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ex: -explicita:
2
an an 1 , n 1 a0 3
7
a an
an 2 n 1 , se dau a1 2, a2 3
4
-implicita:
7 an 2an 1 0
2an 2 an 1 an 0
an2 2an 1 3 0
Relatiide reculenta liniare de ordinul I
an 1 an r , se da a1 an1 an q , se da a 1 , q, q 0
a 2 a1 r
a2 a1 q
a3 a 2 r
a3 a2 q
a 4 a3 r
an an 1 q
a n a n 1 r
an a1 q n 1
n - 2 a2 n 1 a1 n 2
an a1 n 1 r
a2 a1 n - 3 a3 n 2 a2 n 3
I. 1 a
a
aan31 a an2n1 se da a1 , n,2 R n 4 a4 n 3 a3 n 4
an4 1 a3
II. 1 n 3 2 an 2 3 an 3 2
1 n 1 n 4
ann 2 a1an 3
n 1
1
an 1 2 an 2
a
III.
n 1 0 an 2 2
an an 1
ann aan1 1
n 1
an n 1 a1 n 2 n 1 K 1
Exemplu:
a n 2a n 1 3 ; a1 2 n2
2 n 2 a2 2 n 1 a1 3 2 n 2
a2 2a1 3 2n 2
a3 2a2 3 2n 3 2 n 3 a3 2 n 2 a2 3 2 n 3
a4 2a3 3 2n 4 2 n 4 a4 2 n 3 a3 3 2 n 4
22
a n 2 2 an 3 3 2 2 an 2 2 3 an 3 3 2 2
2
an 1 2an 2 3 2an 1 2 2 an 2 3 2
an 2an 1 3 an 2an 1 3
an 2 n 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 K 2 n 2
Relatii de reculenta de ordinul II, liniare si omogene:
an 2 an 2
1
n 1 an 0
1
an 2 n 3 se dau doi termeni : a1 , a2 si , , R
2 1
an 2:n 1 5 3
Notam
an c k n
an 1 c k n 1
an 2 c k n 2
c k n 2 c k n 1 c k n 0
c k n k 2 k 0 ckn 0
k2 k 0
k radacina a ecuatiei k 2 k 0 ecuatia caracteris tica atasata relatiei de reculenta.
Caz I : 0
k1, 2 doua radacini reale si distincte;
a n c1 k1n c 2 k 2
n
a1 c1 k1 c 2 k 2
c1 , c 2 care se inlocuiesc in a n c1 k1n c 2 k 2
n
a 2 c1 k1 c2 k 2
2 2
Caz II : 0
k1 k 2 k radacini reale si egale
an k n
c1 n c2
a1 k c1 c 2
c1 , c 2
a 2 k c1 n c2
2
Caz III : 0
i
k1 , k 2 C \ R k1, 2
2
b
an r n c1 cos nt c 2 sin nt r k1 k2 tg t
a
a1 r c1 cos t c2 sin t
c1 , c2
a 2 r c1 cos 2t c2 sin 2t
2
Exemplu: Sa se afle termenul general al sirului, daca se da urmatoarea
relatie de reculenta:
an 2 4an 1 4an 0 , a1 2 , a2 3
an c k n
an 1 c k n 1
an 2 c k n 2
c k n 2 4c k n1 4c k n 0
c k n k 2 4k 4 0
k 2 4k 4 0 0
4
k1, 2 2 k1, 2 2 k
2
an k n c1 n c2
a1 k c1 c2 2 2 c1 c2 c c 1
1 2
a2 k (2c1 c2 ) 3 4 2c1 c2 8c1 4c2 3
2
1 5
c1 , c2
4 4
1 5
an 2 n n
4 4
an 2 an 1 an f (n) se dau a0 0 si a 1
Se transforma relatia de mai sus intr-o relatie de reculenta liniara si
omogena:
a0 0
an 2 7 a n 1 12 a n 6n 1
a1 1
Not am :
an bn n
a n 1 bn 1 ( n 1)
an 2 bn 2 ( n 2)
bn 2 n 2 7 bn 1 n 1 12 bn n 6n 1
bn 2 7bn 1 12bn 6 n 5 6 6n 1
6 n 6 n 1
5 6 1 1
a n bn n
a0 b0
0 b0 1 b0 1
a1 b1
1 b1 2 b1 1
bn 2 7bn 1 12bn 0
c k n k 2 7 k 12 0
bn c k n
k1, 2
4
3
bn c1k1n c2 k 2n
bn 1 c k n 1
b0 c1 c2
b1 c1k1 c2 k 2
1 c1 c2
1 4c1 3c2
c 3
1
c2 2
bn 2 4 n 3 3n
bn 2 c k n 2
bn 2 n 1 3n 1
an bn n an 2 n 1 3n 1 n 1