
ir (P'th Ji({rr&; f o\ A= S2A - S, A i
rond';~lori Yor- Col1c;l-n~cHtR fnfe(~~rr I
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• •
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9:o~rct:t !:
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diiTr.lclcd linht
from slit 8.,
 . .

~f' <;fpc, r-~-1-io" =.wo.v(''len ~-fl, 1( <)('('(n ~mq<"!(('

Slit 9ff~qh'on

("-- =~=DL
1'__1_-r=--
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D; c);<; lcrnc e Jrw dott b\ r- ~); l ~ ~crt' en
'[P <;c~fn tlt'~ rq 11ffl ( Q h'l ttfrl Or 9tl) ·
.
[octors · ofkrh13. ~',.,3<" qepec,.-ence (J(pc;r~hon _f; brcJht~)
CD wcve~cfl5 ~\, >.r o. · -• pYo(J6"'lton..O n ··
rd.n~e 9ernhon f~ uit-~\cr to u>~ver('i)th
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D4 f' h -1) •'9 hl" r f...-ef. .encM ~ in h.· nS; t'j 1-,rtJht
b)'L)h,+e y •
fyt.-, f1 bfc ot<-("

CD ,J f iY"~$ +C'I:\d o\ ""0•10 A~ n>..-nG fyc \,1\,t h] hi ;~ , w hif-e

o~f~., +~rn (f1'1M 1 ~L,.,~ ;-~ · · wh,'~e' • u>he . . ,. , q~
<)" ( ffhr...- 9tdf f\,~,(' ,') 0 dGrk f""t'"'~P· o4hec bn9ht
r~0,5e~ Qrf Cv\ oulfrt ·
__ · 8.Wo-: S'b'-!rce in~e,ferl'n ((> p9tf:t"a'> us·"(} mfcrow<\vt'S
The diagram shows a.n experiment which has been set up to demonstrate two-source interference, ·
using microwaves of wavelength il.. · ·

"'•
I
I

CJ( -----~~-~-- ------------------------------------------J() J[J

microwave
52
~· microwave
transmitter ·metal plate ·· . · .. detector .
with two slits

The detector is moved from () in the direction of the arrow. The signal detected decreases unttl the
detector reaches the point X, and then starts to increase again as the detector moves beyond X.

Which equation correctly determines the position of X?

A C>X=.:V2 8 C>X=A. C S2 X-S 1X=AI2 D S2 X-S 1 X=A.

~L: At 'o' -thfye ;c; a ~:r;""q ( Con~h·utf"\~ \C"')tere~erl'r")te)

A+- x thrtf '> a, M)n lff'Ci Cdt'(fru ch·ve r'nre,-~.-ente)
..·. pqf}, c(;~ferenrf t>~ X JroP~ yj,·ts ~, ~ S'1 ::(ntl)~
\I'J, erf 11 ::: o . .·. tJQ lh d;(:t :: (o +J2.\.A. -;:. " 2-
9,x - s1 x -=: D• .,_
1t'
 ·1 A teacher sets up the apparatus shown to demonstrate a two-slit interference pattern on the
screen.

double screen
single
----------. sJit---- slit
---+-j..;.·~·.­
Q
1--:;;:)... f"""
source
of light I v
A. e+ ..
. 1 un thQ'1~~
p
(?. 9;J.. ..
r ~o
'1'1'
Which changE! to the apparatus will increase the fringe spacing? .:. f\NS@
A decreasing.the distance p
:'
C· r-J,
B ,. ·decreasing the distance q 0. ~ J,
C decreasing the distance r
£D decr~~sing the wavelength of the light
A doub!e-:-slit interference e~perim~nt is set up as shown. ·. -t~Ar>.
-~ Q.· .
4Kf0 . . =AD.
. Q '
I- )\ r>/
*
"f. - -Q . .
red .1-.....
. /- >.( "2 r)). .
. light .
source
. 'h<\
_ 4 >-.p
single double screen - o; ...7 )
slit slit :: lJ ( t....~lb~ ~
. · . . not to scale . -::: .r( 'ffb """'

Fring~s are formed .on the screen. The distance:betwe~~-·successiv~ hright fring~~ is. fo:d rt~ :
01
f\W(®
4mm.
·..
Two changes are then made to the experimental arrangement. The double slit is replaced by
another double slit which has half the spacing. The screen is moved so that its distance from the
..' double slit is twice as great.
. - . . .
What is now the distance between successive bright fringes? ·

, A
)
1mm 8 4mm. C 8mm . .
D 16mm
Monochromatic light illuminates two narrow parallel slits. The interference pattern which res1:Jits is
observed on a screen some distance beyond the slits. "f::::. }:J2_
\ q
Which change increases the separation between the dark lines of the interference pattern? A·
A- D.J, '$ J. ?< r ~ 1)
A decreasing the distance between the screen and the slits
..' .B .Q'i' t.J, -1.. ~ o( ltq
B increasi.ng tne
. .
distance
. .
between
. .
the slits.... :·...
.
..· ·'.. c .. ~ t · I\~ ~ ·r ..J,. .c ~ o{ ~ r, ro<~
C using monochromatic light of higher frequency o. :>-...1' :rtt/ --ro(>-.. ~
D using monochromatic light of longer-wavelength ~N<;@
 Cf/' In an interference experiment, two slits are illuminated with white light.

____witeJjgbL~~--~~~-,. ~
source 0 ·----~-- ~·-~~------- .

· slits screen
. .

What is seeri ort the screen? ~:·_._

·-.
A The central fringe is black with black and white fringes on each side.

B The central fringe is black with coloured fringes on eaqh side.

C The central fringe is white with black and white fringes on each side.

s- D The central fringe is white with coloured fringes on each side.

A two-slit arrangement is set up to produce interference fringes on a screen. The fringes are too .
close·~~ge~her for .convenient observation when e~. ~onochromatic; sourGe o( violet light is used. ·
. . . . . . . .. . .. . ·. . .. . .. . ; . .
.In which way would it b~ possit)le to increas·e the ·sep~r~tioh of the fringes? · ~· =..-1-Q
q
A Decrease the distance betwe~.n the screen and the slits. A· 0~
B Increase· the distance between the two slits. g. Q 1'
C Increase the width of each slit. ~~ ( • w ;dth'f' "f.. ~.., r X'

- 6., '0 · Use a monochromatic source ofred light.

· '··· ~ ·. ·
· · v~ Ral. · >vr
.P .· · ·. 1.. 1· ·· :t: p{ ,A
Fringes of separation yare observed on a screen 1.00 m from a Young's slit arrangement that is
illuminated by yellow light of wavelength 600 nm.

At which distance from the slits would fringes of the same separation y be observed when using
blue light of wavelength 400nm? · · ·

A 0.33m B 0.67m C 0.75m . ~ 1.50m .

T Light ~f wavelength 700 nm ~s incident on a pai~ of slits, f~rmin~ fring~s 3.0 mm apart on. a screen. -
What. is the fring·e spacing when light of wav~length 350 nm is used and the slit separation is
doubled?

·A 075mm c ·3.0mm 0 · 6.0mm · ·.

 ~ (a) State three conditions that must be satisfied in order that two waves may interfere.

1. ..lw.o:~.:WCl~S:~~s.bwll-.~:he;;·;:.~~.;.:fhr. .... ~m.f ..fQ(?.~ ............................. .

~-~~-~ ·-----·-~i_b2Y..ld.... r.:.t~.~:L ....9J ....9.....p.~Ja.l ................ ····~····~~~=:~~~~~~-~·.:.:.:::::::··----:·~~--~--~~-
3. ... sh~.~.ld.J~Y.f....~.~~.d. ... f.h1~.~ ....g . .~.~~--~~~ . i~. ~~:).~-~0t ......... [3J .-

(b) The apparatus illustrated in Fig. 4.1 is used to demonstrate two-source interference
using light.

I
light,
wavelength."""/t-=-·----J,..~ [~~]a
I
double
.•· slit
screen

Fig. 4.1 (not to scale)

. The separation of the two slits in the double slit arrangement is a and the interference
fringes are viewed on a screen at a distance D from the double slit. When light of
wavelength It is incident on the double slit, the separation of the bright fringes on the
screen is x.

(i) 1. Suggest a suitable value for the separation a of the slits in the double slit.
<t ::: \ rt1 Y'l1
··························································································································.
2. Write down an expression relating It, a, D and x.
..
{ii) Describe the effect, if any, on the separation and on the maximum brightness of the
fringes when the foll()~~n_!:! c~~nl!~~!~!_~~rnade.

1. The distance 0 is increased to 20, keeping a and It constant.

separation: ..... 3.:.:~~.Sf5.. ...~1t:'J... .'T..... ~ .. 'J:!..:....................................... ..

· .
max1mum bn~htness
~~rrMsrs
: ·. .·. ........... ~- ~
.· ·(~o ·httl-l) · · · . .·. ·
.... ...................... (-.: .......... ,.................. ,.....,. ......... ,.
. .
· 2~ ·The. wavelength It is increased t~ 1~5A., keeping a and D constant.

LaM5.r...~... 1....~.... 1:S..X. ...:...........................................

separation: ......

maximum brightness: ... rl~.C~~91.. .-...............................................................

3. The intensity of the light incident on the double slit is increased, keeping A., a
and D constant.

separation: ...............3~J. ... -Jbr.....9.sd....................................................... .

"
maximum brightness: ..t-D.(~9.S.~.= ................................................................ ·•
[7]
0, (a) Fig. 5.1 shows the variation with time t of the displacement y of a wave Was it passes a
point P. The wave has intensity /.

I I I I I
:I I

~ 1- ~ I I ! I

I I I

'I
I I I , t

0
t

waveW

;.
Fig. 5.1

A second wave X of the same frequency as wave W also passes point P.

This wave has intensity~ /.The phase difference between the two waves is 60°.·
On Fig. 5.1, sketch the variation with time t of the displacement y of wave X. [3)

(b) In a double-slit interference experiment using light of wavelength 540 nm, the separation
cifthe slits is 0.700mm~ The fringes are viewed on a screen at a distance of 2;75m from
.. the double slit, as illustrated in Fig. 5.2 (not to scale). . .

coherent light
I
wavelength 540 nm L::::J0.700 mm

-~ screen·
l.

2.75m
Calculate the separation of the fringes observed on the screen. ( ~ ,------ ~--·-·---
-- - ----- -- ----- ·---

(c) State the effect, if any, on the appearance of the fringes observed on the screen when.
the following changes are made, separately, to the double-slit arrangement in (b).

JiL_IQe width of each slit is increased but the separation· remains constant. (J)
(ii) The separation of the slits is increased. ( 2)
 \0 Fig. 6.1 shows wavefronts incident on, and emerging from, a double slit arrangement.

----------------

)
0 ----------------·X

)
.. ':

Fig.6.1

The wavefronts represent succes~ive crests c;>f the w,a:ve. The line OX shows one direction _
along which-constructive interference may be observed. - · · ··

(a) State the principle of superposition.

. --- .. :. . . . . .... -_ (s)
- . -

.(b)-
.
On
.
·Fig. .6.1, draw
. fines . to. $hOW I
--·--·-----<

(i) a second direction along which constructive interference may be observed (label 1

this line CC),

(ii) a direction along which destructive interference may be observed (label this line
DD}. · {'1)
·~·

-- --·-----~
tl Light of wavelength 650 nm is incident normally on a double slit arra~gement.. The
interference fringes formed are viewed on a screen placed parallel to and 1.2 m from the
plane of the double slit, as shown in Fig. 6.2.

screen

light of
II t
Wavelength 650 nm · __ _ j_ a

I
1.2m
not to scale
Fig.6.2

The fringe separation is 0.70mm.

(i) Calculate the separation a of the slits. ( 'J')

(ii) The width· of both slits is increased without changing their separation a. State the
- __________ effect,Jlany,JbatJI]is_change has on

1. the separation of the fringes,

• 0 •• 0 ••••••••• 0 •• •••.••• : ..... 0 •••••• : ............. 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : • •••• -~·'!'· ..... --~ .... ~ ... ;, ... · '· 0. 0. 0 ••••• ~ ••• : •· . . . . . -~. ~· ~ ~
.. : •• •• 0 •••

2. the brightness of the light fringes,

... ........................................ ......................................................................................... .

• · ~-··

3. the brightness of the dark fringes.

[3]
 Fig. 5.1 shows the variation with time t of the displacements xA and x 8 at a point P of two
sound waves A and B.

--wav~A-
~.,_._

-·-·· . ...
I

3 ' I

- 4 cm
I I

I
-
2 '
I

1
I

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 tl ms
I
-1

-2
I
-3 '

..
;
!:• I

' waveS
2 ' '
4 'I
· cm
•,
1
'
'
0 ' 17 ' ' I

1 2 3 4 5 6 : t/m s
0
I
-1 I
I
'

-2 I

'

Fig. 5.1
.·
(a) By reference to Fig. 5.1, state one similarity and one difference between these two
waves. · · · · · · (1-J

similarity:
.. .
.............................................
. : . .
·.............................................................................
. •. ·. . . . . . . . ' ..
, '·

difference: .................. ~ ...............................................~........................~ ............ ~.-..... ;·;,~ .. [2]

(b) State, with a reason, whether the two waves are coherent. ( f)'
;;--···:-·-
{c) The intensity of wave A alone at point P is I.

(i) Show that the intensity of wave B alone at point P is %I. ( 2.'
(ii) Calculate the resultant intensity, in terms of I, of the two waves at point P. . (_'])

(d) . Determine the resultant displacement for the two waves at point P

{i) at time t = 3.0 ms,

(ii) _ at time t= 4.0 ms.

38'·
 The variation with time tot the displacement xof a point in a transverse wave T1 is shown in
Fig. 5.1.

X
• I '

' A '

0 2 3 4 5 6
ts

-A

Fig. 5.1

(a) By reference to displacement and direction of travel of wave energy, explain what is
meant by a transvers<! wave.
.~ .

.................................................................................................................................: .... [1]

(b) A second transverse wave T2 , of amplitude A has the same waveform as wave T 1 but
lags behind T 1 by a phase angle of sao, The two waves T 1 and T2 pass through the
same point. ·

(i) On fig. 5.1, draw the variation with time

~~ . '• .
t of the .displacement
•'
x of. the point in
~

(ii) Explain what is meant by the principle of superposition of two waves .

...... ............. .. ..... ..........................................····· .. ·······························........................

~

............... ;................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) For the timet= 1.0s, use Fig. 5.1 to determine, in terms of A,

1. ~he displacement due to wave T 1 alone,

displacement= ..... ~ ................ ~·····--·······--.-·~·

2. t~e dispra~eme!lt due t6waveT2 alone,

displacement =.......................................... .

3. the resultant displacement due to both waves.

displacement = ......................................... ..
[3]
 •

2 rtt otc~l er

.. [~t o(Ae ( cf;{ftqc~ _

. beQ~iir1<l5 ~,.._q x,.,.~

2e(o ortlerjun~ ~v,·o.bJ!

(\ Ort"JQ 1.

rc;~order

..oth 01c} e{
cl'rtrQcfed ~o~ •
;\ VY10riOCht1>Nlqh"C l~·~\nf i~ tnCt'rlent 06Ytn~ on
.itf J,{f ..-
c, ( 1-io n t <: K n · ie "\he.f' iS n ~ rq~h ~.{fM.-, Ct' ·
· · · , · · · dsin e- -:: n X · ·._ _- · •· . ·_. · - ·- . . ..
vJ hr.r d ; \inf' ~f'~Ci~. o9 J.f(, <: (~b., 3rc;~irlj
n ; or-der o~ d,·l-h·QC~rcl br<ttv") ·
)I; ~·w('?e.njth 6f
inct-d.erd ?,)\-,f
9; . · Ar"'t~\e of J,\fy(\cte~ bfc,M wi1h nt>r'l"')c,1.
N3 no· o~ H11~ pe • YY)ete..- ·
.rd==~l.t N-=i
-:= . . .

~t' S Ln&::: t"',\

d
~1' Sl n e 1" 91'
t11' ~l'ne 1" 81f
dJJ' ~in9 ~ &4t
 ;, .

1 Monochromatic light is incident on a diffraction grating and a diffraction pattern is observed.

Which line of the table gives the effect of replacing the grating with one that has more lines per
~~- ----metre'2 ____ ----------·-- ._____ n J'<J-t-d ~ ----- _ ~-------
.
number of orders of angle between first and h- d sine-
diffraction visible second orders of diffraction - A
decreases decreases
clt nJ, Aov~
Si.ne~ ~
A .
'{

8 ·decreases .. increases . '. d . . .

c increases decrease·s · d.r, - .<3((1{)-1' ·e 1' t).cLS
D increases increases . 6~1'@
2. The lines of a diffraction grating have a spacing of 1.6 x 1o..o m. A beam of light is incident
normally on the grating. The first order maximum makes an angle of 20 ° with the undeviated ®
beam. ds1n e -;. nA .t1ri.S
What is the wavelength of the incident light? . A = cl~~n~{_~ "'· ~ /.
)::: ~~10 _>(1'\L.~'
A 210nm 8 270nm C 420nm D 550nm ':: ,>·~ X'JQ. 7m r"
_,. · · · ·. = S-C'xw 7f,b9n~"'t:~~On~
3 Microwaves of wavelength 3.00 em are incident normally on a row of parallel me(ar ·roas. 'Tne Y
-separation of the rods is 8.00 em. The first order diffraction maximum·is·observed at an angle of
22.0° to the direction of the incident waves. ~gin l:) ~~)\ ~2
\?t10 ~iflfJ ~ 2 X?.'\lb
What is the angle between the first and second order diffraction maxima? & ::. l,~. G ~
A 22.0° B c 44.0° o 48.6° ;.
L\bl:: ~-e, ~ '8-~-~'21:0\);.2~~G~cv .
- ft A narrow beam of monochromatic light is inddent normally on a
diffraCtion grating. Third-order
diffracted beams are formed at angles of 45 o to the original direction. J ~ Sf" ~ n e,. ,A
3tr
What is the highest order of diffracted beam produced by this grating?-;h d~l't14~ ::.1~ -{!)
. n t1..Slt'flo\): n-" -(j)
A 3rd B 4th C 5th D 6th ~.;.(!) ~~itflO ·-;. b_X'

A diffraction grating is used-to measure the wavelength of monochromatic lighl}!~~~ ~ ;J(•@

S"' The spacing of the slits in the grating is 1.15 x 1o..o m. The angle between the 1rrst order-
diffraction maxima is 60.0°, as shown in the diagram .

. gr~ting

. monochromatic ;_·--'---to--f-K"
light

What is the wavelength of the light?

A 287nm 8 498nm C 575nm D 996nm

·-·
 b The interference patterns from a .cJiftractjon grating and a double slit-iJre compared .
. q>mt;> :::ry\ -x =- 1\D/q
Using the diffraction grating, yellow light of the first order is seen a( 30° to the normal to the
grating.
The-~same lignfpr~aucesTrlterference-ftln~es- on a screen 1.0 m from the double slit. The-slfr------~ •
nn--

separation is 500 times greater than the line spacing of the grating. 'J _ "t>
. . cf>tt"tf> ~ n,A - "Q~ ·..,
What is the fnnge separat1on on the screen?

A 2.5 X
7
10- m
cf 5(n '3t>0 ='v-- _,

.d :::A~J:-:1!\
·
J: ::: ,, "' 1 -·.
rood
·: :::: :~:: · ~lih-rr q~ ~~J~'·ol'spqc,.,9 · ~ sfo~ 2X . ~-5
C!{ wtfn d,·~ D:: I -o'"'"' - i\Jo 0 -., "
" o~ m
1
D 1.0x10- m ::.t. O""l '-
7 A parallel beam of white light is incident normally on a diffrection grating. It is n.oted that the
second-order and third-order spectra partially overlap. l dsr~Q~f"v\ -'~
. . . . '2l111. .· rf S(n 8- :::.2 ~ bebXtD
Which wavelength in the third-order spectrum appears at the same angle C!S the wavelength of .
600 nm in the second-order spectrum? 3td c\ Sin f) =s (\ . -~ " AN_~
. 'J~ ::.2 ~bt>O X'lb (;;\.
A 300nm B 400nm C 600nm - D 900nm . A::~ 00 ~ 10-1..,.... \!V
= ~fll nVY)
8 \ Light of wavelength 590 nm is incident at right angles to a diffraction grating having
5.80 x 105 lines per nietre, as illustrated in Fig. 4.3.

screen
grating
. first order image
..
incident light
~-....---'-!
wavelength 590 nm
L

·first order image

1.50m

Fig.4.3

A screen ·is placed parallel to and 1.50 m from the grating. Calculate

(i) the spacing, in Jlrn, of the lines o~ the grating,

(ii). the angle e to the original direction .of th~ .light at which the first order diffn1cted
image is seen,

(iii) the minimum length L of the screen so that both first order diffra~ted images _may'
be viewed at the same time on the screen. -- --( S)

d :: '/tJ := y ~-l1o X rff. ~ \·72 XH) M

6 ::: r·?7(}'""'
d~1n 9- ~ ""A ·· ' :· .- ~ (;
St'1G ~ ~/r{ := (jx (~DXJO o)/1·72.~10
Et? <3fn•'(t>·~tt3);- '20·f .
...
('Jv J len 2l) 1- lt~ L ~ I· o~ VYJ •
1'~0
 -----~·------------------------------------------------

9 __ ) Light from· a laser is directed normally at a diffraction grating, ~s- i~_l:l~t~at:~ _i~~~~.:_7.2_.
~ scale

Fig. 7.2

The diffraction grating is situated at the centre of a circular scale, marked in degrees.
The readings on the scale for the second order diffracted beams are 136° and 162o.
The wavelength of the laser fight is 630 nm.
1)

('1) Calculate the spacing of the slits of the diffraction grating. ( Lt)
••
LuJ u est one reason why the fringe pattern produced by light pas~ing through .a •
)
~ifi;2ction arqtino is briQhter than that produced from the same source wtth a double sht.6''1
• ID (a) Explain what is meant by the diffraction of a wave. ( 2)

(b) Light of wavelength ·590 nni is incident normally on a-diffraction gr~ting having 75.0 lines
per millimetre.· · · ·
The diffraction grating formula may be expressed in the form

dsinfJ = nA..

(i) Calculate the value of d, in metres, for this grating. _ ( "2:)

(ii) Determine the maximum value of .n for the light incident normally .on the grating. ('2)
1 ,,Ill ••••. -····.
(iii) Fig. 5.1 -~~?WS incident light that is not normal to the grating.

incident diffracted
.··light_·. . light-

.
.
·--·.

Fig. 5.1

Suggest why the diffraction grating formula, dsine = nil, should not be used in this ·
situation. · ( r) ·

(c) Light of wavelengths 590 nm and 595 nm is now incident normally on the grating. ,
Two lines are observed in the first order spectrum and two lines are observed in the
_s_econd.order spectrum, corresponding to the two wavelengths. , .. - :. . .- ..
./ ·state two differences between the first order-spectrum and the. second order spectrum('L~
I
q) . .· . . 1
 (a) In order that interference between waves from two sources may be observed, the waves
must be coherent.

Explain what is meant by ------;;:.

-----------·--- ---------~-----

(i)

(ii)
interference,

coherence.
,,,
(l)

(b) Red light of wavelength 644nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating having 550
lines per millimetre, as illustrated in Fig. 4.1.

diffraction· ..., . 1Sl Order, Waveie~gth A

gratinQ~ 1sr order, wavelength 644 nm

incident light

wavelengths 644 nm
and A

.. .
1st order, wavelength 644 nm
' · 1st order, wavelength A

Fig. 4.1

Red light of wavelength .A. is also incident normally on the grating. The first order· .
·. diffracted light of both wavelengths is illust~ated in:F~g. 4:1. ·. ·. · · · ·
(i) Calculate the number of orders of diffracted light of wavelength 644 nm that are
visible on each side of the zero order. (l.)
(ii) State and explain

1. whether A is greater or smaller than 644 nm, 0)

2. in which order of diffracted light there is the greatest separation of the two
wavelengths. · · {'l)

10
 s+ qfWY'\~Y~js!o.vvlirc] w<>,ve ·
.
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.
t:.
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. tl---A1 ('(; jt'r"Jer-C\1fd, h; thr ovfr?c,p 0 ~ i~rn h·cc& u:>~ve.r

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o Y glc, rflt n3 w q vR · ( id en+ic<#; 9:;,e ~~c~ 'a W<l vE>? e05fh)

plqre +o
9tJC h q ~ ~o ~ t1c:.J ·
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.J

~~n~;'13 wgtte i.n .)tY~rld (v;b.--G~itXJ)

when V,c,·drn~ (>6\l·J··,wqve) 1
r-or.e vJ ~ ove f?Q, / ~ ·-·- _, ' /
w1{h r<?)-2_ec1fcl r.J A / A .. , N A /
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l,..)Q ~ J Q 9-\<:t n J; ']7""' __ , , / / ,, J 'l- / /

wqve f> t~bje\"vecl . . /

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~~]~~~:r?.~~~:i( ~~~-~··~~2::~;!~~~1~t~~1f~J·---;
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resonance

- •• /
11rs1 pus111un /
of rest mane\!

water

microphone

oscilloscope

- - ·---- - - .. --- - . -~ _
.......
 c·

. '. ~f~

Ii A sound wave is set up in a long tube, closed at one end. The length of the tube is adjusted until
· · the'sound from the tube is loudest..

What is the nature of the sound wave in the tube?

. A longit~dinal and progressive

B longitudinal and stationary

c transverse arid progressive
. ·" . .
D transverse arid stationary

2. T is a microwave transmitter placed at a fixed distance from a flat reflecting su~ace S.

..~--------------·--~1 . . .·. ·.
. ·~ .. · . . · · . · ,.. · .. ···.·.

A small microwave receiver is moved steadily from T towards S anc;f r.eceives signals of alternate
maxima and minima of intensity. ~
., .

The di~tan~e between succe~sive maxima is 15 mm·.

What is the frequency of the microwaves?

A 1.0x107 Hz
8 2.0 X 107 Hz
C.·. 1~0 X 1010 Hz· ..

D 2.0 X 1010 Hz

4
 3 Which of the following may be used to produce stationary waves?

A blowing air over the top of an empty bottle ,..•

------~---_B_makiog_a_loud_s.ound nearg__rn_Quntain ... _
C passing monochromatic .light through a double slit .
0 passing water waves through a narrow slit
4 A stationary longitudinal wave is set up in a pipe.
-----------------
In the diagrams below, the .length of each arrow represents the amplitude of the motion of the air ·.
molecules,· and the arrow-head shows the direction of motion at a parti~ular i~~tant. · ·

Which diagram shows a stationary wave in which there are two nodes and two antinodes?

A B c 0
. '
•
t
+
t
~
t
• • t
" t l
t l •
~
t J
t J
t
J
t J

l l ~
-
~ l.

- The diagram represents a stationary wave on a stretched string.

>
X

---
What is represented by point P an<;f. by the .length x?

point P length x
A antinode one wavelength .
"

B antinode two wavelengths

c node one wavelength v
0 node two wavelengths
,I

b What may be used to produce stationary waves?

--A--blowing air over the top of an empty bottle

. B making a loud sound near a mountain

c · passing monochromatic light througi1 a double slit
0 passing water waves through t:i narrow slit
 7 _~h~~ap~~~presents a ~~a~ding wave at two different times~
displacement

c
, . distance along
.. _ ,
...
' ... - the wave

Whafdoes the distance XY represent? ·

A half the amplitude

B half the frequency

..•
c ha}f the period
,,,
D half the wavelength
..
t;Z i ;.:Th·~ .diagram represents a stationary wave on a stretched string.
~- .

X
------- --
c.
What, is represented by point P and by ~he .length x? . .
• 'W ..
.

pointP len_gth x

A antinode one wavelength

8 antinode two wavelengths
c node one wavelength
D node two wavelengths

~ Where, in a standing wave, do the vibrations of the medium occur? .

A only at the nodes

8 .. only at the antinodes .

.C .· at all poirifs between the nodes

.D at all points between the antinodes ·

--- . ---~---···--

{ 0 A stationary sound wave is set up along the line joining ~~·'vO loudspeakers.

Which measurement is ;::liflicient on its own to enable you to deduce the wavelength of the wave?

A the amplitude of the sound wave

8 the distance between the two loudspeakers

C · · th9 distance between two adjacent antinodes
D ·the frequency oflhe s~urld wave ..·
.{""r
tf A statio"nary sound wave has a series of nodes. The distance between the first and the sixth node
is 30.0cm.
----------------------- -·
..
What is the wavelength of the sound wave?

A 5.0cm B 6.0cm C 10.0cm D 12.0cm

12
Two progressive waves of frequency 300 r:tz are superimposed to produce a stationary wave in
_which .:tdjacent no9es are 1.5 m apart. ·.

· What is ·the speed· of the Rrogressive_ waves?

A 100ms-1 B 200ms-1 C 450ms- 1 D 900ms- 1

Light reflected from the surface of smooth water may be described as a polarised transverse
wave. ·

I 1 {a) By reference to the direction of propagation of energy, explain what is meant by

(i} a transverse wave,

•· (ii) polarisation.
(b) A glass tube, closed at one end, has fine dust sprinkled along its length. A sou.ricisource
is placed near the open end of the tube, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

dust heap

sound
source _]!!:!:·~--~-.. _-_,.,.,.,...,.__.::::-=-._...:.........._:::::..__
..cC'n>-!:t!· ..rr:m-.:::- --~~--....;..~.rrube
_...,..,._e::t..-
:!!::-- -

I
-I
I I

'~--------------------------~
39.0r.m

Fig. 5.1

The frequency of th~ ~ound emitted by the source is varied and, at one frequency, the ·
dust forms small heaps in the tube.

(i) Explain, by reference to ti•e properties of stationary waves, why the heaps of dust
are formed. ('3)
(ii) One frequency at which heaps are formed is 2.14 kHz.
The distance between six.heap_s,.:.as_shQWoln-..Eig. _S,:J, j$ 39.0 em.
Calculate the speedofsound in the tube. - ·
.. ' . . .· . ·-----·-·- -·---·----

(c) The wave in the tube is a stationary wave. Explain, by reference to the formation of a
stationary wave, what is meant by the speed calculated in (b)(ii). .(~J ·.

,.
 ~ ! l.t A tong tube, fitted with a tap, is filled with water. A tuning fork is sounded above the top of the
• tube as the water is allowed to run out oLthe-tuberas_showrl-in Fig. 6.1.
c.
tuning fork'
512Hz ""' ·
==-==::: c===:

32.4cm ·

Fig. 6.1 Fig. 6.2

A loud sound is first heard when the water level is as shown in Fig. 6.1, and ttl en again when
the water level is as shown in Rg. 6.2.

Fig. 6.1 illustrates the stationary wave produced in the tube.

(a) On Fig. 6.2,

(i) sketch the form of the stationary wave set up in the tube, (1]
(H) mark, with the letteir:N, the positions of any nodes of the stationary wave. [1] .

-- ·(b). The fr~~~en~y

of the fork is 512:H~:a~-d fhediff~ren~~in th~h~ight. bf the ~ater level for. ·
the two positions where a loud sound is heard-is-32-Acm. · · - ___ -:--- _

.____ Galculate_the speed of§QUn_g_in tl]~J_!J_Qe. _________ {"))

(c) The length of the column of air in the tube in Fig.6.1 is 15.7 em.

Suggest where the antinode of the stationary wave produced in the tube in Fig. 6.1 is
likely to be found. ( ~)

"
 Addendum to Waves & Superposition
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