Seminar 1

1. lim am n m  am 1n m1  ...  a1n  a0  am   , am  R *

n 

 am
b , mk
 k
m 1
m
a n  am 1n  ...  a1n  a0  am
2. lim m    ,m  k , am ,bk  R *
k
n  bk n  bk 1n k 1
 ...  b1n  b0  bk
 0, mk



0 , q   1,1

n 
1, q  1
3. lim q  
n   , q  1, 
  ,q    , 1


n 1 n
 1  1
4. lim 1    e cu generalizarea lim 1  xn  xn  e (şirul Euler en= 1   )
n  n n   n
xn  0

sin xn tgxn arc sin xn arctgxn

5. lim  lim  lim  lim 1
n  xn n  xn n  xn n  xn
xn  0 xn  0 xn  0 xn  0

a xn  1
6. lim  ln a,a  0
n  xn
xn  0

ln( 1  xn )
7. lim  1.
n  xn
xn  0

8. CRITERIUL COMPARAŢIEI (cleştelui)

Fie şirurile de numere reale  an  n 1 ,  bn  n 1 ,  cn  n 1 şi NN astfel încât an  bn  cn , nN şi

lim an = lim cn =u R , atunci lim bn =u.
n  n  n 
9. TEOREMA STOLZ- CESARO

Fie şirurile de numere reale  an  n 1 ,  bn  n 1 astfel încât:

1)  bn  n 1 este strict monoton şi nemărginit;

2) bn  0 ,n  1 ;

an 1  an
3)  lim u R ,
n  bn 1  bn

an
atunci lim există şi este egală cu u.
n  bn

10. CRITERIUL CAUCHY- D’ ALEMBERT

x
Fie şirul  xn  n 1 cu xn  0 ,n  1 , astfel încât există lim n 1 şi este egală cu a  R . Atunci şi şirul
n xn

n x are limită şi are loc relaţia lim n x = lim n 1 .

x
n n
n  n xn

11. Ordine de convergenţă

O(ln(n))<O(nk)<O(an)<O(n!)<O(nn) unde k>0 şi a>1.

1) Să se calculeze:
1) lim (-n2+3n+2); 2) lim (2n+3); 3) lim 5n 2  n n  6 ; 4) lim (-n3+100n2+2n-1);
n  n  n 
  n 

n  
3
 n  n 

5) lim  n n  n 2  n5  1 ; 6) lim n  n 4  2n n ; 7) lim n  n  n 3 n ;   
8) lim  n 2  n n 2  2  ; 9) lim  2n3  n5  n 2 n3  ; 10) lim 1  n 2  n3  n n 7 
3 3
n    n     n    
3 2 3 4 2 3n 1
11) lim (3n -3n +1); 12) lim (2-n ); 13) lim [(3- 3 )n +2n +1]; 14) lim (n- n +2); 15) lim ;
n  n  n  n  n  2 n 1

n 2  5 n 1 12  2 2 ....n 2
16) lim ; 17) lim ; 18) lim 2 n
; 19) lim  n ; 20) lim ( 2 n
); 21) lim (-sin 6 )n;
n  1 n 2 n  n 3 1 n  n 2  5 n  n  2 n 
n n n n n n n n
3n  25n 3 4 2 7 4 3 a 4
22) lim ; 23) lim ; 24) lim ; 25) lim ; 26) lim , (a>0);
n   4 n 1  2 n
n 1
n  4  5
n
n  2 n  5 n n  3 n  4 n n  3 n  7 n

a n bn 3 n  4 n
27) lim , (a, b>0); 28) lim ,(α, β(0, 1)); 29) lim ,(α>0);
n  a n 1  b n 1 n   2 n  3 n  1  n
1 3 5 .... ( 2 n 1) 1 4  25  ....n ( n  3)
30) lim ; 31) lim .
n  n 2  n 1 n  n 3 1
2) Să se calculeze:
a) lim ( 2n 2  n  1  3 n 3  n 2  9n ); b) lim ( 9n 2  6n  1  n 2  n  1 );
n  n 

c) lim ( n  2  n  1 ); d) lim ( n  3n  2  n 2  n  1 ); 2
n  n 

e) lim ( n  n 2  1  n  n 2  1 ); f) lim ( n  n  n  n );
n  n 

g) lim ( n  1  2 n  2  n  3 ); h) lim ( 3 n  3  3 n  1 );
n  n 

n 2  3n 1  n 2  5
i) lim ( 3 n  n  3  3 n  n  3 ); j) lim ( n 3  n
); k) lim ( 3 n 3  2n  n 2  n );
n  n  n 

l) lim n n ( n  1  n  1  2 n ); m) lim { n 2  2n }; n) lim { n 2  3n }.

n  n  n 

3) Să se determine a, bR astfel încât:

2
a) lim ( 2n n35n 1  an  b )=2; b) lim ( n 2
 a n  b )=0
n  n  n 3

c) lim n 2  n  4  (an  b) =1 d) lim 3

n 3  n 2  2n  7  (an  b) =4; e) lim (a+ bn
) 3 n =e2.
n  n  n  n 2 1
4) Să se calculeze:
n 2 1
2 n Cn3
a) lim ( nn12 )n-3; b) lim ( 33nn 91 )2n+7; c) lim ( n 2  n 1 ) ; d) lim ( n!n!1 ) 2 ; e) lim ( 22n 1 )
n
n 3
;
n  n  n  n  n 1 n  n 
n
3 2 3
1 14  25 ... n ( n  3)
1 e
) ; g) lim ( n 2  5 ) ln n ; h) lim ( 122233......nn )1
2  32  ...  (2n 1) 2
f) lim ( n ; i) lim ( n ) ;
n  n 3 n  n 2 n  n  n3
3 n 1 6 n
j) lim ( n  n 2 n 1
( 5 n  2n ) n 1 ; l) lim ( n 2  2n  3  n ) n 
n n
) ;k) lim n
; m) lim (1  ) ;
n  n n n  5 3 n  n  n2
2
n) lim (1  1
) n (1  1 ) 2 n 1 ; o) lim (cos a
) n 1  n ; p) lim (1  sin kn ) n
n  n 1 n n  n n 
1 1 1
n n a n b n c n
1
q) lim (1  ln ) ; r) lim ( ) n ; s) lim (2  e ) n . n
n  n 1 n  3 n 
5) Să se calculeze:
2n 2  3 2
a) lim 3n 1
sin 2n ; b) lim ntg n1 ; c) lim (3n 3  n  1) sin 12 tg n1 ; d) lim n 2 n1 sin 22 n ;
n  n 1 n  n  n n  n 1

e) lim (n  3) sin n ( n11) ; f) lim 4 arcsin 1n ; g) lim ntg 2 ; h) lim (3n  1) tg ( n 1)(n n  2)
2 n n 1
;
n  n  3 n  3 n 1 n 

i) lim n 2 sin 1 ; j) lim 3

n  tg 1 ; k) lim (n 2  1)arctg n11 ; l) lim (n  1) arcsin 1
n  1
n n n  n n  n  n 2 1

6) Să se calculeze:
1 1 1 1 1 1
a) lim n (2 n  1) ; b) lim n 2 (3 n  3 n 1 ) ; c) lim n (3 n 1  1) ; d) lim n 2 (3 n  1) ; e) lim n 2 (5 n ( n 1)  1) ; f)
n  n  n  n  n 
1 2n 1 n
n ( n 1)
lim n  1(5 n
 1) ; g) lim n (2 n 2 3 n
 1) ; h) lim n n (3  1) ; i) lim n n (e n ( n 1)  1) ;
n  n  n  n 
1
j) lim (n 2  1)(e n2
 cos n1 )
n 

7) Să se calculeze:
n n n n
  sin k 0
 kk2
 nk
3
k k
a) lim ; b) lim ; c) lim d) lim ;
n  n2 k n  n2 k n  n3 k n  4
k
k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1
n
e) lim (
n 
1
n 2 1
 2
n2 2
 .... 
n2 n
n
); f) lim n 1k  2 k  ...  n k , k  0 fixat ; g) lim
n  n 
 2
1
;
k 1 n  k
n n n n n n
h) lim
n 
 [k 2 x ]
n3
; j) lim
n 
 k 2  k ; k) lim n
n3 k n 
k n ; l) lim n1
n 
 ln( a k ) , a>1; m) lim
n 
 n k k . 3
k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1
8) Să se calculeze:
n n n
k b
cos   cos  ... cos   ac k d
 k kp
a) lim n 1 n2
n
2n
; b) lim k 1
n
; c) lim k 1
; d) lim k 1
p 1 ,p   * ;
n  n  n  n n n  n
n n n n n
kk k k  C2n  k  ( 2 k 1) p  1 k
2  3  ... k
e) lim k 1
; f) lim k 1
; g) lim k 1
; h) lim k 1
, p  N ; i) lim * k 1
;
n  n n n  n 2 n n  n2 n  n p 1 n  n
n n n n n n
 1
k
 ( 1) k n k  k5  ln k  k1  ln1k
k 1 k 0 k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1
j) lim ; k) lim ; l) lim ; m) lim ; n) lim ; o) lim ;
n  n n  n n  n 6 1 n  2
n 1 n  n n  n
 3
1
k 1 k
n
n  k2 k k
1
p) lim 1
n   n!
 k!; q) lim n 
k 1
n n 1 2 n 1
(R:
6
).
k 0
9) Să se calculeze:
3 n n!
a) lim n
n ; b) lim n
ln n ; c) lim n
n! ; d) lim n 2 n 1 ; e) lim n Cn ; f) lim ;
n  n  n  n  3n 2 1 n  3 n n  n
n ( n 1)( n  2 )...( n  n )
g) lim n 1 2 ... n ; h) lim n ( n 1)( n  2 )...( n  n ) ; i) lim ; j) lim n C1n  C 2n ...C nn ;
n  n! n  n! n  n n 

n
n! sin k
( n!) 2 2 n 1
k) lim n ( a 1)( a  2)...( a  n ) ; l) lim n ; m) lim n n ; n) lim n
( 4 n )!
; o) lim n
n  n! n  ( 2 n )!8 n n  ( 2 n )! n  [( 2 n )!] 2 n 
k 1