GERAN/UMTS
.
, ...
.
, ...

, .

GERAN UMTS
Rel99-Rel5 :

AMR (Narrowband Adaptive
Multi Rate codec);

AMR-WB+ (Adaptive
Multi Rate-Wideband+ codec).

WAP GSM. WAP

IP

(Circuit Switching),


( )
-
().




GPRS (General Packet
Radio Service)
PS (Packet Switching)



UMTS (Universal
Mobile Telecommunication System).
GPRS
(AP Access
Point) PDN (Public
Data Network) GSM/GPRS.
GSM (HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched
Data) IP , , .
GPRS UMTS


,
QoS.
1
GSM/UMTS , dial-up access server IP
.
IP

, -

GSM/UMTS

() IP .


QoS.

QoS [4,5] IP
.

, . ,

IP
.

GPRS/UMTS
WAP.
, WEB 1990- .
WEB -

. 1


 
 
   


WEB
. WEB
, , HTML (Hyper
Text Transfer Protocol). ,
TCP/IP , .
WEB HTTP , WEB
.
, WAP- (Wireless
Application Protocol)

,

GSM CS (Channel Switching).


WML (Mark-up Language).
WML
.
() WAP (WAP GW) WAP .
WAP GW HTTP
.
WAP .
WAP , ,
, IP,
:

HTTP;


RTSP (Real-time
Streaming Protocol),
;


RTP (Realtime Transfer Protocol), ;

SMTP
(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol);

SIP (Session
Initiation Protocol),
,
IP .
6

- WEB WAP,
(MMS),
(multimedia streaming)
(e-mail).
WAP 1.x WAP
GW UDP/
IP. IP WAP GW,
IP
. IP
WAP ,
dial-up access
,
APN GPRS .
WAP 2.0
. ,
WEB WAP, HTML WML ,

.
HTML WML
(XHTML). , WAP
2.0
UDP/IP WAP P/IP HTTP
XHTML.

MMS (Multimedia Messaging
Service).
IP.
MMS ( , , ), WAP. , ,
MMS,
WAP XHTML.
MMS

SMS ,
MMS (MMSC) SMS (SMSC).
PDP- WAP XHTML
MMSC. MMSC SMSC MMS
2.
() MMS MMS
IP WAP
APN GPRS.
/
. , , , MMS .
, MMS,

.
-

. 2 MMS WAP 1.x












 
 
   


,
.

(streaming) ,
.

. (
), .

.
,
.
( ).
, ,
MMS,
/
. ,

QoS




MMS.


RTSP.

,
TCP/
IP.
PLAY
RTSP,
RTP,
RTCP (Real-time
Control Protocol) .

TCP/IP (. 3).
IMS . 3GPP Rel5 CN
IMS
(peer-to-peer)



.
IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem)
SIP.
, IMS-

IP
.
, (HTTP
RTP RTCP), IMS-.

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)

(SDH)
SONET
(Synchronous Optical Network). 1-
2- , IP-
3 ,
TCP
(UDP) 4
(. 4).

() /I UDP/IP.
:

WEB/WAP,

HTTP WAP;

(Multimedia Streaming), -

UMTS

IP
Ethernet, ATM
(Asynchronous Transfer Mode), FR
(Frame Relay) -

. 3 IP /

HTTP, WAP, RTSP, RTP, STP,SIP

TP UDP
IP
GSM/GPRS/EGPRS/WCDMA
1,2

MPLS

ATM

Ethernet

,
SDH, SONET, DWDM

. 4 IP-


 
 
   


. 5 IP GPRS

RTSP RTP
;


(e-mail),
SMTP.
4.
GPRS 1
2 , IP
, GSM/
EDGE. , IP .
, IP


(AP) GPRS (GGSN).
TCP UDP
HTTP, RTP
IP 5.
TCP, UDP SGSN GGSN
GPRS.
IP PDP-.
PDP- (APN),
.
(,
WAP-,
WEB-,
.). APN AP, GGSN.
APN IP
8

GGSN
DNS (Domain Name Server) (. 5).
MPLS (Multi-protocol Label
Switching), , OSI

QoS

(VPN)
SLA.
IP GPRS
(uplink) AP
GGSN, (downlink)

AP GGSN,
PDP- . P
Gi
. , , ,

Ethernet, SDH/SONET.
GRE (Generic Routing
Encapsulation), 2-
(L2TP),
(VLAN), MPLS IPSec
(IP Security
:
IPv6).
QoS PDP-
GGSN
APN.

APN AP, GGSN

.

QoS




QoS
Rel97/98, GPRS.
Rel97
BS

. 6 PDP












 
 
   


UMTS
MT

AO

UTRAN

Lu
EDGE
NODE

-
AO/MT

UMTS

(RABS)

UTRA
FDD/TDD

lu

. 7 UMTS

(bearer service) GPRS,

QoS. GPRS PDP ,
, ,
GGSN IP
/ . PDP
QoS.
QoS
, :

(Precedence class);

(Delay class);

(Reliability class);

()
(Peak throughput class);


(Mean throughput class).
QoS ,
.
.
PDP ,
QoS.
PDP

GPRS
SGSN, GGSN IP
.



, 3GPP
PDP- .
GPRS (Rel97/98)

PDP PDP
.
(Rel99)

PDP PDP ,
QoS.
PDP ,
PDP ,
PDP .
,
PDP . PDP ,
APN
PDP .

QoS PDP-. ,
,
PDP ,
QoS.
QoS,
/ PDP
. PDP
6.

UMTS (UMTS Bearer
Service), [1,3]:

(. 7);

;

. 8 QoS 3GPP


 
 
   



QoS;



Iu;

.
.

UMTS, -
. QoS
.
,
UMTS,

.

QoS , QoS
APN
HLR (
).
Rel97 GPRS Gb-

Um Gb.
Rel99
GERAN
QoS-, .
, Rel99

IP Diff-Serv (IETF
Differentiated Services)
(CN
BS).
(COS),
QoS.

.
DiffServ
,
, ,


.
QoS 8 [2].
GPRS 1. GPRS UMTS PDP
Rel97/98, GPRS
UMTS
UMTS PDP

.
Rel99. IP (IP
QoS.
BS), Rel5, IMS
,
QoS


W-CDMA.
QoS
PDF (Policy Decision Function).
TDMA. - . PDF .

, Best Effort. - Soft

, -
QoS. GPRS
.
UMTS 1.

UMTS
QoS

:

.

(CN)
(User Plane)
Gb
Iu

.
(RAN)
(Control Plane)

(connection-oriented),
UMTS
(CN)
(connectionless)
QoS
.
PDP-
PDP - PDP- QoS,
QoS,
RAN (Radio Access Network)

CN.

10

PDP
LLC (Logical Link Control) .

LLC SGSN
GPRS.
LLC
, ,
.
,
QoS
QoS
BSS 2G-SGSN,
Rel99.
PFC (packet ow context). PFC

PDP QoS.
, PDP
PFC, QoS BSS.
QoS BSS ,
BSS
SGSN,












 
 
   


2. QoS Rel97/98
QoS

: ,
. ( 1)

.
( 2)
.
( 3) ,

SDU (
) GPRS.
,
GPRS (
).
.
GPRS,
. (
best-effort)
.
.
, best-effort ,

GPRS ;
,

( ) SDU.
GTP, LLC RLC

()

PDP .
:
() ;
.
MS.
,
PDP-.

.
.

()
PDP

QoS PDP-.
PDP-
QoS .

( 2).



. ,
, .

()
GPRS .


:
,
, .


,

.

GPRS/UMTS Rel99 ( 3),

QoS (
): , , .

GERAN UTRAN
Rel99
QoS. Rel97/98
Rel99 ( 4).


. , , ,
,
,
.



.

, ,
WEB/
WAP, MMS
e-mail.
,
, SDU
.
,
, ( ),

, 11


 
 
   


.
,

.
PDP- GERAN
UTRAN. GERAN UTRAN
QoS C-plane
U-plane (. 9).
,
,
. ,

QoS . RAN (Radio Access Network)

QoS.

() QoS,

,
. RAN

, ,
/
.
1. QoS
.
1.1. .
,



,
. ,
.
(
RAB (Radio
Access Bearer)), , RAB (Rel5),

PFC BSS (Rel99).
12

3. QoS Rel99

QoS

, : , , ,

, ,
?

(SDU)

SDU .

SDU

SDU.
SDU

SDU

, , SDU

RBER
(Residual BER)

SDU

SDU

95% SDU. SDU

SDU

(/)

, / ,

(/)

SDU. .

( )

.

TCH (-) .
, ,
. .

.


. , (,
),
,
.
1.2.
RAB/PFC












 
 
   


4. QoS Rel'97/98
QoS Rel'99

QoS Rel'97/98

QoS Rel'99

RBER,
SDU SDU

(/)

RB.

QoS.
RAB/PFC
RB
( TCH,
PDTCH): ( );
;
(EEP, UEP) .. ,

, -

,
.

,

QoS ( , , ).
1.3. .
.

QoS,
.
. ,

, ,

. ,
,
,

TBF (temporary
block ow) .

, ,


.
1.4. .
.
, () .
,
: ; () ,
.
,
,
..
. , -

. 9 QoS



13


 
 
   




.

.

.
2. QoS QoS,
.


,
, IP-
DiffServ, IETF.
,

(, ).
2.1. . .
,

( ,
,
BER) .

QoS
.
.
,
, : FR (full-rate), HR (half-rate),

, , .
.

,
/ (C/I).

.
2.2.
QoS :
14

QoS,
, ,
, ..;

,

:
- ;
- .
2.3. QoS .
,

.


.

,
QoS / (, VIP ). ,
,
.
2.4. /
QoS . ,
uplink
.

GSM/GPRS/EDGE/
UMTS/HSDPA
,

,

, ,
. ,

3GPP,

3G IP-.

,

,
GERAN
UMTS.


.
GERAN UMTS
,
,

,
.

1. .. , .. .
.
.:
, , 2005.
2. GSM, GPRS and EDGE performance.
Evolution Towards 3G/UMTS / edited by
Timo Halonen, Javier Romero, Juan Melero
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2003.
3. ETSI TS 123 107: Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); Quality of Service (QoS) concept and architecture
(3GPP TS 23.107 Release 5).
4. ETSI TS 102250-1.Speech Processing,
Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ);
QoS aspects for popular services in GSM
and 3G networks; Part 1: Identication of
Quality of Service aspects.
5. ETSI TS 102250-2.Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects
(STQ); QoS aspects for popular services
in GSM and 3G networks; Part 2: Denition of Quality of Service parameters and
their computation.